1
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Tan X, Xiang Y, Shi J, Chen L, Yu D. Targeting NTCP for liver disease treatment: A promising strategy. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100979. [PMID: 39310850 PMCID: PMC11415714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2024.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP), a bile acids transporter, has been identified as a new therapeutic target for the treatment of liver disease. This paper thoroughly investigates the function of NTCP for regulating bile acid regulation, its correlation with hepatitis B and D infections, and its association with various liver diseases. Additionally, in this review we examine recent breakthroughs in creating NTCP inhibitors and their prospective applications in liver disease treatment. While this review emphasizes the promising potential of targeting NTCP, it concurrently underscores the need for broader and more detailed research to fully understand the long-term implications and potential side effects associated with NTCP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- College of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan, Sichuan, 618300, China
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
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2
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Porteiro B, Roscam Abbing RLP, In Het Panhuis W, de Waart DR, Duijst S, Bolt I, Vogels EW, Levels JHM, Bosmans LA, Vos WG, Oude Elferink RPJ, Lutgens E, van de Graaf SFJ. Inhibition of hepatic bile salt uptake by Bulevirtide reduces atherosclerosis in Oatp1a1 -/-Ldlr -/- mice. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100594. [PMID: 39009243 PMCID: PMC11382107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile salts can strongly influence energy metabolism through systemic signaling, which can be enhanced by inhibiting the hepatic bile salt transporter Na+ taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), thereby delaying hepatic reuptake of bile salts to increase systemic bile salt levels. Bulevirtide is an NTCP inhibitor and was originally developed to prevent NTCP-mediated entry of Hepatitis B and D into hepatocytes. We previously demonstrated that NTCP inhibition lowers body weight, induces glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) secretion, and lowers plasma cholesterol levels in murine obesity models. In humans, a genetic loss-of-function variant of NTCP has been associated with reduced plasma cholesterol levels. Here, we aimed to assess if Bulevirtide treatment attenuates atherosclerosis development by treating female Ldlr-/- mice with Bulevirtide or vehicle for 11 weeks. Since this did not result in the expected increase in plasma bile salt levels, we generated Oatp1a1-/-Ldlr-/- mice, an atherosclerosis-prone model with human-like hepatic bile salt uptake characteristics. These mice showed delayed plasma clearance of bile salts and elevated bile salt levels upon Bulevirtide treatment. At the study endpoint, Bulevirtide-treated female Oatp1a1-/-Ldlr-/- mice had reduced atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic root that coincided with lowered plasma LDL-c levels, independent of intestinal cholesterol absorption. In conclusion, Bulevirtide, which is considered safe and is EMA-approved for the treatment of Hepatitis D, reduces atherosclerotic lesion area by reducing plasma LDL-c levels. We anticipate that its application may extend to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, which warrants clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Porteiro
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Reinout L P Roscam Abbing
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wietse In Het Panhuis
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk R de Waart
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Duijst
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Bolt
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther W Vogels
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H M Levels
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura A Bosmans
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Winnie G Vos
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P J Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stan F J van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Bai B, Qi S, Yang K, Yu X, Jian R, Zhang T, Wang D, Meng H, Zhao Y, Xia Y, Xu H, Yu G, Chen Z. Self-Assembly of Selenium-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as Antioxidants for Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Management. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300217. [PMID: 37021733 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI) is a critical complication after liver surgery that negatively affects surgical outcomes of patients with the end-stage liver-related disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are responsible for the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury and eventually lead to hepatic dysfunction. Selenium-doped carbon quantum dots (Se-CQDs) with an excellent redox-responsive property can effectively scavenge ROS and protect cells from oxidation. However, the accumulation of Se-CQDs in the liver is extremely low. To address this concern, the fabrication of Se-CQDs-lecithin nanoparticles (Se-LEC NPs) is developed through self-assembly mainly driven by the noncovalent interactions. Lecithin acting as the self-assembly building block also makes a pivotal contribution to the therapeutic performance of Se-LEC NPs due to its capability to react with ROS. The fabricated Se-LEC NPs largely accumulate in the liver, effectively scavenge ROS and inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines, thus exerting beneficial therapeutic efficacy on HIRI. This work may open a new avenue for the design of self-assembled Se-CQDs NPs for the treatment of HIRI and other ROS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Shaolong Qi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Xinyang Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Ruijun Jian
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tianfang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Daming Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xia
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Xu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Guocan Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, P. R. China
| | - Zuobing Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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4
