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Bejrananda T, Pinkheaw N, Sathitruangsak C, Tanthanuch M. Enhanced Prognostic Factors for Disease-Free Survival in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Insights From Songklanagarind Hospital. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2024; 22:102117. [PMID: 38820999 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2024.102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes and associated prognostic factors among surgically treated penile cancer patients at Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand, over a 20-year period. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 208 primary penile cancer patients treated between January 2001 and December 2022. Disease-free survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and Cox proportional hazard models were employed for multivariate analysis. RESULTS All of patients (100%) were squamous cell carcinoma of penis, with 38.9% having T1 tumors, 70.7% well-differentiated tumors, and 32.6% diagnosed at stage III. The recurrence rate was 16.8%, with a mean time to recurrence of 25.9 months. Disease-free survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 82.1%, 72%, and 70.2%, respectively. Median overall survival was 18.2 months, with rates at 1, 3, and 5 years at 68.7%, 44.7%, and 36.4%, respectively. Significant associations were found between disease-free survival and higher T stage, clinical chronic inflammation, delayed onset of symptoms, primary lesion location, groin node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, and pelvic lymph node metastases. However, multivariate analysis revealed that higher primary tumor stage (T) was the only independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable insights into disease-free survival outcomes in penile cancer treatment at a single institution over an extended period. Higher pathologic T stage emerged as the sole independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. Further validation through large-scale prospective studies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanan Bejrananda
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | - Natthakan Pinkheaw
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chirawadee Sathitruangsak
- Holistic Center for Cancer Study and Care (HOCC-PSU) and Medical Oncology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Monthira Tanthanuch
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Wnętrzak I, Czajkowski M, Barańska K, Miklewska M, Wojciechowska U, Sosnowski R, Didkowska JA. Epidemiology of penile cancer in Poland compared to other European countries. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e70092. [PMID: 39164960 PMCID: PMC11335812 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.70092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the epidemiology of penile cancer in Poland compared to other European countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Incidence and mortality data were acquired from the national cancer registries in Europe and WHO Mortality Database, respectively. The data are presented as age-standardised morbidity and mortality rates, calculated according to the standard population of the world. We utilised Joinpoint analysis to assess the trends in morbidity and mortality and calculated the average rate of increase or decrease (Annual Percentage Change, Average Annual Percentage Change). Additionally, we estimate the proxy survival rates for each country. RESULTS Our study is the first to cover the incidence of penile cancer in many European countries and estimates an approximate survival rate for large populations, which is rarely cited in the literature. The 40+ age group presented graphically in the article covered more than 90% of penile cancer cases and deaths. In the countries examined, there was an excess of deaths over incidence in the oldest age groups (75 years or older). Poland had intermediate incidence and mortality rates. CONCLUSIONS Unlike many European countries, Poland is witnessing an increasing trend of penile cancer mortality. The higher death toll among those aged 75 years or older may suggest a lack of recognition of cancer symptoms and inadequate attention to elderly patients by the healthcare system. There is also evidence of underreporting penile cancer cases. Establishing centralised healthcare systems for rare cancers is a commendable development that should be emulated by other European countries, including Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Wnętrzak
- Department of General and Oncological UrologyPraski HospitalWarsawPoland
| | | | - Klaudia Barańska
- Polish National Cancer RegistryMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
- Faculty of Biomedical EngineeringSilesian University of TechnologyZabrzePoland
| | - Marta Miklewska
- Polish National Cancer RegistryMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition SciencesWarsaw University of Life SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Urszula Wojciechowska
- Polish National Cancer RegistryMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
| | - Roman Sosnowski
- Department of Urology and Oncological UrologyMSWiA Hospital, Warmian‐Masurian Cancer CenterOlsztynPoland
| | - Joanna A. Didkowska
- Polish National Cancer RegistryMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer PreventionMaria Sklodowska‐Curie National Research Institute of OncologyWarsawPoland
