1
|
Zhang JN, Yang BB, Li LW, Xu H, Wang B, Yi ZL, Zhou XR, Liu H. Multi-omics pan-cancer analysis reveals the prognostic values and immunological functions of PPA2, with a spotlight on breast cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1435502. [PMID: 39176095 PMCID: PMC11338811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1435502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the role of inorganic pyrophosphatase 2 (PPA2) has been remaining merely superficial in many tumors. Hence, the aim was to analyze the potential functions of PPA2 in pan-cancer, focusing on its role in breast cancer. Methods A systematic pan-cancer analysis conducted primarily utilizing various open databases such as TCGA and GTEx. We explored the clinical value of PPA2 as well as various biological functions, including expression levels and subcellular localization, multi-dimensional immune-correlation analysis, co-expression networks, and gene heterogeneity. In addition, we not only verified the function of PPA2 through cell experiments but also analyzed PPA2 at the single-cell level and its drug sensitivity. Results PPA2 is abnormally expressed in various tumors, and it is mainly distributed in mitochondria. Furthermore, the indicators (OS, DSS, DFI, and PFI) of analysis hint that PPA2 exhibits significant prognostic value. At the same time, the genomic heterogeneity (including TMB, MSI, MATH, and NEO) of PPA2 in pan-cancer was analyzed. Across multiple tumors, the results showed a close correlation between PPA2 expression levels and different immune signatures (such as immune cell infiltration). All of these indicate that PPA2 could potentially be applied in the guidance of immunotherapy. We also have demonstrated that PPA2 promoted the process of breast cancer. Finally, some potential therapeutic agents (such as Fulvestrant) targeting the abnormal expression of PPA2 are revealed. Conclusion In conclusion, the results demonstrated the great value of PPA2 in pan-cancer research, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target for breast tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ning Zhang
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Bei-Bei Yang
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin-Wei Li
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Xu
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Wang
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Zi-Lu Yi
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi-Rui Zhou
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Liu
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- The Second Surgical Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Okawa Y, Sasagawa S, Kato H, Johnson TA, Nagaoka K, Kobayashi Y, Hayashi A, Shibayama T, Maejima K, Tanaka H, Miyano S, Shibahara J, Nishizuka S, Hirano S, Seto Y, Iwaya T, Kakimi K, Yasuda T, Nakagawa H. Immuno-genomic analysis reveals eosinophilic feature and favorable prognosis of female non-smoking esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Lett 2024; 581:216499. [PMID: 38013050 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Most of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) develop in smoking males in Japan, but the genomic etiology and immunological characteristics of rare non-smoking female ECSS remain unclear. To elucidate the genomic and immunological features of ESCC in non-smoking females, we analyzed whole-genome or transcriptome sequencing data from 94 ESCCs, including 20 rare non-smoking female cases. In addition, 31,611 immune cells were extracted from four ESCC tissues and subject to single-cell RNA-seq. We compared their immuno-genomic and microbiome profiles between non-smoking female and smoking ESCCs. Non-smoking females showed much better prognosis. Whole-genome sequencing analysis showed no significant differences in driver genes or copy number alterations depending on smoking status. The mutational signatures specifically observed in non-smoking females ESCC could be attributed to aging. Immune profiling from RNA-seq revealed that ESCC in non-smoking females had high tumor microenvironment signatures and a high abundance of eosinophils with a favorable prognosis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of intratumor immune cells revealed gender differences of eosinophils and their activation in female cases. ESCCs in non-smoking females have age-related mutational signatures and gender-specific tumor immune environment with eosinophils, which is likely to contribute to their favorable prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shota Sasagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kato
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Todd A Johnson
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Nagaoka
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Kobayashi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akimasa Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibayama
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maejima
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Shibahara
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishizuka
- Division of Biomedical Research and Development, Iwate Medical University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of GI Surgery, Graduate of School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwaya
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takushi Yasuda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu L, Xu Y, Zhang F, Xu P, Wang L. Immunological pathways in viral hepatitis-induced hepato-cellular carcinoma. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2024; 53:64-72. [PMID: 38426692 PMCID: PMC10945487 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious neoplastic disease with increasing incidence and mortality, accounting for 90% of all liver cancers. Hepatitis viruses are the major causative agents in the development of HCC. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) primarily causes acute infections, which is associated with HCC to a certain extent, as shown by clinicopathological studies. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections lead to persistent liver inflammation and cirrhosis, disrupt multiple pathways associated with cellular apoptosis and proliferation, and are the most common viral precursors of HCC. Mutations in the HBV X protein (HBx) gene are closely associated with the incidence of HCC, while the expression of HCV core proteins contributes to hepatocellular lipid accumulation, thereby promoting tumorigenesis. In the clinical setting, hepatitis D virus (HDV) frequently co-infects with HBV, increasing the risk of chronic hepatitis. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) usually causes acute infections. However, chronic infections of HEV have been increasing recently, particularly in immuno-compromised patients and organ transplant recipients, which may increase the risk of progression to cirrhosis and the occurrence of HCC. Early detection, effective intervention and vaccination against these viruses may significantly reduce the incidence of liver cancer, while mechanistic insights into the interplay between hepatitis viruses and HCC may facilitate the development of more effective intervention strategies. This article provides a comprehensive overview of hepatitis viruses and reviews recent advances in research on aberrant hepatic immune responses and the pathogenesis of HCC due to viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingdong Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yifan Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Intelligent Medicine, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Institute of Intelligent Medicine, Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Lie Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Duan C, Zhao X, Li X, Xie J, Si Y, Wang L, Wu D, Wang Y, Liu S, Wang Q, Zhuang R, Yin W, Li J. Identification of hub genes and potential inhibitory compounds in the process of liver transplantation through transcriptome sequencing. Mol Cell Probes 2023; 72:101936. [PMID: 37802426 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is the best choice for patients with end-stage liver diseases. In order to better understand pathophysiological alterations in LT, we aimed to identify potential hub genes and inhibitory compounds involved in the LT process. Four pairs of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples of the LT recipients before and after surgery were collected and taken for transcriptome sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed for the screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between pre- and post-operation groups. Common DEGs were obtained from GO and KEGG enriched pathways, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, hub gene identification, module analysis, and structure-based virtual screening process (SBVS). Compared to the pre-operation stage, 4745 genes were down-regulated and 798 up-regulated after LT. GO analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in ribosome-related translation regulation, and KEGG analysis indicated that infection and immune-related pathways and diseases were largely enriched. A large number of down-regulated DEGs were not only associated with ribosome-related pathways but also with the alterations of epigenetic modifications, in particular ubiquitination. Moreover, through the PPI network of 29 common genes from GO and KEGG-enriched pathways, 7 hub genes were identified, including PTEN, MYC, EIF2S1, EIF4EBP1, HSP90AB1, TP53, and HSPA8, which were mainly involved in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. SBVS of the seed molecule PTEN (PDB code: 1D5R) predicted top hits compounds that may serve as potential inhibitors of PTEN, of which the compound ZINC4235331 had the lowest binding affinity of -10 kcal/mol. The significance of screened hub genes and potential inhibitors involved in the process of LT provides novel therapeutic strategies for improving the outcomes of LT recipients during surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chujun Duan
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangang Xie
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Si
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linxiao Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanshou Liu
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianmei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ran Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo F, Yang X, Hu C, Li W, Han W. Network Pharmacology Combined with Machine Learning to Reveal the Action Mechanism of Licochalcone Intervention in Liver Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15935. [PMID: 37958916 PMCID: PMC10649909 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There are reports indicating that licochalcones can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells by promoting the expression of autophagy-related proteins, inhibiting the expression of cell cycle proteins and angiogenic factors, and regulating autophagy and apoptosis. This study aims to reveal the potential mechanisms of licochalcone A (LCA), licochalcone B (LCB), licochalcone C (LCC), licochalcone D (LCD), licochalcone E (LCE), licochalcone F (LCF), and licochalcone G (LCG) inhibition in liver cancer through computer-aided screening strategies. By using machine learning clustering analysis to search for other structurally similar components in licorice, quantitative calculations were conducted to collect the structural commonalities of these components related to liver cancer and to identify key residues involved in the interactions between small molecules and key target proteins. Our research results show that the seven licochalcones molecules interfere with the cancer signaling pathway via the NF-κB signaling pathway, PDL1 expression and PD1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, and others. Glypallichalcone, Echinatin, and 3,4,3',4'-Tetrahydroxy-2-methoxychalcone in licorice also have similar structures to the seven licochalcones, which may indicate their similar effects. We also identified the key residues (including ASN364, GLY365, TRP366, and TYR485) involved in the interactions between ten flavonoids and the key target protein (nitric oxide synthase 2). In summary, we provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of licorice flavonoids, providing new ideas for the design of small molecules for liver cancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wannan Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (F.G.); (X.Y.); (C.H.)
| | - Weiwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (F.G.); (X.Y.); (C.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fazlalipour M, Ghoreshi ZAS, Molaei HR, Arefinia N. The Role of DNA Viruses in Human Cancer. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351231154186. [PMID: 37363356 PMCID: PMC10286548 DOI: 10.1177/11769351231154186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the possible involvement of infections-associated cancers in humans, with virus infections contributing 15% to 20% of total cancer cases in humans. DNA virus encoded proteins interact with host cellular signaling pathways and control proliferation, cell death and genomic integrity viral oncoproteins are known to bind cellular Deubiquitinates (DUBs) such as cyclindromatosis tumor suppressor, ubiquitin-specific proteases 7, 11, 15 and 20, and A-20 to improve their intracellular stability and cellular signaling pathways and finally transformation. Human papillomaviruses (cervical carcinoma, oral cancer and laryngeal cancer); human polyomaviruses (mesotheliomas, brain tumors); Epstein-Barr virus (B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases and nasopharyngeal carcinoma); Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus (Kaposi's Sarcoma and primary effusion lymphomas); hepatitis B (hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)) cause up to 20% of malignancies around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Fazlalipour
- WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran (IPI), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Molaei
- Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nasir Arefinia
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Terrell JR, Tang S, Faniyi OO, Jeong IH, Yin J, Nijampatnam B, Velu SE, Wang W, Zhang R, Luo M. Structural studies of antitumor compounds that target the RING domain of MDM2. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4367. [PMID: 35900024 PMCID: PMC9301682 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is involved in the transfer of ubiquitin to p53 and other protein substrates. The expression of MDM2 is elevated in cancer cells and inhibitors of MDM2 showed potent anticancer activities. Many inhibitors target the p53 binding domain of MDM2. However, inhibitors such as Inulanolide A and MA242 are found to bind the RING domain of MDM2 to block ubiquitin transfer. In this report, crystal structures of MDM2 RING domain in complex with Inulanolide A and MA242 were solved. These inhibitors primarily bind in a hydrophobic site centered at the sidechain of Tyr489 at the C-terminus of MDM2 RING domain. The C-terminus of MDM2 RING domain, especially residue Tyr489, is required for ubiquitin discharge induced by MDM2. The binding of these inhibitors at Tyr489 may interrupt interactions between the MDM2 RING domain and the E2-Ubiquitin complex to inhibit ubiquitin transfer, regardless of what the substrate is. Our results suggest a new mechanism of inhibition of MDM2 E3 activity for a broad spectrum of substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Ross Terrell
- Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Sijia Tang
- Institute for Biomedical SciencesGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Oluwafoyinsola Omobodunde Faniyi
- Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - In Ho Jeong
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jun Yin
- Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Sadanandan E. Velu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Drug Discovery InstituteUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Drug Discovery InstituteUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ming Luo
- Center for Diagnostics and TherapeuticsGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dey DK, Kang JI, Bajpai VK, Kim K, Lee H, Sonwal S, Simal-Gandara J, Xiao J, Ali S, Huh YS, Han YK, Shukla S. Mycotoxins in food and feed: toxicity, preventive challenges, and advanced detection techniques for associated diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8489-8510. [PMID: 35445609 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2059650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are produced primarily as secondary fungal metabolites. Mycotoxins are toxic in nature and naturally produced by various species of fungi, which usually contaminate food and feed ingredients. The growth of these harmful fungi depends on several environmental factors, such as pH, humidity, and temperature; therefore, the mycotoxin distribution also varies among global geographical areas. Various rules and regulations regarding mycotoxins are imposed by the government bodies of each country, which are responsible for addressing global food and health security concerns. Despite this legislation, the incidence of mycotoxin contamination is continuously increasing. In this review, we discuss the geographical regulatory guidelines and recommendations that are implemented around the world to control mycotoxin contamination of food and feed products. Researchers and inventors from various parts of the world have reported several innovations for controlling mycotoxin-associated health consequences. Unfortunately, most of these techniques are restricted to laboratory scales and cannot reach users. Consequently, to date, no single device has been commercialized that can detect all mycotoxins that are naturally available in the environment. Therefore, in this study, we describe severe health hazards that are associated with mycotoxin exposure, their molecular signaling pathways and processes of toxicity, and their genotoxic and cytotoxic effects toward humans and animals. We also discuss recent developments in the construction of a sensitive and specific device that effectively implements mycotoxin identification and detection methods. In addition, our study comprehensively examines the recent advancements in the field for mitigating the health consequences and links them with the molecular and signaling pathways that are activated upon mycotoxin exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ji In Kang
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoomin Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonam Sonwal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shruti Shukla
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Zhang Y, Qiu L, Zhang S, Meng Y, Huang C, Chen Z, Zhang B, Han J. Uncovering N4-Acetylcytidine-Related mRNA Modification Pattern and Landscape of Stemness and Immunity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:861000. [PMID: 35493106 PMCID: PMC9046676 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.861000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is an ancient and conserved RNA modification. Previously, ac4C mRNA modification has been reported promoting proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells. However, it remains unclear whether and how ac4C-related mRNA modification patterns influencing the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Hereby, we constructed an ac4Cscore model and classified patients into two groups and investigated the potential intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of tumor. The ac4Cscore model, including COL15A1, G6PD and TP53I3, represented ac4C-related mRNA modification patterns in HCC. According to ac4Cscore, patients were stratified to high and low groups with distinct prognosis. Patients subject to high group was related to advanced tumor stage, higher TP53 mutation rate, higher tumor stemness, more activated pathways in DNA-repair system, lower stromal score, higher immune score and higher infiltrating of T cells regulatory. While patients attributed to low group were correlated with abundance of T cells CD4 memory, less aggressive immune subtype and durable therapy benefit. We also found ac4Cscore as a novel marker to predict patients’ prognosis with anti-PD1 immunotherapy and/or mTOR inhibitor treatment. Our study for the first time showed the association between ac4C-related mRNA modification patterns and tumor intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics, thus influencing the prognosis of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Liu
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaguang Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Meng
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Research Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics and Genomics, Department of General Surgery, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Junhong Han,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Targets and Potential Mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis in Treatment of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:8762717. [PMID: 35190740 PMCID: PMC8858046 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8762717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the target and potential mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) in the treatment of HCC based on bioinformatics, so as to provide suggestions for the diagnosis, treatment, and drug development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods The regulated gene targets of SB were screened by gene expression pattern clustering and differential analysis of gene expression data of HepG2 cells treated with SB at 0 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. The module genes related to HCC were identified by the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). KEGG and GO enrichment were used to analyze the molecular function and structure of the module, and GSEA was used to evaluate the different functional pathways between normal people and patients with HCC. Then, the module gene was used for univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis to build a prognostic model. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was used to analyze the core genes regulated by SB (CGRSB) of the module, and the survival curve revealed the CGRSB impact on patient survival. The CIBERSORT algorithm combined with correlation analysis to explore the relationship between CGRSB and immune infiltration. Finally, the single-cell sequencing technique was used to analyze the distribution of CGRSB at the cellular level. Results SB could regulate 903 genes, of which 234 were related to the occurrence of HCC. The prognosis model constructed by these genes has a good effect in evaluating the survival of patients. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis showed that the regulation of SB on HCC mainly focused on some cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune-related functions. GSEA enrichment analysis showed that these functions are related to the occurrence of HCC. A total of 24 CGRSB were obtained after screening, of which 13 were significantly related to survival, and most of them were unfavorable factors for patient survival. The correlation analysis of gene expression showed that most of CGRSB was significantly correlated with T cells, macrophages, and other functions. The results of single-cell analysis showed that the distribution of CGRSB in macrophages was the most. Conclusion SB has high credibility in the treatment of HCC, such as CDK2, AURKB, RRM2, CENPE, ESR1, and PRIM2. These targets can be used as potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. The research also shows that the p53 signal pathway, MAPK signal pathway, apoptosis pathway, T cell receptor pathway, and macrophage-mediated tumor immunity play the most important role in the mechanism of SB in treating HCC.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hao J, Peng Q, Wang K, Yu G, Pan Y, Du X, Hu N, Zhang X, Qin Y, Li H. Antitumor Effect of Lenvatinib Combined with Alisertib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeting the DNA Damage Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6613439. [PMID: 34337035 PMCID: PMC8324353 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
METHODS Immunohistochemical staining, sequencing, and genetic analysis of liver cancer tissues were performed. The antitumor efficacy of single-agent or combination treatment was measured by cell counting kit-8 assay and colony formation assays. Their antiproliferative and apoptosis activity is evaluated by cell cycle analyses and wound healing assays. The DNA-related proteins were also measured by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. The HepG2 xenograft model was used to detect the effects of lenvatinib-alisertib on the antitumor activity. RESULTS AURKA was found to be upregulated in HCC tissues (77.3%, 17/22). Combined alisertib and lenvatinib treatment significantly enhanced the inhibition of proliferation and migration in HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines compared to single-agent treatments (all Ps < 0.01). Alisertib alone or in combination with lenvatinib demonstrated a significant increase in the percentage of super-G2 cells (lenvatinib 1 μM vs. lenvatinib 1 μM + alisertib 0.1 μM 8.84 ± 0.84 vs. 34.0 ± 1.54, P < 0.001). Discontinuous spindles and missegregated chromosomes in HCC cells treated with alisertib in combination with lenvatinib were observed. We further revealed that combined treatment inhibited the expression of DNA damage pathway proteins compared to those of single-agent treatments. In nude mice, combined administration of alisertib combined with lenvatinib significantly enhanced the suppression of tumor growth and induced apoptosis (all Ps < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for the possible use of alisertib in combination with lenvatinib in the treatment of HCC for better therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Hao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qizhen Peng
- Department of Radiology, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Dongguan, 523000 Guangdong, China
| | - Keruo Wang
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ge Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Department of Radiology Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huikai Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300070, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dzobo K. The Role of Viruses in Carcinogenesis and Molecular Targeting: From Infection to Being a Component of the Tumor Microenvironment. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:358-371. [PMID: 34037476 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