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Shansky Y, Bespyatykh J. Bile Acids: Physiological Activity and Perspectives of Using in Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227830. [PMID: 36431930 PMCID: PMC9692537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids play a significant role in the digestion of nutrients. In addition, bile acids perform a signaling function through their blood-circulating fraction. They regulate the activity of nuclear and membrane receptors, located in many tissues. The gut microbiota is an important factor influencing the effects of bile acids via enzymatic modification. Depending on the rate of healthy and pathogenic microbiota, a number of bile acids may support lipid and glucose homeostasis as well as shift to more toxic compounds participating in many pathological conditions. Thus, bile acids can be possible biomarkers of human pathology. However, the chemical structure of bile acids is similar and their analysis requires sensitive and specific methods of analysis. In this review, we provide information on the chemical structure and the biosynthesis of bile acids, their regulation, and their physiological role. In addition, the review describes the involvement of bile acids in various diseases of the digestive system, the approaches and challenges in the analysis of bile acids, and the prospects of their use in omics technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Shansky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str., 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Julia Bespyatykh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Center of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Malaya Pirogovskaya Str., 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Expertise in Doping and Drug Control, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Square, 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Public Health and Health Care, Federal Scientific State Budgetary Institution «N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health», Vorontsovo Pole Str., 12-1, 105064 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Bertolini A, Fiorotto R, Strazzabosco M. Bile acids and their receptors: modulators and therapeutic targets in liver inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:547-564. [PMID: 35415765 PMCID: PMC9256560 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids participate in the intestinal emulsion, digestion, and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins. When present in high concentrations, as in cholestatic liver diseases, bile acids can damage cells and cause inflammation. After the discovery of bile acids receptors about two decades ago, bile acids are considered signaling molecules. Besides regulating bile acid, xenobiotic, and nutrient metabolism, bile acids and their receptors have shown immunomodulatory properties and have been proposed as therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases of the liver. This review focuses on bile acid-related signaling pathways that affect inflammation in the liver and provides an overview of the preclinical and clinical applications of modulators of these pathways for the treatment of cholestatic and autoimmune liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bertolini
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale Liver Center, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208019, New Haven, CT, 06520-8019, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Romina Fiorotto
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale Liver Center, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208019, New Haven, CT, 06520-8019, USA
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale Liver Center, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208019, New Haven, CT, 06520-8019, USA.
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6
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Goutam K, Ielasi FS, Pardon E, Steyaert J, Reyes N. Structural basis of sodium-dependent bile salt uptake into the liver. Nature 2022; 606:1015-1020. [PMID: 35545671 PMCID: PMC9242856 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver takes up bile salts from blood to generate bile, enabling absorption of lipophilic nutrients and excretion of metabolites and drugs1. Human Na+–taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) is the main bile salt uptake system in liver. NTCP is also the cellular entry receptor of human hepatitis B and D viruses2,3 (HBV/HDV), and has emerged as an important target for antiviral drugs4. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying NTCP transport and viral receptor functions remain incompletely understood. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human NTCP in complexes with nanobodies, revealing key conformations of its transport cycle. NTCP undergoes a conformational transition opening a wide transmembrane pore that serves as the transport pathway for bile salts, and exposes key determinant residues for HBV/HDV binding to the outside of the cell. A nanobody that stabilizes pore closure and inward-facing states impairs recognition of the HBV/HDV receptor-binding domain preS1, demonstrating binding selectivity of the viruses for open-to-outside over inward-facing conformations of the NTCP transport cycle. These results provide molecular insights into NTCP ‘gated-pore’ transport and HBV/HDV receptor recognition mechanisms, and are expected to help with development of liver disease therapies targeting NTCP. Structural studies of human Na+–taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide in complex with nanobodies reveal mechanisms for bile salts transport and HBV recognition involving an open-pore intermediate state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Goutam
- Membrane Protein Mechanisms Group, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, University of Bordeaux, CNRS-UMR5234, Pessac, France.,Membrane Protein Mechanisms Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Els Pardon
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Brussels, Belgium.,VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Steyaert
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, VUB, Brussels, Belgium.,VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Reyes
- Membrane Protein Mechanisms Group, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, University of Bordeaux, CNRS-UMR5234, Pessac, France. .,Membrane Protein Mechanisms Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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7
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Liu HY, Li M, Li Q. De novo mutation loci and clinical analysis in a child with sodium taurocholate cotransport polypeptide deficiency: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:11487-11494. [PMID: 35071582 PMCID: PMC8717514 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i36.11487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium taurocholate cotransport polypeptide (NTCP) deficiency disease is a genetic metabolic disorder due to mutations in the SLC10A1 gene and impaired bile acid salt uptake by the basolateral membrane transport protein NTCP in hepatocytes. A variety of clinical manifestations and genetic mutation loci have been reported for this disease. However, specific therapeutic measures are lacking, and the long-term effects are unknown.
