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Wang S, Gong X, Xiao F, Yang Y. Recent advances in host-focused molecular tools for investigating host-gut microbiome interactions. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1335036. [PMID: 38605718 PMCID: PMC11007152 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1335036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities in the human gut play a significant role in regulating host gene expression, influencing a variety of biological processes. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying host-microbe interactions, tools that can dissect signaling networks are required. In this review, we discuss recent advances in molecular tools used to study this interplay, with a focus on those that explore how the microbiome regulates host gene expression. These tools include CRISPR-based whole-body genetic tools for deciphering host-specific genes involved in the interaction process, Cre-loxP based tissue/cell-specific gene editing approaches, and in vitro models of host-derived organoids. Overall, the application of these molecular tools is revolutionizing our understanding of how host-microbiome interactions contribute to health and disease, paving the way for improved therapies and interventions that target microbial influences on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Niu T, Li Z, Huang Y, Ye Y, Liu Y, Ye Z, Jiang L, He X, Wang L, Li J. LFA-1 knockout inhibited the tumor growth and is correlated with treg cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:233. [PMID: 37723552 PMCID: PMC10506322 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01238-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has been proven to be clinically effective in multiple types of cancers. Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), a member of the integrin family of adhesion molecules, is expressed mainly on αβ T cells. LFA-1 is associated with tumor immune responses, but its exact mechanism remains unknown. Here, two kinds of mice tumor model of LFA-1 knockout (LFA-1-/-) mice bearing subcutaneous tumor and Apc Min/+;LFA-1-/- mice were used to confirm that LFA-1 knockout resulted in inhibition of tumor growth. Furthermore, it also demonstrated that the numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in the spleen, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes were decreased in LFA-1-/- mice, and the numbers of Treg cells in mesenteric lymph nodes were also decreased in Apc Min/+;LFA-1-/- mice compared with Apc Min/+ mice. LFA-1 inhibitor (BIRT377) was administered to subcutaneous tumor-bearing LFA-1+/+ mice, and the results showed that the tumor growth was inhibited and the number of Treg cells was reduced. The analysis of TIMER tumor database indicated that LFA-1 expression is positively associated with Treg cells and TNM stage. Conclusively, this suggests that LFA-1 knockout would inhibit tumor growth and is correlated with Treg cells. LFA-1 may be one potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Niu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyang Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiting Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Ye
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijin Ye
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingbi Jiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jiangchao Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Waihuan Rd. E, Higher Education Mega Center, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
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Kim YJ, Oh J, Jung S, Kim CJ, Choi J, Jeon YK, Kim HJ, Kim JW, Suh CH, Lee Y, Im SH, Crotty S, Choi YS. The transcription factor Mef2d regulates B:T synapse-dependent GC-T FH differentiation and IL-21-mediated humoral immunity. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf2248. [PMID: 36961907 PMCID: PMC10311795 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Communication between CD4 T cells and cognate B cells is key for the former to fully mature into germinal center-T follicular helper (GC-TFH) cells and for the latter to mount a CD4 T cell-dependent humoral immune response. Although this interaction occurs in a B:T synapse-dependent manner, how CD4 T cells transcriptionally regulate B:T synapse formation remains largely unknown. Here, we report that Mef2d, an isoform of the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (Mef2) transcription factor family, is a critical regulator of this process. In CD4 T cells, Mef2d negatively regulates expression of Sh2d1a, which encodes SLAM-associated protein (SAP), a critical regulator of B:T synapses. We found that Mef2d regulates Sh2d1a expression via DNA binding-dependent transcriptional repression, inhibiting SAP-dependent B:T synapse formation and preventing antigen-specific CD4 T cells from differentiating into GC-TFH cells. Mef2d also impeded IL-21 production by CD4 T cells, an important B cell help signaling molecule, via direct repression of the Il21 gene. In contrast, CD4 T cell-specific disruption of Mef2d led to a substantial increase in GC-TFH differentiation in response to protein immunization, concurrent with enhanced SAP expression. MEF2D mRNA expression inversely correlates with human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient autoimmune parameters, including circulating TFH-like cell frequencies, autoantibodies, and SLEDAI scores. These findings highlight Mef2d as a pivotal rheostat in CD4 T cells for controlling GC formation and antibody production by B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeein Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soohan Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Johng Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Jinyong Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
- ImmunoBiome Inc., Pohang, Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Histone deacetylase 1 controls CD4 + T cell trafficking in autoinflammatory diseases. J Autoimmun 2021; 119:102610. [PMID: 33621930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T cell trafficking is a fundamental property of adaptive immunity. In this study, we uncover a novel role for histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in controlling effector CD4+ T cell migration, thereby providing mechanistic insight into why a T cell-specific deletion of HDAC1 protects against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). HDAC1-deficient CD4+ T cells downregulated genes associated with leukocyte extravasation. In vitro, HDAC1-deficient CD4+ T cells displayed aberrant morphology and migration on surfaces coated with integrin LFA-1 ligand ICAM-1 and showed an impaired ability to arrest on and to migrate across a monolayer of primary mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells under physiological flow. Moreover, HDAC1 deficiency reduced homing of CD4+ T cells into the intestinal epithelium and lamina propria preventing weight-loss, crypt damage and intestinal inflammation in adoptive CD4+ T cell transfer colitis. This correlated with reduced expression levels of LFA-1 integrin chains CD11a and CD18 as well as of selectin ligands CD43, CD44 and CD162 on transferred circulating HDAC1-deficient CD4+ T cells. Our data reveal that HDAC1 controls T cell-mediated autoimmunity via the regulation of CD4+ T cell trafficking into the CNS and intestinal tissues.
