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Gao J, Gerstein M. Representing core gene expression activity relationships using the latent structure implicit in Bayesian networks. Bioinformatics 2024; 40:btae463. [PMID: 39051682 PMCID: PMC11316617 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Many types of networks, such as co-expression or ChIP-seq-based gene-regulatory networks, provide useful information for biomedical studies. However, they are often too full of connections and difficult to interpret, forming "indecipherable hairballs." RESULTS To address this issue, we propose that a Bayesian network can summarize the core relationships between gene expression activities. This network, which we call the LatentDAG, is substantially simpler than conventional co-expression network and ChIP-seq networks (by two orders of magnitude). It provides clearer clusters, without extraneous cross-cluster connections, and clear separators between modules. Moreover, one can find a number of clear examples showing how it bridges the connection between steps in the transcriptional regulatory network and other networks (e.g. RNA-binding protein). In conjunction with a graph neural network, the LatentDAG works better than other biological networks in a variety of tasks, including prediction of gene conservation and clustering genes. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Code is available at https://github.com/gersteinlab/LatentDAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Gao
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
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2
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Curcio C, Mucciolo G, Roux C, Brugiapaglia S, Scagliotti A, Guadagnin G, Conti L, Longo D, Grosso D, Papotti MG, Hirsch E, Cappello P, Varner JA, Novelli F. PI3Kγ inhibition combined with DNA vaccination unleashes a B-cell-dependent antitumor immunity that hampers pancreatic cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:157. [PMID: 38824552 PMCID: PMC11143614 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) plays a critical role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) by driving the recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) into tumor tissues, leading to tumor growth and metastasis. MDSC also impair the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this study we verify the hypothesis that MDSC targeting, via PI3Kγ inhibition, synergizes with α-enolase (ENO1) DNA vaccination in counteracting tumor growth.Mice that received ENO1 vaccination followed by PI3Kγ inhibition had significantly smaller tumors compared to those treated with ENO1 alone or the control group, and correlated with i) increased circulating anti-ENO1 specific IgG and IFNγ secretion by T cells, ii) increased tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells and M1-like macrophages, as well as up-modulation of T cell activation and M1-like related transcripts, iii) decreased infiltration of Treg FoxP3+ T cells, endothelial cells and pericytes, and down-modulation of the stromal compartment and T cell exhaustion gene transcription, iv) reduction of mature and neo-formed vessels, v) increased follicular helper T cell activation and vi) increased "antigen spreading", as many other tumor-associated antigens were recognized by IgG2c "cytotoxic" antibodies. PDA mouse models genetically devoid of PI3Kγ showed an increased survival and a pattern of transcripts in the tumor area similar to that of pharmacologically-inhibited PI3Kγ-proficient mice. Notably, tumor reduction was abrogated in ENO1 + PI3Kγ inhibition-treated mice in which B cells were depleted.These data highlight a novel role of PI3Kγ in B cell-dependent immunity, suggesting that PI3Kγ depletion strengthens the anti-tumor response elicited by the ENO1 DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Curcio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Nizza 44Bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Mucciolo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Nizza 44Bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Cecilia Roux
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Nizza 44Bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Brugiapaglia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Nizza 44Bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scagliotti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Nizza 44Bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Guadagnin
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Nizza 44Bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Nizza 44Bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Demis Grosso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Nizza 44Bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Giulio Papotti
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, AOU Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Nizza 44Bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Nizza 44Bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Judith A Varner
- Moores Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Piazza Nizza 44Bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
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3
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Stern LJ, Clement C, Galluzzi L, Santambrogio L. Non-mutational neoantigens in disease. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:29-40. [PMID: 38168954 PMCID: PMC11075006 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The ability of mammals to mount adaptive immune responses culminating with the establishment of immunological memory is predicated on the ability of the mature T cell repertoire to recognize antigenic peptides presented by syngeneic MHC class I and II molecules. Although it is widely believed that mature T cells are highly skewed towards the recognition of antigenic peptides originating from genetically diverse (for example, foreign or mutated) protein-coding regions, preclinical and clinical data rather demonstrate that novel antigenic determinants efficiently recognized by mature T cells can emerge from a variety of non-mutational mechanisms. In this Review, we describe various mechanisms that underlie the formation of bona fide non-mutational neoantigens, such as epitope mimicry, upregulation of cryptic epitopes, usage of non-canonical initiation codons, alternative RNA splicing, and defective ribosomal RNA processing, as well as both enzymatic and non-enzymatic post-translational protein modifications. Moreover, we discuss the implications of the immune recognition of non-mutational neoantigens for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Stern
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbiology Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Clement
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Saadh MJ, Baher H, Li Y, Chaitanya M, Arias-Gonzáles JL, Allela OQB, Mahdi MH, Carlos Cotrina-Aliaga J, Lakshmaiya N, Ahjel S, Amin AH, Gilmer Rosales Rojas G, Ameen F, Ahsan M, Akhavan-Sigari R. The bioengineered and multifunctional nanoparticles in pancreatic cancer therapy: Bioresponisive nanostructures, phototherapy and targeted drug delivery. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116490. [PMID: 37354932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The multidisciplinary approaches in treatment of cancer appear to be essential in term of bringing benefits of several disciplines and their coordination in tumor elimination. Because of the biological and malignant features of cancer cells, they have ability of developing resistance to conventional therapies such as chemo- and radio-therapy. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant disease of gastrointestinal tract in which chemotherapy and radiotherapy are main tools in its treatment, and recently, nanocarriers have been emerged as promising structures in its therapy. The bioresponsive nanocarriers are able to respond to pH and redox, among others, in targeted delivery of cargo for specific treatment of PC. The loading drugs on the nanoparticles that can be synthetic or natural compounds, can help in more reduction in progression of PC through enhancing their intracellular accumulation in cancer cells. The encapsulation of genes in the nanoparticles can protect against degradation and promotes intracellular accumulation in tumor suppression. A new kind of therapy for cancer is phototherapy in which nanoparticles can stimulate both photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy through hyperthermia and ROS overgeneration to trigger cell death in PC. Therefore, synergistic therapy of phototherapy with chemotherapy is performed in accelerating tumor suppression. One of the important functions of nanotechnology is selective targeting of PC cells in reducing side effects on normal cells. The nanostructures are capable of being surface functionalized with aptamers, proteins and antibodies to specifically target PC cells in suppressing their progression. Therefore, a specific therapy for PC is provided and future implications for diagnosis of PC is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center. Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hala Baher
- Department of Radiology and Ultrasonography Techniques, College of Medical Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yuanji Li
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Mvnl Chaitanya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - José Luis Arias-Gonzáles
- Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Natrayan Lakshmaiya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Salam Ahjel
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ahsan
- Department of Measurememts and Control Systems, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland.
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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Song Q, Zhang K, Sun T, Xu C, Zhao W, Zhang Z. Knockout of ENO1 leads to metabolism reprogramming and tumor retardation in pancreatic cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1119886. [PMID: 36845730 PMCID: PMC9950624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1119886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The shift in glucose utilization from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis is the hallmark of tumor cells. The overexpression of ENO1, one of the key enzymes in the glycolysis process, has been identified in several cancers, however, its role in pancreatic cancer (PC) is yet unclear. This study identifies ENO1 as an indispensable factor in the progression of PC. Interestingly, ENO1-knockout could inhibit cell invasion and migration and prevent cell proliferation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells (PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2); meanwhile, tumor cell glucose uptake and lactate excretion also decreased significantly. Furthermore, ENO1-knockout reduced colony formation and tumorigenesis in both in vitro and in vivo tests. In total, after ENO1 knockout, 727 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in PDAC cells by RNA-seq. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs are mainly associated with components such as the 'extracellular matrix' and 'endoplasmic reticulum lumen', and participate in the regulation of signal receptor activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the identified DEGs are associated with pathways, such as 'fructose and mannose metabolism', 'pentose phosphate pathway, and 'sugar metabolism for amino and nucleotide. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that ENO1 knockout promoted the upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and lipid metabolism pathways-related genes. Altogether, these results indicated that ENO1-knockout inhibited tumorigenesis by reducing cell glycolysis and activating other metabolic pathways by altering the expression of G6PD, ALDOC, UAP1, as well as other related metabolic genes. Concisely, ENO1, which plays a vital role in the abnormal glucose metabolism in PC, can be exploited as a target to control carcinogenesis by reducing aerobic glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Shi YY, Chen XL, Chen QX, Yang YZ, Zhou M, Ren YX, Tang LY, Ren ZF. Association of Enolase-1 with Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Breast Cancer by Clinical Stage. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:493-503. [PMID: 36785715 PMCID: PMC9922065 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s396321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Enolase-1 (ENO1) plays a key role in malignancies. Previous studies on the association between ENO1 expression and breast cancer prognosis had yielded inconsistent results. In the present study, we assessed the prognostic effect of ENO1 in breast cancer using Guangzhou Breast Cancer Study (GZBCS) cohort with full consideration of the potential confounders and the modification effects. The results were further validated in the TCGA-BRCA cohort and explained by tumor immunity. Methods ENO1 protein expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays from 961 patients with primary invasive breast cancer. Chi-square tests were used to assess the association of ENO1 levels with the patient's characteristics. Cox regression models were applied to assess the prognostic effects. The TCGA-BRCA cohort was utilized to validate the results and explore the potential mechanisms. The immune infiltration was determined using the CIBERSORT and ssGSEA algorithms; the correlation between ENO1 expression and the abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and scores of immune-related functions was evaluated by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Spearman's rank test. Results ENO1 protein expression exerted a protective effect on OS in stage I/II patients (HR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.35-0.96) but not in stage III patients (HR=1.42, 95% CI: 0.81-2.49, P interaction=0.04) in GZBCS; consistent results were obtained at mRNA levels in TCGA cohort. Immune infiltration analyses revealed that ENO1 was positively correlated with multiple antitumor TIICs (including M1 macrophages, B cells, CD8 T cells, T helper 2 cells, and NK cells) only in stage I/II but not stage III patients. Conclusion A higher expression of ENO1 was associated with a better prognosis only in early-stage breast cancer, which may be related to the different effects of ENO1 on immune infiltration, suggesting that ENO1 may be a promising target for precision immunotherapy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yu Shi
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Lei Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-Xin Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Yang
- The Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhou
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Xiang Ren
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-Ying Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Lu-Ying Tang, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-20-85253000, Fax +86-20-85253336, Email
| | - Ze-Fang Ren
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Ze-Fang Ren, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-20-87332577, Email
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7
