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Pascual-Mato M, Gárate G, González-Quintanilla V, Castro B, García MJ, Crespo J, Pascual J, Rivero M. Unravelling the role of beta-CGRP in inflammatory bowel disease and its potential role in gastrointestinal homeostasis. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:262. [PMID: 39134940 PMCID: PMC11320777 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03366-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of beta calcitonin gene-related peptide (beta-CGRP) in gastrointestinal tract is obscure, but experimental models suggest an effect on the homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa. We measured beta-CGRP circulating levels in a large series of subjects with a recent diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in order to assess the potential role of this neuropeptide in IBD pathogenesis. METHODS Morning serum beta-CGRP levels were measured by ELISA (CUSABIO, China) in 96 patients recently diagnosed of IBD and compared with those belonging from 50 matched healthy controls (HC) and 50 chronic migraine (CM) patients. RESULTS Beta-CGRP levels were lower in patients with IBD (3.1 ± 1.9 pg/mL; 2.9 [2.4-3.4] pg/mL) as compared to HC (4.7 ± 2.6; 4.9 [4.0-5.8] pg/mL; p < 0.001) and to CM patients (4.6 ± 2.6; 4.7 [3.3-6.2] pg/mL; p < 0.001). Beta-CGRP levels in CM were not significantly different to those of HC (p = 0.92). Regarding IBD diagnostic subtypes, beta-CGRP levels for ulcerative colitis (3.0 ± 1.9pg/mL; 2.5 [2.1-3.4] pg/mL) and Crohn's disease (3.3 ± 2.0 pg/mL; 3.2 [2.4-3.9] pg/mL) were significantly lower to those of HC (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) and CM (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We have found a significant reduction in serum beta-CGRP levels in patients with a recent diagnosis of all kinds of IBD as compared to two control groups without active intestinal disease, HC and CM, which may suggest a role for this neuropeptide in the pathophysiology of IBD. Our data indicate a protective role of beta-CGRP in the homeostasis of the alimentary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pascual-Mato
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gárate
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Av. Valdecilla s/n, Santander, 39008, Spain
| | - Vicente González-Quintanilla
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Av. Valdecilla s/n, Santander, 39008, Spain
| | - Beatriz Castro
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - María José García
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Av. Valdecilla s/n, Santander, 39008, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Rivero
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla and Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Pascual-Mato M, Gárate G, González-Quintanilla V, Madera-Fernández J, Castro B, García MJ, Crespo J, Rivero M, Pascual J. Differences in circulating alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in inflammatory bowel disease and its relation to migraine comorbidity: A cross-sectional study. Headache 2024; 64:849-858. [PMID: 38922858 DOI: 10.1111/head.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the specificity of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels, we measured alpha-CGRP circulating levels in a large series of patients with a recent diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who were interviewed regarding comorbid headache. BACKGROUND Several studies have found an association between migraine and IBD. METHODS In this cross-sectional study performed in an IBD clinic, morning serum alpha-CGRP levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 96 patients who were recently diagnosed with IBD and compared to those from 50 similar patients with chronic migraine (CM) and 50 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS Alpha-CGRP levels were higher in patients with IBD (median [interquartile range] 56.9 [35.6-73.9] pg/mL) and patients with CM (53.0 [36.7-73.9] pg/mL) compared to HC (37.2 [30.0-51.8] pg/mL; p = 0.003; p = 0.019, respectively). Regarding IBD diagnostic subtypes, alpha-CGRP levels for ulcerative colitis (67.2 ± 49.3 pg/mL; 57.0 [35.6-73.4] pg/mL) and Crohn's disease (54.9 ± 27.5 pg/mL; 57.7 [29.1-76.1] pg/mL) were significantly higher than those of HC (p = 0.013, p = 0.040, respectively). Alpha-CGRP levels were further different in patients with IBD with migraine (70.9 [51.8-88.7] pg/mL) compared to HC (p < 0.001), patients with IBD without headache (57.5 [33.3-73.8] pg/mL; p = 0.049), and patients with IBD with tension-type headache but without migraine (41.7 [28.5-66.9] pg/mL; p = 0.004), though alpha-CGRP levels in patients with IBD without migraine (53.7 [32.9-73.5] pg/mL) remained different over HC (p = 0.028). CONCLUSION Together with CM, circulating alpha-CGRP levels are different in patients with IBD, perhaps reflecting a chronic inflammatory state. IBD is an example of how alpha-CGRP levels are not a totally specific migraine biomarker. However, alpha-CGRP levels were further increased in patients with IBD who have a history of migraine, which reinforces its role as a biomarker in migraine patients, always bearing in mind their comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pascual-Mato
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gárate
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Vicente González-Quintanilla
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Jorge Madera-Fernández
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Beatriz Castro
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - María José García
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Montserrat Rivero
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Clinical and Translational Research in Digestive Diseases, Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain
| | - Julio Pascual
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
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Dvornikova KA, Platonova ON, Bystrova EY. The Role of TRP Channels in Sepsis and Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4784. [PMID: 38731999 PMCID: PMC11084600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, several members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels which provide a wide array of roles have been found in the gastrointestinal tract (GI). The goal of earlier research was to comprehend the intricate signaling cascades that contribute to TRP channel activation as well as how these receptors' activity affects other systems. Moreover, there is a large volume of published studies describing the role of TRP channels in a number of pathological disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and sepsis. Nevertheless, the generalizability of these results is subject to certain limitations. For instance, the study of IBD relies on various animal models and experimental methods, which are unable to precisely imitate the multifactorial chronic disease. The diverse pathophysiological mechanisms and unique susceptibility of animals may account for the inconsistency of the experimental data collected. The main purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review and analysis of existing studies on transient receptor potential (TRP) channels implicating specific models of colitis and sepsis, with particular emphasis on their involvement in pathological disorders such as IBD and sepsis. Furthermore, the text endeavors to evaluate the generalizability of experimental findings, taking into consideration the limitations posed by animal models and experimental methodologies. Finally, we also provide an updated schematic of the most important and possible molecular signaling pathways associated with TRP channels in IBD and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena Y. Bystrova
- I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology RAS, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (K.A.D.); (O.N.P.)
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Wang Y, Ye L. The Afferent Function of Adipose Innervation. Diabetes 2024; 73:348-354. [PMID: 38377447 PMCID: PMC10882147 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue innervation is critical for regulating metabolic and energy homeostasis. While the sympathetic efferent innervation of fat is well characterized, the role of sensory or afferent innervation remains less explored. This article reviews previous work on adipose innervation and recent advances in the study of sensory innervation of adipose tissues. We discuss key open questions, including the physiological implications of adipose afferents in homeostasis as well as potential cross talk with sympathetic neurons, the immune system, and hormonal pathways. We also outline the general technical challenges of studying dorsal root ganglia innervating fat, along with emerging technologies that may overcome these barriers. Finally, we highlight areas for further research to deepen our understanding of the afferent function of adipose innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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Sgro M, Ray J, Foster E, Mychasiuk R. Making migraine easier to stomach: the role of the gut-brain-immune axis in headache disorders. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:3605-3621. [PMID: 37329292 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Headache disorders place a significant burden on the healthcare system, being the leading cause of disability in those under 50 years. Novel studies have interrogated the relationship between headache disorders and gastrointestinal dysfunction, suggesting a link between the gut-brain-immune (GBI) axis and headache pathogenesis. Although the exact mechanisms driving the complex relationship between the GBI axis and headache disorders remain unclear, there is a growing appreciation that a healthy and diverse microbiome is necessary for optimal brain health. METHODS A literature search was performed through multiple reputable databases in search of Q1 journals within the field of headache disorders and gut microbiome research and were critically and appropriately evaluated to investigate and explore the following; the role of the GBI axis in dietary triggers of headache disorders and the evidence indicating that diet can be used to alleviate headache severity and frequency. The relationship between the GBI axis and post-traumatic headache is then synthesized. Finally, the scarcity of literature regarding paediatric headache disorders and the role that the GBI axis plays in mediating the relationship between sex hormones and headache disorders are highlighted. CONCLUSIONS There is potential for novel therapeutic targets for headache disorders if understanding of the GBI axis in their aetiology, pathogenesis and recovery is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sgro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Ray
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychasiuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Mahran YF, Al-Kharashi LA, Atawia RT, Alanazi RT, Dhahi AMB, Alsubaie R, Badr AM. Radioprotective Effects of Carvacrol and/or Thymol against Gamma Irradiation-Induced Acute Nephropathy: In Silico and In Vivo Evidence of the Involvement of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2521. [PMID: 37760962 PMCID: PMC10526293 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective curative cancer treatment. However, RT can seriously damage kidney tissues resulting in radiotherapy nephropathy (RN) where oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are among the common pathomechanisms. Carvacrol and thymol are known for their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and radioprotective activities. Therefore, this study investigated the nephroprotective potentials of carvacrol and/or thymol against gamma (γ) irradiation-induced nephrotoxicity in rats along with the nephroprotection mechanisms, particularly the involvement of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Methods: Male rats were injected with carvacrol and/or thymol (80 and 50 mg/kg BW in the vehicle, respectively) for five days and exposed to a single dose of irradiation (6 Gy). Then, nephrotoxicity indices, oxidative stress, inflammatory, apoptotic biomarkers, and the histopathological examination were assessed. Also, IGF-1 and CGRP renal expressions were measured. Results: Carvacrol and/or thymol protected kidneys against γ-irradiation-induced acute RN which might be attributed to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities. Moreover, both reserved the γ -irradiation-induced downregulation of CGRP- TNF-α loop in acute RN that might be involved in the pathomechanisms of acute RN. Additionally, in Silico molecular docking simulation of carvacrol and thymol demonstrated promising fitting and binding with CGRP, IGF-1, TNF-α and NF-κB through the formation of hydrogen, hydrophobic and alkyl bonds with binding sites of target proteins which supports the reno-protective properties of carvacrol and thymol. Collectively, our findings open a new avenue for using carvacrol and/or thymol to improve the therapeutic index of γ-irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmen F. Mahran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (R.T.A.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Layla A. Al-Kharashi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reem T. Atawia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (R.T.A.); (A.M.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK 73096, USA
| | - Rawan Turki Alanazi
- Student, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (R.T.A.); (A.M.B.D.); (R.A.)