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The Functional Crosstalk between Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Regulatory T Cells within the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020210. [PMID: 33430105 PMCID: PMC7827203 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immunotherapy improved the therapeutic landscape for patients with advanced cancer diseases. However, many patients do not benefit from immunotherapy. The bidirectional crosstalk between myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Treg) contributes to immune evasion, limiting the success of immunotherapy by checkpoint inhibitors. This review aims to outline the current knowledge of the role and the immunosuppressive properties of MDSC and Treg within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, we will discuss the importance of the functional crosstalk between MDSC and Treg for immunosuppression, issuing particularly the role of cell adhesion molecules. Lastly, we will depict the impact of this interaction for cancer research and discuss several strategies aimed to target these pathways for tumor therapy. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have led to profound and durable tumor regression in some patients with metastatic cancer diseases. However, many patients still do not derive benefit from immunotherapy. Here, the accumulation of immunosuppressive cell populations within the tumor microenvironment (TME), such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), and regulatory T cells (Treg), contributes to the development of immune resistance. MDSC and Treg expand systematically in tumor patients and inhibit T cell activation and T effector cell function. Numerous studies have shown that the immunosuppressive mechanisms exerted by those inhibitory cell populations comprise soluble immunomodulatory mediators and receptor interactions. The latter are also required for the crosstalk of MDSC and Treg, raising questions about the relevance of cell–cell contacts for the establishment of their inhibitory properties. This review aims to outline the current knowledge on the crosstalk between these two cell populations, issuing particularly the potential role of cell adhesion molecules. In this regard, we further discuss the relevance of β2 integrins, which are essential for the differentiation and function of leukocytes as well as for MDSC–Treg interaction. Lastly, we aim to describe the impact of such bidirectional crosstalk for basic and applied cancer research and discuss how the targeting of these pathways might pave the way for future approaches in immunotherapy.
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Bednarczyk M, Stege H, Grabbe S, Bros M. β2 Integrins-Multi-Functional Leukocyte Receptors in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1402. [PMID: 32092981 PMCID: PMC7073085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
β2 integrins are heterodimeric surface receptors composed of a variable α (CD11a-CD11d) and a constant β (CD18) subunit and are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The α subunit defines the individual functional properties of the corresponding β2 integrin, but all β2 integrins show functional overlap. They mediate adhesion to other cells and to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), orchestrate uptake of extracellular material like complement-opsonized pathogens, control cytoskeletal organization, and modulate cell signaling. This review aims to delineate the tremendous role of β2 integrins for immune functions as exemplified by the phenotype of LAD-I (leukocyte adhesion deficiency 1) patients that suffer from strong recurrent infections. These immune defects have been largely attributed to impaired migratory and phagocytic properties of polymorphonuclear granulocytes. The molecular base for this inherited disease is a functional impairment of β2 integrins due to mutations within the CD18 gene. LAD-I patients are also predisposed for autoimmune diseases. In agreement, polymorphisms within the CD11b gene have been associated with autoimmunity. Consequently, β2 integrins have received growing interest as targets in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, β2 integrin activity on leukocytes has been implicated in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.B.); (H.S.); (S.G.)
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Dzutsev A, Hogg A, Sui Y, Solaymani-Mohammadi S, Yu H, Frey B, Wang Y, Berzofsky JA. Differential T cell homing to colon vs. small intestine is imprinted by local CD11c + APCs that determine homing receptors. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1381-1388. [PMID: 28951425 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1a1116-463rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that imprint T cell homing to the small intestine have been well studied; however, those for homing to the colon are poorly understood. Recently, we found that these are distinct subcompartments of the gut mucosal immune system, which implies differential homing. Here, we show that colonic CD11c+ APCs imprint CD8+ T cell preferential homing to the colon, in contrast to those from the small intestine that imprint CD8+ T cell homing to the small intestine, and that the differences are related to the variable ability of APCs to induce α4β7-integrin and CCR9 expression on T cells. Colon APCs also expressed lower levels of retinoic acid-producing enzymes that are known to control the mucosal homing of T cells. These findings are the first to our knowledge to directly demonstrate that colon APCs imprint T cells to selectively home to the large bowel, which is critical for the design of successful T cell-based therapies and vaccines, such as colon cancer immunotherapy and HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amiran Dzutsev
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alison Hogg
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongjun Sui
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Huifeng Yu
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Blake Frey
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Cantor JM, Rose DM, Slepak M, Ginsberg MH. Fine-tuning Tumor Immunity with Integrin Trans-regulation. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:661-7. [PMID: 25600437 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-13-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Inefficient T-cell homing to tissues limits adoptive T-cell immunotherapy of solid tumors. αLβ2 and α4β1 integrins mediate trafficking of T cells into tissues via engagement of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, respectively. Inhibiting protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of α4 integrin in cells results in an increase in αLβ2-mediated migration on mixed ICAM-1-VCAM-1 substrates in vitro, a phenomenon termed "integrin trans-regulation." Here, we created an α4(S988A)-bearing mouse, which precludes PKA-mediated α4 phosphorylation, to examine the effect of integrin trans-regulation in vivo. The α4(S988A) mouse exhibited a dramatic and selective increase in migration of lymphocytes, but not myeloid cells, to sites of inflammation. Importantly, we found that the α4(S988A) mice exhibited a marked increase in T-cell entry into and reduced growth of B16 melanomas, consistent with antitumor roles of infiltrating T cells and progrowth functions of tumor-associated macrophages. Thus, increased α4 trans-regulation of αLβ2 integrin function biases leukocyte emigration toward lymphocytes relative to myeloid cells and enhances tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Cantor
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| | - David M Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Marina Slepak
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark H Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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