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Chelakkot C, Chelakkot VS, Shin Y, Song K. Modulating Glycolysis to Improve Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2606. [PMID: 36768924 PMCID: PMC9916680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming and switch to a 'glycolysis-dominant' metabolic profile to promote their survival and meet their requirements for energy and macromolecules. This phenomenon, also known as the 'Warburg effect,' provides a survival advantage to the cancer cells and make the tumor environment more pro-cancerous. Additionally, the increased glycolytic dependence also promotes chemo/radio resistance. A similar switch to a glycolytic metabolic profile is also shown by the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, inducing a competition between the cancer cells and the tumor-infiltrating cells over nutrients. Several recent studies have shown that targeting the enhanced glycolysis in cancer cells is a promising strategy to make them more susceptible to treatment with other conventional treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. Although several targeting strategies have been developed and several of them are in different stages of pre-clinical and clinical evaluation, there is still a lack of effective strategies to specifically target cancer cell glycolysis to improve treatment efficacy. Herein, we have reviewed our current understanding of the role of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and how targeting this phenomenon could be a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of conventional cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vipin Shankar Chelakkot
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Youngkee Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01366, Republic of Korea
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Gao J, Zhang Y, Yu L, Li Y, Liao S, Wang J, Guan L. Identification of Enolase 1 as a Potential Target for Magnaporthe oryzae: Integrated Proteomic and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:619-632. [PMID: 36580498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Rice blast is an essential factor affecting rice yield and quality, which is caused by Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae). Isobavachalcone (IBC) is a botanical fungicide derived from the seed extract of the Leguminosae plant Psoralea corylifolia L. and has shown an excellent rice blast control effect in field applications. To explore the potential targets of rice blast control, the analysis of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the liquid culture medium of mycelium treated by 10 mg/L of IBC for 2 h and the control group indicated that Enolase 1 (ENO1) was the most significantly down-regulated DEP with a fold change value of 0.305. In vitro experiments showed that after treating liquid culture mycelium with 10 mg/L of IBC for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h, the enzymatic activity of ENO1 in the IBC experimental groups was 0.97, 0.75, 0.52, 0.44, and 0.39 times as much as in the control groups, respectively. To further explore the molecular interaction and binding mode between IBC and ENO1, the three-dimensional structure of ENO1 was established based on homology modeling. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation showed that IBC had a pi-pi stacking effect with the residue TYR_365, a hydrogen bond interaction with the residue ARG_393, and hydrophobic interactions with non-polar residues ALA_361, LYS_362, and VAL_371 of ENO1. These findings indicated that ENO1 is a potential target of M. oryzae, which would pave the way for screening novel effective fungicides targeting ENO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang110142, China
| | - Yaoliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Applied Biology Laboratory, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang110142, China
| | - Yuejuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang110142, China
| | - Shumin Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang110142, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang110016, China
| | - Lijie Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang110142, China
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9
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Post-Translational Modifications in Tumor-Associated Antigens as a Platform for Novel Immuno-Oncology Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010138. [PMID: 36612133 PMCID: PMC9817968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are generated by adding small chemical groups to amino acid residues after the translation of proteins. Many PTMs have been reported to correlate with tumor progression, growth, and survival by modifying the normal functions of the protein in tumor cells. PTMs can also elicit humoral and cellular immune responses, making them attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. This review will discuss how the acetylation, citrullination, and phosphorylation of proteins expressed by tumor cells render the corresponding tumor-associated antigen more antigenic and affect the immune response in multiple cancers. In addition, the role of glycosylated protein mucins in anti-cancer immunotherapy will be considered. Mucin peptides in combination with stimulating adjuvants have, in fact, been utilized to produce anti-tumor antibodies and vaccines. Finally, we will also outline the results of the clinical trial exploiting glycosylated-MUC1 as a vaccine in different cancers. Overall, PTMs in TAAs could be considered in future therapies to result in lasting anti-tumor responses.
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10
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Huppertz I, Perez-Perri JI, Mantas P, Sekaran T, Schwarzl T, Russo F, Ferring-Appel D, Koskova Z, Dimitrova-Paternoga L, Kafkia E, Hennig J, Neveu PA, Patil K, Hentze MW. Riboregulation of Enolase 1 activity controls glycolysis and embryonic stem cell differentiation. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2666-2680.e11. [PMID: 35709751 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Differentiating stem cells must coordinate their metabolism and fate trajectories. Here, we report that the catalytic activity of the glycolytic enzyme Enolase 1 (ENO1) is directly regulated by RNAs leading to metabolic rewiring in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We identify RNA ligands that specifically inhibit ENO1's enzymatic activity in vitro and diminish glycolysis in cultured human cells and mESCs. Pharmacological inhibition or RNAi-mediated depletion of the protein deacetylase SIRT2 increases ENO1's acetylation and enhances its RNA binding. Similarly, induction of mESC differentiation leads to increased ENO1 acetylation, enhanced RNA binding, and inhibition of glycolysis. Stem cells expressing mutant forms of ENO1 that escape or hyper-activate this regulation display impaired germ layer differentiation. Our findings uncover acetylation-driven riboregulation of ENO1 as a physiological mechanism of glycolytic control and of the regulation of stem cell differentiation. Riboregulation may represent a more widespread principle of biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Huppertz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joel I Perez-Perri
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Mantas
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thileepan Sekaran
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarzl
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Russo
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dunja Ferring-Appel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zuzana Koskova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Eleni Kafkia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janosch Hennig
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierre A Neveu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kiran Patil
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Hentze
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
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11
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Sharifi Tabar M, Francis H, Yeo D, Bailey CG, Rasko JEJ. Mapping oncogenic protein interactions for precision medicine. Int J Cancer 2022; 151:7-19. [PMID: 35113472 PMCID: PMC9306658 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Normal protein‐protein interactions (normPPIs) occur with high fidelity to regulate almost every physiological process. In cancer, this highly organised and precisely regulated network is disrupted, hijacked or reprogrammed resulting in oncogenic protein‐protein interactions (oncoPPIs). OncoPPIs, which can result from genomic alterations, are a hallmark of many types of cancers. Recent technological advances in the field of mass spectrometry (MS)‐based interactomics, structural biology and drug discovery have prompted scientists to identify and characterise oncoPPIs. Disruption of oncoPPI interfaces has become a major focus of drug discovery programs and has resulted in the use of PPI‐specific drugs clinically. However, due to several technical hurdles, studies to build a reference oncoPPI map for various cancer types have not been undertaken. Therefore, there is an urgent need for experimental workflows to overcome the existing challenges in studying oncoPPIs in various cancers and to build comprehensive reference maps. Here, we discuss the important hurdles for characterising oncoPPIs and propose a three‐phase multidisciplinary workflow to identify and characterise oncoPPIs. Systematic identification of cancer‐type‐specific oncogenic interactions will spur new opportunities for PPI‐focused drug discovery projects and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi Tabar
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cancer & Gene Regulation Laboratory Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Habib Francis
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cancer & Gene Regulation Laboratory Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dannel Yeo
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Li Ka Shing Cell & Gene Therapy Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cell & Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles G Bailey
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cancer & Gene Regulation Laboratory Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John E J Rasko
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Li Ka Shing Cell & Gene Therapy Program, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Cell & Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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12
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Kumar AA, Buckley BJ, Ranson M. The Urokinase Plasminogen Activation System in Pancreatic Cancer: Prospective Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets. Biomolecules 2022; 12:152. [PMID: 35204653 PMCID: PMC8961517 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy that features high recurrence rates and the poorest prognosis of all solid cancers. The urokinase plasminogen activation system (uPAS) is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology and clinical outcomes of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which accounts for more than 90% of all pancreatic cancers. Overexpression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) or its cell surface receptor uPAR is a key step in the acquisition of a metastatic phenotype via multiple mechanisms, including the increased activation of cell surface localised plasminogen which generates the serine protease plasmin. This triggers multiple downstream processes that promote tumour cell migration and invasion. Increasing clinical evidence shows that the overexpression of uPA, uPAR, or of both is strongly associated with worse clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in PDAC patients. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the uPAS in the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer, with a focus on PDAC, and summarises the substantial body of evidence that supports the role of uPAS components, including plasminogen receptors, in this disease. The review further outlines the clinical utility of uPAS components as prospective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PDAC, as well as a rationale for the development of novel uPAS-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna A. Kumar
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.A.K.); (B.J.B.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Buckley
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.A.K.); (B.J.B.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Marie Ranson
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; (A.A.K.); (B.J.B.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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13
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Abstract
Antibodies against autologous tumor-associated antigens have been demonstrated as being useful biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis and prognosis. They have several advantages such as long half-life (7-30 days depending on subtiter of Ig), inherent stability in patients' blood due to not being subjected to proteolysis, well-studied biochemical properties, and their easy detections via secondary antibodies or antigens. Moreover, they can be easily screened in the serum using a noninvasive approach. Consequently, many technical approaches have been developed to study autoantibodies. We used serological proteome analysis (SERPA) for analyzing antibodies in pancreatic cancer patients' sera, and the technique will be discussed in detail. SERPA has several advantages over other approaches currently used such as SEREX (serological analysis of tumor antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning) and phage display. SEREX involves the construction of a lambda phage cDNA library from tumor samples to infect bacteria. While library construction is a quite laborious and time-consuming procedure in SEREX, detection of posttranslational modifications that could be fundamental for antibody recognition is a major limitation of both SEREX and phage display techniques. SERPA avoids the time-consuming construction of cDNA libraries. In addition, since it does not rely on bacterial expression of antigens, antigens will have their usual posttranslational modifications preventing false-positive or -negative results in autoantibody profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Turin University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bulfamante
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Healthy Sciences, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mandili
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Turin University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), Turin University Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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14
