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Ren S, Tan X, Fu MZ, Ren S, Wu X, Chen T, Latham PS, Lin P, Man YG, Fu SW. Downregulation of miR-375 contributes to ERBB2-mediated VEGFA overexpression in esophageal cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:7138-7146. [PMID: 34729115 PMCID: PMC8558641 DOI: 10.7150/jca.63836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a lethal cancer with an extremely aggressive nature and poor survival rate. However, the molecular mechanisms driving the occurrence and progression of EC are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate the expression of protein-coding genes. miRNA-mediated gene regulation plays an important role in EC. By cross-referencing studies from NCBI, we found that microRNA-375 (miR-375) is one of the most frequently downregulated miRNAs in EC. We assessed expression of miR-375 in EC cell lines and primary EC tissues and their matched normal tissues. We found significant downregulation of miR-375 in both cell lines and EC tissues. Forced expression of miR-375 attenuated EC cell proliferation and invasion. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, ERBB2), a known proto-oncogene, was identified here as one of the potential target genes of miR-375. Ectopic expression of miR-375 significantly suppressed the expression of ERBB2 and subsequently downregulated one of its target genes, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), which is related to cancer invasion and metastasis. These findings suggest that miR-375 acts as a tumor suppressor by blocking the ERBB2/VEGFA pathway with the potential to modulate the occurrence and/ or progression of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Melinda Z Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Shuyang Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Patricia S Latham
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Paul Lin
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- Department of Pathology, Hackensack Meridian Health-Hackensack, University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; the International Union for Difficult to treat Diseases (IUDD), Silver Spring, MD
| | - Sidney W Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
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2
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Tan X, Ren S, Fu MZ, Ren S, Yang C, Wu X, Chen T, Latham PS, Meltzer SJ, Fu SW. microRNA-196b promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis and chemoradioresistance by inhibiting EPHA7, thereby restoring EPHA2 activity. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3594-3610. [PMID: 34354862 PMCID: PMC8332861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is extremely aggressive and has a very poor survival rate. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for 80% of all ECs worldwide, with the majority of the remaining 20% being esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Due to its occult and insidious presentation, ESCC is typically diagnosed and treated in its advanced stages, thereby limiting the success of present therapeutic modalities. microRNAs (miRNAs) can function as tumor suppressors or oncogenes, playing critical roles in cancer initiation and progression by regulating target genes in oncogenic pathways. In the current study, we demonstrated that microRNA-196b (miR-196b) is one of the most upregulated miRNAs in both ESCC and EAC. miR-196b was overexpressed in ESCC and EAC cell lines, cellular exosomal RNAs, and ESCC tissue samples. Functional studies revealed that miR-196b acted as an oncomiR by directly targeting a tumor suppressor, ephrin type-A receptor 7 (EPHA7). EPHA7 abrogates the activity of ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2), a key molecule involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and MAPK/ERK pathways, mediating resistance to UV and chemoradiotherapy in both ESCC and EAC. Taken together, these findings suggest that miR-196b is a strong candidate molecular target for EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington, DC, USA
| | - Shuchang Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington, DC, USA
| | - Melinda Z Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington, DC, USA
| | - Shuyang Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington, DC, USA
| | - Canyuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Medicine, Chengdu Military General HospitalChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Medicine, Chengdu Military General HospitalChengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Patricia S Latham
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen J Meltzer
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sidney W Fu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington, DC, USA
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3
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Svetec Miklenić M, Svetec IK. Palindromes in DNA-A Risk for Genome Stability and Implications in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2840. [PMID: 33799581 PMCID: PMC7999016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A palindrome in DNA consists of two closely spaced or adjacent inverted repeats. Certain palindromes have important biological functions as parts of various cis-acting elements and protein binding sites. However, many palindromes are known as fragile sites in the genome, sites prone to chromosome breakage which can lead to various genetic rearrangements or even cell death. The ability of certain palindromes to initiate genetic recombination lies in their ability to form secondary structures in DNA which can cause replication stalling and double-strand breaks. Given their recombinogenic nature, it is not surprising that palindromes in the human genome are involved in genetic rearrangements in cancer cells as well as other known recurrent translocations and deletions associated with certain syndromes in humans. Here, we bring an overview of current understanding and knowledge on molecular mechanisms of palindrome recombinogenicity and discuss possible implications of DNA palindromes in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, we overview the data on known palindromic sequences in the human genome and efforts to estimate their number and distribution, as well as underlying mechanisms of genetic rearrangements specific palindromic sequences cause.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Krešimir Svetec