| | - Amal M. Bin Dhahi
- Student, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (R.T.A.); (A.M.B.D.); (R.A.)
| | - Rawd Alsubaie
- Student, Pharmacy College, King Saud University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; (R.T.A.); (A.M.B.D.); (R.A.)
| | - Amira M. Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; (R.T.A.); (A.M.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;
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Zhang M, Ma Y, Ye X, Zhang N, Pan L, Wang B. TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:261. [PMID: 37402746 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins, which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology: TRPA (Ankyrin), TRPC (Canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPN (NO-mechano-potential, NOMP), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPV (Vanilloid). They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and others. TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat, cold, pain, stress, vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli. Their predominantly location on the cell surface, their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways, and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Here, we review the history of TRP channel discovery, summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family, and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease. Most importantly, we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery, therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yueming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianglu Ye
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lei Pan
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Jin MY, Everett ES, Abd-Elsayed A. Microbiological and Physiological Effects of Pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2023; 27:165-173. [PMID: 37086365 PMCID: PMC10122082 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-023-01114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Pain is an important innate defense mechanism that can dramatically alter a person's quality of life. Understanding the microbiological and physiological effects of pain may be important in the pursuit of novel pain interventions. The three descriptors of pain recognized by the International Association for the Study of Pain are nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic pain. Our review examined the current understanding of all three pain types, focusing on the key molecules involved in the manifestation of each type as well as physiological effects. Additionally, we compared the differences in painful and painless neuropathies and discussed the neuroimmune interaction involved in the manifestation of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Y Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Erin S Everett
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Alaa Abd-Elsayed
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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Russo AF, Hay DL. CGRP physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic targets: migraine and beyond. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1565-1644. [PMID: 36454715 PMCID: PMC9988538 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00059.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological functions. Its two isoforms (α and β) are widely expressed throughout the body in sensory neurons as well as in other cell types, such as motor neurons and neuroendocrine cells. CGRP acts via at least two G protein-coupled receptors that form unusual complexes with receptor activity-modifying proteins. These are the CGRP receptor and the AMY1 receptor; in rodents, additional receptors come into play. Although CGRP is known to produce many effects, the precise molecular identity of the receptor(s) that mediates CGRP effects is seldom clear. Despite the many enigmas still in CGRP biology, therapeutics that target the CGRP axis to treat or prevent migraine are a bench-to-bedside success story. This review provides a contextual background on the regulation and sites of CGRP expression and CGRP receptor pharmacology. The physiological actions of CGRP in the nervous system are discussed, along with updates on CGRP actions in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, immune, hematopoietic, and reproductive systems and metabolic effects of CGRP in muscle and adipose tissues. We cover how CGRP in these systems is associated with disease states, most notably migraine. In this context, we discuss how CGRP actions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems provide a basis for therapeutic targeting of CGRP in migraine. Finally, we highlight potentially fertile ground for the development of additional therapeutics and combinatorial strategies that could be designed to modulate CGRP signaling for migraine and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Russo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Center, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Electroacupuncture Zusanli (ST36) Relieves Somatic Pain in Colitis Rats by Inhibiting Dorsal Root Ganglion Sympathetic-Sensory Coupling and Neurogenic Inflammation. Neural Plast 2023; 2023:9303419. [PMID: 36910013 PMCID: PMC9998159 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9303419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Referred somatic pain triggered by hyperalgesia is common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It was reported that sprouting of sympathetic nerve fibers into the dorsal root ganglion (DGR) and neurogenic inflammation were related to neuropathic pain, the excitability of neurons, and afferents. The purpose of the study was to explore the potential and mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) at Zusanli (ST36) for the intervention of colon inflammation and hyperalgesia. Sprague-Dawley (SD) was randomly divided into four groups, including control, model, EA, and sham-EA. Our results showed EA treatment significantly attenuated dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced colorectal lesions and inflammatory cytokine secretion, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE2, and IL-6. EA also inhibited mechanical and thermal pain hypersensitivities of colitis rats. Importantly, EA effectively abrogated the promotion effect of DSS on ipsilateral lumbar 6 (L6) DRG sympathetic-sensory coupling, manifested as the sprouting of tyrosine hydroxylase- (TH-) positive sympathetic fibers into sensory neurons and colocalization of and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Furthermore, EA at Zusanli (ST36) activated neurogenic inflammation, characterized by decreased expression of substance P (SP), hyaluronic acid (HA), bradykinin (BK), and prostacyclin (PGI2) in colitis rat skin tissues corresponding to the L6 DRG. Mechanically, EA treatment reduced the activation of the TRPV1/CGRP, ERK, and TLR4 signaling pathways in L6 DRG of colitis rats. Taken together, we presumed that EA treatment improved colon inflammation and hyperalgesia, potentially by suppressing the sprouting of sympathetic nerve fibers into the L6 DGR and neurogenic inflammation via deactivating the TRPV1/CGRP, ERK, and TLR4 signaling pathways.