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Zhang Z, Zhang HJ. Glycometabolic rearrangements-aerobic glycolysis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC): roles, regulatory networks, and therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:1077-1093. [PMID: 34874212 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2015321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycometabolic rearrangements (aerobic glycolysis) is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and contributes to tumorigenesis and progression through numerous mechanisms. The targeting of aerobic glycolysis is recognized as a potential therapeutic strategy which offers the possibility of improving treatment outcomes for PDAC patients. AREAS COVERED In this review, the role of aerobic glycolysis and its regulatory networks in PDAC are discussed. The targeting of aerobic glycolysis in PDAC is examined, and its therapeutic potential is evaluated. The relevant literature published from 2001 to 2021 was searched in databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. EXPERT OPINION Regulatory networks of aerobic glycolysis in PDAC are based on key factors such as c-Myc, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, and non-coding RNAs. Experimental evidence suggests that modulators or inhibitors of aerobic glycolysis promote therapeutic effects in preclinical tumor models. Nevertheless, successful clinical translation of drugs that target aerobic glycolysis in PDAC is an obstacle. Moreover, it is necessary to identify the potential targets for future interventions from regulatory networks to design efficacious and safer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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15
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Qiao G, Wu A, Chen X, Tian Y, Lin X. Enolase 1, a Moonlighting Protein, as a Potential Target for Cancer Treatment. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3981-3992. [PMID: 34671213 PMCID: PMC8495383 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enolase 1 (ENO1) is a moonlighting protein, function as a glycolysis enzyme, a plasminogen receptor and a DNA binding protein. ENO1 play an important role in the process of cancer development. The transcription, translation, post-translational modifying activities and the immunoregulatory role of ENO1 at the cancer development is receiving increasing attention. Some function model studies have shown that ENO1 is a potential target for cancer treatment. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the characterization, function, related transduction cascades of ENO1 and its roles in the pathophysiology of cancers, which is a consequence of ENO1 signaling dysregulation. And the development of novels anticancer agents that targets ENO1 may provide a more attractive option for the treatment of cancers. The data of sarcoma and functional cancer models indicates that ENO1 may become a new potential target for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China (Q.G, ).,School of Pharmacy, Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Drugability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Schools of Medicine; Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, 037009, China
| | - Ye Tian
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University,Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- College of Life Sci., Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
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16
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Belousov PV. Analysis of the Repertoires of Circulating Autoantibodies' Specificities as a Tool for Identification of the Tumor-Associated Antigens: Current Problems and Solutions. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1225-1242. [PMID: 34903148 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circulating autoantibodies against tumor-associated autoantigens (TAA) may serve as valuable biomarkers for a wide range of diagnostic purposes. Modern immunology offers a large variety of methods for in-depth comparative analysis of the repertoires of circulating antibodies' antigenic specificities in health and disease. Nevertheless, this research field so far has met somewhat limited clinical success, while numerous data on the repertoires of circulating autoantibodies' specificities in cancer patients are poorly integrated into the contemporary picture of the immunological and molecular landscapes of human tumors. This review is an attempt to identify and systematize the key and essentially universal conceptual and methodological limitations of analyses of the repertoires of circulating antibodies' antigenic specificities in cancer (expression bias, redundancy of TAA repertoires, identification of natural IgG, the absence of the pathogenetically relevant context in the experimental systems used to detect TAA), as well as to discuss potential and already known methodological improvements that may significantly increase the detectability of the pathogenetically relevant and diagnostically significant bona fide TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Belousov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- National Center for Personalized Medicine of Endocrine Diseases, National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 117036, Russia
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17
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Thurner L, Hartmann S, Bewarder M, Fadle N, Regitz E, Schormann C, Quiroga N, Kemele M, Klapper W, Rosenwald A, Trümper L, Bohle RM, Nimmesgern A, Körbel C, Lascke MW, Menger MD, Barth S, Kubuschok B, Mottok A, Kaddu-Mulindwa D, Hansmann ML, Pöschel V, Held G, Murawski N, Stilgenbauer S, Neumann F, Preuss KD, Pfreundschuh M. Identification of the atypically modified autoantigen Ars2 as the target of B-cell receptors from activated B-cell-type diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica 2021; 106:2224-2232. [PMID: 32675228 PMCID: PMC8327713 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.241653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that stimulation of B-cell receptors (BCR) by specific antigens plays a pathogenic role in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, it was the aim to screen for specific reactivities of DLBCL-BCR in the spectrum of autoantigens and antigens of infectious origin. Arsenite resistance protein 2 (Ars2) was identified as the BCR target of three of five activated B-cell type DLBCL cell lines and two of 11 primary DLBCL cases. Compared to controls, Ars2 was hypophosphorylated exclusively in cases and cell lines with Ars2-specific BCR. In a validation cohort, hypophosphorylated Ars2 was found in eight of 31 activated B-cell type DLBCL, but in only one of 20 germinal center B-cell like type DLBCL. Incubation with Ars2 induced BCR-pathway activation and increased proliferation, while an Ars2/ETA’ toxin conjugate induced killing of cell lines with Ars2-reactive BCR. Ars2 appears to play a role in a subgroup of activated B-cell-type DLBCL. Moreover, transformed DLBCL lines with Ars2-reactive BCR still showed growth advantage after incubation with Ars2. These results provide knowledge about the pathogenic role of a specific antigen stimulating the BCR pathway in DLCBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Thurner
- Saarland Medical School, Internal Medicine I, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Moritz Bewarder
- Saarland Medical School, Internal Medicine I, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Natalie Fadle
- Saarland Medical School, Internal Medicine I, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Evi Regitz
- Saarland Medical School, Internal Medicine I, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Natalia Quiroga
- Saarland Medical School, Internal Medicine I, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Maria Kemele
- Saarland Medical School, Internal Medicine I, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Würzburg and CCC Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Trümper
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Maria Bohle
- Saarland University Medical School, Institute of Pathology, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Anna Nimmesgern
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Christina Körbel
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias W Lascke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Institute for Infectious disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Boris Kubuschok
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Augsburg University Medical Center, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Anja Mottok
- Institute of Human Genetics, Ulm University and Ulm University Medical Center, Germany
| | | | | | - Viola Pöschel
- Saarland Medical School, Internal Medicine I, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Gerhard Held
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Westpfalzklinikum Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Niels Murawski
- Saarland Medical School, Internal Medicine I, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Frank Neumann
- Saarland Medical School, Internal Medicine I, Homburg/Saar, Germany
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18
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Huang SS, Liao WY, Hsu CC, Chan TS, Liao TY, Yang PM, Chen LT, Sung SY, Tsai KK. A Novel Invadopodia-Specific Marker for Invasive and Pro-Metastatic Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638311. [PMID: 34136381 PMCID: PMC8200852 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stem-like cancer cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) may comprise a phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous subset of cells, whereas the molecular markers reflecting this CSC hierarchy remain elusive. The glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase (ENO1) present on the surface of malignant tumor cells has been identified as a metastasis-promoting factor through its function of activating plasminogen. The expression pattern of surface ENO1 (sENO1) concerning cell-to-cell or CSC heterogeneity and its functional roles await further investigation. Methods The cell-to-cell expression heterogeneity of sENO1 was profiled in malignant cells from different types of cancers using flow cytometry. The subcellular localization of sENO1 and its functional roles in the invadopodia formation and cancer cell invasiveness were investigated using a series of imaging, molecular, and in vitro and in vivo functional studies. Results We showed here that ENO1 is specifically localized to the invadopodial surface of a significant subset (11.1%-63.9%) of CSCs in human gastric and prostate adenocarcinomas. sENO1+ CSCs have stronger mesenchymal properties than their sENO1- counterparts. The subsequent functional studies confirmed the remarkable pro-invasive and pro-metastatic capacities of sENO1+ CSCs. Mechanistically, inhibiting the surface localization of ENO1 by downregulating caveolin-1 expression compromised invadopodia biogenesis, proteolysis, and CSC invasiveness. Conclusions Our study identified the specific expression of ENO1 on the invadopodial surface of a subset of highly invasive and pro-metastatic CSCs. sENO1 may provide a diagnostically and/or therapeutically exploitable target to improve the outcome of patients with aggressive and metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenq-Shyang Huang
- Graduate Program of Biotechnology in Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Liao
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Hsu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Sian Chan
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Integrated Therapy Center for Gastroenterological Cancers, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Yan Liao
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ming Yang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kelvin K Tsai
- Laboratory of Advanced Molecular Therapeutics, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Integrated Therapy Center for Gastroenterological Cancers, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan City, Taiwan.,Clinical Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Taipei Medical University (TMU) and Affiliated Hospitals Pancreatic Cancer Groups, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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19
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Paston SJ, Brentville VA, Symonds P, Durrant LG. Cancer Vaccines, Adjuvants, and Delivery Systems. Front Immunol 2021; 12:627932. [PMID: 33859638 PMCID: PMC8042385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.627932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination was first pioneered in the 18th century by Edward Jenner and eventually led to the development of the smallpox vaccine and subsequently the eradication of smallpox. The impact of vaccination to prevent infectious diseases has been outstanding with many infections being prevented and a significant decrease in mortality worldwide. Cancer vaccines aim to clear active disease instead of aiming to prevent disease, the only exception being the recently approved vaccine that prevents cancers caused by the Human Papillomavirus. The development of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been disappointing with many early cancer vaccines that showed promise in preclinical models often failing to translate into efficacy in the clinic. In this review we provide an overview of the current vaccine platforms, adjuvants and delivery systems that are currently being investigated or have been approved. With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, we also review the potential of these to be used with cancer vaccines to improve efficacy and help to overcome the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Symonds
- Biodiscovery Institute, Scancell Limited, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lindy G. Durrant
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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20
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Curcio C, Brugiapaglia S, Bulfamante S, Follia L, Cappello P, Novelli F. The Glycolytic Pathway as a Target for Novel Onco-Immunology Therapies in Pancreatic Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:1642. [PMID: 33804240 PMCID: PMC7998946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal forms of human cancer, characterized by unrestrained progression, invasiveness and treatment resistance. To date, there are limited curative options, with surgical resection as the only effective strategy, hence the urgent need to discover novel therapies. A platform of onco-immunology targets is represented by molecules that play a role in the reprogrammed cellular metabolism as one hallmark of cancer. Due to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), PDA cells display an altered glucose metabolism-resulting in its increased uptake-and a higher glycolytic rate, which leads to lactate accumulation and them acting as fuel for cancer cells. The consequent acidification of the TME results in immunosuppression, which impairs the antitumor immunity. This review analyzes the genetic background and the emerging glycolytic enzymes that are involved in tumor progression, development and metastasis, and how this represents feasible therapeutic targets to counteract PDA. In particular, as the overexpressed or mutated glycolytic enzymes stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses, we will discuss their possible exploitation as immunological targets in anti-PDA therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Curcio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Brugiapaglia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Bulfamante
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Follia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Computer Science Department, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (S.B.); (S.B.); (L.F.); (P.C.)