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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4
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Dynamically decreased miR-671-5p expression is associated with oncogenic transformation and radiochemoresistance in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:89. [PMID: 31391072 PMCID: PMC6686561 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the molecular alterations associated with breast cancer (BC) progression may lead to more effective strategies for both prevention and management. The current model of BC progression suggests a linear, multistep process from normal epithelial to atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and then invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Up to 20% ADH and 40% DCIS lesions progress to invasive BC if left untreated. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms during BC progression is therefore crucial to prevent over- or under-treatment. Our previous work demonstrated that miR-671-5p serves as a tumor suppressor by targeting Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1)-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in BC. Here, we aim to explore the role of miR-671-5p in the progression of BC oncogenic transformation and treatment. Methods The 21T series cell lines, which were originally derived from the same patient with metastatic BC, including normal epithelia (H16N2), ADH (21PT), primary DCIS (21NT), and cells derived from pleural effusion of lung metastasis (21MT), and human BC specimens were used. Microdissection, miRNA transfection, dual-luciferase, radio- and chemosensitivity, and host-cell reactivation (HCR) assays were performed. Results Expression of miR-671-5p displays a gradual dynamic decrease from ADH, to DCIS, and to IDC. Interestingly, the decreased expression of miR-671-5p detected in ADH coexisted with advanced lesions, such as DCIS and/or IDC (cADH), but not in simple ADH (sADH). Ectopic transfection of miR-671-5p significantly inhibited cell proliferation in 21NT (DCIS) and 21MT (IDC), but not in H16N2 (normal) and 21PT (ADH) cell lines. At the same time, the effect exhibited in time- and dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, miR-671-5p significantly suppressed invasion in 21PT, 21NT, and 21MT cell lines. Furthermore, miR-671-5p suppressed FOXM1-mediated EMT in all 21T cell lines. In addition, miR-671-5p sensitizes these cell lines to UV and chemotherapeutic exposure by reducing the DNA repair capability. Conclusions miR-671-5p displays a dynamic decrease expression during the oncogenic transition of BC by suppressing FOXM1-mediated EMT and DNA repair. Therefore, miR-671-5p may serve as a novel biomarker for early BC detection as well as a therapeutic target for BC management. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1173-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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5
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Tan X, Fu Y, Chen L, Lee W, Lai Y, Rezaei K, Tabbara S, Latham P, Teal CB, Man YG, Siegel RS, Brem RF, Fu SW. miR-671-5p inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by downregulating FOXM1 expression in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:293-307. [PMID: 26588055 PMCID: PMC4807999 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) dysfunction is associated with a variety of human diseases, including cancer. Our previous study showed that miR-671-5p was deregulated throughout breast cancer progression. Here, we report for the first time that miR-671-5p is a tumor-suppressor miRNA in breast tumorigenesis. We found that expression of miR-671-5p was decreased significantly in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) compared to normal in microdissected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1), an oncogenic transcription factor, was predicted as one of the direct targets of miR-671-5p, which was subsequently confirmed by luciferase assays. Forced expression of miR-671-5p in breast cancer cell lines downregulated FOXM1 expression, and attenuated the proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cell lines. Notably, overexpression of miR-671-5p resulted in a shift from epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) phenotypes in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and induced S-phase arrest. Moreover, miR-671-5p sensitized breast cancer cells to cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and epirubicin exposure. Host cell reactivation (HCR) assays showed that miR-671-5p reduces DNA repair capability in post-drug exposed breast cancer cells. cDNA microarray data revealed that differentially expressed genes when miR-671-5p was transfected are associated with cell proliferation, invasion, cell cycle, and EMT. These data indicate that miR-671-5p functions as a tumor suppressor miRNA in breast cancer by directly targeting FOXM1. Hence, miR-671-5p may serve as a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tan