About a tenth of all cancers are caused by viruses or associated with viral infection. Recent global events including the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic means that human encounter with viruses is increased. Cancer development in individuals with viral infection can take many years after infection, demonstrating that the involvement of viruses in cancer development is a long and complex process. This complexity emanates from individual genetic heterogeneity and the many steps involved in cancer development owing to viruses. The process of tumorigenesis is driven by the complex interaction between several viral factors and host factors leading to the creation of a tumor microenvironment (TME) that is ideal and promotes tumor formation. Viruses associated with human cancers ensure their survival and proliferation through activation of several cellular processes including inflammation, migration, and invasion, resistance to apoptosis and growth suppressors. In addition, most human oncoviruses evade immune detection and can activate signaling cascades including the PI3K-Akt-mTOR, Notch and Wnt pathways associated with enhanced proliferation and angiogenesis. This expert review examines and synthesizes the multiple biological factors related to oncoviruses, and the signaling cascades activated by these viruses contributing to viral oncogenesis. In particular, I examine and review the Epstein-Barr virus, human papillomaviruses, and Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus in a context of cancer pathogenesis. I conclude with a future outlook on therapeutic targeting of the viruses and their associated oncogenic pathways within the TME. These anticancer strategies can be in the form of, but not limited to, antibodies and inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pan F, Lin XR, Hao LP, Chu XY, Wan HJ, Wang R. The Role of RNA Methyltransferase METTL3 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results and Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674919. [PMID: 34046411 PMCID: PMC8144501 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 6th most prevalent cancer and the 4th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Mechanisms explaining the carcinogenesis of HCC are not clear yet. In recent years, rapid development of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification provides a fresh approach to disclosing this mystery. As the most prevalent mRNA modification in eukaryotes, m6A modification is capable to post-transcriptionally affect RNA splicing, stability, and translation, thus participating in a variety of biological and pathological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor invasion and metastasis. METTL3 has been recognized as a pivotal methyltransferase and essential to the performance of m6A modification. METTL3 can regulate RNA expression in a m6A-dependent manner and contribute to the carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and drug resistance of HCC. In the present review, we are going to make a clear summary of the known roles of METTL3 in HCC, and explicitly narrate the potential mechanisms for these roles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Rong Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Ping Hao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Qu J, Lu W, Chen M, Gao W, Zhang C, Guo B, Yang J. Combined effect of recombinant human adenovirus p53 and curcumin in the treatment of liver cancer. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:18. [PMID: 32934683 PMCID: PMC7471865 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective therapeutic intervention for liver cancer is a worldwide challenge that remains to be adequately addressed. Of note, TP53, which encodes the p53 protein, is an important tumor suppressor gene, 61% of TP53 is functionally inactivated in liver cancer. Recombinant human adenovirus p53 (rAd-p53) is the first commercial product that has been used for gene therapy. In the present study, the combined mechanistic effects of rAd-p53 and curcumin, a naturally occurring compound with previously reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer properties, were assessed in liver cancer cells, using HepG2 cells as the model cell line. The administration of either curcumin or rAd-p53 promoted apoptosis, suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and blocked G2/M phase progression in HepG2 cells, which were potentiated further when both agents were applied together. Combined rAd-p53 and curcumin treatment resulted in higher p53 (P<0.01) and p21 (P<0.01) expression compared with rAd-p53 or curcumin were added alone, suggesting an additive effect on TP53 expression. Additionally, curcumin and rAd-p53 were demonstrated to regulate the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK. These results indicated that the combination of rAd-p53 with curcumin synergistically potentiates apoptosis and inhibit EMT compared with either rAd-p53 or curcumin treatment alone via the regulation of TP53 regulation. Mechanistically, this effect on TP53 expression may involve the ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK signaling pathways. The current study provides new insights that can potentially advance the development of therapeutic strategies for liver cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Cancer Hospital, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Hepatopathy and Hepatic Oncology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Hepatopathy and Hepatic Oncology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Hepatopathy and Hepatic Oncology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin 300100, P.R. China
| | - Bin Guo
- College of Acu-moxibustion and Massage, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Jizhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chentangzhuang Street Health Service Center, Tianjin 300222, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
An N, Liu T, Zhu B, Yang Y, Yan X, Cao M, Chen Y, Liu R, Xia P, Liu C, Du J, Gao F, Yuan H, Liu H, Cai J. A bidirectional effect of Rac1 inhibition-Protects radiation-induced intestinal injury while inhibits tumor. Life Sci 2019; 240:117105. [PMID: 31786196 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether Rac1 inhibition can alleviate radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII), meanwhile exist no protection on tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rac1 inhibition was achieved by its specific inhibitor, NSC23766. Mice were pretreated with different intraperitoneal injections, which were normal saline for NS group (N = 9), and 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg of NSC23766 for Low-Dose group (N = 9) and High-Dose group (N = 9), respectively. After total body irritation (10Gy), small intestinal tissues were collected for Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining and Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Mediated dUTP Nick End Labeling (TUNEL). Intestinal epithelial and tumor cell lines, namely MODE-k and CT-26, were used to further study the role of Rac1 inhibition on radiation damage. Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in reactive oxygen species production, cell cycles and mitochondrial membrane potential, the latter was also checked by fluorescence microscope. Changes of protein-expression associated with apoptosis and cell cycles were detected by Western blotting to explain the possible molecular mechanism. KEY FINDINGS Height of intestine villi and depth of crypt were higher (P < 0.01) and apoptosis ratio lower (P < 0.01) in High-Dose group compared with those in NS group. After radiation, Rac1 inhibition pre-treatment improved the vitality (P < 0.01) and reduced the apoptosis (P < 0.01) in MODE-k while yielded opposite results in CT-26, and reduced ROS production of MODE-k (P < 0.01) while had little effect on that of CT-26. Rac1 inhibition differently affected the cell cycles of normal cells and that of tumor cells. SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of Rac1 could alleviate RIII, meanwhile assist the killing effect of radiation on tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni An
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoliang Zhu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Xiangyin Road, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodi Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Cao
- The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruling Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Penglin Xia
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jicong Du
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Gao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianming Cai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Benkerroum N. Retrospective and Prospective Look at Aflatoxin Research and Development from a Practical Standpoint. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3633. [PMID: 31569703 PMCID: PMC6801849 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the array of structurally and toxicologically diverse mycotoxins, aflatoxins have attracted the most interest of scientific research due to their high toxicity and incidence in foods and feeds. Despite the undeniable progress made in various aspects related to aflatoxins, the ultimate goal consisting of reducing the associated public health risks worldwide is far from being reached due to multiplicity of social, political, economic, geographic, climatic, and development factors. However, a reasonable degree of health protection is attained in industrialized countries owing to their scientific, administrative, and financial capacities allowing them to use high-tech agricultural management systems. Less fortunate situations exist in equatorial and sub-equatorial developing countries mainly practicing traditional agriculture managed by smallholders for subsistence, and where the climate is suitable for mould growth and aflatoxin production. This situation worsens due to climatic change producing conditions increasingly suitable for aflatoxigenic mould growth and toxin production. Accordingly, it is difficult to harmonize the regulatory standards of aflatoxins worldwide, which prevents agri-foods of developing countries from accessing the markets of industrialized countries. To tackle the multi-faceted aflatoxin problem, actions should be taken collectively by the international community involving scientific research, technological and social development, environment protection, awareness promotion, etc. International cooperation should foster technology transfer and exchange of pertinent technical information. This review presents the main historical discoveries leading to our present knowledge on aflatoxins and the challenges that should be addressed presently and in the future at various levels to ensure higher health protection for everybody. In short, it aims to elucidate where we come from and where we should go in terms of aflatoxin research/development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noreddine Benkerroum
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald-Stewart Building, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liao X, Yu T, Yang C, Huang K, Wang X, Han C, Huang R, Liu X, Yu L, Zhu G, Su H, Qin W, Deng J, Zeng X, Han B, Han Q, Liu Z, Zhou X, Liu J, Gong Y, Liu Z, Huang J, Lu L, Ye X, Peng T. Comprehensive investigation of key biomarkers and pathways in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:5689-5704. [PMID: 31737106 PMCID: PMC6843875 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our study is aim to explore potential key biomarkers and pathways in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using genome-wide expression profile dataset and methods. Methods: Dataset from the GSE14520 is used as the training cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset as the validation cohort. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screening were performed by the limma package. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), gene ontology, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, and risk score model were used for pathway and genes identification. Results: GSEA revealed that several pathways and biological processes are associated with hepatocarcinogenesis, such as the cell cycle, DNA repair, and p53 pathway. A total of 160 DEGs were identified. The enriched functions and pathways of the DEGs included toxic substance decomposition and metabolism processes, and the P450 and p53 pathways. Eleven of the DEGs were identified as hub DEGs in the WGCNA. In survival analysis of hub DEGs, high expression of PRC1 and TOP2A were significantly associated with poor clinical outcome of HBV-related HCC, and shown a good performance in HBV-related HCC diagnosis. The prognostic signature consisting of PRC1 and TOP2A also doing well in the prediction of HBV-related HCC prognosis. The diagnostic and prognostic values of PRC1 and TOP2A was confirmed in TCGA HCC patients. Conclusions: Key biomarkers and pathways identified in the present study may enhance the comprehend of the molecular mechanisms underlying hepatocarcinogenesis. Additionally, mRNA expression of PRC1 and TOP2A may serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for HBV-related HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkun Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Yulin, 537000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianmin Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanfa Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqian Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhen Gong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Evidence-based Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.,Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-171 21, Sweden
| | - Jianlv Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530031, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang W, Hu B, Qin JJ, Cheng JW, Li X, Rajaei M, Fan J, Yang XR, Zhang R. A novel inhibitor of MDM2 oncogene blocks metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma and overcomes chemoresistance. Genes Dis 2019; 6:419-430. [PMID: 31832522 PMCID: PMC6889017 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the MDM2 oncogene and mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor commonly occur in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and are associated with increased mortality due to this disease. Inhibiting MDM2 has been demonstrated to be a valid approach for the treatment of HCC. However, most of the MDM2 inhibitors evaluated to date have been designed to block the MDM2 and p53 binding, and have limited efficacy against tumors with mutant or deficient p53. In the present study, we developed a novel MDM2 inhibitor (termed SP141) that has direct effects on MDM2 and exerts anti-HCC activity independent of the p53 status of the cancer cells. We demonstrate that SP141 inhibits cell growth and prevents cell migration and invasion, independent of p53. Mechanistically, SP141 directly binds the MDM2 protein and promotes MDM2 degradation. The inhibition of MDM2 by SP141 also increases the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib. In addition, in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft models, SP141 inhibits MDM2 expression and suppresses tumor growth and metastasis, without any host toxicity. Furthermore, the inhibition of MDM2 by SP141 is essential for its anti-HCC activities. These results provide support for the further development of SP141 as a lead candidate for the treatment of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX, 77204, USA. Fax: +713 743 1229.