- Centro Ricerche Medicina Sperimentale, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
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21
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Almaguel FA, Sanchez TW, Ortiz-Hernandez GL, Casiano CA. Alpha-Enolase: Emerging Tumor-Associated Antigen, Cancer Biomarker, and Oncotherapeutic Target. Front Genet 2021; 11:614726. [PMID: 33584813 PMCID: PMC7876367 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.614726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-enolase, also known as enolase-1 (ENO1), is a glycolytic enzyme that “moonlights” as a plasminogen receptor in the cell surface, particularly in tumors, contributing to cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. ENO1 also promotes other oncogenic events, including protein-protein interactions that regulate glycolysis, activation of signaling pathways, and resistance to chemotherapy. ENO1 overexpression has been established in a broad range of human cancers and is often associated with poor prognosis. This increased expression is usually accompanied by the generation of anti-ENO1 autoantibodies in some cancer patients, making this protein a tumor associated antigen. These autoantibodies are common in patients with cancer associated retinopathy, where they exert pathogenic effects, and may be triggered by immunodominant peptides within the ENO1 sequence or by posttranslational modifications. ENO1 overexpression in multiple cancer types, localization in the tumor cell surface, and demonstrated targetability make this protein a promising cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. This mini-review summarizes our current knowledge of ENO1 functions in cancer and its growing potential as a cancer biomarker and guide for the development of novel anti-tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankis A Almaguel
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tino W Sanchez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Greisha L Ortiz-Hernandez
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Carlos A Casiano
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States
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22
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Thurner L, Hartmann S, Neumann F, Hoth M, Stilgenbauer S, Küppers R, Preuss KD, Bewarder M. Role of Specific B-Cell Receptor Antigens in Lymphomagenesis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:604685. [PMID: 33363034 PMCID: PMC7756126 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.604685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway is a crucial pathway of B cells, both for their survival and for antigen-mediated activation, proliferation and differentiation. Its activation is also critical for the genesis of many lymphoma types. BCR-mediated lymphoma proliferation may be caused by activating BCR-pathway mutations and/or by active or tonic stimulation of the BCR. BCRs of lymphomas have frequently been described as polyreactive. In this review, the role of specific target antigens of the BCRs of lymphomas is highlighted. These antigens have been found to be restricted to specific lymphoma entities. The antigens can be of infectious origin, such as H. pylori in gastric MALT lymphoma or RpoC of M. catarrhalis in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, or they are autoantigens. Examples of such autoantigens are the BCR itself in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, LRPAP1 in mantle cell lymphoma, hyper-N-glycosylated SAMD14/neurabin-I in primary central nervous system lymphoma, hypo-phosphorylated ARS2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and hyper-phosphorylated SLP2, sumoylated HSP90 or saposin C in plasma cell dyscrasia. Notably, atypical posttranslational modifications are often responsible for the immunogenicity of many autoantigens. Possible therapeutic approaches evolving from these specific antigens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Thurner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, José Carreras Center for Immuno- and Gene Therapy, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt a. Main, Germany
| | - Frank Neumann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, José Carreras Center for Immuno- and Gene Therapy, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, José Carreras Center for Immuno- and Gene Therapy, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Medical School, Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Deutsches Konsortium für translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Preuss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, José Carreras Center for Immuno- and Gene Therapy, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Bewarder
- Department of Internal Medicine I, José Carreras Center for Immuno- and Gene Therapy, Saarland University Medical School, Homburg, Germany
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23
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O-glycan recognition and function in mice and human cancers. Biochem J 2020; 477:1541-1564. [PMID: 32348475 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation represents a nearly ubiquitous post-translational modification, and altered glycosylation can result in clinically significant pathological consequences. Here we focus on O-glycosylation in tumor cells of mice and humans. O-glycans are those linked to serine and threonine (Ser/Thr) residues via N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), which are oligosaccharides that occur widely in glycoproteins, such as those expressed on the surfaces and in secretions of all cell types. The structure and expression of O-glycans are dependent on the cell type and disease state of the cells. There is a great interest in O-glycosylation of tumor cells, as they typically express many altered types of O-glycans compared with untransformed cells. Such altered expression of glycans, quantitatively and/or qualitatively on different glycoproteins, is used as circulating tumor biomarkers, such as CA19-9 and CA-125. Other tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), such as the Tn antigen and sialyl-Tn antigen (STn), are truncated O-glycans commonly expressed by carcinomas on multiple glycoproteins; they contribute to tumor development and serve as potential biomarkers for tumor presence and stage, both in immunohistochemistry and in serum diagnostics. Here we discuss O-glycosylation in murine and human cells with a focus on colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancers, centering on the structure, function and recognition of O-glycans. There are enormous opportunities to exploit our knowledge of O-glycosylation in tumor cells to develop new diagnostics and therapeutics.