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Tang S, Akers C, Alnajjar H, Ayres B, Baldini C, Embleton-Thirsk A, Gurusamy K, Hadway P, Kumar V, Lau M, Nigam R, Pang K, Parnham A, Pizzo E, Ranieri V, Rees R, Sangar V, Wadke A, Williams N, Muneer A. A study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial investigating videoendoscopic radical inguinal lymphadenectomy versus open radical inguinal lymphadenectomy in patients with penile cancer (VELRAD). Pilot Feasibility Stud 2024; 10:61. [PMID: 38600541 PMCID: PMC11005199 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-024-01474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penile cancer is a rare male genital malignancy. Surgical excision of the primary tumour is followed by radical inguinal lymphadenectomy if there is metastatic disease detected by biopsy, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or following sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with impalpable disease. However, radical inguinal lymphadenectomy is associated with a high morbidity rate, and there is increasing usage of a videoendoscopic approach as an alternative. METHODS A pragmatic, UK-wide multicentre feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), comparing videoendoscopic radical inguinal lymphadenectomy versus open radical inguinal lymphadenectomy. Patients will be identified and recruited from supraregional multi-disciplinary team meetings (sMDT) and must be aged 18 or over requiring inguinal lymphadenectomy, with no contraindications to surgical intervention for their cancer. Participants will be followed up for 6 months following randomisation. The primary outcome is the ability to recruit patients for randomisation across all selected sites and the rate of loss to follow-up. Other outcomes include acceptability of the trial and intervention to patients and healthcare professionals assessed by qualitative research and obtaining resource utilisation information for health economic analysis. DISCUSSION There are currently no other published RCTs comparing videoendoscopic versus open radical inguinal lymphadenectomy. Ongoing study is required to determine whether randomising patients to either procedure is feasible and acceptable to patients. The results of this study may determine the design of a subsequent trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov PRS registry, registration number NCT05592639. Date of registration: 13th October 2022, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley Tang
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Clare Akers
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Ben Ayres
- St George's University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Paul Hadway
- Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, UK
| | - Vivekanandan Kumar
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Maurice Lau
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Raj Nigam
- Royal Surrey County Hospital, Surrey, UK
| | - Karl Pang
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Arie Parnham
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Rowland Rees
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Vijay Sangar
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Asif Muneer
- University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.
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Pinkheaw N, Sathitruangsak C, Tanthanuch M, Bejrananda T. Real world data of recurrent and survival rates of penile cancer patients in Songklanagarind hospital: Tumor stage as a predictor for disease-free survival. Int J Urol 2024; 31:144-153. [PMID: 37846171 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated disease-free survival and oncological outcomes in penile cancer patients treated surgically at a high-volume center and identified the prognostic factors for disease-free survival. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on primary penile cancer patients diagnosed and treated at Songklanagarind Hospital, Thailand, between January 2001 and December 2021. Disease-free survival (DFS) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and Cox proportional hazard models were used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS The study included 188 patients with primary penile cancer. The majority (98.4%) were uncircumcised. Tumor staging revealed 40.6% with T1 tumors, 72.9% with well-differentiated tumors, and 23.5% diagnosed at stage IIIA. The recurrence rate was 19.1%, with a mean time to recurrence of 25.9 months. Disease-free survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 81.1%, 70.9%, and 70.9%, respectively. Median overall survival was 16.43 months, with survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years at 67.7%, 42.7%, and 35.4%, respectively. Cox proportional hazard models showed significant associations between disease-free survival and a higher T stage, a high level of CRP (>15 mg/L), delayed onset of symptoms, primary lesion location, groin node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, and pelvic lymph node metastases. However, multivariate analysis revealed that a higher primary tumor stage (T) was the only independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. CONCLUSION This study presents one of the largest cohorts investigating disease-free survival outcomes in penile cancer treatment at a single institution over a prolonged period. A higher pathologic T stage is a significant prognostic factor for disease-free survival. Further large-scale prospective studies are needed for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthakan Pinkheaw
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chirawadee Sathitruangsak
