1
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Hall DCN, Benndorf RA. Aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated Colorectal Cancer: potential mechanisms revisited. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:393. [PMID: 35780223 PMCID: PMC9250486 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PIK3CA mutations are amongst the most prevalent somatic mutations in cancer and are associated with resistance to first-line treatment along with low survival rates in a variety of malignancies. There is evidence that patients carrying PIK3CA mutations may benefit from treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin, particularly in the setting of colorectal cancer. In this regard, it has been clarified that Class IA Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K), whose catalytic subunit p110α is encoded by the PIK3CA gene, are involved in signal transduction that regulates cell cycle, cell growth, and metabolism and, if disturbed, induces carcinogenic effects. Although PI3K is associated with pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and signaling, and COX-2 is among the best-studied targets of aspirin, the mechanisms behind this clinically relevant phenomenon are still unclear. Indeed, there is further evidence that the protective, anti-carcinogenic effect of aspirin in this setting may be mediated in a COX-independent manner. However, until now the understanding of aspirin's prostaglandin-independent mode of action is poor. This review will provide an overview of the current literature on this topic and aims to analyze possible mechanisms and targets behind the aspirin sensitivity of PIK3CA-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella C N Hall
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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2
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Kim S, Kim T, Kim M, Oh D. Production of
11
R
‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic
acid from arachidonic acid by
Escherichia coli
cells expressing arachidonate
11
R
‐lipoxygenase
from
Nostoc
sp. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su‐Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Tae‐Hun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Min‐Ju Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Deok‐Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Konkuk University Seoul Republic of Korea
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3
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SUSAI N, KUROITA T, KURONUMA K, YOSHIOKA T. Analysis of the gut microbiome to validate a mouse model of pellagra. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2022; 41:73-82. [PMID: 35433165 PMCID: PMC8970653 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2021-059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsumi SUSAI
- Translational Research Unit, Infectious Disease Marker, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Tomohiro KUROITA
- Translational Research Unit, Infectious Disease Marker, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Koji KURONUMA
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, S1 W17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Takeshi YOSHIOKA
- Translational Research Unit, Infectious Disease Marker, Biomarker R&D Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Futaba-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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4
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Chen LC, Tseng HM, Kuo ML, Chiu CY, Liao SL, Su KW, Tsai MH, Hua MC, Lai SH, Yao TC, Yeh KW, Wu AH, Yu HY, Huang JL, Huang SK. Levels of 15-HETE and TXB 2 in exhaled breath condensates as markers for diagnosis of childhood asthma and its therapeutic outcome. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1673-1680. [PMID: 34176158 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of eicosanoids is associated with asthma and a composite of oxylipins, including exhaled leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ), characterizes childhood asthma. While fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been used as the standard for monitoring steroid responsiveness, the potential utility of eicosanoids in monitoring the therapeutic outcomes remains unclear. We aimed to examine the levels of major eicosanoids representing different metabolic pathways in exhaled breath condensates (EBCs) of children with asthma during exacerbation and after treatment. METHODS Levels of 6 exhaled eicosanoid species in asthmatic children and healthy subjects were evaluated using ELISA. RESULTS In addition to those previously reported, including LTB4 , the levels of exhaled 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), but not thromboxane B2 (TXB2 ), showed significant difference between asthmatics (N = 318) and healthy controls (N = 97), particularly the severe group showed the lowest levels of exhaled 15-HETE. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses revealed similar distinguishing power for the levels of 15-HETE, FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second), and FeNO, while the 15-HETE/LTB4 ratio was significantly lower in subjects with asthma as compared to that of healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Analysis of asthmatics (N = 75) during exacerbation and convalescence showed significant improvement in lung function (FEV1 , p < .001), but not FeNO, concomitant with significantly increased levels of 15-HETE (p < .001) and reduced levels of TXB2 (p < .05) at convalescence, particularly for those who at the top 30% level during exacerbation. Further, decreased LTB4 and lipoxin A4 (LXA4 ) at convalescence were noted only in those at the top 30 percentile during exacerbation. CONCLUSION The exhaled 15-HETE was found to discriminate childhood asthma while decreased levels of exhaled TXB2 and increased levels of 15-HETE were prominent at convalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Min Tseng
- Department of Healthcare Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Chiu
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sui-Ling Liao
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Wen Su
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Man-Chin Hua
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Hao Lai
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Yao
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yueh Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Guardiola JJ, Hardesty JE, Beier JI, Prough RA, McClain CJ, Cave MC. Plasma Metabolomics Analysis of Polyvinyl Chloride Workers Identifies Altered Processes and Candidate Biomarkers for Hepatic Hemangiosarcoma and Its Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5093. [PMID: 34065028 PMCID: PMC8150673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-level occupational vinyl chloride (VC) exposures have been associated with hepatic hemangiosarcoma, which typically develops following a long latency period. Although VC is genotoxic, a more comprehensive mode of action has not been determined and diagnostic biomarkers have not been established. The purpose of this study is to address these knowledge gaps through plasma metabolomics. METHODS Plasma samples from polyvinyl chloride polymerization workers who developed hemangiosarcoma (cases, n = 15) and VC exposure-matched controls (n = 17) underwent metabolomic analysis. Random forest and bioinformatic analyses were performed. RESULTS Cases and controls had similar demographics and routine liver biochemistries. Mass spectroscopy identified 606 known metabolites. Random forest analysis had an 82% predictive accuracy for group classification. 60 metabolites were significantly increased and 44 were decreased vs. controls. Taurocholate, bradykinin and fibrin degradation product 2 were up-regulated by greater than 80-fold. The naturally occurring anti-angiogenic phenol, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, was down-regulated 5-fold. Top affected ontologies involved: (i) metabolism of bile acids, taurine, cholesterol, fatty acids and amino acids; (ii) inflammation and oxidative stress; and (iii) nicotinic cholinergic signaling. CONCLUSIONS The plasma metabolome was differentially regulated in polyvinyl chloride workers who developed hepatic hemangiosarcoma. Ontologies potentially involved in hemangiosarcoma pathogenesis and candidate biomarkers were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Guardiola
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.J.G.); (J.E.H.); (C.J.M.)
| | - Josiah E. Hardesty
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.J.G.); (J.E.H.); (C.J.M.)
- Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville Division of Gastroenterology, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Juliane I. Beier
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Russell A. Prough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.J.G.); (J.E.H.); (C.J.M.)
- Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville Division of Gastroenterology, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- The UofL Health—Jewish Hospital Trager Transplant Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- The University of Louisville Superfund Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Matthew C. Cave
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (J.J.G.); (J.E.H.); (C.J.M.)
- Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville Division of Gastroenterology, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Liver Research Center (PLRC), Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- The Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
- The UofL Health—Jewish Hospital Trager Transplant Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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6
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Yang S, Gong Z, Liu Z, Wei M, Xue L, Vlantis AC, Zhang Y, Chan JYK, van Hasselt CA, Zeng X, Qiu S, Tang N, Du J, Wei W, Tong MCF, Chen GG. Differential Effects of Estrogen Receptor Alpha and Beta on Endogenous Ligands of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:708248. [PMID: 34557159 PMCID: PMC8453163 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.708248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) or the activation of ERβ can inhibit papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), but the precise mechanism is not known. We aimed to explore the role of ERα and ERβ on the production of endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) ligands in PTC. METHODS 2 PTC cell lines, 32 pairs of PTC tissues and matched normal thyroid tissues were used in this study. The levels of endogenous PPARγ ligands 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE), 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13(S)-HODE), and15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2) were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The levels of PGJ2 and 15(S)-HETE were significantly reduced in PTC, but 13(S)-HODE was not changed. Activation of ERα or inhibition of ERβ significantly downregulated the production of PGJ2, 15(S)-HETE and 13(S)-HODE, whereas inhibition of ERα or activation of ERβ markedly upregulated the production of these three ligands. Application of endogenous PPARγ ligands inhibited growth, induced apoptosis of cancer cells, and promoted the efficacy of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION The levels of endogenous PPARγ ligands PGJ2 and 15(S)-HETE are significantly decreased in PTC. The inhibition of ERα or activation of ERβ can inhibit PTC by stimulating the production of endogenous PPARγ ligands to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucai Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingshan District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongqin Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghui Wei
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingbin Xue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alexander C. Vlantis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Pingshan District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jason YK. Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C Andrew van Hasselt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), Institute of ENT & Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuqi Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), Institute of ENT & Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nelson Tang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Michael CF Tong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: George G. Chen, ; Michael CF Tong,
| | - George G. Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: George G. Chen, ; Michael CF Tong,
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7
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Manickam R, Duszka K, Wahli W. PPARs and Microbiota in Skeletal Muscle Health and Wasting. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218056. [PMID: 33137899 PMCID: PMC7662636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major metabolic organ that uses mostly glucose and lipids for energy production and has the capacity to remodel itself in response to exercise and fasting. Skeletal muscle wasting occurs in many diseases and during aging. Muscle wasting is often accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation associated to inter- and intra-muscular fat deposition. During aging, muscle wasting is advanced due to increased movement disorders, as a result of restricted physical exercise, frailty, and the pain associated with arthritis. Muscle atrophy is characterized by increased protein degradation, where the ubiquitin-proteasomal and autophagy-lysosomal pathways, atrogenes, and growth factor signaling all play an important role. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors, which are activated by fatty acids and their derivatives. PPARs regulate genes that are involved in development, metabolism, inflammation, and many cellular processes in different organs. PPARs are also expressed in muscle and exert pleiotropic specialized responses upon activation by their ligands. There are three PPAR isotypes, viz., PPARα, -β/δ, and -γ. The expression of PPARα is high in tissues with effective fatty acid catabolism, including skeletal muscle. PPARβ/δ is expressed more ubiquitously and is the predominant isotype in skeletal muscle. It is involved in energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fiber-type switching. The expression of PPARγ is high in adipocytes, but it is also implicated in lipid deposition in muscle and other organs. Collectively, all three PPAR isotypes have a major impact on muscle homeostasis either directly or indirectly. Furthermore, reciprocal interactions have been found between PPARs and the gut microbiota along the gut–muscle axis in both health and disease. Herein, we review functions of PPARs in skeletal muscle and their interaction with the gut microbiota in the context of muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikumar Manickam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Toxalim, INRAE, Chemin de Tournefeuille 180, F-31027 Toulouse, France
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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8
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Caloric Restriction-Common Pathways Affecting Metabolism, Health, and Longevity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071708. [PMID: 32708786 PMCID: PMC7407644 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a traditional but scientifically verified approach to promoting health and increasing lifespan. CR exerts its effects through multiple molecular pathways that trigger major metabolic adaptations. It influences key nutrient and energy-sensing pathways including mammalian target of rapamycin, Sirtuin 1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and insulin signaling, ultimately resulting in reductions in basic metabolic rate, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as increased autophagy and mitochondrial efficiency. CR shares multiple overlapping pathways with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly in energy metabolism and inflammation. Consequently, several lines of evidence suggest that PPARs might be indispensable for beneficial outcomes related to CR. In this review, we present the available evidence for the interconnection between CR and PPARs, highlighting their shared pathways and analyzing their interaction. We also discuss the possible contributions of PPARs to the effects of CR on whole organism outcomes.
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9
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Zhou M, Chen J, Zhang H, Liu H, Yao H, Wang X, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Yang N. KLF10 inhibits cell growth by regulating PTTG1 in multiple myeloma under the regulation of microRNA-106b-5p. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2063-2071. [PMID: 32549754 PMCID: PMC7294933 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10) has been identified as an important regulator in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. However, the role of KLF10 in multiply myeloma (MM) development and progression remains unknown. In present study, we found that KLF10 mRNA and protein were down-regulated in MM tissues and cell lines. Notably, KLF10 inhibited cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and promoted apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we confirmed that KLF10 inhibited β-catenin nuclear translocation and inhibited PTTG1 transcription. PTTG1 knockdown could mimic the biological effects of KLF10. Moreover, we demonstrated that KLF10 expression was regulated by miR-106b-5p. In MM tissues, miR-106b-5p has an inverse correlation with KLF10 expression. Conclusively, our results demonstrated that KLF10 functions as a tumor suppressor in regulating tumor growth of MM under regulation of miR-106b-5p, supporting its potential therapeutic target for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No. 277, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jinqiu Chen
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road No. 157, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road No. 157, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Hailing Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road No. 157, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Huan Yao
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road No. 157, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xiaman Wang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road No. 157, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Wanggang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, West Five Road No. 157, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yingren Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No. 277, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta West Road No. 277, Xi'an 710061, China
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10
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Pakiet A, Kobiela J, Stepnowski P, Sledzinski T, Mika A. Changes in lipids composition and metabolism in colorectal cancer: a review. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:29. [PMID: 30684960 PMCID: PMC6347819 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism of lipids is currently considered a hallmark characteristic of many malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Lipids are a large group of metabolites that differ in terms of their fatty acid composition. This review summarizes recent evidence, documenting many alterations in the content and composition of fatty acids, polar lipids, oxylipins and triacylglycerols in CRC patients' sera, tumor tissues and adipose tissue. Some of altered lipid molecules may be potential biomarkers of CRC risk, development and progression. Owing to a significant role of many lipids in cancer cell metabolism, some of lipid metabolism pathways may also constitute specific targets for anti-CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
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11
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA. It is of practical importance to identify novel therapeutic targets of CRC to develop new anti-cancer drugs and to discover novel biomarkers of CRC to develop new detection methods. Eicosanoids, which are metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids produced by cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, are important lipid-signaling molecules involved in the regulation of inflammation and tumorigenesis. Substantial studies have shown that the profiles of eicosanoids are deregulated in CRC, and the enzymes, metabolites, and receptors in the eicosanoid signaling cascade play critical roles in regulating colonic inflammation and colon tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the roles of the COX, LOX, and CYP pathways in the carcinogenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Weicang Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Z Sanidad
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Pei-An Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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12
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Duszka K, Wahli W. Enteric Microbiota⁻Gut⁻Brain Axis from the Perspective of Nuclear Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082210. [PMID: 30060580 PMCID: PMC6121494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) play a key role in regulating virtually all body functions, thus maintaining a healthy operating body with all its complex systems. Recently, gut microbiota emerged as major factor contributing to the health of the whole organism. Enteric bacteria have multiple ways to influence their host and several of them involve communication with the brain. Mounting evidence of cooperation between gut flora and NRs is already available. However, the full potential of the microbiota interconnection with NRs remains to be uncovered. Herewith, we present the current state of knowledge on the multifaceted roles of NRs in the enteric microbiota–gut–brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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13
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Memon A, Lee WK. KLF10 as a Tumor Suppressor Gene and Its TGF-β Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E161. [PMID: 29799499 PMCID: PMC6025274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10), originally named TGF-β (Transforming growth factor beta) inducible early gene 1 (TIEG1), is a DNA-binding transcriptional regulator containing a triple C2H2 zinc finger domain. By binding to Sp1 (specificity protein 1) sites on the DNA and interactions with other regulatory transcription factors, KLF10 encourages and suppresses the expression of multiple genes in many cell types. Many studies have investigated its signaling cascade, but other than the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, these are still not clear. KLF10 plays a role in proliferation, differentiation as well as apoptosis, just like other members of the SP (specificity proteins)/KLF (Krüppel-like Factors). Recently, several studies reported that KLF10 KO (Knock out) is associated with defects in cell and organs such as osteopenia, abnormal tendon or cardiac hypertrophy. Since KLF10 was first discovered, several studies have defined its role in cancer as a tumor suppressor. KLF10 demonstrate anti-proliferative effects and induce apoptosis in various carcinoma cells including pancreatic cancer, leukemia, and osteoporosis. Collectively, these data indicate that KLF10 plays a significant role in various biological processes and diseases, but its role in cancer is still unclear. Therefore, this review was conducted to describe and discuss the role and function of KLF10 in diseases, including cancer, with a special emphasis on its signaling with TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Memon
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
| | - Woon Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.
