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Adero PO, Amarasekara H, Wen P, Bohé L, Crich D. The Experimental Evidence in Support of Glycosylation Mechanisms at the S N1-S N2 Interface. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8242-8284. [PMID: 29846062 PMCID: PMC6135681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A critical review of the state-of-the-art evidence in support of the mechanisms of glycosylation reactions is provided. Factors affecting the stability of putative oxocarbenium ions as intermediates at the SN1 end of the mechanistic continuum are first surveyed before the evidence, spectroscopic and indirect, for the existence of such species on the time scale of glycosylation reactions is presented. Current models for diastereoselectivity in nucleophilic attack on oxocarbenium ions are then described. Evidence in support of the intermediacy of activated covalent glycosyl donors is reviewed, before the influences of the structure of the nucleophile, of the solvent, of temperature, and of donor-acceptor hydrogen bonding on the mechanism of glycosylation reactions are surveyed. Studies on the kinetics of glycosylation reactions and the use of kinetic isotope effects for the determination of transition-state structure are presented, before computational models are finally surveyed. The review concludes with a critical appraisal of the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ouma Adero
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Harsha Amarasekara
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Peng Wen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Luis Bohé
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301 , Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay , 1 avenue de la Terrasse , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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Crich D. Methodology development and physical organic chemistry: a powerful combination for the advancement of glycochemistry. J Org Chem 2011; 76:9193-209. [PMID: 21919522 PMCID: PMC3215858 DOI: 10.1021/jo2017026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective outlines work in the Crich group on the diastereoselective synthesis of the so-called difficult classes of glycosidic bond: the 2-deoxy-β-glycopyranosides, the β-mannopyranosides, the α-sialosides, the α-glucopyranosides, and the β-arabinofuranosides with an emphasis on the critical interplay between mechanism and methodology development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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Anteunis M, Alderweireldt F, Acke M. N.M.R. Experiments on Ketals Part I. Reaction Heat and Entropy of the Methyl Ketal Formation of Cyclohexanone, Cyclopentanone and Cyclobutanone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19630721115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fierens PJC, Verschelden P. Etudes cinétiques en série alicyclique-I Substitution nucléophile bimoléculaire réversible, par les ions iodures, des bromures de cyclobutyle, cyclopentyle, cyclohexyle, et cyeloheptyle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19520610708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Prelog V, Fausy El-Neweihy M, Häfliger O. Zur Kenntnis des Kohlenstoffringes. 54. Mitteilung. Vielgliedrige Cycloalkyl-amine. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19500330220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Prelog V, Häfliger O. Zur Kenntnis des Kohlenstoffringes. 52. Mitteilung. Über das polarographische Verhalten der Cyclanon-betainyl-hydrazone und die polarographische Bestimmung von Cyclanonen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19490320636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Prelog V, Barman P, Zimmermann M. Zur Kenntnis des Kohlenstoffringes. 51. Mitteilung. Weitere Untersuchungen über die Gültigkeitsgrenzen derBredt'schen Regel. Eine Variante derRobinson'schen Synthese von cyclischen ungesättigten Ketonen. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19490320418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Moretto A, Formaggio F, Crisma M, Toniolo C, Saviano M, Iacovino R, Vitale RM, Benedetti E. Ac10c: a medium-ring, cycloaliphatic Calpha,alpha-disubstituted glycine. Incorporation into model peptides and preferred conformation. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2001; 57:307-15. [PMID: 11328488 DOI: 10.1046/j.1397-002x.2000.00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two complete series of N-protected oligopeptide esters to the pentamer level from 1-amino-cyclodecane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac10c), an alpha-amino acid conformationally constrained through a medium-ring Calphai <--> Calphai cyclization, and either the L-Ala or Aib residue, along with the N-protected Ac10c monomer and homo-dimer alkylamides, were synthesized using solution methods and fully characterized. The preferred conformation of these model peptides was assessed in deuterochloroform solution using FT-IR absorption and 1H NMR techniques. Furthermore, the molecular structures of two derivatives (Z-Ac10c-OH and Fmoc-Ac10c-OH) and two peptides (the dipeptide ester Z-Ac10c-L-Phe-OMe and the tripeptide ester Z-Aib-Ac10c-Aib-OtBu) were determined in the crystal state using X-ray diffraction. The experimental results support the view that beta-bends and 3(10)-helices are preferentially adopted by peptides rich in Ac10c, the third largest cycloaliphatic C(alpha,alpha)-disubstituted glycine known. This investigation allowed us to complete a detailed conformational analysis of the whole 1-amino-cycloalkane-1-carboxylic acid (Ac(n)c, with n = 3-12) series, which represents the prerequisite for our recent proposal of the 'Ac(n)c scan' concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moretto
- Biopolymer Research Center, CNR, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Padova, Italy