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Monthira Tanthanuch
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Tanan Bejrananda
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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de Vries HM, Rafael TS, Gil-Jimenez A, de Feijter JM, Bekers E, van der Laan E, Lopez-Yurda M, Hooijberg E, Broeks A, Peters D, Seignette IM, Pos FJ, Horenblas S, van Rhijn BWG, Jordanova ES, Brouwer OR, Schaake E, van der Heijden MS. Atezolizumab With or Without Radiotherapy for Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis (The PERICLES Study): A Phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:4872-4880. [PMID: 37487169 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma have a poor prognosis (21% 2-year overall survival [OS] from diagnosis). We assessed the activity of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) in patients with advanced penile cancer, with or without radiotherapy (RT). PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-center, nonrandomized phase II study with two treatment arms was conducted in 32 patients with histologically confirmed advanced penile cancer. All patients received atezolizumab (1,200 mg) once every 3 weeks. Twenty patients, who were expected to benefit from RT for locoregional disease control, received additional irradiation. The primary end point was 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) for the complete cohort and was reached if the actual 1-year PFS was at least 35%. Secondary end points included OS, objective response rate (ORR), and tolerability. Exploratory biomarker analyses were conducted in pretreatment specimens. RESULTS Median follow-up was 29.1 months (IQR, 18.1-33.5). Grade 3-4 adverse events related to atezolizumab or RT were observed in 3/32 (9.4%) and 13/20 (65%) patients, respectively. One-year PFS was 12.5% (95% CI, 5.0 to 31.3), which did not meet the study's primary end point. Median OS was 11.3 months (95% CI, 5.5 to 18.7). In the objective response-evaluable population (n = 30; 93.8%), the ORR was 16.7% (95% CI, 6 to 35), including 2 (6.7%) complete responders and 3 (10%) partial responders. Improved PFS was observed in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-positive tumors (P = .003) and those with high infiltration of intratumoral CD3+CD8+ T cells (P = .037). CONCLUSION Although the primary end point of 1-year PFS was not met, durable antitumor activity to atezolizumab was observed in a subset of patients. Biomarkers, such as hrHPV and intratumoral CD3+CD8+ T-cell infiltration, may help to better select responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hielke M de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tynisha S Rafael
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alberto Gil-Jimenez
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeantine M de Feijter
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elise Bekers
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elsbeth van der Laan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marta Lopez-Yurda
- Department of Biostatistics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Hooijberg
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology and Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Peters
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology and Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris M Seignette
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Floris J Pos
- Department of Radiation Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Horenblas
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas W G van Rhijn
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar R Brouwer
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Schaake
- Department of Radiation Therapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel S van der Heijden
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Fu L, Tian T, Yao K, Chen XF, Luo G, Gao Y, Lin YF, Wang B, Sun Y, Zheng W, Li P, Zhan Y, Fairley CK, Grulich A, Zou H. Global Pattern and Trends in Penile Cancer Incidence: Population-Based Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e34874. [PMID: 35793140 PMCID: PMC9301560 DOI: 10.2196/34874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Penile cancer is a relatively rare genital malignancy whose incidence and mortality are rising in many countries.
Objective
This study aims to assess the recent incidence and mortality patterns and incidence trends of penile cancer.
Methods
The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (ASIR and ASMR, respectively) of penile cancer in 2020 were estimated from the Global Cancer Registries (GLOBOCAN) database. Incidence trends of penile cancer from 1973 to 2012 were assessed in 44 populations from 43 countries using the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents plus (CI5plus) and the Nordic Cancer Registries (NORDCAN) databases. Average annual percentage change was calculated to quantify trends in ASIR using joinpoint regression.
Results
Globally, the estimated ASIR and ASMR of penile cancer were 0.80 (per 100,000) and 0.29 (per 100,000) in 2020, equating to 36,068 new cases and 13,211 deaths in 2020, respectively. There was no significant correlation between the ASIR (P=.05) or ASMR (P=.90) and Human Development Index. In addition, 15 countries saw increasing ASIR for penile cancer, 13 of which were from Europe (United Kingdom, Lithuania, Norway, Estonia, Finland, Sweden, Cyprus, Netherlands, Italy, Croatia, Slovakia, Russia, and the Czech), and 2 from Asia (China and Israel).