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24
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Yang T, Shu X, Zhang HW, Sun LX, Yu L, Liu J, Sun LC, Yang ZH, Ran YL. Enolase 1 regulates stem cell-like properties in gastric cancer cells by stimulating glycolysis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:870. [PMID: 33067426 PMCID: PMC7567818 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare sub-group of gastric cancer (GC) cells and have an important role in promoting the tumor growth and progression of GC. In the present study, we demonstrated that the glycolytic enzyme Enolase 1 (ENO1) was involved in the regulation of the stem cell-like characteristics of GC cells, as compared to the parental cell lines PAMC-82 and SNU16, the expression of ENO1 in spheroids markedly increased. We then observed that ENO1 could enhance stem cell-like characteristics, including self-renewal capacity, cell invasion and migration, chemoresistance, and even the tumorigenicity of GC cells. ENO1 is known as an enzyme that is involved in glycolysis, but our results showed that ENO1 could markedly promote the glycolytic activity of cells. Furthermore, inhibiting glycolysis activity using 2-deoxy-D-glucose treatment significantly reduced the stemness of GC cells. Therefore, ENO1 could improve the stemness of CSCs by enhancing the cells' glycolysis. Subsequently, to further confirm our results, we found that the inhibition of ENO1 using AP-III-a4 (ENOblock) could reduce the stemness of GC cells to a similar extent as the knockdown of ENO1 by shRNA. Finally, increased expression of ENO1 was related to poor prognosis in GC patients. Taken together, our results demonstrated that ENO1 is a significant biomarker associated with the stemness of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiong Shu
- Laboratory of Molecular orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Hui-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Li-Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Li-Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yu-Liang Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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25
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Mucciolo G, Roux C, Scagliotti A, Brugiapaglia S, Novelli F, Cappello P. The dark side of immunotherapy: pancreatic cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:491-520. [PMID: 35582441 PMCID: PMC8992483 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the journal Science deemed cancer immunotherapy as the "breakthrough of the year" in 2014, there has been an explosion of clinical trials involving immunotherapeutic approaches that, in the last decade - thanks also to the renaissance of the immunosurveillance theory (renamed the three Es theory) - have been continuously and successfully developed. In the latest update of the development of the immuno-oncology drug pipeline, published last November by Nature Review Drug Discovery, it was clearly reported that the immunoactive drugs under study almost doubled in just two years. Of the different classes of passive and active immunotherapies, "cell therapy" is the fastest growing. The aim of this review is to discuss the preclinical and clinical studies that have focused on different immuno-oncology approaches applied to pancreatic cancer, which we assign to the "dark side" of immunotherapy, in the sense that it represents one of the solid tumors showing less response to this type of therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Mucciolo
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- The two authors contributed equally
| | - Cecilia Roux
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- The two authors contributed equally
| | - Alessandro Scagliotti
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Silvia Brugiapaglia
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
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26
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Wang L, Yin H, Bi R, Gao G, Li K, Liu HL. ENO1-targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for detecting pancreatic cancer by magnetic resonance imaging. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5751-5757. [PMID: 32285549 PMCID: PMC7214157 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of PDAC using ENO1‐targeted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and xenograft models. Expression level and location of ENO1 protein in pancreatic cancer cell lines of CFPAC‐1 and MiaPaCa‐2 were detected by Western blotting, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Dex‐g‐PCL/SPIO nanoparticles targeting ENO1 were constructed with ENO1 antibody and characterized by MRI. In addition, ENO1‐Dex‐g‐PCL/SPIO nanoparticles were tested to assess their efficacy on the detection of PDAC using in vitro and in vivo MRI. The results showed that ENO1 was expressed in both human PDAC cell lines of CFPAC‐1 and MiaPaCa‐2, demonstrating that the localization of cytoplasm and membrane was dominant. It was confirmed that ENO1 antibody was connected to the SPIO surface in ENO1‐Dex‐g‐PCL/SPIO nanoparticles. The nanoparticles had satisfactory superparamagnetism and significantly enhance the detection of PDAC by in vivo and in vitro MRI. In conclusion, ENO1 can serve as a membrane protein expressed on human PDAC cell lines. ENO1‐targeted SPIO nanoparticles using ENO1 antibody can increase the efficiency of detection of PDAC by in vitro and in vivo MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongrong Bi
- Department of Pulmonary, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo Gao
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaicheng Li
- Department of Radiology, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to the School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Mandili G, Follia L, Ferrero G, Katayama H, Hong W, Momin AA, Capello M, Giordano D, Spadi R, Satolli MA, Evangelista A, Hanash SM, Cordero F, Novelli F. Immune-Complexome Analysis Identifies Immunoglobulin-Bound Biomarkers That Predict the Response to Chemotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E746. [PMID: 32245227 PMCID: PMC7140049 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an aggressive malignancy with a very poor outcome. Although chemotherapy (CT) treatment has poor efficacy, it can enhance tumor immunogenicity. Tumor-Associated Antigens (TAA) are self-proteins that are overexpressed in tumors that may induce antibody production and can be PDA theranostic targets. However, the prognostic value of TAA-antibody association as Circulating Immune Complexes (CIC) has not yet been elucidated, mainly due to the lack of techniques that lead to their identification. In this study, we show a novel method to separate IgG, IgM, and IgA CIC from sera to use them as prognostic biomarkers of CT response. The PDA Immune-Complexome (IC) was identified using a LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer followed by computational analysis. The analysis of the IC of 37 PDA patients before and after CT revealed differential associated antigens (DAA) for each immunoglobulin class. Our method identified different PDA-specific CIC in patients that were associated with poor prognosis patients. Finally, CIC levels were significantly modified by CT suggesting that they can be used as effective prognostic biomarkers to follow CT response in PDA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mandili
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.M.); (L.F.)
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Laura Follia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.M.); (L.F.)
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, 10149 Torino, Italy; (G.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, 10149 Torino, Italy; (G.F.); (F.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wang Hong
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Amin A. Momin
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michela Capello
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniele Giordano
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Rosella Spadi
- Centro Oncologico Ematologico Subalpino (COES), University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Evangelista
- Cittá della salute e della scienza University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Samir M. Hanash
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francesca Cordero
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, 10149 Torino, Italy; (G.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy; (G.M.); (L.F.)
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Cittá della salute e della scienza University Hospital of Turin, University of Turin, 10126 Torino, Italy
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28
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Brentville VA, Vankemmelbeke M, Metheringham RL, Durrant LG. Post-translational modifications such as citrullination are excellent targets for cancer therapy. Semin Immunol 2020; 47:101393. [PMID: 31932199 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Under conditions of cellular stress, proteins can be post-translationally modified causing them to be recognized by the immune system. One such stress-induced post-translational modification (siPTM) is citrullination, the conversion of arginine residues to citrulline by peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes. PAD enzymes are activated by millimolar concentrations of calcium which can occur during apoptosis, leading to precipitation of proteins, their subsequent uptake by B cells and stimulation of antibody responses. Detection of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) is a diagnostic of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where immune complexes stimulate inflammation around the joints. More recently, autophagy has been shown to play a role in the presentation of citrullinated peptides on MHC class II molecules to CD4+ helper T cells, suggesting that citrullination may be a way of alerting immune cells to cellular stress. Additionally, inflammation-induced IFNγ and concomitant MHC class II expression on target cells contributes to immune activation. Stressful conditions in the tumor microenvironment induce autophagy in cancer cells as a pro-survival mechanism. Cancer cells also over express PAD enzymes and in light of this the hypothesis that citrullinated peptides stimulate CD4+ T cell responses that would recognize these siPTM's produced during autophagy has been investigated. The induction of potent citrullinated peptide-specific CD4 responses has been shown in both humans and HLA transgenic mouse models. Responses in mouse models resulted in potent anti-tumour responses against tumours expressing either constitutive or IFNγ-inducible MHC class II. The anti-tumour effect relied upon direct recognition of tumours by specific CD4 T cells suggesting that citrullinated peptides are attractive targets for cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Brentville
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Science Road, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - M Vankemmelbeke
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Science Road, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - R L Metheringham
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Science Road, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - L G Durrant
- Scancell Ltd, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Science Road, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK; Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Science Road, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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29
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Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Pancreatic Cancer: Implications in Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111627. [PMID: 31652904 PMCID: PMC6893814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a devastating human malignancy with poor prognosis and low survival rates. Several cellular mechanisms have been linked with pancreatic carcinogenesis and also implicated in inducing tumor resistance to known therapeutic regimens. Of various factors, immune evasion mechanisms play critical roles in tumor progression and impeding the efficacy of cancer therapies including PDAC. Among immunosuppressive cell types, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been extensively studied and demonstrated to not only support PDAC development but also hamper the anti-tumor immune responses elicited by therapeutic agents. Notably, recent efforts have been directed in devising novel approaches to target MDSCs to limit their effects. Multiple strategies including immune-based approaches have been explored either alone or in combination with therapeutic agents to target MDSCs in preclinical and clinical settings of PDAC. The current review highlights the roles and mechanisms of MDSCs as well as the implications of this immunomodulatory cell type as a potential target to improve the efficacy of therapeutic regimens for PDAC.
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30