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14
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Jain R, Austin Pickens C, Fenton JI. The role of the lipidome in obesity-mediated colon cancer risk. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 59:1-9. [PMID: 29605789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a state of chronic inflammation influenced by lipids such as fatty acids and their secondary oxygenated metabolites deemed oxylipids. Many such lipid mediators serve as potent signaling molecules of inflammation, which can further alter lipid metabolism and lead to carcinogenesis. For example, sphingosine-1-phosphate activates cyclooxygenase-2 in endothelial cells resulting in the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 promotes colon cancer cell growth. In contrast, the less studied path of AA oxygenation via cytochrome p450 enzymes produces epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EETs), whose anti-inflammatory properties cause shrinking of enlarged adipocytes, a characteristic of obesity, through the liberation of fatty acids. It is now thought that EET depletion occurs in obesity and may contribute to colon cell carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, gangliosides, a type of sphingolipid, are cell surface signaling molecules that contribute to the apoptosis of colon tumor cells. Many of these discoveries have been made recently and the mechanisms are still not fully understood, leading to an exciting new chapter of lipidomic research. In this review, mechanisms behind obesity-associated colon cancer are discussed with a focus on the role of small lipid signaling molecules in the process. Specifically, changes in lipid metabolite levels during obesity and the development of colon cancer, as well as novel biomarkers and targets for therapy, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Jain
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - C Austin Pickens
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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15
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Zhang J, Yang Q, Li J, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Huang Q, Chen B, Mo M, Shen S, Zhong Q, Liu H, Cai C. Distinct differences in serum eicosanoids in healthy, enteritis and colorectal cancer individuals. Metabolomics 2017; 14:4. [PMID: 30830334 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-017-1293-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosanoids as inflammatory mediators take part in the regulation of disease progression. However, the application of serum eicosanoid in disease progression identification was still uncertain. METHODS Serum from 52 healthy volunteers, 34 enteritis patients and 55 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were collected. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the change of serum eicosanoids. RESULTS Of 158 eicosanoids, we found that lower levels of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids 13-HOTrE, 9-HOTrE, DHA, 11-HETE and 12-HHT were observed in enteritis and CRC group compared with healthy group, meanwhile the content of 5-iPF2α-VI as oxidative stress mediator in enteritis and CRC group was greater than that in healthy groups. Moreover, 9-HODE, 13-HODE, 12,13-diHOME, 8-HETE and 15-HETE were dramatically decrease in CRC group compared with non-CRC group. Additionally, the change of 5-, 12- and 15-HETE content in serum sample was associated with progression from healthy to enteritis, finally to CRC. No significant difference between serum eicosanoids and the expression of CerbB-2 and Ki67 were observed. CONCLUSION Serum eicosanoids might be used as a possible biomarker for identifying among health, enteritis and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Analysis Center, Zhanjiang Scientific Center of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Qingjin Yang
- Analysis Center, Zhanjiang Scientific Center of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Jian Li
- Analysis Center, Zhanjiang Scientific Center of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Analysis Center, Zhanjiang Scientific Center of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Lijian Zhang
- Analysis Center, Zhanjiang Scientific Center of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Qionglin Huang
- Analysis Center, Zhanjiang Scientific Center of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Analysis Center, Zhanjiang Scientific Center of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Mingming Mo
- Analysis Center, Zhanjiang Scientific Center of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Sensen Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qisheng Zhong
- Shimadzu Global COE for Application and Technical Development, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510010, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chun Cai
- Analysis Center, Zhanjiang Scientific Center of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China.
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16
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Jelińska M, Białek A, Gielecińska I, Mojska H, Tokarz A. Impact of conjugated linoleic acid administered to rats prior and after carcinogenic agent on arachidonic and linoleic acid metabolites in serum and tumors. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 126:1-8. [PMID: 29031386 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the influence of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) daily supplementation prior and after carcinogenic agent on the concentrations of eicosanoids - metabolites of arachidonic acid (15-, 12- or 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (15-, 12-, 5-HETE), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)) and linoleic acid (13- or 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (13-, 9-HODE)) in rat serum and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced tumors. Female rats were randomised into six groups, receiving 1% or 2% Bio-C.L.A or plant oil since the 37th day of life throughout the whole experiment. Some rats (50-day-old) were administered DMBA to induce tumors. Eicosanoids were analyzed with LC-MS/MS. The study indicated that CLA supplemented daily to rats prior and after carcinogen administration affected concentrations of arachidonic and linoleic acid metabolites in rat serum and induced tumors. However, ratios of eicosanoids exerting opposite activities (e.g. 12-HETE/15-HETE) appear to act as more precise factors reflecting pathological changes in an organism than individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Jelińska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Gielecińska
- Department of Metabolomics, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Powsińska 61/63, 02-903 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Mojska
- Department of Metabolomics, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Powsińska 61/63, 02-903 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tokarz
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Kim CK, He P, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. SP and KLF Transcription Factors in Digestive Physiology and Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1845-1875. [PMID: 28366734 PMCID: PMC5815166 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Specificity proteins (SPs) and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors that contain conserved zinc finger domains involved in binding to target DNA sequences. Many of these proteins are expressed in different tissues and have distinct tissue-specific activities and functions. Studies have shown that SPs and KLFs regulate not only physiological processes such as growth, development, differentiation, proliferation, and embryogenesis, but pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer and inflammatory disorders. Consistently, these proteins have been shown to regulate normal functions and pathobiology in the digestive system. We review recent findings on the tissue- and organ-specific functions of SPs and KLFs in the digestive system including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, and liver. We provide a list of agents under development to target these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ping He
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
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18
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Intestinal PPARγ signalling is required for sympathetic nervous system activation in response to caloric restriction. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36937. [PMID: 27853235 PMCID: PMC5113069 DOI: 10.1038/srep36937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor PPARγ has been proven to affect metabolism in multiple tissues, and has received considerable attention for its involvement in colon cancer and inflammatory disease. However, its role in intestinal metabolism has been largely ignored. To investigate this potential aspect of PPARγ function, we submitted intestinal epithelium-specific PPARγ knockout mice (iePPARγKO) to a two-week period of 25% caloric restriction (CR), following which iePPARγKO mice retained more fat than their wild type littermates. In attempting to explain this discrepancy, we analysed the liver, skeletal muscle, intestinal lipid trafficking, and the microbiome, none of which appeared to contribute to the adiposity phenotype. Interestingly, under conditions of CR, iePPARγKO mice failed to activate their sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and increase CR-specific locomotor activity. These KO mice also manifested a defective control of their body temperature, which was overly reduced. Furthermore, the white adipose tissue of iePPARγKO CR mice showed lower levels of both hormone-sensitive lipase, and its phosphorylated form. This would result from impaired SNS signalling and possibly cause reduced lipolysis. We conclude that intestinal epithelium PPARγ plays an essential role in increasing SNS activity under CR conditions, thereby contributing to energy mobilization during metabolically stressful episodes.