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11
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The CGRP/macrophage axis signal facilitates inflammation recovery in the intestine. Clin Immunol 2022; 245:109154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Du Y, Chen J, Shen L, Wang B. TRP channels in inflammatory bowel disease: potential therapeutic targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Matsuyama F, Harada K, Fukazawa E, Ichimata M, Nakano Y, Kobayashi T. Evaluation of adverse events in small-breed dogs treated with maropitant and a single dose of doxorubicin. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1409-1415. [PMID: 35524687 PMCID: PMC9308424 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recommended doxorubicin (DOX) dose for small dogs is 1 mg/kg. Recent data suggest that DOX‐induced gastrointestinal (GI) toxicosis can be reduced with maropitant treatment. Objectives To investigate the incidence of adverse events (AEs) in small‐breed dogs administered a single 25 mg/m2 DOX followed by administration of maropitant (DOX25). The primary aim was to assess myelo‐ and GI toxicoses for 2 weeks after DOX administration. The secondary aim was to compare the incidence and grades of AEs found in the DOX25 group with a historical control group (DOX 1 mg/kg without administration of antiemetic or antidiarrheal medications). Animals Nineteen small‐breed tumor‐bearing dogs. Methods A prospective, observational study of tumor‐bearing dogs, weighing 5 to 10 kg, administered a single 25 mg/m2 dose of DOX IV, followed by administration of maropitant for the next 5 days. Results Inappetence, vomiting, and diarrhea were found in 7/19, 2/19, and 6/19 of the DOX25 dogs, respectively. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia was 12/19 and 3/19, respectively. Most AEs were grades 1 and 2, except for grades 3 and 4 inappetence and neutropenia in 3 and 4 dogs, respectively. Furthermore, febrile neutropenia occurred in 3/19 dogs in the DOX25 group. All AEs between the DOX25 and historical control groups were not significantly different. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Vomiting and diarrhea were deemed acceptable with 25 mg/m2 DOX followed by maropitant treatment in 5 to 10 kg dogs; however, additional supportive care might be needed for dogs with inappetence and neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukiko Matsuyama
- Japan Small Animal Cancer Center, Japan Small Animal Medical Center, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kei Harada
- Japan Small Animal Cancer Center, Japan Small Animal Medical Center, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eri Fukazawa
- Japan Small Animal Cancer Center, Japan Small Animal Medical Center, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masanao Ichimata
- Japan Small Animal Cancer Center, Japan Small Animal Medical Center, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakano
- Veterinary Cancer Center, Hayashiya Animal Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kobayashi
- Japan Small Animal Cancer Center, Japan Small Animal Medical Center, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama, Japan
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14
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Zaarour RF, Saha D, Dey R, Dutta A, Kumar P, Rana I, Pulianmackal A, Rizvi A, Misra N, Breton L, Jamora C. The neuropeptide Substance P facilitates the transition from an inflammatory to proliferation phase associated responses in dermal fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1188-1201. [PMID: 35353932 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The wound healing process is a product of three successive and overlapping phases of inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Considerable efforts have been invested in deconstructing the intercellular crosstalk that orchestrates tissue repair and we investigated the role of neuropeptides released from peripheral neurons upon injury in mediating these interactions. Amongst the most abundant of these neuropeptides secreted by nerves in the skin, is Substance P (SP). Given the role of dermal fibroblasts in coordinating multiple processes in the wound healing program, the effect of SP on human dermal fibroblasts of different ages was evaluated. The use of a substrate that recapitulates the mechanical properties of the in vivo tissue revealed novel effects of SP on dermal fibroblasts, including a block in inflammatory cytokine expression. Moreover, SP can promote expression of some extracellular matrix components and generates signals that regulate angiogenesis. Interestingly, the response of fibroblasts to SP was reduced concomitant with donor age. Altogether, SP acts to inhibit the inflammatory responses and promote proliferation associated responses in an age-dependent manner in dermal fibroblasts, suggesting a role as a molecular switch between the inflammatory and proliferative phases of the wound healing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania F Zaarour
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.,Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE
| | - Dyuti Saha
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.,Department of Biology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Rakesh Dey
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Anupam Dutta
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Isha Rana
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India.,Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology and Research Academy, SASTRA) University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Ajai Pulianmackal
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Abrar Rizvi
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Namita Misra
- L'Oréal, Research and Innovation, Aulnay, France
| | | | - Colin Jamora
- IFOM-inStem Joint Research Laboratory, Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Homeostasis, Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
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15
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Xiang Q, Tang X, Cui S, Zhang Q, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Mao B, Chen W. Capsaicin, the Spicy Ingredient of Chili Peppers: Effects on Gastrointestinal Tract and Composition of Gut Microbiota at Various Dosages. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050686. [PMID: 35267319 PMCID: PMC8909049 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP) is an ingredient of peppers that has biological activities at low doses but causes gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort at high doses. However, the GI effects of high doses of CAP and the evaluation criteria to determine this remain unknown. To elucidate the dose-related effects of CAP on GI health, CAP was administered to mice at 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg doses. The results showed that 40 mg/kg CAP did not negatively affect GI tissues, while 60 and 80 mg/kg CAP damaged GI tissues and caused significant inflammation in the jejunum, ileum, and colon. The levels of serum substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were CAP-dose-dependent, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content significantly increased in the 80 mg/kg group. Correlation analysis revealed that the underlying mechanisms might be related to the regulation of gut microbiota, especially Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Butyricimonas. These results suggest that oral administration of 60 and 80 mg/kg CAP in mice causes intestinal inflammation and high levels of serum neuropeptides and cecal SCFAs, which may be related to alterations in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunran Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.X.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.X.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.X.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.X.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.X.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.X.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.X.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.X.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Q.X.); (X.T.); (S.C.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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16
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Chen YS, Lian YZ, Chen WC, Chang CC, Tinkov AA, Skalny AV, Chao JCJ. Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides and Capsaicin Inhibit Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Responses, and Pain Signaling in Rats with Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052423. [PMID: 35269566 PMCID: PMC8910612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease with chronic relapsing symptoms. This study investigated the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) and capsaicin (CAP) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC rats. Rats were divided into normal, DSS-induced UC, and UC treated with 100 mg LBP/kg bw, 12 mg CAP/kg bw, or 50 mg LBP/kg bw and 6 mg CAP/kg bw. Rats were fed LBP or CAP orally by gavage for 4 weeks, and UC model was established by feeding 5% DSS in drinking water for 6 days during week 3. Oral CAP and mixture significantly reduced disease activity index. Oral LBP significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde, interleukin (IL)-6, colonic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, and protein expression of transient receptor potential cation channel V1 (TRPV1) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), but increased serum catalase activity. Oral CAP significantly suppressed serum IL-6, colonic TRPV1 and TRPA1 protein expression, but elevated IL-10 levels, serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The mixture of LBP and CAP significantly reduced serum IL-6, colonic TNF-α and TRPA1 protein. In conclusion, administration of LBP and/or CAP attenuate DSS-induced UC symptoms through inhibiting oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, and protein expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (Y.Z.L.)
- Department of Dietetics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yu Zhi Lian
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (Y.Z.L.)
| | - Wen-Chao Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chun-Chao Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (C.-C.C.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2–4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.T.); (A.V.S.)
- Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue, 13, 460018 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2–4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street, 119435 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.T.); (A.V.S.)
- Institute of Bioelementology, Orenburg State University, Pobedy Avenue, 13, 460018 Orenburg, Russia
- Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 9 Yanvarya Street, 29, 460000 Orenburg, Russia
| | - Jane C.-J. Chao
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (Y.Z.L.)
- Master Program in Global Health and Development, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 252 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 6548); Fax: +886-2-2737-3112
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17
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Sensory nerves promote corneal inflammation resolution via CGRP mediated transformation of macrophages to the M2 phenotype through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 102:108426. [PMID: 34906854 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the role of the corneal sensory nerves in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) keratitis, the synergistic effect between the sensory neurons and macrophages in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release, and the functional mechanisms of CGRP-mediated transformation of macrophages to the M2 phenotype. METHODS Corneal nerve loss, macrophage recruitment, and CGRP expression were evaluated. To explore the synergistic effect between the sensory neurons and macrophages, RAW 264.7 cells were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), then trigeminal ganglion (TG) sensory neurons were isolated and co-incubated with macrophages, and CGRP expression was tested. To investigate the biological function of cornea neuron-initiated immune responses mediated by CGRP, BIBN 4096BS was used to inhibit CGRP in vivo and α-CGRP was used to simulate CGRP in vitro. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10), M1 (CD80/CD86), M2 (CD163/CD206) macrophage markers, and signal transducers (PI3K/AKT) were detected. RESULTS P. aeruginosa infection induced corneal nerve loss, macrophage recruitment, and CGRP up-expression. CGRP was co-localized with macrophages. Co-culture showed that sensory neurons and macrophages can mediate CGRP release. More CGRP was released when the two types of cells were combined to respond to LPS. BIBN 4096BS promoted pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the anti-inflammatory cytokines and signal transducers, while, α-CGRP inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines and M1 markers and promoted the anti-inflammatory cytokine, M2 markers, and signal transducers. CONCLUSIONS P. aeruginosa infection induces corneal sensory neuron activation, macrophage recruitment, and CGRP up-expression. The synergistic effect between the sensory neurons and macrophages promotes CGRP release. CGRP inhibits corneal inflammation and promotes the transformation of macrophages to the M2 phenotype through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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18
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Xiang Q, Guo W, Tang X, Cui S, Zhang F, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Mao B, Chen W. Capsaicin—the spicy ingredient of chili peppers: A review of the gastrointestinal effects and mechanisms. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Günther C, Rothhammer V, Karow M, Neurath M, Winner B. The Gut-Brain Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Current and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168870. [PMID: 34445575 PMCID: PMC8396333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system driven by neural, hormonal, metabolic, immunological, and microbial signals. Signaling events from the gut can modulate brain function and recent evidence suggests that the gut–brain axis may play a pivotal role in linking gastrointestinal and neurological diseases. Accordingly, accumulating evidence has suggested a link between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and neurodegenerative, as well as neuroinflammatory diseases. In this context, clinical, epidemiological and experimental data have demonstrated that IBD predisposes a person to pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS). Likewise, a number of neurological disorders are associated with changes in the intestinal environment, which are indicative for disease-mediated gut–brain inter-organ communication. Although this axis was identified more than 20 years ago, the sequence of events and underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. The emergence of precision medicine has uncovered the need to take into account non-intestinal symptoms in the context of IBD that could offer the opportunity to tailor therapies to individual patients. The aim of this review is to highlight recent findings supporting the clinical and biological link between the gut and brain, as well as its clinical significance for IBD as well as neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Finally, we focus on novel human-specific preclinical models that will help uncover disease mechanisms to better understand and modulate the function of this complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (B.W.); Tel.: +49-(0)9131-85-45240 (C.G.); +49-(0)9131-85-39301 (B.W.)
| | - Veit Rothhammer
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Marisa Karow
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Markus Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (B.W.); Tel.: +49-(0)9131-85-45240 (C.G.); +49-(0)9131-85-39301 (B.W.)