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Bassani-Sternberg M, Digklia A, Huber F, Wagner D, Sempoux C, Stevenson BJ, Thierry AC, Michaux J, Pak H, Racle J, Boudousquie C, Balint K, Coukos G, Gfeller D, Martin Lluesma S, Harari A, Demartines N, Kandalaft LE. A Phase Ib Study of the Combination of Personalized Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine, Aspirin, and Standard of Care Adjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Nivolumab for Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma-A Proof of Antigen Discovery Feasibility in Three Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1832. [PMID: 31440238 PMCID: PMC6694698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the promising therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), most patients with solid tumors treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy do not achieve objective responses, with most tumor regressions being partial rather than complete. It is hypothesized that the absence of pre-existing antitumor immunity and/or the presence of additional tumor immune suppressive factors at the tumor microenvironment are responsible for such therapeutic failures. It is therefore clear that in order to fully exploit the potential of PD-1 blockade therapy, antitumor immune response should be amplified, while tumor immune suppression should be further attenuated. Cancer vaccines may prime patients for treatments with ICB by inducing effective anti-tumor immunity, especially in patients lacking tumor-infiltrating T-cells. These "non-inflamed" non-permissive tumors that are resistant to ICB could be rendered sensitive and transformed into "inflamed" tumor by vaccination. In this article we describe a clinical study where we use pancreatic cancer as a model, and we hypothesize that effective vaccination in pancreatic cancer patients, along with interventions that can reprogram important immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment, can enhance tumor immune recognition, thus enhancing response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. We incorporate into the schedule of standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy adjuvant setting a vaccine platform comprised of autologous dendritic cells loaded with personalized neoantigen peptides (PEP-DC) identified through our own proteo-genomics antigen discovery pipeline. Furthermore, we add nivolumab, an antibody against PD-1, to boost and maintain the vaccine's effect. We also demonstrate the feasibility of identifying personalized neoantigens in three pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, and we describe their optimal incorporation into long peptides for manufacturing into vaccine products. We finally discuss the advantages as well as the scientific and logistic challenges of such an exploratory vaccine clinical trial, and we highlight its novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Digklia
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Huber
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea Wagner
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Institute of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne-Christine Thierry
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justine Michaux
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - HuiSong Pak
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Racle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Boudousquie
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Klara Balint
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gfeller
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Martin Lluesma
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E. Kandalaft
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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31
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Salvia R, Grimaldi A, Girardello R, Scieuzo C, Scala A, Bufo SA, Vogel H, Falabella P. Aphidius ervi Teratocytes Release Enolase and Fatty Acid Binding Protein Through Exosomal Vesicles. Front Physiol 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 31275155 PMCID: PMC6593151 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular bases of the host-parasitoid interactions in the biological system Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera, Aphididae) and Aphidius ervi (Haliday) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) have been elucidated allowing the identification of a gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, the active component of maternal venom secretion, and teratocytes, the embryonic parasitic factors responsible for host physiology regulation after parasitization. Teratocytes, cells deriving from the dissociation of the serosa, the parasitoid embryonic membrane, are responsible for extra-oral digestion of host tissues in order to provide a suitable nutritional environment for the development of parasitoid larvae. Teratocytes rapidly grow in size without undergoing any cell division, synthesize, and release in the host hemolymph two proteins: a fatty acid binding protein (Ae-FABP) and an enolase (Ae-ENO). Ae-FABP is involved in transport of fatty acids deriving from host tissues to the parasitoid larva. Ae-ENO is an extracellular glycolytic enzyme that functions as a plasminogen like receptor inducing its activation to plasmin. Both Ae-FABP and Ae-ENO lack their signal peptides, and they are released in the extracellular environment through an unknown secretion pathway. Here, we investigated the unconventional mechanism by which teratocytes release Ae-FABP and Ae-ENO in the extracellular space. Our results, obtained using immunogold staining coupled with TEM and western blot analyses, show that these two proteins are localized in vesicles released by teratocytes. The specific dimension of these vesicles and the immunodetection of ALIX and HSP70, two exosome markers, strongly support the hypothesis that these vesicles are exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Rossana Girardello
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Scala
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | - Sabino A. Bufo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management & Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Didiasova M, Schaefer L, Wygrecka M. When Place Matters: Shuttling of Enolase-1 Across Cellular Compartments. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:61. [PMID: 31106201 PMCID: PMC6498095 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enolase is a glycolytic enzyme, which catalyzes the inter-conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. Altered expression of this enzyme is frequently observed in cancer and accounts for the Warburg effect, an adaptive response of tumor cells to hypoxia. In addition to its catalytic function, ENO-1 exhibits other activities, which strongly depend on its cellular and extracellular localization. For example, the association of ENO-1 with mitochondria membrane was found to be important for the stability of the mitochondrial membrane, and ENO-1 sequestration on the cell surface was crucial for plasmin-mediated pericellular proteolysis. The latter activity of ENO-1 enables many pathogens but also immune and cancer cells to invade the tissue, leading further to infection, inflammation or metastasis formation. The ability of ENO-1 to conduct so many diverse processes is reflected by its contribution to a high number of pathologies, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular hypertrophy, fungal and bacterial infections, cancer, systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatic fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic sclerosis. These unexpected non-catalytic functions of ENO-1 and their contributions to diseases are the subjects of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Didiasova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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33
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Follia L, Ferrero G, Mandili G, Beccuti M, Giordano D, Spadi R, Satolli MA, Evangelista A, Katayama H, Hong W, Momin AA, Capello M, Hanash SM, Novelli F, Cordero F. Integrative Analysis of Novel Metabolic Subtypes in Pancreatic Cancer Fosters New Prognostic Biomarkers. Front Oncol 2019; 9:115. [PMID: 30873387 PMCID: PMC6400843 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most of the patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) are not eligible for a curative surgical resection. For this reason there is an urgent need for personalized therapies. PDA is the result of complex interactions between tumor molecular profile and metabolites produced by its microenvironment. Despite recent studies identified PDA molecular subtypes, its metabolic classification is still lacking. Methods: We applied an integrative analysis on transcriptomic and genomic data of glycolytic genes in PDA. Data were collected from public datasets and molecular glycolytic subtypes were defined using hierarchical clustering. The grade of purity of the cancer samples was assessed estimating the different amount of stromal and immunological infiltrate among the identified PDA subtypes. Analyses of metabolomic data from a subset of PDA cell lines allowed us to identify the different metabolites produced by the metabolic subtypes. Sera of a cohort of 31 PDA patients were analyzed using Q-TOF mass spectrometer to measure the amount of metabolic circulating proteins present before and after chemotherapy. Results: Our integrative analysis of glycolytic genes identified two glycolytic and two non-glycolytic metabolic PDA subtypes. Glycolytic patients develop disease earlier, have poor prognosis, low immune-infiltrated tumors, and are characterized by a gain in chr12p13 genomic region. This gain results in the over-expression of GAPDH, TPI1, and FOXM1. PDA cell lines with the gain of chr12p13 are characterized by an higher lipid uptake and sensitivity to drug targeting the fatty acid metabolism. Our sera proteomic analysis confirms that TPI1 serum levels increase in poor prognosis gemcitabine-treated patients. Conclusions: We identify four metabolic PDA subtypes with different prognosis outcomes which may have pivotal role in setting personalized treatments. Moreover, our data suggest TPI1 as putative prognostic PDA biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Follia
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mandili
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Beccuti
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Giordano
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Rosella Spadi
- Centro Oncologico Ematologico Subalpino, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Satolli
- Centro Oncologico Ematologico Subalpino, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Evangelista
- Servizio di Epidemiologia dei Tumori, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wang Hong
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Amin A. Momin
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michela Capello
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Samir M. Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention Research, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Sun L, Lu T, Tian K, Zhou D, Yuan J, Wang X, Zhu Z, Wan D, Yao Y, Zhu X, He S. Alpha-enolase promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and metastasis via regulating AKT signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 845:8-15. [PMID: 30582908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increased aerobic glycolysis is considered as a hallmark of cancer and targeting key glycolytic enzymes will be a promising therapeutic approach in cancer treatment. Alpha-enolase (ENO1), as a prominent glycolytic enzyme, is upregulated in multiple cancers and its overexpression is involved in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential role of ENO1 in the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC). Here, we found that ENO1 expression was upregulated in human GC and was associated with Lauren type, lymph node metastasis (LNM) and TNM stage. Knockdown of ENO1 attenuated GC cell proliferation and metastasis and reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress in vitro while ENO1 overexpression did the opposite. ENO1 could modulate AKT signaling pathway in GC cells and the enhanced proliferation and migration ability induced by ENO1 overexpression was impaired after incubation with PI3K inhibitor Ly294002 in SGC7901 cells. Our data demonstrated that ENO1 enhances GC cell proliferation and metastasis through the protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, indicating that ENO1/AKT signaling axis may serve as a potential target for treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Kangjun Tian
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Diyuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jingfeng Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xuchao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Daiwei Wan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yizhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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Deicher A, Andersson R, Tingstedt B, Lindell G, Bauden M, Ansari D. Targeting dendritic cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:85. [PMID: 29946224 PMCID: PMC6006559 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are an integral part of the tumor microenvironment. Pancreatic cancer is characterized by reduced number and function of DCs, which impacts antigen presentation and contributes to immune tolerance. Recent data suggest that exosomes can mediate communication between pancreatic cancer cells and DCs. Furthermore, levels of DCs may serve as prognostic factors. There is also growing evidence for the effectiveness of vaccination with DCs pulsed with tumor antigens to initiate adaptive cytolytic immune responses via T cells. Most experience with DC-based vaccination has been gathered for MUC1 and WT1 antigens, where clinical studies in advanced pancreatic cancer have provided encouraging results. In this review, we highlight the role of DC in the course, prognosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Deicher
- 1Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden.,2Faculty of Medicine, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Andersson
- 1Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bobby Tingstedt
- 1Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gert Lindell
- 1Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Monika Bauden
- 1Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ansari
- 1Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden
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36
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Li W, Song X, Yu H, Zhang M, Li F, Cao C, Jiang Q. Dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Arab J Gastroenterol 2018. [PMID: 29526540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal disease and remains one of the most resistant cancers to traditional therapies. New therapeutic modalities are urgently needed, particularly immunotherapy, which has shown promise in numerous animal model studies. Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy has been used in clinical trials for various cancers, including PC, because DCs are the most potent antigen-presenting cell (APC), which are capable of priming naive T cells and stimulating memory T cells to generate antigen-specific responses. In this paper, we review the preclinical and clinical efforts towards the application of DCs for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xiujun Song
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Huijie Yu
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Manze Zhang
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Fengsheng Li
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Qisheng Jiang
- Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Damage, The General Hospital of The PLA Rocket Force, Beijing 100088, China.