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19
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Blunder S, Rühl R, Moosbrugger-Martinz V, Krimmel C, Geisler A, Zhu H, Crumrine D, Elias PM, Gruber R, Schmuth M, Dubrac S. Alterations in Epidermal Eicosanoid Metabolism Contribute to Inflammation and Impaired Late Differentiation in FLG-Mutated Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:706-715. [PMID: 27793761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the FLG gene cause ichthyosis vulgaris (IV) and represent the major predisposing genetic risk factor for atopic dermatitis (AD). Although both conditions are characterized by epidermal barrier impairment, AD also exhibits signs of inflammation. This work was aimed at delineating the role of FLG loss-of-function mutations on eicosanoid metabolism in IV and AD. Using human epidermal equivalents (HEEs) generated with keratinocytes isolated from nonlesional skin of patients with FLG wild-type AD (WT/WT), FLG-mutated AD (FLG/WT), IV (FLG/FLG), or FLG WT control skin, we assessed the potential autocrine role of epidermal-derived eicosanoids in FLG-associated versus FLG-WT AD pathogenesis. Ultrastructural analyses demonstrated abnormal stratum corneum lipid architecture in AD and IV HEEs, independent of FLG genotype. Both AD (FLG/WT) and IV (FLG/FLG) HEEs showed impaired late epidermal differentiation. Only AD (FLG/WT) HEEs exhibited significantly increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. Analyses of lipid mediators revealed increased arachidonic acid and 12-lipoxygenase metabolites. Whereas treatment of control HEEs with arachidonic acid increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid attenuated expression of late differentiation markers. Thus, FLG mutations lead to alterations in epidermal eicosanoid metabolism that could serve as an autocrine trigger of inflammation and impaired late epidermal differentiation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Blunder
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ralph Rühl
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; Paprika Bioanalytics, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Verena Moosbrugger-Martinz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christine Krimmel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anita Geisler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Huiting Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Debra Crumrine
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peter M Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Schmuth
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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20
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Li MY, Yuan HL, Ko FWS, Wu B, Long X, Du J, Wu J, Ng CSH, Wan IYP, Mok TSK, Hui DSC, Underwood MJ, Chen GG. Antineoplastic effects of 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer 2015; 121 Suppl 17:3130-45. [PMID: 26331820 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the levels of 15-lipoxygenase 1 (15-LOX-1) and 15-LOX-2 as well as their metabolites 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13(S)-HODE) and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE) are significantly reduced in smokers with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Furthermore, animal model experiments have indicated that the reduction of these molecules occurs before the establishment of cigarette smoking carcinogen-induced lung tumors, and this suggests roles in lung tumorigenesis. However, the functions of these molecules remain unknown in NSCLC. METHODS NSCLC cells were treated with exogenous 13(S)-HODE and 15(S)-HETE, and then the ways in which they affected cell function were examined. 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2 were also overexpressed in tumor cells to restore these 2 enzymes to generate endogenous 13(S)-HODE and 15(S)-HETE before cell function was assessed. RESULTS The application of exogenous 13(S)-HODE and 15(S)-HETE significantly enhanced the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and activated caspases 9 and 3. The overexpression of 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2 obviously promoted the endogenous levels of 13(S)-HODE and 15(S)-HETE, which were demonstrated to be more effective in the inhibition of NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that exogenous or endogenous 13(S)-HODE and 15(S)-HETE can functionally inhibit NSCLC, likely by activating PPARγ. The restoration of 15-LOX activity to increase the production of endogenous 15(S)-HETE and 13(S)-HODE may offer a novel research direction for molecular targeting treatment of smoking-related NSCLC. This strategy can potentially avoid side effects associated with the application of synthetic PPARγ ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Li
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanny W S Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guang Dong Medical College, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Long
- Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Du
- Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guang Dong Medical College, Zhanjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Calvin S H Ng
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Innes Y P Wan
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tony S K Mok
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - David S C Hui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Malcolm J Underwood
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - George G Chen
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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21
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Tuncer S, Banerjee S. Eicosanoid pathway in colorectal cancer: Recent updates. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11748-11766. [PMID: 26557000 PMCID: PMC4631974 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic metabolism of the 20C polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid (AA) occurs via the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways, and leads to the production of various bioactive lipids termed eicosanoids. These eicosanoids have a variety of functions, including stimulation of homeostatic responses in the cardiovascular system, induction and resolution of inflammation, and modulation of immune responses against diseases associated with chronic inflammation, such as cancer. Because chronic inflammation is essential for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), it is not surprising that many eicosanoids are implicated in CRC. Oftentimes, these autacoids work in an antagonistic and highly temporal manner in inflammation; therefore, inhibition of the pro-inflammatory COX-2 or 5-LOX enzymes may subsequently inhibit the formation of their essential products, or shunt substrates from one pathway to another, leading to undesirable side-effects. A better understanding of these different enzymes and their products is essential not only for understanding the importance of eicosanoids, but also for designing more effective drugs that solely target the inflammatory molecules found in both chronic inflammation and cancer. In this review, we have evaluated the cancer promoting and anti-cancer roles of different eicosanoids in CRC, and highlighted the most recent literature which describes how those molecules affect not only tumor tissue, but also the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we have attempted to delineate the roles that eicosanoids with opposing functions play in neoplastic transformation in CRC through their effects on proliferation, apoptosis, motility, metastasis, and angiogenesis.