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yebo Fu
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Woojin Lee
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yinglei Lai
- Department of Statistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katayoon Rezaei
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sana Tabbara
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patricia Latham
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Christine B Teal
- Department of Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yan-Gao Man
- Research Lab and International Collaboration, Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Bon Secours Health System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Robert S Siegel
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology/Oncology), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rachel F Brem
- Department of Radiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sidney W Fu
- Department of Medicine (Division of Genomic Medicine), The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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6
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Inagaki H, Kato T, Tsutsumi M, Ouchi Y, Ohye T, Kurahashi H. Palindrome-Mediated Translocations in Humans: A New Mechanistic Model for Gross Chromosomal Rearrangements. Front Genet 2016; 7:125. [PMID: 27462347 PMCID: PMC4940405 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Palindromic DNA sequences, which can form secondary structures, are widely distributed in the human genome. Although the nature of the secondary structure-single-stranded "hairpin" or double-stranded "cruciform"-has been extensively investigated in vitro, the existence of such unusual non-B DNA in vivo remains controversial. Here, we review palindrome-mediated gross chromosomal rearrangements possibly induced by non-B DNA in humans. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have not yet overcome the difficulty of palindromic sequence analysis. However, a dozen palindromic AT-rich repeat (PATRR) sequences have been identified at the breakpoints of recurrent or non-recurrent chromosomal translocations in humans. The breakages always occur at the center of the palindrome. Analyses of polymorphisms within the palindromes indicate that the symmetry and length of the palindrome affect the frequency of the de novo occurrence of these palindrome-mediated translocations, suggesting the involvement of non-B DNA. Indeed, experiments using a plasmid-based model system showed that the formation of non-B DNA is likely the key to palindrome-mediated genomic rearrangements. Some evidence implies a new mechanism that cruciform DNAs may come close together first in nucleus and illegitimately joined. Analysis of PATRR-mediated translocations in humans will provide further understanding of gross chromosomal rearrangements in many organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehito Inagaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoake, Japan; Genome and Transcriptome Analysis Center, Fujita Health UniversityToyoake, Japan
| | - Takema Kato
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University Toyoake, Japan
| | - Makiko Tsutsumi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuya Ouchi
- Genome and Transcriptome Analysis Center, Fujita Health University Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Department of Molecular Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technology, School of Health Science, Fujita Health University Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoake, Japan; Genome and Transcriptome Analysis Center, Fujita Health UniversityToyoake, Japan
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7
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Tan X, Wu X, Ren S, Wang H, Li Z, Alshenawy W, Li W, Cui J, Luo G, Siegel RS, Fu SW, Lu Y. A Point Mutation in DNA Polymerase β (POLB) Gene Is Associated with Increased Progesterone Receptor (PR) Expression and Intraperitoneal Metastasis in Gastric Cancer. J Cancer 2016; 7:1472-80. [PMID: 27471563 PMCID: PMC4964131 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of progesterone receptor (PR) has been reported in gastric cancer (GC). We have previously identified a functional T889C point mutation in DNA polymerase beta (POLB), a DNA repair gene in GC. To provide a detailed analysis of molecular changes associated with the mutation, human cDNA microarrays focusing on 18 signal transduction pathways were used to analyze differential gene expression profiles between GC tissues with T889C mutant in POLB gene and those with wild type. Among the differentially expressed genes, notably, PR was one of the significantly up-regulated genes in T889C mutant POLB tissues, which were subsequently confirmed in POLB gene transfected AGS cell line. Interestingly, patients with T889C mutation and PR positivity were associated with higher incidence of intraperitoneal metastasis (IM). In vitro studies indicate that PR expression was upregulated in AGS cell line when transfected with T889C mutant expression vector. Cotransfection of T889C mutant allele and PR gene induced cell migration in the cell line. These data demonstrated that T889C mutation-associated PR overexpression results in increased IM. Therefore, T889C mutation-associated PR overexpression may serve as a biomarker for an adverse prognosis for human GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tan
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China;; 6. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- 2. Department of Gastroenterology, The Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, China;; 6. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Shuyang Ren