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37
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Griggio V, Mandili G, Vitale C, Capello M, Macor P, Serra S, Castella B, Peola S, Foglietta M, Drandi D, Omedé P, Sblattero D, Cappello P, Chiarle R, Deaglio S, Boccadoro M, Novelli F, Massaia M, Coscia M. Humoral immune responses toward tumor-derived antigens in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3274-3288. [PMID: 27906678 PMCID: PMC5356881 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) the occurrence and the impact of antibody responses toward tumor-derived antigens are largely unexplored. Our serological proteomic data show that antibodies toward 47 identified antigens are detectable in 29 out of 35 patients (83%) with untreated CLL. The glycolytic enzyme alpha-enolase (ENO1) is the most frequently recognized antigen (i.e. 54% of CLL sera). We show that ENO1 is upregulated in the proliferating B-cell fraction of CLL lymph nodes. In CLL cells of the peripheral blood, ENO1 is exclusively expressed at the intracellular level, whereas it is exposed on the surface of apoptotic leukemic cells. From the clinical standpoint, patients with progressive CLL show a higher number of antigen recognitions compared to patients with stable disease. Consistently, the anti-ENO1 antibodies are prevalent in sera from patients with progressive disease and their presence is predictive of a shorter time to first treatment. This clinical inefficacy associates with the inability of patients’ sera to trigger complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against leukemic cells. Together, these results indicate that antibody responses toward tumor-derived antigens are frequently detectable in sera from patients with CLL, but they are expression of a disrupted immune system and unable to hamper disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Griggio
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giorgia Mandili
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Candida Vitale
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Michela Capello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Department of Life Sciences - University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sara Serra
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino and Immunogenetics Unit - Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - Barbara Castella
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Peola
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Myriam Foglietta
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Drandi
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Omedé
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino and Immunogenetics Unit - Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - Mario Boccadoro
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, Torino, Italy.,Service of Immunogenetics and Transplantation, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Massaia
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- Division of Hematology, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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Next Generation Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer: DNA Vaccination is Seeking New Combo Partners. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10020051. [PMID: 29462900 PMCID: PMC5836083 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an almost incurable radio- and chemo-resistant tumor, and its microenvironment is characterized by a strong desmoplastic reaction associated with a significant infiltration of T regulatory lymphocytes and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (Tregs, MDSC). Investigating immunological targets has identified a number of metabolic and cytoskeletal related molecules, which are typically recognized by circulating antibodies. Among these molecules we have investigated alpha-enolase (ENO1), a glycolytic enzyme that also acts a plasminogen receptor. ENO1 is also recognized by T cells in PDA patients, so we developed a DNA vaccine that targets ENO1. This efficiently induces many immunological processes (antibody formation and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC)-mediated tumor killing, infiltration of effector T cells, reduction of infiltration of myeloid and Treg suppressor cells), which significantly increase the survival of genetically engineered mice that spontaneously develop pancreatic cancer. Although promising, the ENO1 DNA vaccine does not completely eradicate the tumor, which, after an initial growth inhibition, returns to proliferate again, especially when Tregs and MDSC ensue in the tumor mass. This led us to develop possible strategies for combinatorial treatments aimed to broaden and sustain the antitumor immune response elicited by DNA vaccination. Based on the data we have obtained in recent years, this review will discuss the biological bases of possible combinatorial treatments (chemotherapy, PI3K inhibitors, tumor-associated macrophages, ENO1 inhibitors) that could be effective in amplifying the response induced by the immune vaccination in PDA.
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Chattaragada MS, Riganti C, Sassoe M, Principe M, Santamorena MM, Roux C, Curcio C, Evangelista A, Allavena P, Salvia R, Rusev B, Scarpa A, Cappello P, Novelli F. FAM49B, a novel regulator of mitochondrial function and integrity that suppresses tumor metastasis. Oncogene 2018; 37:697-709. [PMID: 29059164 PMCID: PMC5808099 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysregulation plays a central role in cancers and drives reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent tumor progression. We investigated the pro-tumoral roles of mitochondrial dynamics and altered intracellular ROS levels in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We identified 'family with sequence similarity 49 member B' (FAM49B) as a mitochondria-localized protein that regulates mitochondrial fission and cancer progression. Silencing FAM49B in PDAC cells resulted in increased fission and mitochondrial ROS generation, which enhanced PDAC cell proliferation and invasion. Notably, FAM49B expression levels in PDAC cells were downregulated by the tumor microenvironment. Overall, the results of this study show that FAM49B acts as a suppressor of cancer cell proliferation and invasion in PDAC by regulating tumor mitochondrial redox reactions and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Chattaragada
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - C Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Sassoe
- Department of Neurosciences, ‘Rita Levi Montalcini’, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Principe
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - M M Santamorena
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - C Roux
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - C Curcio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - A Evangelista
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - P Allavena
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - R Salvia
- Department of Surgery, The Pancreas Institute, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - B Rusev
- Department of Pathology and Public Health & ARC-NET Research Center, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Scarpa
- Department of Pathology and Public Health & ARC-NET Research Center, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - P Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - F Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, Azienda Universitaria Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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40
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ENO1 Overexpression in Pancreatic Cancer Patients and Its Clinical and Diagnostic Significance. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:3842198. [PMID: 29483925 PMCID: PMC5816842 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3842198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated in this study the expression of ENO1 in tissues and plasma of PDAC patients to evaluate its clinicopathological and diagnostic significance. ENO1 protein expression was detected in tissue microarray of human PDAC and adjacent noncancer tissues. Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and amplified luminescent proximity homogeneous assay (AlphaLISA) were performed to measure CA19-9 and ENO1 concentration in plasma from PDAC patients and healthy controls. We demonstrated that ENO1 overexpression is positively correlated with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of PDAC; ENO1 may function as a hopeful candidate diagnostic marker in combination with CA19-9 in PDAC diagnosis.
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Borgoni S, Iannello A, Cutrupi S, Allavena P, D'Incalci M, Novelli F, Cappello P. Depletion of tumor-associated macrophages switches the epigenetic profile of pancreatic cancer infiltrating T cells and restores their anti-tumor phenotype. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1393596. [PMID: 29308326 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1393596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment that supports its progression, aggressiveness and resistance to therapies. The delicate interplay between cancer and immune cells creates the conditions for PDA development, particularly due to the functional suppression of T cell anti-tumor effector activity. However, some of the mechanisms involved in this process are still poorly understood. In this study, we analyze whether the functional and epigenetic profile of T cells that infiltrate PDA is modulated by the microenvironment, and in particular by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). CD4 and CD8 T cells obtained from mice orthotopically injected with syngeneic PDA cells, and untreated or treated with Trabectedin, a cytotoxic drug that specifically targets TAMs, were sorted and analyzed by flow cytometry and characterized for their epigenetic profile. Assessment of cytokine production and the epigenetic profile of genes coding for IL10, T-bet and PD1 revealed that T cells that infiltrated PDA displayed activated Il10 promoter and repressed T-bet activity, in agreement with their regulatory phenotype (IL10high/IFNγlow, PD1high). By contrast, in Trabectedin-treated mice, PDA-infiltrating T cells displayed repressed Il10 and Pdcd1 and activated T-bet promoter activity, in accordance with their anti-tumor effector phenotype (IL10low/IFNγhigh), indicating a key role of TAMs in orchestrating functions of PDA-infiltrating T cells by modulating their epigenetic profile towards a pro-tumoral phenotype. These results suggest the targeting of TAMs as an efficient strategy to obtain an appropriate T cell anti-tumor immune response and open new potential combinations for PDA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Borgoni
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Santena 5, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Iannello
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Santina Cutrupi
- Center for Molecular Systems Biology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.,Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Dept. Immunology and Inflammation, IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano (Milano), Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Incalci
- Dept. of Oncology, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Santena 5, Torino, Italy.,Transplant Immunology Service, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Dept. of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, via Santena 5, Torino, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, via Nizza 52, Torino, Italy
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42
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Cook K, Daniels I, Symonds P, Pitt T, Gijon M, Xue W, Metheringham R, Durrant L, Brentville V. Citrullinated α-enolase is an effective target for anti-cancer immunity. Oncoimmunology 2017; 7:e1390642. [PMID: 29308319 PMCID: PMC5749660 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1390642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting post-translationally modified epitopes may provide a new strategy for generating tumor specific immune responses. Citrullination is the post-translational modification of arginine to citrulline catalyzed by peptidylarginine deaminase (PAD) enzymes. Presentation of citrullinated peptides on MHC-II has been associated with autophagy. Tumors upregulate autophagy and present citrullinated peptides in response to stresses including nutrient deprivation, oxygen deprivation, redox stress and DNA damage, making them good targets for immune attack. The ubiquitous glycolytic enzyme α-enolase (ENO1) is often citrullinated and degraded during autophagy. Immunization of mice with two citrullinated ENO1 peptides (ENO1 241–260cit253 or 11–25cit15) induced strong Th1 responses that recognize the post-translationally modified, but not the wild type unmodified epitope. ENO1 11–25cit15 induced tumor therapy of melanoma cells in C57Bl/6 (B16F1 50% survival p = 0.0026) and ENO1 241–260cit253 in HLA-DR4 transgenic mice (B16-DR4 50% survival p = 0.0048). In addition, ENO1 241–260cit253 induced therapy of pancreatic (Pan02-DR4 50% survival p = 0.0076) and lung (LLC/2-DR4 40% survival p = 0.0142) tumors in HLA-DR4 transgenic mice. The unmodified epitope induced no anti-tumor response. Minimal regression of class II negative B16 or LLC/2 tumor was seen, confirming direct recognition of MHC-II was required. Most tumors only express MHC-II in the presence of IFNγ; an IFNγ inducible model showed strong responses, with rejection of tumors in up to 90% of animals (p = 0.0001). In humans, a repertoire to ENO1 241–260cit253 was observed in healthy donors. This response was CD4 mediated and seen in people with a variety of HLA types suggesting a broad application for this vaccine in human cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Cook
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Ian Daniels
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Peter Symonds
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Tracy Pitt
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Mohamed Gijon
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Wei Xue
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Rachael Metheringham
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Lindy Durrant
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottinghamshire, UK.,Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Victoria Brentville
- Scancell Limited, Academic Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottinghamshire, UK
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Abstract
Cell surface expression of alpha-enolase, a glycolytic enzyme displaying moonlighting activities, has been shown to contribute to the motility and invasiveness of cancer cells through the protein non-enzymatic function of binding plasminogen and enhancing plasmin formation. Although a few recent records indicate the involvement of protein partners in the localization of alpha-enolase to the plasma membrane, the cellular mechanisms underlying surface exposure remain largely elusive. Searching for novel interactors and signalling pathways, we used low-metastatic breast cancer cells, a doxorubicin-resistant counterpart and a non-tumourigenic mammary epithelial cell line. Here, we demonstrate by a combination of experimental approaches that epidermal growth factor (EGF) exposure, like lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, promotes the surface expression of alpha-enolase. We also establish Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), a multifunctional chaperone distributed in intracellular, plasma membrane and extracellular compartments, as a novel alpha-enolase interactor and demonstrate a functional involvement of Hsp70 in the surface localization of alpha-enolase. Our results contribute to shedding light on the control of surface expression of alpha-enolase in non-tumourigenic and cancer cells and suggest novel targets to counteract the metastatic potential of tumours.