CASE SUMMARY An infant with elevated bile acids and behavioral neurodevelopmental delay failed to respond to bile acid-lowering therapy. Genetic testing for metabolic liver disease revealed that the child had NTCP deficiency due to the SLC10A1 mutation: c.422dupA (p.Y141X), which is a novel mutation site. The current follow-up revealed a gradual decrease in bile acid levels after 1 year of age, but the child still had behavioral neurodevelopmental delays.
CONCLUSION The clinical manifestations, genetic characteristics, treatment and long-term prognosis due to NTCP deficiency remain poorly defined and need to be further confirmed by more studies and reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
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8
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Kunst RF, Verkade HJ, Oude Elferink RP, van de Graaf SF. Targeting the Four Pillars of Enterohepatic Bile Salt Cycling; Lessons From Genetics and Pharmacology. Hepatology 2021; 73:2577-2585. [PMID: 33222321 PMCID: PMC8252069 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bile salts play a pivotal role in lipid homeostasis, are sensed by specialized receptors, and have been implicated in various disorders affecting the gut or liver. They may play a role either as culprit or as potential panacea. Four very efficient transporters mediate most of the hepatic and intestinal bile salt uptake and efflux, and are each essential for the efficient enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. Starting from the intestinal lumen, conjugated bile salts cross the otherwise impermeable lipid bilayer of (primarily terminal ileal) enterocytes through the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (gene SLC10A2) and leave the enterocyte through the basolateral heteromeric organic solute transporter, which consists of an alpha and beta subunit (encoded by SLC51A and SLC51B). The Na+ -taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (gene SLC10A1) efficiently clears the portal circulation of bile salts, and the apical bile salt export pump (gene ABCB11) pumps the bile salts out of the hepatocyte into primary bile, against a very steep concentration gradient. Recently, individuals lacking either functional Na+ -taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide or organic solute transporter have been described, completing the quartet of bile acid transport deficiencies, as apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and bile salt export pump deficiencies were already known for years. Novel pathophysiological insights have been obtained from knockout mice lacking functional expression of these genes and from pharmacological transporter inhibition in mice or humans. Conclusion: We provide a concise overview of the four main bile salt transport pathways and of their status as possible targets of interventions in cholestatic or metabolic disorders.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11/metabolism
- Animals
- Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism
- Biological Transport, Active/drug effects
- Biological Transport, Active/physiology
- Drug Development
- Enterohepatic Circulation/drug effects
- Enterohepatic Circulation/physiology
- Humans
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/antagonists & inhibitors
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Symporters/antagonists & inhibitors
- Symporters/genetics
- Symporters/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni F. Kunst
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology MetabolismAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Pediatric Gastroenterology/HepatologyDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology MetabolismAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Stan F.J. van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology MetabolismAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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9
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Zhang Q, He Z, Liu Z, Gong L. Integrated plasma and liver gas chromatography mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry metabolomics to reveal physiological functions of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) with an Ntcp knockout mouse model. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1165:122531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Koriem KMM. Lipidome is lipids regulator in gastrointestinal tract and it is a life collar in COVID-19: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:37-54. [PMID: 33505149 PMCID: PMC7789067 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term lipidome is mentioned to the total amount of the lipids inside the biological cells. The lipid enters the human gastrointestinal tract through external source and internal source. The absorption pathway of lipids in the gastrointestinal tract has many ways; the 1st way, the lipid molecules are digested in the lumen before go through the enterocytes, digested products are re-esterified into complex lipid molecules. The 2nd way, the intracellular lipids are accumulated into lipoproteins (chylomicrons) which transport lipids throughout the whole body. The lipids are re-synthesis again inside the human body where the gastrointestinal lipids are: (1) Transferred into the endoplasmic reticulum; (2) Collected as lipoproteins such as chylomicrons; or (3) Stored as lipid droplets in the cytosol. The lipids play an important role in many stages of the viral replication cycle. The specific lipid change occurs during viral infection in advanced viral replication cycle. There are 47 lipids within 11 lipid classes were significantly disturbed after viral infection. The virus connects with blood-borne lipoproteins and apolipoprotein E to change viral infectivity. The viral interest is cholesterol- and lipid raft-dependent molecules. In conclusion, lipidome is important in gastrointestinal fat absorption and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection so lipidome is basic in gut metabolism and in COVID-19 infection success.