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22
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Mahmoud AM, Abdella EM, El-Derby AM, Abdella EM. Protective Effects of Turbinaria ornata and Padina pavonia against Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis through Modulation of PPAR Gamma, NF-κB and Oxidative Stress. Phytother Res 2015; 29:737-48. [PMID: 25676613 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative and protective effects of the brown seaweeds, Turbinaria ornata and Padina pavonia, against azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in mice. Both algal extracts showed anti-proliferative effects on the human carcinoma cell line HCT-116 in vitro, with T. ornata demonstrating a more potent effect. Male albino Swiss mice received intraperitoneal injections of AOM (10 mg/kg) once a week for two consecutive weeks and 100 mg/kg of either T. ornata or P. pavonia extracts. AOM-induced mice exhibited alterations in the histological structure of the colon, elevated lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide, declined glutathione content and reduced activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, AOM induced downregulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and p53 mRNA expression, with concomitant upregulation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in colon tissue. Administration of either algal extract markedly alleviated the recorded alterations. In conclusion, the current study suggests that T. ornata and P. pavonia, through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, are able to attenuate colon inflammation by downregulating NF-κB expression. Furthermore, the protective effects of both algae against AOM-initiated carcinogenesis were attributed, at least in part, to their ability to upregulate colonic PPARγ and p53 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
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23
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Human cancer: Is it linked to dysfunctional lipid metabolism? Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:352-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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Effect of conjugated linoleic acid mixture supplemented daily after carcinogen application on linoleic and arachidonic acid metabolites in rat serum and induced tumours. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2230-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Influence of maternal diet enrichment with conjugated linoleic acids on lipoxygenase metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum of their offspring with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mammary tumors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2014; 116-117:10-8. [PMID: 25448730 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), which are a group of naturally occurring in food isomers of linoleic acid, seem to be active in each step of cancer development. There are many possible mechanisms of this action, and interactions with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways are among the most likely ones. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of diet supplementation with CLA of pregnant and breastfeeding Sprague-Dawley female rats on selected polyunsaturated fatty acids and their LOX metabolites concentrations in serum of the progeny with chemically induced mammary tumors. We confirmed that higher supply of CLA in the diet of female rats corresponded with the lower susceptibility to chemically induced mammary tumors in their female offspring. It also influenced the polyunsaturated n-3 and n-6 fatty acid concentrations in serum, as well as the concentrations of their LOX metabolites. The significant negative correlation between the concentrations of two CLA isomers in serum and linoleic acid (p=0.0144, p=0.0098), eicosapentaenoic acid (p=0.0158, p=0.0124), and 5-HEPE (p=0.0014, p=0.01690) and between cis-9, trans-11 CLA and 15-HEPE was detected, whereas arachidonic acid concentration positively correlated with CLA concentration in serum (p=0.0150, p=0.0231). Our results indicate that CLA can compete with PUFA and influence serum concentration of PUFA and their LOX metabolites, which could partly explain the anticancerogenic action of CLA.
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Gijsbers L, van Eekelen HDLM, de Haan LHJ, Swier JM, Heijink NL, Kloet SK, Man HY, Bovy AG, Keijer J, Aarts JMMJG, van der Burg B, Rietjens IMCM. Induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-mediated gene expression by tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3419-3427. [PMID: 23418723 DOI: 10.1021/jf304790a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Since beneficial effects related to tomato consumption partially overlap with those related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation, our aim was to test extracts of tomato fruits and tomato components, including polyphenols and isoprenoids, for their capacity to activate PPARγ using the PPARγ2 CALUX reporter cell line. Thirty tomato compounds were tested; seven carotenoids and three polyphenols induced PPARγ2-mediated luciferase expression. Two extracts of tomato, one containing deglycosylated phenolic compounds and one containing isoprenoids, also induced PPARγ2-mediated expression at physiologically relevant concentrations. Furthermore, enzymatically hydrolyzed extracts of seven tomato varieties all induced PPARγ-mediated expression, with a 1.6-fold difference between the least potent and the most potent variety. The two most potent varieties had high flavonoid content, while the two least potent varieties had low flavonoid content. These data indicate that extracts of tomato are able to induce PPARγ-mediated gene expression in vitro and that some tomato varieties are more potent than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Gijsbers
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Maresca V, Flori E, Camera E, Bellei B, Aspite N, Ludovici M, Catricalà C, Cardinali G, Picardo M. Linking αMSH with PPARγ in B16-F10 melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:113-27. [PMID: 22863076 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2012.01042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have discovered a new α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) connection in B16-F10 cells. Both PPAR-γ up-regulation and its induction as an active transcription factor were observed in response to α-MSH. The α-MSH/PPAR-γ connection influenced both pigmentation and proliferation. The forskolin-stimulated cAMP/PKA pathway was not able to induce either PPAR-γ translocation into the nucleus or PPAR-γ transcriptional activity. As the melanocortin-1 receptor, the specific receptor for the α-MSH, is a G-protein coupled receptor, we wondered whether the phosphatidylinositol [PI(4,5)P(2) /PLC(β) ] signal pathway was involved in mediating the α-MSH-dependent PPAR-γ activation. Employing inhibitors of PI(4,5)P(2) /PLC(β) pathway, the results of our experiments suggested that this pathway was promoted by α-MSH and that α-MSH played a role in mediating PPAR-γ activation. We have demonstrated, for the first time, that α-MSH induces the PI(4,5)P(2) /PLC(β) pathway, through analysis of the basic steps of the pathway. The α-MSH effect on PPAR-γ was independent of animal species and was not correlated with the physio-pathological status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Maresca
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in colorectal cancer. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:876418. [PMID: 23024650 PMCID: PMC3447370 DOI: 10.1155/2012/876418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. Dietary fat intake is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer. Some nuclear hormone receptors play an important role in regulating nutrient metabolism and energy homeostasis. Among these receptors, special attention has been focused on the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in colorectal cancer, because PPARs are involved in regulation of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. PPARs are ligand-activated intracellular transcription factors. The PPAR subfamily consists of three subtypes encoded by distinct genes named PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ. PPARγ is the most extensively studied subtype of PPARs. Even though many investigators have studied the expression and clinical implications of PPARs in colorectal cancer, there are still many controversies about the role of PPARs in colorectal cancer. In this paper, the recent progresses in understanding the role of PPARs in colorectal cancer are summarized.
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Bertin J, Barat C, Méthot S, Tremblay MJ. Interactions between prostaglandins, leukotrienes and HIV-1: possible implications for the central nervous system. Retrovirology 2012; 9:4. [PMID: 22236409 PMCID: PMC3268096 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In HIV-1-infected individuals, there is often discordance between viremia in peripheral blood and viral load found in the central nervous system (CNS). Although the viral burden is often lower in the CNS compartment than in the plasma, neuroinflammation is present in most infected individuals, albeit attenuated by the current combined antiretroviral therapy. The HIV-1-associated neurological complications are thought to result not only from direct viral replication, but also from the subsequent neuroinflammatory processes. The eicosanoids - prostanoids and leukotrienes - are known as potent inflammatory lipid mediators. They are often present in neuroinflammatory diseases, notably HIV-1 infection. Their exact modulatory role in HIV-1 infection is, however, still poorly understood, especially in the CNS compartment. Nonetheless, a handful of studies have provided evidence as to how these lipid mediators can modulate HIV-1 infection. This review summarizes findings indicating how eicosanoids may influence the progression of neuroAIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bertin
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - CHUL, 2705 boul, Laurier, Québec (QC), Canada, G1V 4G2
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Neilson AP, Ren J, Hong YH, Sen A, Smith WL, Brenner DE, Djuric Z. Effect of fish oil on levels of R- and S-enantiomers of 5-, 12-, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in mouse colonic mucosa. Nutr Cancer 2011; 64:163-72. [PMID: 22149144 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.630168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The balance of putative pro- and antiinflammatory lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (S-HETEs) in colon mucosa is a potential target for modulating colon cancer risk and progression. The biological effects of S-HETEs and R-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (produced by distinct pathways) may differ, but levels of these compounds in the colon are unknown. The objective of this study was to develop chiral methods to characterize hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE) enantiomers in colonic mucosa and evaluate the effects of fish oil on HETE formation. C57BL/6 mice (COX-1 null, COX-2 null, wild-type) were fed a diet supplemented with either olive oil or menhaden oil for 11 wk, and R-/S-HETEs in colonic mucosa were quantified by chiral LC-MS/MS. The R-enantiomer comprised 60-72% of 5-HETE, 18-58% of 15-HETE, and 1-16% of 12-HETE in colonic mucosa, suggesting that non-LOX sources contribute to HETE profiles. Fish oil reduced levels of both R- and S-HETEs, and increased the preponderance of the R-enantiomers (particularly 12- and 15-HETEs). There was apparent shunting of arachidonic acid to 12-/15-LOX in the COX-1 null animals. This is the first report of the enantiomeric composition of HETEs in the colon in vivo and shows large effects of fish oil in the normal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Neilson
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48197, USA
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31
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Abstract
A Mediterranean diet appears to have health benefits in many domains of human health, mediated perhaps by its anti-inflammatory effects. Metabolism of fatty acids and subsequent eicosanoid production is a key mechanism by which a Mediterranean diet can exert anti-inflammatory effects. Both dietary fatty acids and fatty acid metabolism determine fatty acid availability for cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-dependent production of eicosanoids, namely prostaglandins and leukotrienes. In dietary intervention studies and in observational studies of the Mediterranean diet, blood levels of fatty acids do reflect dietary intakes but are attenuated. Small differences in fatty acid levels, however, appear to be important, especially when exposures occur over long periods of time. This review summarizes how fat intakes from a Greek-style Mediterranean diet can be expected to affect fatty acid metabolizing proteins, with an emphasis on the metabolic pathways that lead to the formation of proinflammatory eicosanoids. The proteins involved in these pathways are ripe for investigation using proteomic approaches and may be targets for colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Djuric
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5930, USA.