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Abstract
The new wave of anti-migraine agents is nothing less than a milestone in our battle to manage this devastating disease. However, concerns have recently increased regarding the safety of these drugs. CGRP, while known as a potent vasodilator, is also a key neural and immune modulator. The roles of CGRP in immune determination, have been studied in depth, with particular focus on its functional significance with respect to common immune challenges i.e., bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic infections. This review discusses many potential areas of concern in regard to blocking CGRP function and its potential influence on immune milieus during infection, and the risk of adverse effects. Finally, this review recommends specific measures to be taken into consideration when administering anti-CGRP/CGRPR agents.
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21
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Fouad A, Matsumoto K, Amagase K, Yasuda H, Tominaga M, Kato S. Protective Effect of TRPM8 against Indomethacin-Induced Small Intestinal Injury via the Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:947-957. [PMID: 34193690 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) is a non-selective cation channel activated by mild cooling and chemical agents including menthol. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have antipyretic, analgesic effects, and they can cause stomach and small intestinal injury. The current study investigated the role of TRPM8 in the pathogenesis of indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury. In male TRPM8-deficient (TRPM8KO) and wild-type (WT) mice, intestinal injury was induced via the subcutaneous administration of indomethacin. In addition, the effect of WS-12, a specific TRPM8 agonist, was examined in TRPM8KO and WT mice with indomethacin-induced intestinal injury. TRPM8KO mice had a significantly higher intestinal ulcerogenic response to indomethacin than WT mice. The repeated administration of WS-12 significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal injury in WT mice. However, this response was abrogated in TRPM8KO mice. Furthermore, in TRPM8-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic mice, which express EGFP under the direction of TRPM8 promoter, the EGFP signals in the indomethacin-treated intestinal mucosa were upregulated. Further, the EGFP signals were commonly found in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive sensory afferent neurons and partly colocalized with substance P (SP)-positive neurons in the small intestine. The intestinal CGRP-positive neurons were significantly upregulated after the administration of indomethacin in WT mice. Nevertheless, this response was abrogated in TRPM8KO mice. In contrast, indomethacin increased the expression of intestinal SP-positive neurons in not only WT mice but also TRPM8KO mice. Thus, TRPM8 has a protective effect against indomethacin-induced small intestinal injury. This response may be mediated by the upregulation of CGRP, rather than SP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa Fouad
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kikuko Amagase
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences)
| | - Shinichi Kato
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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22
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Rodionova K, Hilgers KF, Paulus EM, Tiegs G, Ott C, Schmieder R, Schiffer M, Amann K, Veelken R, Ditting T. Neurogenic tachykinin mechanisms in experimental nephritis of rats. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1705-1717. [PMID: 33070237 PMCID: PMC7691313 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated earlier that renal afferent pathways combine very likely “classical” neural signal transduction to the central nervous system and a substance P (SP)–dependent mechanism to control sympathetic activity. SP content of afferent sensory neurons is known to mediate neurogenic inflammation upon release. We tested the hypothesis that alterations in SP-dependent mechanisms of renal innervation contribute to experimental nephritis. Nephritis was induced by OX-7 antibodies in rats, 6 days later instrumented for recording of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), drug administration, and intrarenal administration (IRA) of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin to stimulate afferent renal nerve pathways containing SP and electrodes for renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). The presence of the SP receptor NK-1 on renal immune cells was assessed by FACS. IRA capsaicin decreased RSNA from 62.4 ± 5.1 to 21.6 ± 1.5 mV s (*p < 0.05) in controls, a response impaired in nephritis. Suppressed RSNA transiently but completely recovered after systemic administration of a neurokinin 1 (NK1-R) blocker. NK-1 receptors occurred mainly on CD11+ dendritic cells (DCs). An enhanced frequency of CD11c+NK1R+ cell, NK-1 receptor+ macrophages, and DCs was assessed in nephritis. Administration of the NK-1R antagonist aprepitant during nephritis reduced CD11c+NK1R+ cells, macrophage infiltration, renal expression of chemokines, and markers of sclerosis. Hence, SP promoted renal inflammation by weakening sympathoinhibitory mechanisms, while at the same time, substance SP released intrarenally from afferent nerve fibers aggravated immunological processes i.e. by the recruitment of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Rodionova
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl F Hilgers
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Paulus
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Center of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Paracelsus Private Medical School, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Roland Schmieder
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Veelken
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Paracelsus Private Medical School, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Tilmann Ditting
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Paracelsus Private Medical School, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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Translational research into the effects of cigarette smoke on inflammatory mediators and epithelial TRPV1 in Crohn's disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236657. [PMID: 32760089 PMCID: PMC7410291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a pathological condition of the gastro-intestinal tract, causing severe transmural inflammation in the ileum and/or colon. Cigarette smoking is one of the best known environmental risk factors for the development of Crohn's disease. Nevertheless, very little is known about the effect of prolonged cigarette smoke exposure on inflammatory modulators in the gut. We examined the effect of cigarette smoke on cytokine profiles in the healthy and inflamed gut of human subjects and in the trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid mouse model, which mimics distal Crohn-like colitis. In addition, the effect of cigarette smoke on epithelial expression of transient receptor potential channels and their concurrent increase with cigarette smoke-augmented cytokine production was investigated. Active smoking was associated with increased IL-8 transcription in ileum of controls (p < 0,001; n = 18-20/group). In the ileum, TRPV1 mRNA levels were decreased in never smoking Crohn's disease patients compared to healthy subjects (p <0,001; n = 20/group). In the colon, TRPV1 mRNA levels were decreased (p = 0,046) in smoking healthy controls (n = 20/group). Likewise, healthy mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (n = 10/group) showed elevated ileal Cxcl2 (p = 0,0075) and colonic Kc mRNA levels (p = 0,0186), whereas TRPV1 mRNA and protein levels were elevated in the ileum (p = 0,0315). Although cigarette smoke exposure prior to trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid administration did not alter disease activity, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production was observed in the distal colon (Kc: p = 0,0273; Cxcl2: p = 0,104; Il1-β: p = 0,0796), in parallel with the increase of Trpv1 mRNA (p < 0,001). We infer that CS affects pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in healthy and inflamed gut, and that the simultaneous modulation of TRPV1 may point to a potential involvement of TRPV1 in cigarette smoke-induced production of inflammatory mediators.
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Esquerre N, Basso L, Defaye M, Vicentini FA, Cluny N, Bihan D, Hirota SA, Schick A, Jijon HB, Lewis IA, Geuking MB, Sharkey KA, Altier C, Nasser Y. Colitis-Induced Microbial Perturbation Promotes Postinflammatory Visceral Hypersensitivity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:225-244. [PMID: 32289500 PMCID: PMC7301239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Despite achieving endoscopic remission, more than 20% of inflammatory bowel disease patients experience chronic abdominal pain. These patients have increased rectal transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor (TRPV1) expression, a key transducer of inflammatory pain. Because inflammatory bowel disease patients in remission exhibit dysbiosis and microbial manipulation alters TRPV1 function, our goal was to examine whether microbial perturbation modulated transient receptor potential function in a mouse model. METHODS Mice were given dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis and were allowed to recover. The microbiome was perturbed by using antibiotics as well as fecal microbial transplant (FMT). Visceral and somatic sensitivity were assessed by recording visceromotor responses to colorectal distention and using hot plate/automated Von Frey tests, respectively. Calcium imaging of isolated dorsal root ganglia neurons was used as an in vitro correlate of nociception. The microbiome composition was evaluated via 16S rRNA gene variable region V4 amplicon sequencing, whereas fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were assessed by using targeted mass spectrometry. RESULTS Postinflammatory DSS mice developed visceral and somatic hyperalgesia. Antibiotic administration during DSS recovery induced visceral, but not somatic, hyperalgesia independent of inflammation. FMT of postinflammatory DSS stool into antibiotic-treated mice increased visceral hypersensitivity, whereas FMT of control stool reversed antibiotics' sensitizing effects. Postinflammatory mice exhibited both increased SCFA-producing species and fecal acetate/butyrate content compared with controls. Capsaicin-evoked calcium responses were increased in naive dorsal root ganglion neurons incubated with both sodium butyrate/propionate alone and with colonic supernatants derived from postinflammatory mice. CONCLUSIONS The microbiome plays a central role in postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity. Microbial-derived SCFAs can sensitize nociceptive neurons and may contribute to the pathogenesis of postinflammatory visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Esquerre
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Lilian Basso
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Manon Defaye
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Fernando A Vicentini
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Nina Cluny
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | | | - Simon A Hirota
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Alana Schick
- International Microbiome Centre, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Humberto B Jijon
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Ian A Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Microbiology, Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Christophe Altier
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary.