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44
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Liu XX, Ye H, Wang P, Li LX, Zhang Y, Zhang JY. Proteomic-based identification of HSP70 as a tumor-associated antigen in ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2771-2778. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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45
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Capello M, Ferri-Borgogno S, Riganti C, Chattaragada MS, Principe M, Roux C, Zhou W, Petricoin EF, Cappello P, Novelli F. Targeting the Warburg effect in cancer cells through ENO1 knockdown rescues oxidative phosphorylation and induces growth arrest. Oncotarget 2016; 7:5598-612. [PMID: 26734996 PMCID: PMC4868708 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 5 years, novel knowledge on tumor metabolism has been revealed with the identification of critical factors that fuel tumors. Alpha-enolase (ENO1) is commonly over-expressed in tumors and is a clinically relevant candidate molecular target for immunotherapy. Here, we silenced ENO1 in human cancer cell lines and evaluated its impact through proteomic, biochemical and functional approaches. ENO1 silencing increased reactive oxygen species that were mainly generated through the sorbitol and NADPH oxidase pathways, as well as autophagy and catabolic pathway adaptations, which together affect cancer cell growth and induce senescence. These findings represent the first comprehensive metabolic analysis following ENO1 silencing. Inhibition of ENO1, either alone, or in combination with other pathways which were perturbed by ENO1 silencing, opens novel avenues for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Capello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.,Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sammy Ferri-Borgogno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Michelle Samuel Chattaragada
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Moitza Principe
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Cecilia Roux
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Emanuel F Petricoin
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Paola Cappello
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy.,Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino 10126, Italy.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin 10126, Italy.,Immunogenetics and Transplantation Biology Service, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino 10126, Italy
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Identification of Novel Serum Autoantibodies for Differential Diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2016; 45:1309-19. [PMID: 27623556 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The lack of specific biochemical markers is a major drawback for the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). The aims were to characterize the autoantibody profiles in AIP and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and to identify circulating autoantibodies that could be diagnostic markers differentiating PDAC and the AIP subtypes. METHODS Tissue lysates obtained from the resected pancreas of patients with AIP and patients with PDAC were separated by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis subsequently immunoblotted with autologous sera. The immunoreactive spots were subjected to nanoscale liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry to identify serum autoantibodies to tissue-derived autoantigens associated with AIP and PDAC. Autoantibody concentrations for selected autoantigens were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS A total of 115 immunoreactive spots were identified by 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/immunobloting. Nanoscale liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry-based analysis revealed 68 autoantigens in AIP, 26 in PDAC, and 21 present in both diseases. Assessment of 13 selected AIP autoantibody serum levels revealed that 7 of them had significantly higher titers in AIP versus PDAC. IgG-directed against transaldolase could significantly differentiate between the 2 AIP subtypes. CONCLUSIONS The novel panel of AIP autoantibodies is promising to supplement the predictive tests for AIP of the currently known autoantigens and represent a basis for a combined blood test to differentiate AIP from PDAC in the future.
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47
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Anti-α-enolase is a prognostic marker in postoperative lung cancer patients. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35073-86. [PMID: 26551021 PMCID: PMC4741510 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies suggest that antibodies against ENO1 (anti-ENO1 Ab) have a protective role in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. In this study, we evaluated the prognostic value of anti-ENO1 Ab levels in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients undergoing surgery. Circulating levels of anti-ENO1 Ab were assessed in 85 non-small cell lung carcinoma patients before and after surgery, and were correlated with clinical outcome. After surgery, patients with a higher increase of anti-ENO1 Ab had a lower hazard ratio and a better progression-free survival. Using animal models, we demonstrated that tumor cells reduce the circulating levels of anti-ENO1 Ab through physical absorption and neutralization of anti-ENO1 Ab with surface-expressed and secreted ENO1, respectively. Mice transplanted with ENO1-overexpressing tumors generated ENO1-specific regulatory T cells to suppress the production of anti-ENO1 Ab. Our results suggest that the increase of anti-ENO1 Ab may reflect anti-tumor immune responses and serve as a prognostic marker in postoperative lung cancer patients.
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48
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Milone MR, Pucci B, Colangelo T, Lombardi R, Iannelli F, Colantuoni V, Sabatino L, Budillon A. Proteomic characterization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) overexpressing or silenced colorectal cancer cells unveils a novel protein network associated with an aggressive phenotype. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:1344-62. [PMID: 27499265 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a transcription factor of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily implicated in a wide range of processes, including tumorigenesis. Its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still debated; most reports support that PPARγ reduced expression is associated with poor prognosis. We employed 2-Dimensional Differential InGel Electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) followed by Liquid Chromatography (LC)-tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) to identify differentially expressed proteins and the molecular pathways underlying PPARγ expression in CRC progression. We identified several differentially expressed proteins in HT29 and HCT116 CRC cells and derived clones either silenced or overexpressing PPARγ, respectively. In Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) they showed reciprocal relation with PPARγ and a strong relationship with networks linked to cell death, growth and survival. Interestingly, five of the identified proteins, ezrin (EZR), isoform C of prelamin-A/C (LMNA), alpha-enolase (ENOA), prohibitin (PHB) and RuvB-like 2 (RUVBL2) were shared by the two cell models with opposite expression levels, suggesting a possible regulation by PPARγ. mRNA and western blot analysis were undertaken to obtain a technical validation and confirm the expression trend observed by 2-D DIGE data. We associated EZR upregulation with increased cell surface localization in PPARγ-overexpressing cells by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. We also correlated EZR and PPARγ expression in our series of CRC specimens and the expression profiling of all five proteins levels in the publicly available colon cancer genomic data from Oncomine and Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) datasets. In summary, we identified a panel of proteins correlated with PPARγ expression that could be associated with CRC unveiling new pathways to be investigated for the selection of novel potential prognostic/predictive biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Milone
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Tommaso Colangelo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Rita Lombardi
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Iannelli
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Colantuoni
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Lina Sabatino
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy; Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
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49
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Niccolai E, Cappello P, Taddei A, Ricci F, D'Elios MM, Benagiano M, Bechi P, Bencini L, Ringressi MN, Coratti A, Cianchi F, Bonello L, Di Celle PF, Prisco D, Novelli F, Amedei A. Peripheral ENO1-specific T cells mirror the intratumoral immune response and their presence is a potential prognostic factor for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:393-401. [PMID: 27210467 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive disease with an average survival of 4-6 months following diagnosis. Surgical resection is the only treatment with curative intent, but resectable PDAC patients are in the minority. Also, unlike other neoplasms, PDAC is resistant to conventional and targeted chemotherapy. Innovative treatments, such as immunotherapy, can be very important and the study of the immune response is fundamental. We previously demonstrated that PDAC patients show tumor-infiltrating T cells specific to α-enolase (ENO1), a glycolytic enzyme over-expressed by pancreatic tumor cells, which plays an important role in promoting cell migration and cancer metastasis. In the present study, we evaluate the functional anticancer proprieties of ENO1-specific T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of PDAC patients. Furthermore, comparing the T cell receptor repertoire of ENO1-specific peripheral and infiltrating tumor T cells from the same patient suggests that ENO1-specific T cells, despite having a different functional profile, can recirculate from the tumor to the periphery. Finally, of clinical relevance, the presence of peripheral ENO1-specific T cells has a prognostic value and significantly correlates with a longer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Centre for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AOU City of Health and Science of Turin, and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Milco D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paolo Bechi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Lapo Bencini
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Ringressi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Coratti
- Division of General and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Cianchi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Bonello
- Centre for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AOU City of Health and Science of Turin, and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Francia Di Celle
- General Anatomopathology and Molecular Oncogenetics - AOU City of Health and Science of Turin, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Domenico Prisco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), I-50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Centre for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), AOU City of Health and Science of Turin, and Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, I-10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, and Department of Biomedicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), I-50134 Florence, Italy
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50
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Protein disulfide isomerase A3-specific Th1 effector cells infiltrate colon cancer tissue of patients with circulating anti-protein disulfide isomerase A3 autoantibodies. Transl Res 2016; 171:17-28.e1-2. [PMID: 26772958 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
To investigate novel colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated antigens that could be targets of humoral or cellular responses, we analyzed the reactivity of serum from a long-surviving CRC patient (for more than 100 months of follow-up) in clinical remission, by serologic proteome analysis. Two-dimensional Western blotting (2D-WB) and mass spectrometry analysis revealed a strong reactivity of this serum against protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3). Anti-PDIA3 antibodies are not a diagnostic marker of CRC, 2D-WB and Luminex analysis revealed that they were equally present in about 10% of sera from healthy subjects and CRC patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival in CRC patient cohort, after 48 months of follow-up, showed a trend of higher survival in patients with increased levels of autoantibodies to PDIA3. Therefore, the interplay between the presence of these antibodies and T-cell response was investigated. Peripheral blood T cells from CRC patients with high immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity to PDIA3 also secreted interferon gamma (IFN-γ) when stimulated in vitro with recombinant PDIA3, whereas those from CRC with low IgG reactivity to PDIA3 did not. PDIA3-pulsed dendritic cells efficiently induced proliferation and IFN-γ production of autologous CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Finally, ex vivo analysis of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes from CRC patients with autoantibodies to PDIA3 revealed that PDIA3-specific Th1 effector cells accumulated in tumor tissue. These data indicate that the presence of autoantibodies to PDIA3 favors the development of an efficient and specific T-cell response against PDIA3 in CRC patients. These results may be relevant for the design of novel immunotherapeutic strategies in CRC patients.
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