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- 3. Department of Sugary, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- 4. Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Weaam Alshenawy
- 6. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Wenmei Li
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiantao Cui
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Guangbin Luo
- 5. Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Robert S Siegel
- 6. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Sidney W Fu
- 6. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2300 Eye Street, N.W. Ross Hall 402C, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Youyong Lu
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52# Fu-Cheng-Lu, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
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8
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Tan X, Wang H, Luo G, Ren S, Li W, Cui J, Gill HS, Fu SW, Lu Y. Clinical significance of a point mutation in DNA polymerase beta (POLB) gene in gastric cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:144-55. [PMID: 25561897 PMCID: PMC4279090 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of global cancer mortality. Genetic variations in DNA repair genes can modulate DNA repair capability and, consequently, have been associated with risk of developing cancer. We have previously identified a T to C point mutation at nucleotide 889 (T889C) in DNA polymerase beta (POLB) gene, a key enzyme involved in base excision repair in primary GCs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mutation and expression of POLB in a larger cohort and to identify possible prognostic roles of the POLB alterations in GC. Primary GC specimens and their matched normal adjacent tissues were collected at the time of surgery. DNA, RNA and protein samples were isolated from GC specimens and cell lines. Mutations were detected by PCR-RFLP/DHPLC and sequencing analysis. POLB gene expression was examined by RT-PCR, tissue microarray, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays. The function of the mutation was evaluated by chemosensitivity, MTT, Transwell matrigel invasion and host cell reactivation assays. The T889C mutation was detected in 18 (10.17%) of 177 GC patients. And the T889C mutation was associated with POLB overexpression, lymph nodes metastases and poor tumor differentiation. In addition, patients with- the mutation had significantly shorter survival time than those without-, following postoperative chemotherapy. Furthermore, cell lines with T889C mutation in POLB gene were more resistant to the treatment of 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin and epirubicin than those with wild type POLB. Forced expression of POLB gene with T889C mutation resulted in enhanced cell proliferation, invasion and resistance to anticancer drugs, along with increased DNA repair capability. These results suggest that POLB gene with T889C mutation in surgically resected primary gastric tissues may be clinically useful for predicting responsiveness to chemotherapy in patients with GC. The POLB gene alteration may serve as a prognostic biomarker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tan
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education); ; 4. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Hongyi Wang
- 2. Department of Sugary, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, P.R. China
| | - Guangbin Luo
- 3. Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Shuyang Ren
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education)
| | - Wenmei Li
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education)
| | - Jiantao Cui
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education)
| | - Harindarpal S Gill
- 4. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Sidney W Fu
- 4. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Youyong Lu
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education)
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9
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Heller ER, Khan SG, Kuschal C, Tamura D, DiGiovanna JJ, Kraemer KH. Mutations in the TTDN1 gene are associated with a distinct trichothiodystrophy phenotype. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:734-741. [PMID: 25290684 PMCID: PMC4530629 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a rare multisystem disorder, characterized by sulfur deficient hair with alternating dark and light “tiger tail” banding on polarized light microscopy. TTD is caused by mutations in DNA repair/transcription genes XPD, XPB or TTDA, and in TTDN1, a gene of unknown function. While most TTD patients are photosensitive, patients with TTDN1 mutations were reported to be non-photosensitive. We followed a cohort of 36 TTD patients from 2001 to 2013. We describe 5 patients from 4 families with defects in the TTDN1 gene: 4 had no photosensitivity while 1 patient exhibited cutaneous burning. Deep phenotyping of our cohort revealed differences between the patients with and without TTDN1 mutations. Delayed bone age and seizure disorders were overrepresented in the TTDN1 group (p=0.009 and p=0.024, respectively), while some characteristic TTD clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings were absent. The 3 oldest TTDN1 patients displayed autistic behaviors in contrast to the characteristic friendly, socially interactive personality in the other patients. DNA sequencing revealed deletion mutations in TTDN1 ranging in size from a single base pair to over 120kb. These data identify a distinct phenotype relationship in TTD caused by TTDN1 mutations and suggest a different mechanism of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Heller
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Sikandar G Khan