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Woo LL, Purohit A, Malini B, Reed MJ, Potter BV. Potent active site-directed inhibition of steroid sulphatase by tricyclic coumarin-based sulphamates. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2000; 7:773-91. [PMID: 11033081 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-5521(00)00023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is now abundant evidence that inhibition of steroid sulphatase alone or in conjunction with inhibition of aromatase may enhance the response of postmenopausal patients with hormone-dependent breast cancer to this type of endocrine therapy. Additionally, sulphatase inhibition has been proposed to be of potential therapeutic benefit in the immune system and for neuro-degenerative diseases. After the finding that our first highly potent active site-directed steroid sulphatase inhibitor, oestrone-3-O-sulphamate (EMATE), was highly oestrogenic, we proposed non-steroidal coumarin sulphamates such as 4-methylcoumarin-7-O-sulphamate (COUMATE) as alternative non-steroidal steroid sulphatase inhibitors. In this work, we describe how tricyclic coumarin-based sulphamates have been developed which are even more potent than COUMATE, are non-oestrogenic and orally active. We also discuss potential mechanisms of action. RESULTS 4-Ethyl- (4), 4-(n-propyl)- (6), 3-ethyl-4-methyl- (8), 4-methyl-3-(n-propyl)coumarin-7-O-sulphamate (11); the tricyclic derivatives 665COUMATE (13), 666COUMATE (15), 667COUMATE (17), 668COUMATE (20) and the tricyclic oxepin sulphamate (22) were synthesised. In a placental microsome preparation, all of these analogues were found to be more active than COUMATE in the inhibition of oestrone sulphatase, with the most potent inhibitor being 667COUMATE which has an IC(50) of 8 nM, some 3-fold lower than that for EMATE (25 nM). In addition, 667COUMATE was also found to inhibit DHEA-sulphatase some 25-fold more potently than EMATE in a placental microsome preparation. Like EMATE, 667COUMATE acts in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that it is an active site-directed inhibitor. However, in contrast to EMATE, 667COUMATE has the important advantage of not being oestrogenic. In addition, we propose several diverse mechanisms of action for this active site-directed steroid sulphatase inhibitor in the light of recent publications on the crystal structures of human arylsulphatases A and B and the catalytic site topology for the hydrolysis of a sulphate ester. CONCLUSIONS A highly potent non-steroidal, non-oestrogenic and irreversible steroid sulphatase inhibitor has been developed. Several mechanisms of action for an active site-directed steroid sulphatase inhibitor are proposed. With 667COUMATE now in pre-clinical development for clinical trial, this should allow the biological and/or clinical significance of steroid sulphatase inhibitors in the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone-dependent breast cancer and other therapeutic indications to be fully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Woo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd., University of Bath, UK
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Harnisch R, Lauterbach G, Pritzkow W. Kinetics of Peroxyradical Attack at Cyclic Hydrocarbons: Ring-strain effects on H-abstraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/prac.19953370113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Lemière G, Lepoivre J, Alderweireldt F. Ring-size effects in horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase-catalyzed redox reactions. Bioorg Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0045-2068(88)90005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Peet NP, Sunder S, Barbuch RJ, Vinogradoff AP. Mechanistic observations in the gewald syntheses of 2-aminothiophenes. J Heterocycl Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570230126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lorenc L, Gašić M, Dabović M, Vuletić N, Lj. Mihailović M. Structure-reactivity relationship in the solvolysis of 5,10-secosteroidal 5-p-nitrobenzoates. Tetrahedron 1979. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)93762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Grenier-Loustalot M, Bonastre J, Potin M, Grenier P. Influence des conformations et des structure sur les valeurs de rétention des cyclanes et cyclanones. J Chromatogr A 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)97998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Anet F, St. Jacques M, Henrichs P, Cheng A, Krane J, Wong L. Conformational analysis of medium-ring ketones. Tetrahedron 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dahn H, Schlunke HP, Temler J. Chemische Verschiebungen bei17O-NMR. und Hydratations geschwindigkeiten von cyclischen Ketonen mit transannularer Wechselwirkung. Helv Chim Acta 1972. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19720550316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lorenz P, Rüchardt C, Schacht E. Organische Peroxide, XI. Darstellung und Thermolyse von Cycloalkan- und 1-Methylcycloalkan-percarbonsäure-(1)-tert.-butylestern. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1971. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19711041109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Untersuchungen an Diazomethanen, XXIII. Katalysierte Homologisierung von Spiroalkanonen mit Diazomethan. European J Org Chem 1965. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19656890105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Servis KL, Oliver LK, Roberts JD. The dissociation constants of methyl alkyl ketone cyanohydrins. Tetrahedron 1965. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)98653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Machleidt H, Hartmann V. Organische Fluorverbindungen, VI. Reaktionen cyclischer Fluor-carbonyl-Verbindungen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1964. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19646790103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Huisgen R, Ugi I, Assemi MT, Witte J. Die kinetik der Beckmann-Umlagerung der Cyclanon-Oxime. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1957. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.19576020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nerdel F, Rachel H. Die Synthese von Mandelsäure-Analogen, II. Mitteil.: Über Styrylglykolsäuren. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1956. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19560890315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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