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Kutsumura N, Nagase H. Unique Reactions of Morphinan Skeletons and Conversions of the Skeletons to Active Alkaloids. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Nagase
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba
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Development of 5-Substituted N-Methylmorphinan-6-ones as Potent Opioid Analgesics with Improved Side-Effect Profile. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:208039. [PMID: 25954525 PMCID: PMC4412049 DOI: 10.1155/2012/208039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most important functions of the opioid system is the control of pain. Among the three main opioid receptor classes (μ, δ, κ), the μ (MOR) is the main type targeted for pharmacotherapy of pain. Opioid analgesics such as morphine, oxycodone and fentanyl are agonists at the MOR and are the mainstay for the treatment of moderate-to-severe pain. However, adverse effects related to opioid use are severe and often lead to early discontinuation and inadequate analgesia. The development of more effective and safer medications for the management of pain still remains a major direction in pharmaceutical research. Chemical approaches towards the identification of novel MOR analgesics with reduced side effects include structural modifications of 14-alkoxy-N-methylmorphinan-6-ones in key positions that are important for binding, selectivity, potency, and efficacy at opioid receptors. This paper describes a representative strategy to improve the therapeutic usefulness of opioid analgesics from the morphinan class of drugs by targeting position 5. The focus is on chemical and biological studies and structure-activity relationships of this series of ligands. We report on 14-alkoxymorphinan-6-ones having a methyl and benzyl group at position 5 as strong opioid antinociceptive agents with reduced propensity to cause undesired effects compared to morphine although interacting selectively with MORs.
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Woudenberg RH, Oosterhoff BE, Lie TS, Maat L. Synthesis of 5β-alkylthebaines, 5β-alkyl-10α-ethylthebaines and 5β,10α, 10β-triethylthebaine; Diels-Alder reactions to 5β-alkyl- and 5β-alkyl-10α-ethyl-6α, 14α-ethenoisomorphinans (chemistry of opium alkaloids, Part XXXVI. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19921110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Woudenberg RH, Maat L. Synthesis and biological activity of new etorphine analogues from 7-chloro-6-demethoxythebaine and 7-chloro-5β-methyl-6-demethoxythebaine (chemistry of opium alkaloids, part XXXVII). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19931120207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Woudenberg RH, Lie TS, Maat L. Reactions of thebaine and 6-demethoxythebaine anions with carbonyl compounds; novel Diels-Alder adducts from 5β-substituted thebaines (chemistry of opium alkaloids, Part XXXIX). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19931121008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Woudenberg RH, Piet DP, Sinnema A, Lie TS, Maat L. Synthesis of 5β-methyl-6-demethoxythebaine and its Diels-Alder reaction to 6α,14α-ethenoisomorphinans and 6β,14β-ethenomorphinans (Chemistry of Opium Alkaloids, Part XXXV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19911101004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Woudenberg RH, Lie TS, Maat L. Rigid etheno-bridged metopon analogues from Diels-Alder reaction of 5-methylthebaine. (Chemistry of opium alkaloids, Part XXXII). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19901090507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Morphinans and isoquinolines: acetylcholinesterase inhibition, pharmacophore modeling, and interaction with opioid receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:5071-80. [PMID: 20580236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Following indications from pharmacophore-based virtual screening of natural product databases, morphinan and isoquinoline compounds were tested in vitro for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. After the first screen, active and inactive compounds were used to build a ligand-based pharmacophore model in order to prioritize compounds for biological testing. Among the virtual hits tested, the enrichment of actives was significantly higher than in a random selection of test compounds. The most active compounds were biochemically tested for their activity on mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 14-Alkoxymorphinans. Part 15. Novel δ opiod receptor antagonists with high affinity and selectivity in the 14-alkoxy-substituted indolomorphinan series. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19980810519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Szmuszkovicz J. U-50,488 and the kappa receptor: a personalized account covering the period 1973 to 1990. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1999; 52:167-95. [PMID: 10396128 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8730-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
All clinically significant analgesics for severe pain derive from the morphine model. Morphine has provided a fertile area for medicinal chemistry research and received an additional stimulus in the 1970s with the appearance of the opioid receptors. The background for the birth of U-50,488 is described herein. It occurred before the discovery of the kappa receptor and, thus, U-50,488 was classified originally as a non-mu compound, and only later as a kappa agonist. U-50,488 provided a succinct template for structural modifications and they are described for the period up to 1990. A description of the structural classes of kappa agonists is provided including a summary of kappa recognition sites based on known agonists.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer/history
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/history
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacology
- Animals
- History, 20th Century
- Humans
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/history
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Affiliation(s)
- J Szmuszkovicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
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Schmidhammer H. Opioid Receptor Antagonists**This review is dedicated to the memory of the late Drs. Sidney Archer and Hans W. Kosterlitz. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Schmidhammer H, Nussbaumer C, Patel D, Traynor JR. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 14-Alkoxymorphinans. Part 10. 14-O-Methyl derivatives of 5-methylnaltrexone and 5-methylnaloxone. Helv Chim Acta 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19940770614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Schmidhammer H, Schratz A, Schmidt C, Patel D, Traynor JR. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 14-Alkoxymorphinans. Part 9. 14-O-ethyl-5-methylnaltrexone, and opioid antagonist with unusual selectivity. Helv Chim Acta 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19930760131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Schmidhammer H, Mayer-Valkanover K, Walla-Kugler M. 5-Methylnaioxone and 5-Methylnaltrexone: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation. Helv Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19900730722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Schmidhammer H, Schratz A, Mitterdorfer J. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 14-Alkoxymorphinans. Part 8. 14-methoxymetopon, an extremely potent opioid agonist. Helv Chim Acta 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19900730623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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He XS, Brossi A. DI-(2,2,2-Trichloroethyl)-Carbonate: Byproduct in Reactions with 2,2,2-Trichloroethyl Chloroformate. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919008053155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University of Technology, Leicestershire
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Schmidhammer H, Trenker E, Burkard WP, Eggstein-Aeppli L, Hefti F, Holck MI. An opioid agonist with preference for kappa-opioid receptors: (-)-N-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan-6-one. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1990; 323:27-9. [PMID: 1970719 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19903230108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Cyclopropylmethyl- and N-cyclobutylmethylmorphinan-6-one (3 and 4, respectively) were prepared from N-methylmorphinan-6-one. The pharmacological studies showed 3 and 4 to be potent opioid agonists. Compound 3 was found to have preference for kappa rather than mu opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schmidhammer
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Chapter 2. Analgesics. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)61578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Schmidhammer H, Deeter JB, Jones ND, Leander JD, Schoepp DD, Swartzendruber JK. Synthesis, Structure Elucidation, and Pharmacological Evaluation of 5-Methyl-oxymorphone (= 4,5?-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-5,17-dimethylmorphinan-6-one). Helv Chim Acta 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19880710721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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