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Christiane Kuschal
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Deborah Tamura
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - John J DiGiovanna
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kenneth H Kraemer
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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10
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Tan X, Peng J, Fu Y, An S, Rezaei K, Tabbara S, Teal CB, Man YG, Brem RF, Fu SW. miR-638 mediated regulation of BRCA1 affects DNA repair and sensitivity to UV and cisplatin in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:435. [PMID: 25228385 PMCID: PMC4303116 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents 15 to 20% of all types of breast cancer; however, it accounts for a large number of metastatic cases and deaths, and there is still no effective treatment. The deregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in breast cancer has been widely reported. We previously identified that miR-638 was one of the most deregulated miRNAs in breast cancer progression. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-638 directly targets BRCA1. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-638 in breast cancer prognosis and treatment. Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer samples were microdissected into normal epithelial and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cells, and total RNA was isolated. Several breast cancer cell lines were used for the functional analysis. miR-638 target genes were identified by TARGETSCAN-VERT 6.2 and miRanda. The expression of miR-638 and its target genes was analyzed by real-time qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to confirm the specificity of miR-638 target genes. The biological function of miR-638 was analyzed by MTT chemosensitivity, matrigel invasion and host cell reactivation assays. Results The expression of miR-638 was decreased in IDC tissue samples compared to their adjacent normal controls. The decreased miR-638 expression was more prevalent in non-TNBC compared with TNBC cases. miR-638 expression was significantly downregulated in breast cancer cell lines compared to the immortalized MCF-10A epithelial cells. BRCA1 was predicted as one of the direct targets of miR-638, which was subsequently confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Forced expression of miR-638 resulted in a significantly reduced proliferation rate as well as decreased invasive ability in TNBC cells. Furthermore, miR-638 overexpression increased sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, ultraviolet (UV) and cisplatin, but not to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and epirubicin exposure in TNBC cells. Host cell reactivation assays showed that miR-638 reduced DNA repair capability in post UV/cisplatin-exposed TNBC cells. The reduced proliferation, invasive ability, and DNA repair capabilities are associated with downregulated BRCA1 expression. Conclusions Our findings suggest that miR-638 plays an important role in TNBC progression via BRCA1 deregulation. Therefore, miR-638 might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-014-0435-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kato T, Franconi CP, Sheridan MB, Hacker AM, Inagakai H, Glover TW, Arlt MF, Drabkin HA, Gemmill RM, Kurahashi H, Emanuel BS. Analysis of the t(3;8) of hereditary renal cell carcinoma: a palindrome-mediated translocation. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:133-40. [PMID: 24813807 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It has emerged that palindrome-mediated genomic instability generates DNA-based rearrangements. The presence of palindromic AT-rich repeats (PATRRs) at the translocation breakpoints suggested a palindrome-mediated mechanism in the generation of several recurrent constitutional rearrangements: the t(11;22), t(17;22), and t(8;22). To date, all reported PATRR-mediated translocations include the PATRR on chromosome 22 (PATRR22) as a translocation partner. Here, the constitutional rearrangement, t(3;8)(p14.2;q24.1), segregating with renal cell carcinoma in two families, is examined. The chromosome 8 breakpoint lies in PATRR8 in the first intron of the RNF139 (TRC8) gene, whereas the chromosome 3 breakpoint is located in an AT-rich palindromic sequence in intron 3 of the FHIT gene (PATRR3). Thus, the t(3;8) is the first PATRR-mediated, recurrent, constitutional translocation that does not involve PATRR22. Furthermore, we detect de novo translocations similar to the t(11;22) and t(8;22), involving PATRR3 in normal sperm. The breakpoint on chromosome 3 is in proximity to FRA3B, the most common fragile site in the human genome and a site of frequent deletions in tumor cells. However, the lack of involvement of PATRR3 sequence in numerous FRA3B-related deletions suggests that there are several different DNA sequence-based etiologies responsible for chromosome 3p14.2 genomic rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takema Kato
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colleen P Franconi
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Molly B Sheridan
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - April M Hacker
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hidehito Inagakai
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Thomas W Glover
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martin F Arlt
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Harry A Drabkin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Robert M Gemmill
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Beverly S Emanuel
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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