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25
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Chen Y, Mu J, Zhu M, Mukherjee A, Zhang H. Transient Receptor Potential Channels and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:180. [PMID: 32153564 PMCID: PMC7044176 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels are present in abundance across the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, serving as detectors for a variety of stimuli and secondary transducers for G-protein coupled receptors. The activation of TRP channels triggers neurogenic inflammation with related neuropeptides and initiates immune reactions by extra-neuronally regulating immune cells, contributing to the GI homeostasis. However, under pathological conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), TRP channels are involved in intestinal inflammation. An increasing number of human and animal studies have indicated that TRP channels are correlated to the visceral hypersensitivity (VHS) and immune pathogenesis in IBD, leading to an exacerbation or amelioration of the VHS or intestinal inflammation. Thus, TRP channels are a promising target for novel therapeutic methods for IBD. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the functions of TRP channels, especially their potential roles in immunity and IBD. Additionally, we discuss the contradictory findings of prior studies and offer new insights with regard to future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxi Mu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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26
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Lee S, Jo S, Talbot S, Zhang HXB, Kotoda M, Andrews NA, Puopolo M, Liu PW, Jacquemont T, Pascal M, Heckman LM, Jain A, Lee J, Woolf CJ, Bean BP. Novel charged sodium and calcium channel inhibitor active against neurogenic inflammation. eLife 2019; 8:48118. [PMID: 31765298 PMCID: PMC6877086 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent sodium and calcium channels in pain-initiating nociceptor neurons are attractive targets for new analgesics. We made a permanently charged cationic derivative of an N-type calcium channel-inhibitor. Unlike cationic derivatives of local anesthetic sodium channel blockers like QX-314, this cationic compound inhibited N-type calcium channels more effectively with extracellular than intracellular application. Surprisingly, the compound is also a highly effective sodium channel inhibitor when applied extracellularly, producing more potent inhibition than lidocaine or bupivacaine. The charged inhibitor produced potent and long-lasting analgesia in mouse models of incisional wound and inflammatory pain, inhibited release of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from dorsal root ganglion neurons, and reduced inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma, which has a strong neurogenic component. The results show that some cationic molecules applied extracellularly can powerfully inhibit both sodium channels and calcium channels, thereby blocking both nociceptor excitability and pro-inflammatory peptide release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungkyu Lee
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Sooyeon Jo
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Sébastien Talbot
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Masakazu Kotoda
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Nick A Andrews
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Michelino Puopolo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, United States
| | - Pin W Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Thomas Jacquemont
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Maud Pascal
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Laurel M Heckman
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Aakanksha Jain
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Jinbo Lee
- Sage Partner International, Andover, United States
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Bruce P Bean
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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27
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Transient receptor potential ankyrin1 channel is endogenously expressed in T cells and is involved in immune functions. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20191437. [PMID: 31488616 PMCID: PMC6753326 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential channel subfamily A member 1 (TRPA1) is a non-selective cationic channel, identified initially as a cold sensory receptor. TRPA1 responds to diverse exogenous and endogenous stimuli associated with pain and inflammation. However, the information on the role of TRPA1 toward T-cell responses remains scanty. In silico data suggest that TRPA1 can play an important role in the T-cell activation process. In this work, we explored the endogenous expression of TRPA1 and its function in T cells. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that TRPA1 is endogenously expressed in primary murine splenic T cells as well as in primary human T cells. TRPA1 is primarily located at the cell surface. TRPA1-specific activator namely allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) increases intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) levels while two different inhibitors namely A-967079 as well as HC-030031 reduce intracellular Ca2+ levels in T cells; TRPA1 inhibition also reduces TCR-mediated calcium influx. TRPA1 expression was found to be increased during αCD3/αCD28 (TCR) or Concanavalin A (ConA)-driven stimulation in T cells. TRPA1-specific inhibitor treatment prevented induction of cluster of differentiation 25 (CD25), cluster of differentiation 69 (CD69) in ConA/TCR stimulated T cells and secretion of cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin 2 (IL-2) suggesting that endogenous activity of TRPA1 may be involved in T-cell activation. Collectively these results may have implication in T cell-mediated responses and indicate possible role of TRPA1 in immunological disorders.
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28
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Xu Y, Huang C, Deng H, Jia J, Wu Y, Yang J, Tu W. TRPA1 and substance P mediate stress induced duodenal lesions in water immersion restraint stress rat model. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2019; 29:692-700. [PMID: 30381276 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2018.17817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and substance P (SP), both expression in sensory neurons, have important roles in stress-induced duodenal lesions. The possible contribution of TRPA1 and SP to stress-induced duodenal lesions was explored by using the water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Western blotting, Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry assay were used to evaluate the changes of TRPA1and SP expression in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG, T8-11), the corresponding segment of the spinal cord (T8-11), and the duodenum in a duodenal lesions rat model. The SP concentrations of duodenal mucosa were investigated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Duodenal lesions were assessed according to histopathological changes. TRPA1 specific antagonist HC-030031 was intrathecally or intraperitoneally performed to suppress the expression of both TRPA1 and SP for evaluating the roles of TRPA1 and SP in duodenal lesions. RESULTS In contrast to the control group, TRPA1 and substance P in the DRG (T8-11) and duodenum were up-regulated, and concentrations of SP in the duodenal mucosa were increased after WIRS (p<0.05), which are closely associated with duodenal lesions. SP concentrations in the duodenal mucosa were decreased and duodenal lesions were alleviated by pretreatment with TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. We identified a protective role for HC-030031 in WIRS-induced duodenal lesions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that WIRS increased the concentrations of SP in the duodenal mucosa in a TRPA1-dependent manner. However, WIRS caused no significant changes of TRPA1 and SP in the spinal cord (T8-11) compared with the control group (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Our study indicates that TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 alleviates duodenal lesions. TRPA1 is activated and sensitized, therefore concomitant neuropeptide SP is released, which exerts a critical role in inducing and maintaining duodenal lesions following WIRS in rats. This provides evidence that neuroimmune interactions may control duodenal injury. TRPA1 may be a potential drug target to inhibit the development of duodenal lesions by stress-induced in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangdong, China; The 173rd Clinical Department of PLA 421rd Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Caiqun Huang
- The 173rd Clinical Department of PLA 421rd Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangdong, China
| | - Youping Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifeng Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangdong, China
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Hendrik Overeem
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charite - Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Neeb
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charite - Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Reuter
- Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charite - Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Inoue R, Kurahara LH, Hiraishi K. TRP channels in cardiac and intestinal fibrosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 94:40-49. [PMID: 30445149 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that advanced fibrosis underlies many chronic inflammatory disorders and is the main cause of morbidity and mortality of the modern world. The pathogenic mechanism of advanced fibrosis involves diverse and intricate interplays between numerous extracellular and intracellular signaling molecules, among which the non-trivial roles of a stress-responsive Ca2+/Na+-permeable cation channel superfamily, the transient receptor potential (TRP) protein, are receiving growing attention. Available evidence suggests that several TRP channels such as TRPC3, TRPC6, TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPA1, TRPM6 and TRPM7 may play central roles in the progression and/or prevention of fibroproliferative disorders in vital visceral organs such as lung, heart, liver, kidney, and bowel as well as brain, blood vessels and skin, and may contribute to both acute and chronic inflammatory processes involved therein. This short paper overviews the current knowledge accumulated in this rapidly growing field, with particular focus on cardiac and intestinal fibrosis, which are tightly associated with the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation and inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of medicine, Nanakuma 7-451, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Lin-Hai Kurahara
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of medicine, Nanakuma 7-451, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Keizo Hiraishi
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of medicine, Nanakuma 7-451, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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31
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Xu Y, Jia J, Xie C, Wu Y, Tu W. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 and Substance P Mediate the Development of Gastric Mucosal Lesions in a Water Immersion Restraint Stress Rat Model. Digestion 2018; 97:228-239. [PMID: 29428952 DOI: 10.1159/000484980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of substance P (SP) contributes to the development and maintenance of gastric lesions, but the mechanisms underlying the release of SP and SP-mediated damage to the gastric mucosa remain unknown. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is expressed in SP-positive neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and stomach of rats. We hypothesized that water immersion restraint stress (WIRS) may activate and sensitize TRPA1 in DRG neurons, subsequently inducing the release of SP from DRG and stomach cells, causing the development of acute gastric mucosal lesions (AGML). METHODS Changes in TRPA1 and SP expression in T8-11 DRG sensory neurons and the stomach in an AGML rat model were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The SP levels of serum and gastric mucosa were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gastric lesions were evaluated by histopathological changes. The TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 and TRPA1 agonists allyl isothiocyanate were used to verify effect of TRPA1 and SP on AGML. RESULTS SP and TRPA1 in the DRG and stomach were upregulated, and the serum and gastric mucosa levels of SP were increased after WIRS, which are closely associated with AGML. The release of SP was suppressed and AGML were alleviated following a selective TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. TRPA1 agonists AITC increased release of SP and led to moderate gastric lesions. We confirmed that WIRS induced the release of SP in the DRG, stomach, serum and gastric mucosa, and in a TRPA1-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Upregulated SP and TRPA1 in the DRG and stomach and increased serum and gastric mucosa SP levels may contribute to stress-induced AGML. TRPA1 is a potential drug target to reduce stress-induced AGML development in patients with acute critical illnesses. This study may contribute to the discovery of drugs for AGML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, The Second Military Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, the 173rd Clinical Department of PLA, 421rd Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Ji Jia