Conclusions
Although the developing countries still bear the higher incidence and mortality of penile cancer, the incidence is on the rise in most European countries. To mitigate the disease burden resulting from penile cancer, measures to lower the risk for penile cancers, including improving penile hygiene and male human papillomavirus vaccination, may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiwen Fu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Yao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai, China
| | - Ganfeng Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxiao Gao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Fan Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiran Zheng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyang Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuewei Zhan
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Christopher K Fairley
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Grulich
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Huachun Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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7
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Deng X, Liu Y, Zhan X, Chen T, Jiang M, Jiang X, Chen L, Fu B. Trends in Incidence, Mortality, and Survival of Penile Cancer in the United States: A Population-Based Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891623. [PMID: 35785206 PMCID: PMC9248743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the trends in incidence and mortality, and explore any change in survival of penile cancer in the United States.MethodsWe obtained data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2000–2018) utilizing the SEER Stat software. The joinpoint regression was used to analyze the secular trend of incidence and incidence-based mortality (IBM) stratified by age, race, and summary stage. The 5-year relative survival rate was also calculated.ResultThe age-adjusted rates of penile cancer patients were 0.38 (0.37–0.39) and 0.21 (0.2–0.21) for overall incidence and IBM, respectively. The 5-year relative survival rates were 67.7%, 66.99%, and 65.67% for the calendar periods of 2000–2004, 2005–2009, and 2010–2014, respectively. No significant changes in incidence by era were observed from 2000 to 2018 [annual percentage change (APC) = 0.5%, p = 0.064]. The IBM rate of penile cancer showed an initial significant increase from 2000 to 2002 (APC = 78.6%, 95% CI, −1.7–224.6) followed by a deceleration rate of 4.6% (95% CI, 3.9–5.3) during 2002 to 2018. No significant improvement in 5-year relative survival was observed. The trends by age, race, and summary stage in incidence and IBM were significantly different.ConclusionThis study, using population-level data from the SEER database, showed an increasing trend in IBM and no significant improvement in the 5-year relative survival rate. Meanwhile, the incidence of penile cancer exhibited a relatively stable trend during the study period. These results might be due to the lack of significant progress in the treatment and management of penile cancer patients in the United States in recent decades. More efforts, like increasing awareness among the general population and doctors, and centralized management, might be needed in the future to improve the survival of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxi Deng
- Department of Urology, Jiu Jiang No.1 People’s Hospital, Jiujiang, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiangpeng Zhan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinhao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Luyao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Fu, ; Luyao Chen,
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Fu, ; Luyao Chen,
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Kristiansen S, Torbrand C, Svensson Å, Forslund O, Bjartling C. Incidence and treatment strategies of Penile Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Sweden 2000‐2019. BJU Int 2022; 129:752-759. [PMID: 35044047 PMCID: PMC9303967 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Materials and methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kristiansen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Skane University Hospital Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - C Torbrand
- Department of Urology Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden. Institution of Translational Medicine, Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Å Svensson
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Skane University Hospital Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - O Forslund
- Laboratory Medicine Department of Medical Microbiology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - C Bjartling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Skane University Hospital Lund University Malmö Sweden
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9
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RNA sequencing in a penile cancer cohort: an investigation of biomarkers of cisplatin resistance and potential therapeutic drug targets. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 20:219-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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de Vries H, Lee H, Lam W, Djajadiningrat R, Ottenhof S, Roussel E, Kroon B, de Jong I, Oliveira P, Alnajjar H, Albersen M, Muneer A, Sangar V, Parnham A, Ayres B, Watkin N, Horenblas S, Stuiver M, Brouwer O. Clinicopathologic predictors of finding additional inguinal lymph node metastases in penile cancer patients following positive dynamic sentinel node biopsy: a European multicentre evaluation. BJU Int 2021; 130:126-132. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.15678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.M. de Vries
- Department of Urology Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - H.J. Lee
- Department of Urology St. George University Hospital NHS foundation trust London United Kingdom
| | - W. Lam
- Department of Urology St. George University Hospital NHS foundation trust London United Kingdom
| | | | - S.R. Ottenhof
- Department of Urology Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - E. Roussel
- Department of Urology University Hospital Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - B.K. Kroon