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jian-Wen Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Mehrdad Rajaei
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Corresponding author. Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Rd., Houston, TX, 77204, USA. Fax: +713 743 1229.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang W, Cheng JW, Qin JJ, Hu B, Li X, Nijampatnam B, Velu SE, Fan J, Yang XR, Zhang R. MDM2-NFAT1 dual inhibitor, MA242: Effective against hepatocellular carcinoma, independent of p53. Cancer Lett 2019; 459:156-167. [PMID: 31181320 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.114429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of the MDM2 oncoprotein frequently occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Small molecules that inhibit MDM2-p53 binding show efficacy against p53 wild-type HCC, but most patients have p53-mutant tumors and intrinsic resistance to such MDM2 inhibitors. We have recently discovered that the NFAT1 transcription factor upregulates MDM2 expression, but the role of NFAT1 in HCC is not fully understood. The present study was designed to develop a dual-targeting (MDM2 and NFAT1) strategy for the treatment of HCC. We herein demonstrate that high expression levels of NFAT1 and MDM2 are independent predictors of a poor prognosis in patients with HCC. We have also identified a MDM2 and NFAT1 dual inhibitor (termed MA242) that induces MDM2 auto-ubiquitination and degradation and represses NFAT1-mediated MDM2 transcription. MA242 profoundly inhibits the growth and metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo, independent of p53. The present efficacy and mechanistic studies provide proof-of-principle data to support the therapeutic value of this dual targeting strategy in future drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA; Drug Discovery Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| | - Jian-Wen Cheng
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Bhavitavya Nijampatnam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sadanandan E Velu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Rong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA; Drug Discovery Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jia Y, Ji P, French B, Tillman B, French SW. The different expression of tumor suppressors, RASSF1A, RUNX3, and GSTP1, in patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) vs non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 108:156-163. [PMID: 30951700 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes up to one million deaths annually. Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are becoming the two major risk factors because both may develop liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) if left untreated. However, compared with 3-10% of patients with ASH may progress to HCC annually, about only 0.5% NASH patients may progress to HCC annually. The present study is to clarify the protein expression differences of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) between ASH and NASH. In liver biopsied specimens from NASH and ASH patients, using an immunofluorescence method and morphometrically quantitating the fluorescence intensity, we studied the protein expression within hepatocytes cytoplasm of candidate TSGs including RUNX3, GSTP1, and RASSF1A. Compared with the control group of patients, the expression levels of all three proteins were upregulated in the ASH group of patients (p < .001 in all molecules). While RUNX3 was upregulated, GSTP1 and RASSF1 did not change in the NASH group of patients. The most important finding is that compared with the ASH group of patients, the expression levels of all three TSG proteins, RUNX3, GSTP1, and RASSF1, were significantly lower in the NASH group of patients (p < .001 in all three molecules). These results confirmed our previous finding that there are significant differences of many molecules including TSGs that changed in NASH compared to ASH. Thus, we conclude that there are significantly different TSGs and pathways involved during the pathogenesis of HCC development in NASH compared to ASH that may help to develop different strategies for prevention and treatment of NASH and ASH patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jia
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90502, United States
| | - Ping Ji
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90502, United States
| | - Barbara French
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90502, United States
| | - Brittany Tillman
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90502, United States
| | - Samuel W French
- Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Torrance, CA 90502, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang H, Liao P, Zeng SX, Lu H. It takes a team: a gain-of-function story of p53-R249S. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:277-283. [PMID: 30608603 PMCID: PMC6487778 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function (GOF), the most malicious oncogenic activity of a cancer-promoting protein, is well illustrated to three hotspot p53 mutations at R248, R175, and R273 with distinct molecular mechanisms. Yet, less is known about another hotspot p53 mutant, R249S (p53-R249S). p53-R249S is the sole hotspot mutation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is highly associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Its GOF is suggested by the facts that this mutant is associated with earlier onset of HCC and poorer prognosis of cancer patients and that its overexpression drives HCC proliferation and tumorigenesis. By contrast, simply knocking in this mutant in normal mice did not show apparent GOF activity. Hence, the GOF activity for p53-R249S and its underlying mechanisms have been elusive until recent findings offered some new insights. This review will discuss these findings as well as their clinical significance and implications for the development of a strategy to target multiple molecules as a therapy for p53-R249S-harboring HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huai Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shelya X Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Molecular Mechanisms Driving Progression of Liver Cirrhosis towards Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B and C Infections: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019. [PMID: 30889843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major type of primary liver cancer, also have liver cirrhosis, the severity of which hampers effective treatment for HCC despite recent progress in the efficacy of anticancer drugs for advanced stages of HCC. Here, we review recent knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms of liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC from genetic and epigenomic points of view. Because ~70% of patients with HCC have hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we focused on HBV- and HCV-associated HCC. The literature suggests that genetic and epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs, play a role in liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC, and that HBV- and HCV-encoded proteins appear to be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms, including immune checkpoints and molecular targets of kinase inhibitors, associated with liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC.