- Department of anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, The Second Military Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuangbo Xie
- Department of anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, The Second Military Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youping Wu
- Department of anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, The Second Military Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Tu
- Department of anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, The Second Military Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Tanida S, Mizoshita T, Ozeki K, Katano T, Tanaka M, Nishie H, Shimura T, Okamoto Y, Kubota E, Kataoka H, Joh T. Combination Therapy With Intensive Granulocyte and Monocyte Adsorptive Apheresis Plus Ustekinumab in Patients With Refractory Crohn's Disease. Ther Apher Dial 2018; 22:295-300. [PMID: 29790276 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ustekinumab is applied to induce clinical remission in patients with Crohn's disease. Granulocyte and monocyte absorptive apheresis depletes activated myeloid lineage leukocytes and has been applied for active Crohn's disease. This study retrospectively examined the efficacy and safety of combining intensive granulocyte and monocyte absorptive apheresis and ustekinumab for remission induction therapy in refractory Crohn's disease. Between June and September 2017, three consecutive cases (two females) with refractory Crohn's disease were treated with intensive granulocyte and monocyte absorptive apheresis plus ustekinumab. Crohn's disease activity index, and simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease at baseline and 10 weeks were applied as treatment efficacy outcomes. In all three cases, at week 10, clinical remission was achieved, while simple endoscopic score for Crohn's disease reflected no improvement. Thus, combination therapy with intensive granulocyte and monocyte absorptive apheresis plus ustekinumab appeared to represent a safe and effective intervention for inducing clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tanida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mizoshita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiji Ozeki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahito Katano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotada Nishie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaya Shimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiji Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Joh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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33
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Afsordeh K, Sadeghi Y, Amini A, Namvarpour Z, Abdollahifar MA, Abbaszadeh HA, Aliaghaei A. Alterations of neuroimmune cell density and pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to thimerosal in prefrontal lobe of male rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:176-186. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1465949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Afsordeh
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Sadeghi
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Amini
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abass Aliaghaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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34
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Utsumi D, Matsumoto K, Tsukahara T, Amagase K, Tominaga M, Kato S. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 contribute to the progression of colonic inflammation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice: Links to calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 136:121-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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35
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Kawashima-Takeda N, Ito Y, Nishizawa N, Kawashima R, Tanaka K, Tsujikawa K, Watanabe M, Majima M. RAMP1 suppresses mucosal injury from dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:809-818. [PMID: 27513455 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is thought to be involved in the modulation of intestinal motility. CGRP receptor is composed of receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP) 1 combined with calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) for CGRP. The study investigated the role of CGRP in mice with experimentally induced colitis. METHODS The study used dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis in mice. The study compared the severity of colitis in wild-type (WT) mice, mice treated with a CGRP receptor antagonist (CGRP8-37 ), and RAMP1 knockout (-/- ) mice. Pathological changes in the mucosa were assessed, and inflammatory cells and cytokine levels were measured. RESULTS The severity of inflammation in DSS-induced colitis increased markedly in CGRP8-37 -treated mice and RAMP1-/- mice compared with WT mice. RAMP1-/- mice showed more severe damage compared with CGRP8-37 -treated mice. The number of periodic acid-Schiff-positive cells decreased in CGRP8-37 -treated mice compared with WT mice and was even further decreased in RAMP1-/- mice. RAMP1 was expressed by macrophages, mast cells, and T-cells. RAMP1-/- mice exhibited excessive accumulation of macrophages and mast cells into the colonic tissue with increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β as compared with WT mice. Infiltration of T-cells into the colonic mucosa, which was associated with the expression of T helper (Th) cytokines including Th1 (interferon gamma) and Th17 (IL-17), was augmented in RAMP1-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that RAMP1 exerted mucosal protection in DSS-induced colitis via attenuation of recruitment of inflammatory cells and of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kawashima-Takeda
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Rei Kawashima
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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Mourad FH, Barada KA, Saade NE. Impairment of Small Intestinal Function in Ulcerative Colitis: Role of Enteric Innervation. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:369-377. [PMID: 27655154 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Small intestinal dysfunction has been described in patients with ulcerative colitis and in experimental animal models of colitis. This is demonstrated by a decrease in fluid, electrolyte, amino acid, fat and carbohydrate absorption as well as by deranged intestinal motility. Histopathological changes in the small intestines in colitis have not been consistently demonstrated, but there is evidence of structural and biochemical alterations as shown by increased intestinal permeability and a decrease in the expression of multiple brush border membrane enzymes such as disaccharidases and aminopetidases, in both humans and experimental animals. The pathophysiology of this dysfunction has not been elucidated, but it is thought to include alterations in neural circuitry such as increased neuronal excitability, neuronal damage and changes of neuropeptidergic innervation and receptors as well as an increase in local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alterations in the production of some neurohumoral mediators. In the following, we provide an update on the advancement of clinical and scientific contributions to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the alteration of the functions of apparently intact small intestinal segments, induced by ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi H Mourad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut-Lebanon.,Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut-Lebanon
| | - Kassem A Barada
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut-Lebanon.,Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut-Lebanon
| | - Nayef E Saade
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut-Lebanon
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Sargın ZG, Erin N, Tazegul G, Elpek GÖ, Yıldırım B. Profound loss of neprilysin accompanied by decreased levels of neuropeptides and increased CRP in ulcerative colitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189526. [PMID: 29232715 PMCID: PMC5726735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neprilysin (NEP, CD10) acts to limit excessive inflammation partly by hydrolyzing neuropeptides. Although deletion of NEP exacerbates intestinal inflammation in animal models, its role in ulcerative colitis (UC) is not well explored. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate changes in NEP and associated neuropeptides at the same time in colonic tissue. 72 patients with UC and 27 control patients were included. Patients' demographic data and laboratory findings, five biopsy samples from active colitis sites and five samples from uninvolved mucosa were collected. Substance P (SP), calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were extracted from freshly frozen tissues and measured using ELISA. Levels of NEP expression were determined using immunohistochemistry and immunoreactivity scores were calculated. GEBOES grading system was also used. We demonstrated a profound loss (69.4%) of NEP expression in UC, whereas all healthy controls had NEP expression. Patients with UC had lower neuronal SP; however non-neuronal SP remained similar. UC patients had also lower neuronal and non-neuronal VIP levels. CGRP were low in general and no significant changes were observed. Additionally, CRP positive patients with UC had higher rates of NEP loss (80% vs 51.9%) and lower SP levels when compared with CRP negative patients with UC. Concurrent decreases in SP and VIP with profound loss of NEP expression observed in UC is likely to be one of the factors in pathogenesis. Further studies are required to define the role of neuropeptides and NEP in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Gök Sargın
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nuray Erin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Gokhan Tazegul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gülsüm Özlem Elpek
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bülent Yıldırım
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Dodds KN, Beckett EAH, Evans SF, Grace PM, Watkins LR, Hutchinson MR. Glial contributions to visceral pain: implications for disease etiology and the female predominance of persistent pain. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e888. [PMID: 27622932 PMCID: PMC5048206 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, bidirectional signaling between glial cells and neurons ('neuroimmune communication') facilitates the development of persistent pain. Spinal glia can contribute to heightened pain states by a prolonged release of neurokine signals that sensitize adjacent centrally projecting neurons. Although many persistent pain conditions are disproportionately common in females, whether specific neuroimmune mechanisms lead to this increased susceptibility remains unclear. This review summarizes the major known contributions of glia and neuroimmune interactions in pain, which has been determined principally in male rodents and in the context of somatic pain conditions. It is then postulated that studying neuroimmune interactions involved in pain attributed to visceral diseases common to females may offer a more suitable avenue for investigating unique mechanisms involved in female pain. Further, we discuss the potential for primed spinal glia and subsequent neurogenic inflammation as a contributing factor in the development of peripheral inflammation, therefore, representing a predisposing factor for females in developing a high percentage of such persistent pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K N Dodds
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - E A H Beckett
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - S F Evans
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Pelvic Pain SA, Norwood, SA, Australia
| | - P M Grace
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - L R Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M R Hutchinson
- Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Allais L, De Smet R, Verschuere S, Talavera K, Cuvelier CA, Maes T. Transient Receptor Potential Channels in Intestinal Inflammation: What Is the Impact of Cigarette Smoking? Pathobiology 2016; 84:1-15. [DOI: 10.1159/000446568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Systemic desensitization through TRPA1 channels by capsazepine and mustard oil - a novel strategy against inflammation and pain. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28621. [PMID: 27356469 PMCID: PMC4928060 DOI: 10.1038/srep28621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel dual strategy against inflammation and pain through body-wide desensitization of nociceptors via TRPA1. Attenuation of experimental colitis by capsazepine (CPZ) has long been attributed to its antagonistic action on TRPV1 and associated inhibition of neurogenic inflammation. In contrast, we found that CPZ exerts its anti-inflammatory effects via profound desensitization of TRPA1. Micromolar CPZ induced calcium influx in isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons from wild-type (WT) but not TRPA1-deficient mice. CPZ-induced calcium transients in human TRPA1-expressing HEK293t cells were blocked by the selective TRPA1 antagonists HC 030031 and A967079 and involved three cysteine residues in the N-terminal domain. Intriguingly, both colonic enemas and drinking water with CPZ led to profound systemic hypoalgesia in WT and TRPV1−/− but not TRPA1−/− mice. These findings may guide the development of a novel class of disease-modifying drugs with anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects.