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Das UN, Madhavi N. Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on drug-sensitive and resistant tumor cells in vitro. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:159. [PMID: 21917129 PMCID: PMC3180408 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18: 3 ω-6), arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 ω -6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20: 5 ω -3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 ω -3) have selective tumoricidal action. In the present study, it was observed that dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) and AA, EPA and DHA have cytotoxic action on both vincristine-sensitive (KB-3-1) and resistant (KB-ChR-8-5) cancer cells in vitro that appeared to be a free-radical dependent process but not due to the formation of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes. Uptake of vincristine and fatty acids was higher while their efflux was lower in KB-3-1 cells compared with KB-ChR-8-5 cells, suggesting that drug resistant cells have an effective efflux pump. GLA, DGLA, AA, EPA and DHA enhanced the uptake and decreased efflux in both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells and augmented the susceptibility of tumor cells especially, of drug-resistant cells to the cytotoxic action of vincristine. These results suggest that certain polyunsaturated fatty acids have tumoricidal action and are capable of enhancing the cytotoxic action of anti-cancer drugs specifically, on drug-resistant cells by enhancing drug uptake and reducing its efflux. Thus, polyunsaturated fatty acids either by themselves or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs have the potential as anti-cancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada-533 003, India.
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33
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Das UN. Essential fatty acids enhance free radical generation and lipid peroxidation to induce apoptosis of tumor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.11.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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34
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Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARγ plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation, lipid storage and energy dissipation in adipose tissue, and is involved in the control of inflammatory reactions as well as in glucose metabolism through the improvement of insulin sensitivity. Growing evidence has demonstrated that activation of PPARγ has an antineoplastic effect in tumors, including colorectal cancer. High expression of PPARγ is detected in human colon cancer cell lines and adenocarcinoma. This review describes the molecular mechanisms by which PPARγ regulates tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer, and examines current clinical trials evaluating PPARγ agonists as therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- Yun Dai, Wei-Hong Wang, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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35
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Kim J, Kim Y. Benzylideneacetone, an eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitor enhances baculovirus pathogenicity in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. J Invertebr Pathol 2010; 106:308-13. [PMID: 21112333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Benzylideneacetone (BZA) is a monoterpenoid compound produced by an entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila. BZA inhibits phospholipase A(2) to suppress biosynthesis of eicosanoids that mediate immune responses in insects. In response to per os infection of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV), the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, developed red spots on the midgut epithelium. The midgut exhibiting red spot formation suffered abnormal cell integrity, such as genomic DNA fragmentation and condensed spots in the nucleoplasm. The number of red spots increased with viral dose and incubation time after the viral treatment. BZA inhibited the formation of the midgut red spots in a dose-dependent manner. However, the inhibitory effect of BZA on the red spot formation was reversed by addition of arachidonic acid, suggesting that the red spot response may be mediated by eicosanoids. BZA treatment resulted in significant enhancement of AcMNPV occlusion body (OB) pathogenicity to P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwan Kim
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea
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36
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Abstract
The Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors regulates diverse biological processes that include proliferation, differentiation, growth, development, survival, and responses to external stress. Seventeen mammalian KLFs have been identified, and numerous studies have been published that describe their basic biology and contribution to human diseases. KLF proteins have received much attention because of their involvement in the development and homeostasis of numerous organ systems. KLFs are critical regulators of physiological systems that include the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory, hematological, and immune systems and are involved in disorders such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, KLFs play an important role in reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and maintaining the pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells. As research on KLF proteins progresses, additional KLF functions and associations with disease are likely to be discovered. Here, we review the current knowledge of KLF proteins and describe common attributes of their biochemical and physiological functions and their pathophysiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth B McConnell
- Departments of Medicine and of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine,Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Mao JT, Nie WX, Tsu IH, Jin YS, Rao JY, Lu QY, Zhang ZF, Go VLW, Serio KJ. White tea extract induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells: the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma} and 15-lipoxygenases. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:1132-40. [PMID: 20668019 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Emerging preclinical data suggests that tea possess anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic properties. We therefore hypothesize that white tea extract (WTE) is capable of favorably modulating apoptosis, a mechanism associated with lung tumorigenesis. We examined the effects of physiologically relevant doses of WTE on the induction of apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549 (adenocarcinoma) and H520 (squamous cell carcinoma) cells. We further characterized the molecular mechanisms responsible for WTE-induced apoptosis, including the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and the 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) signaling pathways. We found that WTE was effective in inducing apoptosis in both A549 and H520 cells, and inhibition of PPAR-gamma with GW9662 partially reversed WTE-induced apoptosis. We further show that WTE increased PPAR-gamma activation and mRNA expression, concomitantly increased 15(S)-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid release, and upregulated 15-LOX-1 and 15-LOX-2 mRNA expression by A549 cells. Inhibition of 15-LOX with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NGDA), as well as caffeic acid, abrogated WTE-induced PPAR-gamma activation and upregulation of PPAR-gamma mRNA expression in A549 cells. WTE also induced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A mRNA expression and activated caspase-3. Inhibition of caspase-3 abrogated WTE-induced apoptosis. Our findings indicate that WTE is capable of inducing apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. The induction of apoptosis seems to be mediated, in part, through the upregulation of the PPAR-gamma and 15-LOX signaling pathways, with enhanced activation of caspase-3. Our findings support the future investigation of WTE as an antineoplastic and chemopreventive agent for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny T Mao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.