Collapse
|
23
|
Molecular Mechanisms Driving Progression of Liver Cirrhosis towards Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B and C Infections: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061358. [PMID: 30889843 PMCID: PMC6470669 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major type of primary liver cancer, also have liver cirrhosis, the severity of which hampers effective treatment for HCC despite recent progress in the efficacy of anticancer drugs for advanced stages of HCC. Here, we review recent knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms of liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC from genetic and epigenomic points of view. Because ~70% of patients with HCC have hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we focused on HBV- and HCV-associated HCC. The literature suggests that genetic and epigenetic factors, such as microRNAs, play a role in liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC, and that HBV- and HCV-encoded proteins appear to be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms, including immune checkpoints and molecular targets of kinase inhibitors, associated with liver cirrhosis and its progression to HCC.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tsou HH, Hu CH, Liu JH, Liu CJ, Lee CH, Liu TY, Wang HT. Acrolein Is Involved in the Synergistic Potential of Cigarette Smoking- and Betel Quid Chewing-Related Human Oral Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:954-962. [PMID: 30842129 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking (CS) and betel quid (BQ) chewing are two known risk factors and have synergistic potential for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in Taiwan. The p53 mutation characteristics in OSCC (G to A or G to T mutations) are similar to that of acrolein-induced DNA damage. Acrolein is a major cigarette-related carcinogen that preferentially causes p53 mutations and inhibits DNA repair function in lung cancer. We hypothesize that acrolein is associated with OSCC carcinogenesis. METHODS A total of 97 patients with OSCC and 230 healthy subjects with CS and/or BQ chewing histories were recruited. Slot blot analysis of Acr-dG adducts, an indicator of acrolein-induced DNA damage in buccal DNA, and LC/MS-MS analysis of 3-HPMA levels, urinary Acr metabolites, were performed. RESULTS Our results showed that the level of Acr-dG adducts in buccal cells was 1.4-fold higher in patients with OSCC than in healthy subjects with CS and/or BQ chewing histories (P < 0.001). In addition, in healthy subjects, CS and BQ chewing were associated with significantly higher levels of 3-HPMA, indicating that CS and BQ chewing promotes acrolein absorption. However, 3-HPMA levels in patients with OSCC were significantly lower than those in healthy subjects, indicating impaired acrolein metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we provide a novel mechanism by which increased acrolein uptake and impaired metabolism may contribute to the synergistic potential of CS and BQ-induced OSCC. IMPACT Elevated acrolein-induced DNA damage (Acr-dG adducts) detected in buccal swabs may serve as an early indicator to identify patients at risk of developing OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Hsing Tsou
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Hu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Hui Liu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yun Liu
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Tsui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rushing BR, Selim MI. Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational exposure, and detoxification methods. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 124:81-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
26
|
Phillips DH. Mutational spectra and mutational signatures: Insights into cancer aetiology and mechanisms of DNA damage and repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 71:6-11. [PMID: 30236628 PMCID: PMC6219445 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reporter gene assays, in which a single mutation from each experiment can contribute to the assembly of a mutation spectrum for an agent, have provided the basis for understanding the mutational processes induced by mutagenic agents and for providing clues to the origins of mutations in human tumours. More recently exome and whole genome sequencing of human tumours has revealed distinct patterns of mutation that could provide additional clues for the causative origins of cancer. This can be tested by examining the mutational signatures induced in experimental systems by putative cancer-causing agents. Such signatures are now being generated in vitro in a number of different mutagen-exposed cellular systems. Results reveal that mutagens induce characteristic mutation signatures that, in some cases, match signatures found in human tumours. Proof of principle has been established with mutational signatures generated by simulated sunlight and aristolochic acid, which match those signatures found in human melanomas and urothelial cancers, respectively. In an analysis of somatic mutations in cancers for which tobacco smoking confers an elevated risk, it was found that smoking is associated with increased mutation burdens of multiple different mutational signatures, which contribute to different extents in different tissues. One of these signatures, mainly found in tissues directly exposed to tobacco smoke, is attributable to misreplication of DNA damage caused by tobacco carcinogens. Others likely reflect indirect activation of DNA editing by APOBEC cytidine deaminases and of an endogenous clock-like mutational process. The results are consistent with the proposition that smoking increases cancer risk by increasing the somatic mutation load although direct evidence for this mechanism is lacking in some cancer types. Thus, next generation sequencing of exomes or whole genomes is providing new insights into processes underlying the causes of human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David H Phillips
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in Partnership with Public Health England, Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang M, Zhang L, Liu Z, Zhou J, Pan Q, Fan J, Zang R, Wang L. AGO1 may influence the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma through TGF-β pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:324. [PMID: 29487329 PMCID: PMC5832432 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AGO1 is a major component of RNA-induced silencing complexes and plays a crucial role in solid tumors. The aim of our study was to investigate AGO1 functions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using small interfering RNA, AGO1 functions were investigated in HCCLM3 cell lines. Cell proliferation, immigration, and invasion significantly decreased after AGO1 depletion using MTT, wound-healing, and transwell assay. The associated proteins in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the activation of its signal pathways were measured using western blot. After AGO1 depleted, increased E-cadherin and decreased N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, and Zeb1 were founded. In its upstream pathway, the phosphorylation of ERK1/2(Thr202/Tyr204), Smad2(S425/250/255), and Smad4 were significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, inhibitor of ERK1/2(LY3214996) significantly inhibited the growth and migration of the AGO1 cells. The nuclear importing of Smad4 was blocked and furthermore, the transcription of Snail was also influenced for the decrease of combination between Smad4 and the promotor region of Snail. After Snail was overexpressed, the invasion of HCCLM3 cells was significantly rescued. Immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays consisting of 200 HCC patients was used to analyze the associations between AGO1 expression and prognosis. Intratumoral AGO1 expression was an independent risk factor for overall survival (P = 0.008) and recurrence-free survival (P < 0.001). In conclusion, AGO1 may promote HCC metastasis through TGF-β pathway, and AGO1 may be a reliable prognostic factor in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Lyu Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyang Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Liver Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongyu Zang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Han B, Shin HJ, Bak IS, Bak Y, Jeong YL, Kwon T, Park YH, Sun HN, Kim CH, Yu DY. Peroxiredoxin I is important for cancer-cell survival in Ras-induced hepatic tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68044-68056. [PMID: 27517622 PMCID: PMC5356538 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin I (Prx I), an antioxidant enzyme, has multiple functions in human cancer. However, the role of Prx I in hepatic tumorigenesis has not been characterized. Here we investigated the relevance and underlying mechanism of Prx I in hepatic tumorigenesis. Prx I increased in tumors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients that aligned with overexpression of oncogenic H-ras. Prx I also increased in H-rasG12V transfected HCC cells and liver tumors of H-rasG12V transgenic (Tg) mice, indicating that Prx I may be involved in Ras-induced hepatic tumorigenesis. When Prx I was knocked down or deleted in HCC-H-rasG12V cells or H-rasG12V Tg mice, cell colony or tumor formation was significantly reduced that was associated with downregulation of pERK pathway as well as increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced DNA damage and cell death. Overexpressing Prx I markedly increased Ras downstream pERK/FoxM1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibited oxidative damage in HCC cells and H-rasG12V Tg mice. In this study, we found Nrf2 was transcriptionally activated by FoxM1, and Prx I was activated by the H-rasG12V/pERK/FoxM1/Nrf2 pathway and suppressed ROS-induced hepatic cancer-cell death along with formation of a positive feedback loop with Ras/ERK/FoxM1/Nrf2 to promote hepatic tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea.,Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Hye-Jun Shin
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - In Seon Bak
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea.,Department of Toxicology Evaluation, Graduate School of Preclinical Laboratory Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, 363-700, Korea
| | - Yesol Bak
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Ye-Lin Jeong
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea.,Department of Animal Biosystem Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Moore MM, Schoeny RS, Becker RA, White K, Pottenger LH. Development of an adverse outcome pathway for chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma: case study of AFB1, a human carcinogen with a mutagenic mode of action. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:312-337. [PMID: 29431554 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2017.1423462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are frameworks starting with a molecular initiating event (MIE), followed by key events (KEs) linked by KE relationships (KERs), ultimately resulting in a specific adverse outcome. Relevant data for the pathway and each KE/KER are evaluated to assess biological plausibility, weight-of-evidence, and confidence. We aimed to describe an AOP relevant to chemicals directly inducing mutation in cancer critical gene(s), via the formation of chemical-specific pro-mutagenic DNA adduct(s), as an early critical step in tumor etiology. Such chemicals have mutagenic modes-of-action (MOA) for tumor induction. To assist with developing this AOP, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was selected as a case study because it has a rich database and is considered to have a mutagenic MOA. AFB1 information was used to define specific KEs, KERs, and to inform development of a generic AOP for mutagen-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In assessing the AFB1 information, it became clear that existing data are, in fact, not optimal and for some KEs/KERs, the definitive data are not available. In particular, while there is substantial information that AFB1 can induce mutations (based on a number of mutation assays), the definitive evidence - the ability to induce mutation in the cancer critical gene(s) in the tumor target tissue - is not available. Thus, it is necessary to consider the patterns of results in the weight-of-evidence for KEs and KERs. It was important to determine whether there was sufficient evidence that AFB1 can induce the necessary critical mutations early in the carcinogenic process, which was the case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Moore