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Lagman-Bartolome AM, Lay C. Pediatric migraine variants: a review of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2016; 15:34. [PMID: 25903296 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric migraine variants, previously known as childhood periodic syndromes, migraine equivalents, or migraine precursors, are a group of periodic or paroxysmal disorders occurring in patients who also have migraine with or without aura, or who have an increased likelihood of developing migraine. They have common key clinical features including periodic or paroxysmal character, normal neurological examination between attacks, family history of migraine, and clinical evolution to classic types of migraine. This article aims to review the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of the pediatric migraine variants including abdominal migraine, benign paroxysmal vertigo, cyclic vomiting syndrome, and benign paroxysmal torticollis as well as the episodic syndromes that may lead to migraine, infantile colic, alternating hemiplegia of childhood, and vestibular migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marissa Lagman-Bartolome
- Headache Medicine, Pediatric Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada,
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Utsumi D, Matsumoto K, Amagase K, Horie S, Kato S. 5-HT3 receptors promote colonic inflammation via activation of substance P/neurokinin-1 receptors in dextran sulphate sodium-induced murine colitis. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1835-49. [PMID: 26990520 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 5-HT (serotonin) regulates various physiological functions, both directly and via enteric neurons. The present study investigated the role of endogenous 5-HT and 5-HT3 receptors in the pathogenic mechanisms involved in colonic inflammation, especially in relation to substance P (SP) and the neurokinin-1 (NK1 ) receptor. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of 5-HT3 and NK1 receptor antagonists were examined in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Inflammatory mediator expression and the distribution of 5-HT3 and NK1 receptors were also determined. KEY RESULTS Daily administration of ramosetron and ondansetron (5-HT3 antagonists) dose-dependently attenuated the severity of DSS-induced colitis and up-regulation of inflammatory mediator expression. Immunohistochemical analysis showed 5-HT3 receptors are mainly expressed in vesicular ACh transporter-positive cholinergic nerve fibres in normal colon. DSS increased the number of colonic nerve fibres that were double positive for 5-HT3 receptors and SP but not of those that were double positive for 5-HT3 receptors and vesicular ACh transporter. DSS increased colonic SP levels and SP-positive nerve fibres; these responses were attenuated by ramosetron. DSS-induced colitis and up-regulation of inflammatory mediators were attenuated by aprepitant, an NK1 antagonist. Immunohistochemical studies further revealed that DSS treatment markedly increased NK1 receptor expression in CD11b-positive cells. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings indicate that the 5-HT/5-HT3 receptor and SP/NK1 receptor pathways play pathogenic roles in colonic inflammation. 5-HT acts via 5-HT3 receptors to up-regulate inflammatory mediators and promote colonic inflammation. These effects may be further mediated by activation of macrophage NK1 receptors via SP released from 5-HT3 receptor-positive nerve fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Utsumi
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kikuko Amagase
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Syunji Horie
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai International University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kato
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ordovas-Montanes J, Rakoff-Nahoum S, Huang S, Riol-Blanco L, Barreiro O, von Andrian UH. The Regulation of Immunological Processes by Peripheral Neurons in Homeostasis and Disease. Trends Immunol 2016; 36:578-604. [PMID: 26431937 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system and the immune system are the principal sensory interfaces between the internal and external environment. They are responsible for recognizing, integrating, and responding to varied stimuli, and have the capacity to form memories of these encounters leading to learned or 'adaptive' future responses. We review current understanding of the cross-regulation between these systems. The autonomic and somatosensory nervous systems regulate both the development and deployment of immune cells, with broad functions that impact on hematopoiesis as well as on priming, migration, and cytokine production. In turn, specific immune cell subsets contribute to homeostatic neural circuits such as those controlling metabolism, hypertension, and the inflammatory reflex. We examine the contribution of the somatosensory system to autoimmune, autoinflammatory, allergic, and infectious processes in barrier tissues and, in this context, discuss opportunities for therapeutic manipulation of neuro-immune interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Seth Rakoff-Nahoum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siyi Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Olga Barreiro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Abstract
The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel is an irritant sensor highly expressed on nociceptive neurons. The clinical use of TRPA1 antagonists is based on the concept that TRPA1 is active during disease states like neuropathic pain. Indeed, in Phase 2a proof-of-concept studies the TRPA1 antagonist GRC17536 has shown efficacy in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Moreover, animal studies suggest that the therapeutic value of TRPA1 antagonists extends beyond pain to pruritus, asthma and cough with limited safety concerns. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the patent literature (since 2007) on small-molecule inhibitors of the TRPA1 channel. Despite the clear progress, many unanswered questions remain. Future advancement to Phase 3 studies will assess the real translational potential of this research field.
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Fernandes ES, Russell FA, Alawi KM, Sand C, Liang L, Salamon R, Bodkin JV, Aubdool AA, Arno M, Gentry C, Smillie SJ, Bevan S, Keeble JE, Malcangio M, Brain SD. Environmental cold exposure increases blood flow and affects pain sensitivity in the knee joints of CFA-induced arthritic mice in a TRPA1-dependent manner. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:7. [PMID: 26754745 PMCID: PMC4718045 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of cold temperature on arthritis symptoms is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate how environmental cold affects pain and blood flow in mono-arthritic mice, and examine a role for transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), a ligand-gated cation channel that can act as a cold sensor. METHODS Mono-arthritis was induced by unilateral intra-articular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in CD1 mice, and in mice either lacking TRPA1 (TRPA1 KO) or respective wildtypes (WT). Two weeks later, nociception and joint blood flow were measured following exposure to 10 °C (1 h) or room temperature (RT). Primary mechanical hyperalgesia in the knee was measured by pressure application apparatus; secondary mechanical hyperalgesia by automated von Frey system; thermal hyperalgesia by Hargreaves technique, and weight bearing by the incapacitance test. Joint blood flow was recorded by full-field laser perfusion imager (FLPI) and using clearance of (99m)Technetium. Blood flow was assessed after pretreatment with antagonists of either TRPA1 (HC-030031), substance P neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors (SR140333) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) (CGRP8-37). TRPA1, TAC-1 and CGRP mRNA levels were examined in dorsal root ganglia, synovial membrane and patellar cartilage samples. RESULTS Cold exposure caused bilateral primary mechanical hyperalgesia 2 weeks after CFA injection, in a TRPA1-dependent manner. In animals maintained at RT, clearance techniques and FLPI showed that CFA-treated joints exhibited lower blood flow than saline-treated joints. In cold-exposed animals, this reduction in blood flow disappears, and increased blood flow in the CFA-treated joint is observed using FLPI. Cold-induced increased blood flow in CFA-treated joints was blocked by HC-030031 and not observed in TRPA1 KOs. Cold exposure increased TRPA1 mRNA levels in patellar cartilage, whilst reducing it in synovial membranes from CFA-treated joints. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that environmental cold exposure enhances pain and increases blood flow in a mono-arthritis model. These changes are dependent on TRPA1. Thus, TRPA1 may act locally within the joint to influence blood flow via sensory nerves, in addition to its established nociceptive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Fernandes
- Centre for Cardiovascular Excellence, Waterloo Campus, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA, 65075-120, Brazil.