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11
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Javitt NB. Letter to the Editor: Blocking Sodum-Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide Stimulates Biliary Cholesterol and Phospholipid Secretion in Mice. Hepatology 2020; 72:1885. [PMID: 32367585 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norman B Javitt
- Department of Medicine, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY.,Department of Pediatrics, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY
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12
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Roscam Abbing RL, Kuipers F, Paulusma CC, Verkade HJ, Groen AK, Oude Elferink RP, van de Graaf SF. Reply. Hepatology 2020; 72:1885-1886. [PMID: 32333679 PMCID: PMC7702153 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reinout L.P. Roscam Abbing
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAmsterdam Gastroenterology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Departments of Pediatrics & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Coen C. Paulusma
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAmsterdam Gastroenterology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Henkjan J. Verkade
- Departments of Pediatrics & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Albert K. Groen
- Departments of Pediatrics & Laboratory MedicineUniversity of GroningenUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands,Department of Internal and Vascular MedicineAmsterdam Cardiovascular SciencesAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAmsterdam Gastroenterology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands,Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Stan F.J. van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal ResearchAmsterdam Gastroenterology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands,Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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Ha NT, Lee CH. Roles of Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase 1 in Tumour and Tumour Microenvironments. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112352. [PMID: 33113804 PMCID: PMC7693003 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 (FDFT1, squalene synthase), a membrane-associated enzyme, synthesizes squalene via condensation of two molecules of farnesyl pyrophosphate. Accumulating evidence has noted that FDFT1 plays a critical role in cancer, particularly in metabolic reprogramming, cell proliferation, and invasion. Based on these advances in our knowledge, FDFT1 could be a potential target for cancer treatment. This review focuses on the contribution of FDFT1 to the hallmarks of cancer, and further, we discuss the applicability of FDFT1 as a cancer prognostic marker and target for anticancer therapy.
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14
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Donkers JM, Roscam Abbing RLP, van Weeghel M, Levels JHM, Boelen A, Schinkel AH, Oude Elferink RPJ, van de Graaf SFJ. Inhibition of Hepatic Bile Acid Uptake by Myrcludex B Promotes Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Release and Reduces Obesity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:451-466. [PMID: 32330730 PMCID: PMC7363705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Bile acids are important metabolic signaling molecules. Bile acid receptor activation promotes body weight loss and improves glycemic control. The incretin hormone GLP-1 and thyroid hormone activation of T4 to T3 have been suggested as important contributors. Here, we identify the hepatic bile acid uptake transporter Na+ taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) as target to prolong postprandial bile acid signaling. METHODS Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1a/1b KO mice with or without reconstitution with human OATP1B1 in the liver were treated with the NTCP inhibitor Myrcludex B for 3.5 weeks after the onset of obesity induced by high fat diet-feeding. Furthermore, radiolabeled T4 was injected to determine the role of NTCP and OATPs in thyroid hormone clearance from plasma. RESULTS Inhibition of NTCP by Myrcludex B in obese Oatp1a/1b KO mice inhibited hepatic clearance of bile acids from portal and systemic blood, stimulated GLP-1 secretion, reduced body weight, and decreased (hepatic) adiposity. NTCP inhibition did not affect hepatic T4 uptake nor lead to increased thyroid hormone activation. Myrcludex B treatment increased fecal energy output, explaining body weight reductions amongst unaltered food intake and energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacologically targeting hepatic bile acid uptake to increase bile acid signaling is a novel approach to treat obesity and induce GLP1- secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Donkers
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinout L P Roscam Abbing
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes H M Levels
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- Division of Pharmacology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ronald P J Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stan F J van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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