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Ying W, Herndon JW. Total synthesis of (+)-antofine and (-)-cryptopleurine. European J Org Chem 2013; 2013:10.1002/ejoc.201300200. [PMID: 24357989 PMCID: PMC3864684 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The tylophorine alkaloid anticancer compounds antofine and cryptopleurine have been synthesized in optically active form. Both syntheses employ optically pure α-amino acids as the starting materials, require only seven steps from known 2-ethynylpyrrolidine or 2-ethynylpiperidine derivatives, and are free of protecting groups. Key steps include an alkyne hydration and a chromium carbene complex based net [5+5]-cycloaddition step. Alkyne hydration was accompanied by racemization of the resulting β-aminoketone under most of the conditions examined, and successful minimization of this side reaction was achieved through careful pH control and choice of metal additive. Final ring closure involves a Bischler-Napieralski reaction using a carbamate (antofine) or urea (cryptopleurine) precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Ying
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
| | - James W. Herndon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA
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2
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Cui M, Song H, Feng A, Wang Z, Wang Q. Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)-Antofine and (R)-Cryptopleurine via Proline-Catalyzed Sequential α-Aminoxylation and Horner−Wadsworth−Emmons Olefination of Aldehyde. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7018-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101510x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingbo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anzheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Yang X, Shi Q, Bastow KF, Lee KH. Antitumor agents. 274. A new synthetic strategy for E-ring SAR study of antofine and cryptopleurine analogues. Org Lett 2010; 12:1416-9. [PMID: 20196574 DOI: 10.1021/ol902819j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new versatile synthetic methodology for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure natural phenanthroindolizidines and phenanthroquinolizidines has been established and described. Natural products R-antofine and R-cryptopleurine, as well as a novel E-ring expanded analogue 13c (E7), 12-oxo-S-antofine (17), and 12N-methyl-12-aza-S-antofine (18) were synthesized with the new method. This strategy will greatly facilitate future SAR studies on the natural alkaloids with E-ring variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
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4
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Total synthesis of the tylophora alkaloids rusplinone, 13aα-secoantofine, and antofine using a multicatalytic oxidative aminochlorocarbonylation/Friedel–Crafts reaction. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Wang Z, Li Z, Wang K, Wang Q. Efficient and Chirally Specific Synthesis of Phenanthro-Indolizidine Alkaloids by Parham-Type Cycloacylation. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Synthesis of (S)-(+)-tylophorine and its seco analogues using free radical reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-009-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Chemler SR. Phenanthroindolizidines and Phenanthroquinolizidines: Promising Alkaloids for Anti-Cancer Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 5:2-19. [PMID: 20160962 DOI: 10.2174/157340709787580928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The phenanthroindolizidine and phenanthroquinolizidine alkaloids, typified by tylophorine and cryptopleurine, are a family of plant-derived small molecules with significant therapeutic potential. The plant extracts have been used in herbal medicine and the isolated compounds have displayed a range of promising therapeutic activity such as anti-ameobicidal, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity. Despite their therapeutic protential, no compounds in this class have fully passed clinical trials. Drawbacks include low in vivo anti-cancer activity, central nervous system toxicity and low natural availability. A number of biological effects of these compounds, such as protein and nucleic acid synthesis suppression, have been identified, but the specific biomolecular targets have not yet been identified. Significant effort has been expended in the synthesis and structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies of these compounds with the hope that a new drug will emerge. This review will highlight important contributions to the isolation, synthesis, SAR and mechanism of action of the phenanthroindolizidine and pheanthroquinolizidine alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry R Chemler
- The University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Zeng W, Chemler SR. Total synthesis of (S)-(+)-tylophorine via enantioselective intramolecular alkene carboamination. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6045-7. [PMID: 18588345 DOI: 10.1021/jo801024h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of (S)-(+)-tylophorine, a potent cancer cell growth inhibitor, has been accomplished in eight steps from commercially available 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol. A copper (II)-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular alkene carboamination was employed as the key step to construct the chiral indolizidine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, The University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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Fürstner A, Kennedy JWJ. Total syntheses of the tylophora alkaloids cryptopleurine, (-)-antofine, (-)-tylophorine, and (-)-ficuseptine C. Chemistry 2007; 12:7398-410. [PMID: 16881031 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A concise, efficient and modular approach to the tylophora alkaloids is described, a family of potent cytotoxic agents that are equally effective against drug sensitive and multidrug resistant cancer cell lines. The advantages of the chosen route are illustrated by the total syntheses of the phenanthroquinolizidine cryptopleurine (1) and the phenanthroindolizidines (-)-antofine (2), (-)-tylophorine (3), and their only recently isolated congener (-)-ficuseptine C (4). The key steps consist in a Suzuki cross-coupling between a (commercial) boronic acid and a simple aryl-1,2-dihalide followed by elaboration of the resulting products into the corresponding 2-alkynyl-biphenyl derivatives 27, 33, 41 and 46. The latter undergo PtCl2-catalyzed cycloisomerizations with formation of the functionalized phenanthrenes 28, 34, 42 and 47, which were transformed into the targeted alkaloids by a deprotection/Pictet-Spengler annulation tandem. Due to the flexibility and robust character of this approach, it might enable a systematic exploration of the pharmacological profile of this promising class of bioactive natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany.