- a Ramboll Environ US Corporation , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liao P, Zeng SX, Zhou X, Chen T, Zhou F, Cao B, Jung JH, Del Sal G, Luo S, Lu H. Mutant p53 Gains Its Function via c-Myc Activation upon CDK4 Phosphorylation at Serine 249 and Consequent PIN1 Binding. Mol Cell 2017; 68:1134-1146.e6. [PMID: 29225033 PMCID: PMC6204219 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TP53 missense mutations significantly influence the development and progression of various human cancers via their gain of new functions (GOF) through different mechanisms. Here we report a unique mechanism underlying the GOF of p53-R249S (p53-RS), a p53 mutant frequently detected in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is highly related to hepatitis B infection and aflatoxin B1. A CDK inhibitor blocks p53-RS's nuclear translocation in HCC, whereas CDK4 interacts with p53-RS in the G1/S phase of the cells, phosphorylates it, and enhances its nuclear localization. This is coupled with binding of a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1 (PIN1) to p53-RS, but not the p53 form with mutations of four serines/threonines previously shown to be crucial for PIN1 binding. As a result, p53-RS interacts with c-Myc and enhances c-Myc-dependent rDNA transcription key for ribosomal biogenesis. These results unveil a CDK4-PIN1-p53-RS-c-Myc pathway as a novel mechanism for the GOF of p53-RS in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shelya X Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tianjian Chen
- Haywood Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Fen Zhou
- Center for Experimental Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano and Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Xiang X, Qin HG, You XM, Wang YY, Qi LN, Ma L, Xiang BD, Zhong JH, Li LQ. Expression of P62 in hepatocellular carcinoma involving hepatitis B virus infection and aflatoxin B1 exposure. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2357-2369. [PMID: 28941211 PMCID: PMC5633547 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the relationship and mechanism between expression of autophagy‐related protein P62 and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involving chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure. HCC patients who underwent resection were divided into three groups: HBV(+)/AFB1(+) (n = 26), HBV(+)/AFB1(−) (n = 68), and HBV(−)/AFB1(−) (n = 14). The groups were compared in terms of mRNA and protein levels of P62, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) and the expression of NRF2, Nqo1, and AKR7A3 in P62 high‐expression and low‐expression group. HBV(+)/AFB1(+) group has lower DFS and OS, and higher P62 expression than in the other two groups. P62 expression generally correlated with elevated NRF2 and Nqo1 expression, and reduced AKR7A3 expression. Patients expressing high levels of P62 showed significantly lower DFS and OS rates than patients expressing low levels. HCC involving HBV infection and AFB1 exposure is associated with relatively high risk of tumor recurrence, and this poor prognosis may relate to high P62 expression. High P62 expression activates the NRF2 pathway, promotes tumor recurrence. The downregulation of AKR7A3 also reduced liver detoxification of aflatoxin B1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hong-Gui Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xue-Mei You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yan-Yan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lu-Nan Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bang-De Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhu G, Liao X, Han C, Liu X, Yu L, Qin W, Lu S, Su H, Chen Z, Liu Z, Liang Y, Huang J, Yu T, Yang C, Huang K, Shang L, Ye X, Li L, Qin X, Xiao K, Peng M, Peng T. ALDH1L1 variant rs2276724 and mRNA expression predict post-operative clinical outcomes and are associated with TP53 expression in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1451-1463. [PMID: 28714006 PMCID: PMC5549030 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1 (ALDH1L1) is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors, and its decreased expression is associated with the poor prognosis of HCC patients. We, therefore, evaluated the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ALDH1L1, and its mRNA expression on the survival of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC patients and the association with tumor protein p53 (TP53) expression. ALDH1L1 SNPs in 415 HBV-related HCC patients were genotyped via direct sequencing. Expression profile chip datasets and survival information were obtained from GSE14520. The C allele (CT/CC) carriers of rs2276724 were significantly associated with a favorable prognosis [adjusted P=0.040; adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=0.725; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.533–0.986]. Joint-effect analyses suggested that the CT/CC genotype of rs2276724 in TP53-negative patients was significantly associated with a decreased risk of death, compared to the TT genotype of rs2276724 in TP53-positive patients (adjusted P=0.037; adjusted HR=0.621; 95% CI=0.396–0.973). Furthermore, low expression of ALDH1L1 predicted a poor prognosis for the HBV-related HCC patients (adjusted P=0.04 for disease-free survival; adjusted P=0.001 for overall survival). Patients with high ALDH1L1 expression and low TP53 expression were significantly associated with a decreased risk of recurrence and death, and patients with a high TP53 expression were also significantly associated with a decreased risk of death in HBV-related HCC, compared with low ALDH1L1 and low TP53 expression. Our results suggest that ALDH1L1 may be a biomarker for predicting postoperative clinical outcomes. Moreover, ALDH1L1-rs2276724 and mRNA expression were associated with TP53 expression in HBV-related HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiwen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chuangye Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Sicong Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jianlu Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530031, P.R. China
| | - Tingdong Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Chengkun Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ketuan Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Liming Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xinping Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyin Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Minhao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li H, Zhang X, Wang W. ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF 5, 7-DIMETHOXYFLAVONE AGAINST LIVER CANCER CELL LINE HEPG2 INVOLVES APOPTOSIS, ROS GENERATION AND CELL CYCLE ARREST. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017. [PMID: 28638884 PMCID: PMC5471468 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i4.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoids are considered potential anticancer agents owing to their properties to interact with a diversity of cellular entities. Among flavonoids, methylated flavones are more efficient anticancer agents due to their higher stability in vivo. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to evaluate the anticancer effect of methylated natural flavonoid 5, 7-dimethoxyflavone (5, 7-DMF). MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT assay was used to determine the anticancer activity and IC50 of 5, -DMF). Cell viability, cell cycle distribution, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were carried out by flow cytometry. Apoptosis was studied by DAPI staining. RESULTS MTT assay revealed that the molecule reduced the cell viability of HepG2 cancer cells. The IC50 of 5, 7-DMF was found to be 25 µM. Our result indicated that 5, 7-DMF triggered production of ROS and significantly reduced ΔΨm . It also leads to arrest of HepG2 cells in Sub-G1 stage of cell cycle, and ultimately induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, as indicated by DAPI staging. Additionally, 5, 7-DMF also reduced the colony forming potential of the HepG2 cells concentration dependently. CONCLUSION Taken together, we conclude that 5, 7-DMF induces cell death via ROS generation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and, therefore, may prove beneficial in the treatment of liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengping Li
- Department of general surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan university (Hubei General hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of pain treatment, the first people's hospital of xiangyang, xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Weixing Wang
- Department of general surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan university (Hubei General hospital), Wuhan 430060, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Prebiotics: A Novel Approach to Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2017:6238106. [PMID: 28573132 PMCID: PMC5442341 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6238106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the fatal malignancies and is considered as the third leading cause of death. Mutations, genetic modifications, dietary aflatoxins, or impairments in the regulation of oncogenic pathways may bring about liver cancer. An effective barrier against hepatotoxins is offered by gut-liver axis as a change in gut permeability and expanded translocation of lipopolysaccharides triggers the activation of Toll-like receptors which stimulate the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. Prebiotics, nondigestible oligosaccharides, have a pivotal role to play when it comes to inducing an antitumor effect. A healthy gut flora balance is imperative to downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and reducing lipopolysaccharides induced endotoxemia, thus inducing the antitumor effect.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wen X, Lu F, Liu S. Prognostic value of p53 mutation for poor outcome of Asian primary liver cancer patients: evidence from a cohort study and meta-analysis of 988 patients. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:7425-7433. [PMID: 27994473 PMCID: PMC5153317 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s121594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies have investigated the association between gene p53 (p53) mutation and the poor outcome of primary liver cancer (PLC) patients; however, the results remain inconsistent. In the present study, p53 mutation in 60 paired tumor and corresponding nontumor tissues derived from a cohort of 60 PLC patients was systematically analyzed. The results showed that p53 mutation was only an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS), not for recurrence-free survival (RFS), and a meta-analysis was performed to verify this. Online databases were searched up to July 1, 2016. Studies about the association between p53 mutation and the postsurgery survival of PLC patients were collected. A total of 988 patients from eight studies were analyzed; among them, 341 (34.51%) patients had p53 mutation. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 2.03 (1.64, 2.41) and 2.36 (1.31, 3.42) for OS and RFS, respectively. In conclusion, both the cohort study and meta-analysis suggested that the p53 mutation was associated with postsurgery OS in Asian PLC patients. However, the relationship between p53 mutation and recurrence should be confirmed by further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiajie Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou; Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Shuang Liu