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38
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Transgenic expression of 15-lipoxygenase 2 (15-LOX2) in mouse prostate leads to hyperplasia and cell senescence. Oncogene 2010; 29:4261-75. [PMID: 20514017 PMCID: PMC3042242 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
15-Lipoxygenase 2 (15-LOX2), a lipid-peroxidizing enzyme, is mainly expressed in the luminal compartment of the normal human prostate, and is often decreased or lost in prostate cancer. Previous studies from our lab implicate 15-LOX2 as a functional tumor suppressor. To better understand the biological role of 15-LOX2 in vivo, we generated prostate-specific 15-LOX2 transgenic mice using the ARR2PB promoter. Unexpectedly, transgenic expression of 15-LOX2 or 15-LOX2sv-b, a splice variant that lacks arachidonic acid-metabolizing activity, resulted in age-dependent prostatic hyperplasia and enlargement of the prostate. Prostatic hyperplasia induced by both 15-LOX2 and 15-LOX2sv-b was associated with an increase in luminal and Ki-67(+) cells; however, 15-LOX2-transgenic prostates also showed a prominent increase in basal cells. Microarray analysis revealed distinct gene expression profiles that could help explain the prostate phenotypes. Strikingly, 15-LOX2, but not 15-LOX2sv-b, transgenic prostate showed upregulation of several well-known stem or progenitor cell molecules including Sca-1, Trop2, p63, Nkx3.1 and Psca. Prostatic hyperplasia caused by both 15-LOX2 and 15-LOX2sv-b did not progress to prostatic intraprostate neoplasia or carcinoma and, mechanistically, prostate lobes (especially those of 15-LOX2 mice) showed a dramatic increase in senescent cells as revealed by increased SA-betagal, p27(Kip1) and heterochromatin protein 1gamma staining. Collectively, our results suggest that 15-LOX2 expression in mouse prostate leads to hyperplasia and also induces cell senescence, which may, in turn, function as a barrier to tumor development.
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39
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Voutsadakis IA. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2010; 2:235-41. [PMID: 21160623 PMCID: PMC2998837 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v2.i5.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily plays a significant role in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. In most experimental systems PPARγ activation has tumor suppressing effects in the colon. PPARγ is regulated at multiple levels by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). At a first level, UPS regulates PPARγ transcription. This regulation involves both PPARγ transcription specific factors and the general transcription machinery. At a second level UPS regulates PPARγ and its co-factors themselves, as PPARγ and many co-factors are proteasome substrates. At a third level of regulation, transduction pathways working in parallel but also having interrelations with PPARγ are regulated by the UPS, creating a network of regulation in the colorectal carcinogenesis-related pathways that are under UPS control. Activation of PPARγ transcription by direct pharmacologic activators and by stabilization of its molecule by proteasome inhibitors could be strategies to be exploited in colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis, Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Greece
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40
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Dai Y, Wang WH. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2010; 2:159-64. [PMID: 21160824 PMCID: PMC2999174 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v2.i3.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily and ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARγ plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation, lipid storage and energy dissipation in adipose tissue, and is involved in the control of inflammatory reactions as well as in glucose metabolism through the improvement of insulin sensitivity. Growing evidence has demonstrated that activation of PPARγ has an antineoplastic effect in tumors, including colorectal cancer. High expression of PPARγ is detected in human colon cancer cell lines and adenocarcinoma. This review describes the molecular mechanisms by which PPARγ regulates tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer, and examines current clinical trials evaluating PPARγ agonists as therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- Yun Dai, Wei-Hong Wang, Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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41
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Subramaniam M, Hawse JR, Rajamannan NM, Ingle JN, Spelsberg TC. Functional role of KLF10 in multiple disease processes. Biofactors 2010; 36:8-18. [PMID: 20087894 PMCID: PMC3104724 DOI: 10.1002/biof.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery by this laboratory of the zinc finger transcription factor, KLF10, a member of the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors, there have been multiple publications regarding its functions and its immediate family members, in numerous cell types. KLF10 has been shown to be rapidly induced by TGFbeta1, 2, 3, E(2), epidermal growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein-2. TGFbeta inducible early gene-1 activates the TGFbeta-Smad signaling pathway via repression of Smad 7 expression and activation of Smad 2 expression and activity. Overall, KLF10 has been implicated in cell differentiation, as a target gene for a variety of signaling pathways, and in serving as a potential marker for human diseases such as breast cancer, cardiac hypertrophy, and osteoporosis. Like other KLF members, KLF10 is expressed in specific cell types in numerous tissues and is known to be involved in repressing cell proliferation and inflammation as well as inducing apoptosis similar to that of TGFbeta. KLF10 binds to Sp-1-GC rich DNA sequences and can activate or repress the transcription of a number of genes. Overall, KLF10 has been shown to play a major role in the TGFbeta inhibition of cell proliferation and inflammation and induction of apoptosis, and its overexpression in human osteoblasts and pancreatic carcinoma cells mimics the actions of TGFbeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malayannan Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Naruhn S, Meissner W, Adhikary T, Kaddatz K, Klein T, Watzer B, Müller-Brüsselbach S, Müller R. 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid Is a Preferential Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor β/δ Agonist. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 77:171-84. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Zuo X, Morris JS, Broaddus R, Shureiqi I. 15-LOX-1 transcription suppression through the NuRD complex in colon cancer cells. Oncogene 2009; 28:1496-505. [PMID: 19198625 PMCID: PMC2743348 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
15-Lipoxygenase-1 (15-LOX-1) is transcriptionally silenced in cancer cells, and its transcription reactivation (for example, through histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs)) restores apoptosis to cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism underlying 15-LOX-1 transcription reactivation in cancer cells is still undefined. Therefore, we evaluated the critical mechanisms required for 15-LOX-1 transcription reactivation in colon cancer cells. Specific HDAC1 and HDAC2 inhibition activated 15-LOX-1 transcription. 15-LOX-1 transcription was repressed through transcription repressor complex recruitment in the region of -120 to -391 of the 15-LOX-1 promoter. The nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase (NuRD) repression complex was recruited to this region. Depsipeptide significantly reduced the recruitment of NuRD key components (for example, metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) and HDAC1) to the 15-LOX-1 promoter before 15-LOX-1 transcriptional activation. Knock down of NuRD key components (for example, MTA1 and HDAC1) by small interfering RNA (siRNA) activated 15-LOX-1 transcription, as measured by luciferase reporter assays in stably transfected SW480 cells with the 15-LOX-1 promoter construct of the -391, but not the -120 region. Relative to expression in normal tissue, MTA1 expression in colorectal cancer mucosa from colorectal cancer patients was negatively related to 15-LOX-1 expression. Thus, our results show that NuRD contributes to 15-LOX-1 transcription suppression in colon cancer cells and that HDACIs can inhibit NuRD recruitment to a promoter to activate gene transcription, as in the case of 15-LOX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zuo
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