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Camacho-Davila A, Herndon JW. Total Synthesis of Antofine Using the Net [5+5]-Cycloaddition of γ,δ-Unsaturated Carbene Complexes and 2-Alkynylphenyl Ketones as a Key Step. J Org Chem 2006; 71:6682-5. [PMID: 16901172 DOI: 10.1021/jo061053n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A compound containing all of the carbons of the anticancer agent antofine was produced in a single step from the coupling of a gamma,delta-unsaturated carbene complex with a 2-alkynylphenyl ketone derivative. Subsequent conversion to antofine was effected in three steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Camacho-Davila
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
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Staerk D, Lykkeberg AK, Christensen J, Budnik BA, Abe F, Jaroszewski JW. In vitro cytotoxic activity of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids from Cynanchum vincetoxicum and Tylophora tanakae against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2002; 65:1299-1302. [PMID: 12350151 DOI: 10.1021/np0106384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two known phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, (-)-(R)-13aalpha-antofine (1) and (-)-(R)-13aalpha-6-O-desmethylantofine (2), and two new natural products, (-)-(R)-13aalpha-secoantofine (3) and (-)-(R)-13aalpha-6-O-desmethylsecoantofine (4), were isolated from Cynanchum vincetoxicum. The structures of all compounds were established by means of NMR methods including COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC experiments, supported by HRMS and optical rotation data. Cytotoxic activity of the isolated alkaloids, and of three other alkaloids previously isolated from Tylophora tanakae, (-)-(R)-13aalpha-tylophorine (5), (-)-(R)-13aalpha-7-O-desmethyltylophorine (6), and (+)-(S)-13abeta-isotylocrebrine (7), was assessed in vitro using a drug-sensitive KB-3-1 and a multidrug-resistant KB-V1 cancer cell line. Structure-activity relationships in this series of alkaloids are discussed. The IC(50) values of some of the alkaloids are in the low nanomolar range, being thus comparable to the activity of clinically used cytotoxic drugs. Previously reported adverse side effects of these alkaloids could possibly be overcome by modern tissue-specific drug targeting techniques.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaloids/chemistry
- Alkaloids/isolation & purification
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cynanchum/chemistry
- Denmark
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Humans
- Indoles
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Isoquinolines/chemistry
- Isoquinolines/isolation & purification
- Isoquinolines/pharmacology
- Molecular Conformation
- Molecular Structure
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
- Phenanthrenes
- Plant Leaves/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
- Vinblastine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Staerk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Staerk D, Christensen J, Lemmich E, Duus JO, Olsen CE, Jaroszewski JW. Cytotoxic activity of some phenanthroindolizidine N-oxide alkaloids from Cynanchum vincetoxicum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2000; 63:1584-1586. [PMID: 11087617 DOI: 10.1021/np0003443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two previously known phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, (-)-10beta-antofine N-oxide (1) and (-)-10beta, 13aalpha-14beta-hydroxyantofine N-oxide (2), and a novel alkaloid, (-)-10beta,13aalpha-secoantofine N-oxide (3), were isolated from aerial parts of Cynanchum vincetoxicum. Their structures were established by means of NMR methods, including COSY, NOESY, HSQC, and HMBC experiments, as well as from their CD spectra. Cytotoxic activity of the alkaloids was assessed in vitro using both a drug-sensitive KB-3-1 and a multi-drug-resistant KB-V1 cancer cell line. The antofine derivatives (1 and 2) showed pronounced cytotoxicity against the drug-sensitive cell line (IC(50) values about 100 nM), whereas the secoantofine derivative (3) was considerably less active. The KB-V1 cell line showed a marginal resistance against all alkaloids, demonstrating that these compounds are poor substrates for the P-glycoprotein (P-170) efflux pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Staerk
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Lebrun S, Couture A, Deniau E, Grandclaudon P. Total syntheses of (±)-cryptopleurine, (±)-antofine and (±)-deoxypergularinine. Tetrahedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(99)00017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Pyroglutamate as a Chiral Template for the Synthesis of Alkaloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-8210(98)80006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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15
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16
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Asymmetric alkaloid synthesis from (S)-pyroglutamic acid. I. Synthesis of (S)-5-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinone. J Heterocycl Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570230160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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18
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Chapter 3 Phenanthroindolizidine and Phenanthroquinolizidine Alkaloids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s1876-0813(08)60133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Budzikiewicz H, Faber L, Herrmann EG, Perrollaz FF, Schlunegger UP, Wiegrebe W. Vinceten, ein Benzopyrroloisochinolin-Alkaloid, ausCynanchum vincetoxicum (L.) Pers. (Asclepiadaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.197919790815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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