- Beijing Artificial Liver Treatment and Training Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lu WJ, Chua MS, So SK. Suppression of ATAD2 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression through activation of p53- and p38-mediated apoptotic signaling. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41722-35. [PMID: 26497681 PMCID: PMC4747184 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATPase family, AAA domain containing 2 (ATAD2) is highly expressed in multiple cancers. We aim to understand the clinical and biological significance of ATAD2 over-expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as a means to validate it as a therapeutic target in HCC. We demonstrated that ATAD2 was over-expressed in HCC patients, where high ATAD2 levels were significantly correlated with aggressive phenotypes such as high AFP levels, advanced tumor stages, and vascular invasion. Using RNA interference, suppression of ATAD2 in HCC cell lines decreased cell viability, migration, and invasion, and induced apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, we identified p53 and p38 as key proteins that mediate apoptosis induced by ATAD2 suppression. In HCC cells, we demonstrated that ATAD2 directly interacted with MKK3/6, which prevented p38 activation and therefore inhibited p38-mediated apoptosis. In vivo, suppression of ATAD2 impaired the growth of HepG2 and Hep3B subcutaneous xenografts, accompanied by enhanced apoptosis and p-p53 and p-p38 levels. Our results validate that ATAD2 is an important negative regulator of apoptosis, and that neutralizing its activity has promising anti-tumor effects in HCC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Lu
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Sze Chua
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samuel K So
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Inokawa Y, Inaoka K, Sonohara F, Hayashi M, Kanda M, Nomoto S. Molecular alterations in the carcinogenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma: Tumor factors and background liver factors. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3662-3668. [PMID: 27900050 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with poor prognosis worldwide, the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis and progression of this disease remain unclear. Several tumor characteristics have previously been demonstrated to be prognostic factors of survival following hepatic resection, or the recurrence of HCC or other types of cancer. Comparisons of normal tissues and HCC tumor tissues have revealed the presence of numerous molecular alterations in HCC, including genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, particularly mutations in certain genes and DNA methylation in the promoter regions of tumor-suppressor genes. A number of studies have previously used array analysis to detect variations in the expression levels of cancer-associated genes and microRNAs, and in DNA methylation. However, an investigation of HCC tumor tissues may not determine the effect of noncancerous liver tissues (background liver) in patients with HCC. As HCC may recur multicentrically following resection, a damaged or chronically diseased HCC background liver may be considered as a pre-cancerous organ. Therefore, the influence of the background liver on HCC requires further study. Detailed studies regarding the background liver may be essential for the improved understanding of the carcinogenesis and progression of this malignancy; however only a few studies have investigated the microenvironment of the HCC background liver. The present review discusses prior molecular studies of hepatocarcinogenesis that focus on HCC and background liver tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikuni Inokawa
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenichi Inaoka
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sonohara
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shuji Nomoto
- Department of Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Matondo RB, Toussaint MJ, Govaert KM, van Vuuren LD, Nantasanti S, Nijkamp MW, Pandit SK, Tooten PC, Koster MH, Holleman K, Schot A, Gu G, Spee B, Roskams T, Rinkes IB, Schotanus B, Kranenburg O, de Bruin A. Surgical resection and radiofrequency ablation initiate cancer in cytokeratin-19+- liver cells deficient for p53 and Rb. Oncotarget 2016; 7:54662-54675. [PMID: 27323406 PMCID: PMC5342371 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The long term prognosis of liver cancer patients remains unsatisfactory because of cancer recurrence after surgical interventions, particularly in patients with viral infections. Since hepatitis B and C viral proteins lead to inactivation of the tumor suppressors p53 and Retinoblastoma (Rb), we hypothesize that surgery in the context of p53/Rb inactivation initiate de novo tumorigenesis. We, therefore, generated transgenic mice with hepatocyte and cholangiocyte/liver progenitor cell (LPC)-specific deletion of p53 and Rb, by interbreeding conditional p53/Rb knockout mice with either Albumin-cre or Cytokeratin-19-cre transgenic mice. We show that liver cancer develops at the necrotic injury site after surgical resection or radiofrequency ablation in p53/Rb deficient livers. Cancer initiation occurs as a result of specific migration, expansion and transformation of cytokeratin-19+-liver (CK-19+) cells. At the injury site migrating CK-19+ cells formed small bile ducts and adjacent cells strongly expressed the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). Isolated cytokeratin-19+ cells deficient for p53/Rb were resistant against hypoxia and TGFβ-mediated growth inhibition. CK-19+ specific deletion of p53/Rb verified that carcinomas at the injury site originates from cholangiocytes or liver progenitor cells. These findings suggest that human liver patients with hepatitis B and C viral infection or with mutations for p53 and Rb are at high risk to develop tumors at the surgical intervention site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramadhan B Matondo
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilda Jm Toussaint
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas M Govaert
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Centre, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luciel D van Vuuren
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sathidpak Nantasanti
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten W Nijkamp
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Centre, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shusil K Pandit
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Cj Tooten
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H Koster
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kaylee Holleman
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Schot
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Program in Developmental Biology and the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tania Roskams
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inne Borel Rinkes
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Centre, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Baukje Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Onno Kranenburg
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Centre, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lamarca A, Mendiola M, Barriuso J. Hepatocellular carcinoma: Exploring the impact of ethnicity on molecular biology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 105:65-72. [PMID: 27372199 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. The high rate of diagnosis in non-curable stages and the lack of novel active treatments make it necessary to review all the possible sources of misleading results in this scenario. The incidence of HCC shows clear geographical variation with higher annual incidence in Asia and Africa than in Western countries; we aimed to review the literature to find if there are different trends in the main activated molecular pathways. Hyperactivation of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) process are more prevalent in the Western population; however, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and Notch pathways seems to be more relevant in Asian population. Whether these variations just reflect the distinct distribution of known causes of HCC or proper ethnical differences remain to be elucidated. Nevertheless, these clearly different patterns are relevant to regional or worldwide clinical trial design. If this information is neglected by sponsors and researchers the rate of failure in HCC trials will not improve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lamarca
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Marta Mendiola
- Cancer Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Research Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Barriuso
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wu CW, Peng ML, Yeh KT, Tsai YY, Chiang CC, Cheng YW. Inactivation of p53 in pterygium influence miR-200a expression resulting in ZEB1/ZEB2 up-regulation and EMT processing. Exp Eye Res 2016; 146:206-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
41
|
Nantasanti S, Toussaint MJM, Youssef SA, Tooten PCJ, de Bruin A. Rb and p53 Liver Functions Are Essential for Xenobiotic Metabolism and Tumor Suppression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150064. [PMID: 26967735 PMCID: PMC4788452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressors Retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 are frequently inactivated in liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) or infections with Hepatitis B or C viruses. Here, we discovered a novel role for Rb and p53 in xenobiotic metabolism, which represent a key function of the liver for metabolizing therapeutic drugs or toxins. We demonstrate that Rb and p53 cooperate to metabolize the xenobiotic 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC). DDC is metabolized mainly by cytochrome P450 (Cyp)3a enzymes resulting in inhibition of heme synthesis and accumulation of protoporphyrin, an intermediate of heme pathway. Protoporphyrin accumulation causes bile injury and ductular reaction. We show that loss of Rb and p53 resulted in reduced Cyp3a expression decreased accumulation of protoporphyrin and consequently less ductular reaction in livers of mice fed with DDC for 3 weeks. These findings provide strong evidence that synergistic functions of Rb and p53 are essential for metabolism of DDC. Because Rb and p53 functions are frequently disabled in liver diseases, our results suggest that liver patients might have altered ability to remove toxins or properly metabolize therapeutic drugs. Strikingly the reduced biliary injury towards the oxidative stress inducer DCC was accompanied by enhanced hepatocellular injury and formation of HCCs in Rb and p53 deficient livers. The increase in hepatocellular injury might be related to reduce protoporphyrin accumulation, because protoporphrin is well known for its anti-oxidative activity. Furthermore our results indicate that Rb and p53 not only function as tumor suppressors in response to carcinogenic injury, but also in response to non-carcinogenic injury such as DDC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sathidpak Nantasanti
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mathilda J M Toussaint
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sameh A Youssef
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C J Tooten
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Longitudinal metabolic imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mouse models identifies acylcarnitine as a potential biomarker for early detection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20299. [PMID: 26831370 PMCID: PMC4735819 DOI: 10.1038/srep20299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cumulative effects of hepatic injury due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1) exposure are the major risk factors of HCC. Understanding early metabolic changes involving these risk factors in an animal model closely resembling human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is critical for biomarker discovery and disease therapeutics. We have used the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) transgenic mouse model that mimics HBV carriers with and without AFB1 treatment. We investigated early metabolic changes from preneoplastic state to HCC by non-invasive longitudinal imaging in three HCC groups of mice: HBsAg + AFB1(Gp-I), AFB1 alone (Gp-II), HBsAg alone (Gp-III) and a control group (wild-type untreated; Gp-IV). For the first time, we have identified acylcarnitine signals in vivo in the liver prior to the histological manifestation of the tumors in all three groups. Acylcarnitine concentration increased with increase in tumor growth in all HCC mouse models, indicating elevated metabolic activity and increased cell turnover. This was confirmed in a pilot study using human serum from HCC patients, which revealed a higher concentration of acylcarnitine compared with normal subjects. Translational clinical studies can be designed to detect acylcarnitine in patients with high risk factors for HCC.