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Jiang L, Chen Y, Chan CY, Wang X, Lin L, He ML, Lin MCM, Yew DT, Sung JJY, Li JC, Kung HF. Down-regulation of stathmin is required for TGF-beta inducible early gene 1 induced growth inhibition of pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2008; 274:101-8. [PMID: 18930345 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) inducible early gene 1 (TIEG1) is known to induce apoptosis in TGF-beta sensitive pancreatic cancer cells, yet its effect on TGF-beta resistant cancer cells remains unclear. In this study, TIEG1 was found to induce apoptosis in TGF-beta resistant cancer cells and concurrently enhanced gemcitabine chemosensitivity. Down-regulation of stathmin was noted to associate with TIEG1 expression, whilst ectopic overexpression of stathmin prevented TIEG1 mediated growth inhibition of tumor cells. Small interfering RNAs targeting stathmin inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth. These suggest that stathmin is a downstream target of TIEG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Subramaniam M, Hawse JR, Johnsen SA, Spelsberg TC. Role of TIEG1 in biological processes and disease states. J Cell Biochem 2008; 102:539-48. [PMID: 17729309 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel TGFbeta Inducible Early Gene-1 (TIEG1) was discovered in human osteoblast (OB) cells by our laboratory. Over the past decade, a handful of laboratories have revealed a multitude of organismic, cellular, and molecular functions of this gene. TIEG1 is now classified as a member of the 3 zinc finger family of Krüppel-like transcription factors (KLF10). Other closely related factors [TIEG2 (KLF11) and TIEG3/TIEG2b] have been reported and are briefly compared. As described in this review, TIEG1 is shown to play a role in regulating estrogen and TGFbeta actions, the latter through the Smad signaling pathway. In both cases, TIEG1 acts as an inducer or repressor of gene transcription to enhance the TGFbeta/Smad pathway, as well at other signaling pathways, to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This review outlines TIEG1's molecular functions and roles in skeletal disease (osteopenia/osteoporosis), heart disease (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), and cancer (breast and prostate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malayannan Subramaniam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Kuniyasu H. The Roles of Dietary PPARgamma Ligands for Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. PPAR Res 2008; 2008:529720. [PMID: 18551182 PMCID: PMC2422868 DOI: 10.1155/2008/529720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma ligands, linoleic acid (LA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), showed anticancer effects in colorectal carcinoma cells. LA is metabolized by two pathways. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 produces procarcinogenic prostaglandin E2, whereas 15-lipoxygenase (LOX)-1 produces PPARgamma ligands. The 15LOX-1 pathway, which is dominant in colorectal adenomas, was downregulated and inversely COX-2 was upregulated in colorectal cancer. LA and CLA inhibited peritoneal metastasis of colorectal cancer cells in nude mice. The inhibitory effect was abrogated by PPARgamma antisense treatment. A continuous LA treatment provided cancer cells quiescence. These quiescent cells formed dormant nests in nude mice administrated LA. The quiescent and dormant cells showed downregulated PPARgamma and upregulated nucleostemin. Thus, short-term exposure to dietary PPARgamma ligands inhibits cancer metastasis, whereas consistent exposure to LA provides quiescent/dormant status with possible induction of cancer stem and/or progenitor phenotype. The complicated roles of dietary PPARgamma ligands are needed to examine further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Vanamala J, Glagolenko A, Yang P, Carroll RJ, Murphy ME, Newman RA, Ford JR, Braby LA, Chapkin RS, Turner ND, Lupton JR. Dietary fish oil and pectin enhance colonocyte apoptosis in part through suppression of PPARdelta/PGE2 and elevation of PGE3. Carcinogenesis 2007; 29:790-6. [PMID: 18024478 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that dietary fish oil and pectin (FP) protects against radiation-enhanced colon cancer by upregulating apoptosis in colonic mucosa. To investigate the mechanism of action, we provided rats (n = 40) with diets containing the combination of FP or corn oil and cellulose (CC) prior to exposure to 1 Gy, 1 GeV/nucleon Fe-ion. All rats were injected with a colon-specific carcinogen, azoxymethane (AOM; 15 mg/kg), 10 and 17 days after irradiation. Levels of colonocyte apoptosis, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), PGE(3), microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2 (mPGES-2), total beta-catenin, nuclear beta-catenin staining (%) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) expression were quantified 31 weeks after the last AOM injection. FP induced a higher (P < 0.01) apoptotic index in both treatment groups, which was associated with suppression (P < 0.05) of antiapoptotic mediators in the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway (mPGES-2 and PGE(2)) and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway [total beta-catenin and nuclear beta-catenin staining (%); P < 0.01] compared with the CC diet. Downregulation of COX and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways was associated with a concurrent suppression (P < 0.05) of PPARdelta levels in FP-fed rats. In addition, colonic mucosa from FP animals contained (P < 0.05) a proapoptotic, eicosapentaenoic acid-derived COX metabolite, PGE(3). These results indicate that FP enhances colonocyte apoptosis in AOM-alone and irradiated AOM rats, in part through the suppression of PPARdelta and PGE(2) and elevation of PGE(3). These data suggest that the dietary FP combination may be used as a possible countermeasure to colon carcinogenesis, as apoptosis is enhanced even when colonocytes are exposed to radiation and/or an alkylating agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vanamala
- Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Voutsadakis IA. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and colorectal carcinogenesis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2007; 133:917-28. [PMID: 17659359 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-007-0277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) a member of the nuclear transcription factor superfamily is playing a role in colon carcinogenesis. Although not all in vivo models agree, PPARgamma seems to have suppressive effects in this process favoring apoptosis and inhibiting the cell cycle by inducing expression of apoptosis and senescence proteins. With the recent discovery that anti-diabetic class of drugs thiazolidinediones act through activation of PPARgamma, interest in this transcription factor has increased as it can now be pharmacologically activated in order to obtain tumor suppression. In addition, thiazolidinediones and other PPARgamma agonists possess PPARgamma-independent anti-tumor effects. Although PPARgamma agonists may not by themselves be capable to induce clinical tumor regression, their combination with chemotherapy drugs or other targeted therapies is worth pursuing in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa 41110, Greece.
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Jin W, Di G, Li J, Chen Y, Li W, Wu J, Cheng T, Yao M, Shao Z. TIEG1 induces apoptosis through mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and promotes apoptosis induced by homoharringtonine and velcade. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:3826-32. [PMID: 17659279 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of TGFbeta inducible early gene (TIEG1) mimics TGFbeta action and induces apoptosis. In this study, we found that TIEG1 was significantly up-regulated during apoptosis induced by homoharringtonine or velcade. Overexpression of TIEG1 could induce apoptosis in K562 cells and promote apoptosis induced by HHT or velcade. TIEG1-induced apoptosis was shown to involve Bax and Bim up-regulation, Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL down-regulation, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, activation of caspase 3 and disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim). We concluded that TIEG1 is a key regulator which induces and promotes apoptosis through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Breast Cancer Institute, Cancer Hospital/Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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McAlpine CA, Barak Y, Matise I, Cormier RT. Intestinal-specific PPARgamma deficiency enhances tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:2339-46. [PMID: 16858678 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple investigations of the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands on colon cancer have produced contradictory results. While some studies demonstrated increased numbers of colonic polyps in Apc(Min/+) mice treated with various thiazolidinedione (TZD) PPARgamma ligands, others reported amelioration of tumor multiplicity and progression in both Apc(Min/+) mice and in mice with chemically-induced colon cancer. Here, we addressed the role of PPARgamma in murine intestinal tumorigenesis using gene knockout methodology. We found that either heterozygous or homozygous intestinal-specific PPARgamma deficiency enhanced the number of Apc(Min/+) tumors in both the small intestine and colon, especially in the colon, where PPARgamma deficiency also modulated tumor incidence. Gender significantly affected tumor multiplicity independent of PPARgamma genotype. Female Apc(Min/+) mice developed more tumors in the small intestine and more tumors overall, whereas male Apc(Min/+) mice developed more tumors in the colon. Nevertheless, intestinal PPARgamma deficiency enhanced tumorigenesis irrespective of gender. Our results suggest that PPARgamma functions as a tumor resistance factor in the mouse intestine and warrant further investigation of the PPARgamma-dependent and independent actions of TZDs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christen A McAlpine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, USA
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