| | - Fiona A Russell
- Centre for Cardiovascular Excellence, Waterloo Campus, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Khadija M Alawi
- Centre for Cardiovascular Excellence, Waterloo Campus, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Claire Sand
- Centre for Cardiovascular Excellence, Waterloo Campus, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Lihuan Liang
- Centre for Cardiovascular Excellence, Waterloo Campus, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Robin Salamon
- Centre for Cardiovascular Excellence, Waterloo Campus, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Jennifer V Bodkin
- Centre for Cardiovascular Excellence, Waterloo Campus, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Aisah A Aubdool
- Centre for Cardiovascular Excellence, Waterloo Campus, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Matthew Arno
- Genomics Centre, Waterloo Campus, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Clive Gentry
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Sarah-Jane Smillie
- Centre for Cardiovascular Excellence, Waterloo Campus, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Stuart Bevan
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Julie E Keeble
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Waterloo Campus, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Marzia Malcangio
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Susan D Brain
- Centre for Cardiovascular Excellence, Waterloo Campus, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Hepatocyte Growth Factor and MET Support Mouse Enteric Nervous System Development, the Peristaltic Response, and Intestinal Epithelial Proliferation in Response to Injury. J Neurosci 2015; 35:11543-58. [PMID: 26290232 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5267-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Factors providing trophic support to diverse enteric neuron subtypes remain poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the HGF receptor MET might support some types of enteric neurons. HGF and MET are expressed in fetal and adult enteric nervous system. In vitro, HGF increased enteric neuron differentiation and neurite length, but only if vanishingly small amounts (1 pg/ml) of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor were included in culture media. HGF effects were blocked by phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor and by MET-blocking antibody. Both of these inhibitors and MEK inhibition reduced neurite length. In adult mice, MET was restricted to a subset of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive (IR) myenteric plexus neurons thought to be intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs). Conditional MET kinase domain inactivation (Met(fl/fl); Wnt1Cre+) caused a dramatic loss of myenteric plexus MET-IR neurites and 1-1'-dioctodecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyamine perchlorate (DiI) labeling suggested reduced MET-IR neurite length. In vitro, Met(fl/fl); Wnt1Cre+ mouse bowel had markedly reduced peristalsis in response to mucosal deformation, but normal response to radial muscle stretch. However, whole-bowel transit, small-bowel transit, and colonic-bead expulsion were normal in Met(fl/fl); Wnt1Cre+ mice. Finally, Met(fl/fl); Wnt1Cre+ mice had more bowel injury and reduced epithelial cell proliferation compared with WT animals after dextran sodium sulfate treatment. These results suggest that HGF/MET signaling is important for development and function of a subset IPANs and that these cells regulate intestinal motility and epithelial cell proliferation in response to bowel injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The enteric nervous system has many neuronal subtypes that coordinate and control intestinal activity. Trophic factors that support these neuron types and enhance neurite growth after fetal development are not well understood. We show that a subset of adult calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-expressing myenteric neurons produce MET, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, and that loss of MET activity affects peristalsis in response to mucosal stroking, reduces MET-immunoreactive neurites, and increases susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate-induced bowel injury. These observations may be relevant for understanding and treating intestinal motility disorders and also suggest that enhancing the activity of MET-expressing CGRP neurons might be a useful strategy to reduce bowel inflammation.
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Poole DP, Lieu T, Pelayo JC, Eriksson EM, Veldhuis NA, Bunnett NW. Inflammation-induced abnormalities in the subcellular localization and trafficking of the neurokinin 1 receptor in the enteric nervous system. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G248-59. [PMID: 26138465 PMCID: PMC4537929 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00118.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Activated G protein-coupled receptors traffic to endosomes and are sorted to recycling or degradative pathways. Endosomes are also a site of receptor signaling of sustained and pathophysiologically important processes, including inflammation. However, the mechanisms of endosomal sorting of receptors and the impact of disease on trafficking have not been fully defined. We examined the effects of inflammation on the subcellular distribution and trafficking of the substance P (SP) neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) in enteric neurons. We studied NK1R trafficking in enteric neurons of the mouse colon using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. The impact of inflammation was studied in IL10(-/-)-piroxicam and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid colitis models. NK1R was localized to the plasma membrane of myenteric and submucosal neurons of the uninflamed colon. SP evoked NK1R endocytosis and recycling. Deletion of β-arrestin2, which associates with the activated NK1R, accelerated recycling. Inhibition of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), which degrades endosomal SP, prevented recycling. Inflammation was associated with NK1R endocytosis in myenteric but not submucosal neurons. Whereas the NK1R in uninflamed neurons recycled within 60 min, NK1R recycling in inflamed neurons was delayed for >120 min, suggesting defective recycling machinery. Inflammation was associated with β-arrestin2 upregulation and ECE-1 downregulation, which may contribute to the defective NK1R recycling. We conclude that inflammation evokes redistribution of NK1R from the plasma membrane to endosomes of myenteric neurons through enhanced SP release and defective NK1R recycling. Defective recycling may be secondary to upregulation of β-arrestin2 and downregulation of ECE-1. Internalized NK1R may generate sustained proinflammatory signals that disrupt normal neuronal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Poole
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia;
| | - TinaMarie Lieu
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Juan Carlos Pelayo
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily M Eriksson
- Population Health & Immunity, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Veldhuis
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Genetics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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Vannucchi MG, Evangelista S. Neurokinin receptors in the gastrointestinal muscle wall: cell distribution and possible roles. Biomol Concepts 2015; 4:221-31. [PMID: 25436578 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2013-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurokinin receptors are G-protein-linked receptors; three distinct molecules, called neurokinin-1, neurokinin-2, and neurokinin-3 receptors, have been identified. Their physiological ligands are the tachykinins, which, in the mammalian gut, correspond to substance P, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B. In this apparatus, the main source of tachykinins is represented by intrinsic neurons located either in the myenteric plexus and projecting mainly to the muscle coat, or in the submucous plexus and projecting to the mucosa and submucosal blood vessels. The availability of specific antibodies has allowed identifying the sites of distribution of the neurokinin receptors in the gut, and important differences have been found among cell types and animal species. The complexity of the receptor distribution, either intraspecies or interspecies, is in agreement with the variegated picture coming out from physiological and pharmacological experiments. Interestingly, most of the knowledge on the tachykinin systems has been obtained from pathological conditions. Here, we tried to collect the main information available on the cellular distribution of the neurokinin receptors in the gut wall in the attempt to correlate their cell location with the several roles the tachykinins seem to play in the gastrointestinal apparatus.
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49
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McMahon SB, Russa FL, Bennett DLH. Crosstalk between the nociceptive and immune systems in host defence and disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:389-402. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn3946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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50
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TRPM8 on mucosal sensory nerves regulates colitogenic responses by innate immune cells via CGRP. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:491-504. [PMID: 25269705 PMCID: PMC4382463 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
TRPM8 is the molecular sensor for cold; however, the physiological role of TRPM8+ neurons at mucosal surfaces is unclear. Here we evaluated the distribution and peptidergic properties of TRPM8+ fibers in naive and inflamed colons, as well as their role in mucosal inflammation. We found that Trpm8(-/-) mice were hypersusceptible to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, and that Trpm8(-/-) CD11c+ DCs (dendritic cells) showed hyperinflammatory responses to toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. This was phenocopied in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor-deficient mice, but not in substance P receptor-deficient mice, suggesting a functional link between TRPM8 and CGRP. The DSS phenotype of CGRP receptor-deficient mice could be adoptively transferred to wild-type (WT) mice, suggesting that CGRP suppresses the colitogenic activity of bone marrow-derived cells. TRPM8+ mucosal fibers expressed CGRP in human and mouse colon. Furthermore, neuronal CGRP contents were increased in colons from naive and DSS-treated Trpm8(-/-) mice, suggesting deficient CGRP release in the absence of TRPM8 triggering. Finally, treatment of Trpm8(-/-) mice with CGRP reversed their hyperinflammatory phenotype. These results suggest that TRPM8 signaling in mucosal sensory neurons is indispensable for the regulation of innate inflammatory responses via the neuropeptide CGRP.
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