Collapse
|
43
|
Li G, Yuan L, Liu D, Liu J. Upregulation of Leucine Zipper Protein mRNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated With Poor Prognosis. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015; 15:517-22. [PMID: 26031464 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615587432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine zipper protein (LUZP) plays key roles in development. Overexpression of LUZP was documented in several types of solid tumors. In this study, expression of LUZP messenger RNA (LUZP mRNA) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was examined, and the correlations of LUZP mRNA level with patients' characteristics and prognosis were also investigated. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from HCC and paired noncancerous liver tissues of 77 patients. Expression of LUZP mRNA in the tissues was determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Using average LUZP mRNA level in noncancerous liver tissues as the cutoff, patients with HCC were categorized into high-expression group and low-expression group. Correlations of LUZP mRNA with clinical parameters were analyzed. Overall survival of the patients in the 2 groups was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The LUZP mRNA level was significantly higher in HCC samples than in the noncancerous liver tissues (1.87 ± 0.11 vs 0.58 ± 0.05, P < .01). Significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of portal vein invasion, Tumor Lymph Node Metastasis (TNM) stage, and recurrence of HCC. The current study failed to find significant differences between the 2 groups in clinical characteristics such as age, gender, lymph node metastasis, hepatitis B virus infection, family HCC history, and alcohol intake. Overall survival in high-expression group was 12 months while that in the low-expression group was 34 months (P = .03). CONCLUSION The LUZP mRNA is a prognostic indicator in HCC, and overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangbing Li
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Qi LN, Bai T, Chen ZS, Wu FX, Chen YY, De Xiang B, Peng T, Han ZG, Li LQ. The p53 mutation spectrum in hepatocellular carcinoma from Guangxi, China : role of chronic hepatitis B virus infection and aflatoxin B1 exposure. Liver Int 2015; 35:999-1009. [PMID: 24461059 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS p53 is one of the most frequently mutated human tumour suppressor genes. Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induces p53 mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue. The aims of present study are to investigate the p53 mutation spectrum in HBV- and AFB1-related hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Guangxi, China. METHODS Tumour and adjacent liver tissue were collected from 397 HCC patients who were subdivided into HBV(+)/AFB1(+), HBV(+)/AFB1(-), HBV(-)/AFB1(+) and HBV(-)/AFB1(-) four groups. All 11 exons of the p53 gene were PCR-amplified and sequenced. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the effect of mutations on the expression of p53 protein. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS P53 mutations were detected in 223 HCC samples, 13 adjacent liver tissue samples and only 1 of 68 normal liver tissue samples. The mutation sites concentrated at exon 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and no mutation was detected in exon 1, 2, 3, 10 and 11. The most frequently occurring mutation was in codon 249 (R249S) in exon 7. Patients in the HBV(+)/AFB1(+) and HBV(-)/AFB1(+) groups had significantly higher mutation rates compared with patients in the HBV(+)/AFB1(-) and HBV(-)/AFB1(-) groups. P53 mutation status and HBV/AFB1 status were independent predictors of tumour recurrence after surgery. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that p53 gene mutations were correlated with the p53 expression. In Guangxi area, the significant association between AFB1-induced p53 mutations and the expression of p53 protein suggest an important role for p53 mutations in carcinogenesis of HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Nan Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Behfarjam F, Rostamzadeh J, Zarei MA, Nikkhoo B. Association of Two Polymorphic Codons in P53 and ABCC1 Promoter with Prostate Cancer. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 13:49-54. [PMID: 28959281 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In prostate cancer, mutated p53 alleles typically contain missense single-base substitution in codon 72 that resides within exons 5-8. Stable p53 proteins in tumor cell nuclei have been associated with malignancy. A role of p53 is the regulation of drug transporters like ABCC1 (MRP1) by an effect on promoter region. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to identify association of mutations of p53 at codon 72 and 282 and promoter region of ABCC1 with increased risks of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded malignant tissues of 45 patients and 45 control samples were evaluated. PCR-RFLP using BstUI for codon 72 and HpaII restriction enzyme for codon 282 p53 gene, and G-1666A promoter region of ABCC1 gene was performed. To assess the frequency of these mutations and to detect new mutations in cancerous samples, PCR-SSCP analysis was performed. RESULTS The frequencies of CC, GC and GG genotypes of codon 72 of p53 were 33.33%, 46.67% and 20.00% in patients with cancer and 15.56%, 48.89% and 35.55% in controls, respectively. The relative allele frequencies of ABCC1 promoter polymorphism were 60.00% A and 40.00% G in patients as opposed to 37.78% for A and 62.22% for G in controls. Genotypic frequencies of p53 codon 72 and G1666A of ABCC1 in patients vs. Controls were statistically significant(p<0.05). The study of these samples with PCR-SSCP displayed some new banding patterns. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that CC homozygosity in codon 72 of p53 gene and AA genotype in G-1666A of ABCC1 gene may play a role in combination in prostate cancer and increased susceptibility for this malignancy in the Iranian Kurdish population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Behfarjam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jalal Rostamzadeh
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zarei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikkhoo
- Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Science, Sanandaj, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu J, Zhang C, Lin M, Zhu W, Liang Y, Hong X, Zhao Y, Young KH, Hu W, Feng Z. Glutaminase 2 negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT signaling and shows tumor suppression activity in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2635-47. [PMID: 24797434 PMCID: PMC4058033 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 and its signaling pathway play a critical role in tumor prevention. As a direct p53 target gene, the role of glutaminase 2 (GLS2) in tumorigenesis is unclear. In this study, we found that GLS2 expression is significantly decreased in majority of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Restoration of GLS2 expression in HCC cells inhibits the anchorage-independent growth of cells and reduces the growth of HCC xenograft tumors. Interestingly, we found that GLS2 negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT signaling, which is frequently activated in HCC. Blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling in HCC cells largely abolishes the inhibitory effect of GLS2 on the anchorage-independent cell growth and xenograft tumor growth. The GLS2 promoter is hypermethylated in majority of HCC samples. CpG methylation of GLS2 promoter inhibits GLS2 transcription, whereas reducing the methylation of GLS2 promoter induces GLS2 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GLS2 plays an important role in tumor suppression in HCC, and the negative regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling contributes greatly to this function of GLS2. Furthermore, hypermethylation of GLS2 promoter is an important mechanism contributing to the decreased GLS2 expression in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Li SQ, Wang DM, Zhu S, Ma Z, Li RF, Xu ZS, Han HM. The important role of ADAM8 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 34:1053-72. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327114567767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on investigating the concrete role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8) in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mice received anti-ADAM8 monoclonal antibody (mAb) of 100 μg/100 μl, 200 μg/100 μl or 300 μg/100 μl, respectively, in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or PBS intervention during the progression of HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine. The survival rate, body weight, and relative liver weight were determined in the mice. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and α-fetoprotein (AFP) level, hematoxylin–eosin staining, the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase 3 (Casp3), B cell leukemia 2 (Bcl2), B cell leukemia 2-associated X protein (Bax), protein p53 (P53), and ADAM8 were detected in the mice at the end of the 24th week. Our results showed that anti-ADAM8 mAb intervention effectively improved the survival rate, reduced the body weight loss and increased the relative liver weight in mice in a dose-dependent manner ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Anti-ADAM8 mAb intervention also significantly lowered serum AST, ALT, and AFP levels ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), slowed the progression of HCC ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), induced the expression of Casp3, Bax, and P53 ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), and inhibited the expression of VEGF-A, PCNA, and Bcl2 in the liver of mice ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner compared with the mice receiving PBS intervention. Our study suggested that ADAM8 might promote the progression of HCC by regulating the expression of these factors. Anti-ADAM8 mAb intervention might be suitable as a potential method for HCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-Q Li
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - D-M Wang
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - S Zhu
- Department of Microbiology Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, People’s Republic of China
| | - Z Ma
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - R-F Li
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Z-S Xu
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - H-M Han
- The Molecular Medicine Key Laboratory of Liver Injury and Repair, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Phatak VM, Muller PAJ. Metal toxicity and the p53 protein: an intimate relationship. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00117f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between p53, ROS and transition metals.
Collapse
|
49
|
Leroy B, Anderson M, Soussi T. TP53 mutations in human cancer: database reassessment and prospects for the next decade. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:672-88. [PMID: 24665023 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
More than 50% of human tumors carry TP53 gene mutations and in consequence more than 45,000 somatic and germline mutations have been gathered in the UMD TP53 database (http://p53.fr). Analyses of these mutations have been invaluable for bettering our knowledge on the structure-function relationships within the TP53 protein and the high degree of heterogeneity of the various TP53 mutants in human cancer. In this review, we discuss how with the release of the sequences of thousands of tumor genomes issued from high-throughput sequencing, the description of novel TP53 mutants is now reaching a plateau indicating that we are close to the full set of mutants that target the elusive tumor-suppressive activity of this protein. We performed an extensive and thorough analysis of the TP53 mutation database, focusing particularly on specific sets of mutations that were overlooked in the past because of their low frequencies, for example, synonymous mutations, splice mutations, or mutations-targeting residues subject to posttranslational modifications. We also discuss the evolution of the statistical methods used to differentiate TP53 passenger mutations and artifactual data from true mutations, a process vital to the release of an accurate TP53 mutation database that will in turn be an invaluable tool for both clinicians and researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Leroy
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, 75005, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cheung PFY, Yip CW, Ng LWC, Lo KW, Wong N, Choy KW, Chow C, Chan KF, Cheung TT, Poon RTP, Fan ST, Cheung ST. Establishment and characterization of a novel primary hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with metastatic ability in vivo. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:103. [PMID: 25349534 PMCID: PMC4209051 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous disease. HCC cell lines established from different patients would be useful in elucidating the molecular pathogenesis. However, success of HCC primary culture establishment remains at low rate. We aim to establish and characterize HCC primary culture and the derived cell line. Methods Fresh tumor tissues were collected from 30 HCC patients. Culture conditions were optimized for the attachment and growth of the isolated hepatocytes. Granulin-epithelin precursor (GEP), a growth factor reported to associate with cancer stem cell properties, was examined by flow cytometry to elucidate its role on primary culture establishment. The primary cell line was characterized in detail. Results Cells isolated from 16 out of 30 HCC cases (53%) had viability more than 70% and were subject to subsequent in vitro culture. 7 out of 16 cases (44%) could give rise to cells that were able to attach and grow in culture. GEP expression levels significantly correlated with the viability of isolated hepatocytes and success rate of subsequent primary culture establishment. Cells from HCC patient 21 grew and expanded rapidly in vitro and was selected to be further characterized. The line, designated HCC21, derived from a Hong Kong Chinese female patient with HCC at Stage II. The cells exhibited typical epithelial morphology and expressed albumin, AFP and HBV antigens. The cell line was authenticated by short tandem repeat analysis. Comparative genome hybridization analysis revealed chromosomal loss at 1p35-p36, 1q44, 2q11.2-q24.3, 2q37, 4q12-q13.3, 4q21.21-q35.2, 8p12-p23, 15q11.2-q14, 15q24-q26, 16p12.1-p13.3, 16q, 17p, 22q and gain at 1q21-q43 in both HCC21 cells and the original clinical tumor specimen. Sequence analysis revealed p53 gene mutation. Subcutaneous injection of HCC21 cells into immunodeficient mice showed that the cells were able to form tumors at the primary injection sites and metastatic tumors in the peritoneal cavity. Conclusions The newly established cell line could serve as useful in vitro and in vivo models for studying primary HCC that possess metastasis ability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-014-0103-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis Fung-Yi Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Yip
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linda Wing-Chi Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nathalie Wong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chit Chow
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui Fat Chan
- Department of Pathology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tan To Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronnie Tung-Ping Poon
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sheung Tat Fan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Tim Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ; State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|