- Department of Urology Rijnstate Hospital Arnhem Netherlands
| | - I.J. de Jong
- Department of Urology University Medical Centre Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | - P. Oliveira
- Department of Pathology The Christie NHS foundation trust Manchester United Kingdom
| | - H.M. Alnajjar
- Department of Urology and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University College London Hospitals NHS foundation trust London United Kingdom
| | - M. Albersen
- Department of Urology University Hospital Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - A. Muneer
- Department of Urology and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University College London Hospitals NHS foundation trust London United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College London Hospitals NHS foundation trust London United Kingdom
| | - V. Sangar
- Department of Urology The Christie NHS foundation trust London United Kingdom
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre University of Manchester United Kingdom
| | - A. Parnham
- Department of Urology The Christie NHS foundation trust London United Kingdom
| | - B. Ayres
- Department of Urology St. George University Hospital NHS foundation trust London United Kingdom
| | - N. Watkin
- Department of Urology St. George University Hospital NHS foundation trust London United Kingdom
| | - S. Horenblas
- Department of Urology Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - M.M. Stuiver
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology Amsterdam University Medical Centres location AMC Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - O.R. Brouwer
- Department of Urology Netherlands Cancer Institute Amsterdam Netherlands
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11
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Jakobsen JK. Sentinel Node Methods in Penile Cancer - a Historical Perspective on Development of Modern Concepts. Semin Nucl Med 2021; 52:486-497. [PMID: 34933740 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant penile tumors are of squamous cell origin in more than 95% of cases and the occurrence of a distant metastasis without prior inguinal lymph node metastatic deposits is very rare. This makes inguinal lymph node staging very reliable and of great prognostic significance since undiscovered and untreated inguinal metastases may lead to a fatal clinical course. In lack of a sufficiently accurate noninvasive lymph node staging modality, penile cancer relies on surgical lymph node removal for regional staging. In this respect sentinel node biopsy offers a favourable minimally invasive alternative to prophylactic inguinal lymph node dissection which is associated with significant surgery-related morbidity. Today sentinel node biopsy is widely used in surgical oncology within high volume cancers such as breast cancer and melanoma. In rare cancers sentinel node biopsy is also emerging as a minimal invasive staging tool in patients with no obvious lymph node involvement. At several specialized units across Europe sentinel node biopsy has been practiced by dedicated specialist within vulva and penile cancer for more than two decades. In fact, the rare disease penile cancer was a model entity for development of the original sentinel node concept as early as the 1970'es due to work by the Paraguayan penile cancer pioneer, Cabañas, the sentinel node concept was subsequently successfully adapted in breast cancer and melanoma. This turned out mutually beneficial since the sequential development of sentinel node biopsy in penile cancer in the 1990s eventually adopted new insights and added conceptual details from the experiences harvested in the broader clinical application possible in these high-volume diseases. The prerequisite to conceptualising the sentinel node approach was the gradual anatomical and functional understanding of the lymphatic system which in western medicine rooted in ancient Greece and gradually increased in details and comprehension with significant contributions from many great notabilities during the last centuries including Hippocrates, Galen, Fallopio, Malpighi, Virchow, Starling, Cabañas, Hodgkin and Horenblas. Sentinel node biopsy in penile cancer is a complex multimodality procedure involving inguinal ultrasonography by radiologists, precise tracer-injection and interpretation of nuclear images by nuclear medicine physicians, radio-tracer- and dye guided open surgical biopsies by urologists and thorough step-sectioning, immunostaining and accurate lymph node specimen analysis by pathologists. This team effort requires well-tested protocols, experience and good collaboration and in rare diseases this calls for centralization of service.
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12
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Nadar HJ, van Bilsen WPH, Marra E, Bruisten S, Heideman DAM, Schim van der Loeff MF. Incidence and Clearance of Penile High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and Their Determinants Among HIV-Negative Men Who Have Sex With Men. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:864-872. [PMID: 33938517 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. We aimed to assess the incidence and clearance of penile high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infections and their determinants among HIV-negative MSM living in the Netherlands. METHODS Between 2010 and 2015, HIV-negative MSM were semiannually tested for penile HPV and completed detailed questionnaires on health and sexual behavior. Self-collected penile swabs were tested for HPV DNA using SPF10-PCR DEIA/LiPA25 system. Type-specific hrHPV incidence (IR) and clearance rates (CR) were calculated for 12 hrHPV types (HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-31, HPV-33, HPV-35, HPV-39, HPV-45, HPV-51, HPV-52, HPV-56, HPV-58, and HPV-59). Determinants of incidence and clearance of HPV-16 and HPV-18, separately, and combined 7 hrHPV types covered by the nonavalent vaccine were assessed by Poisson regression using generalized estimating equations for combined hrHPV types. RESULTS We included 638 HIV-negative MSM, with a median age of 38 (interquartile range, 33-43) years. HPV-16 had an IR of 4.9/1000 person-months of observation at risk (PMO; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.8-6.3) and CR of 90.6/1000 PMO (95% CI, 60.7-135.1). The IR and CR of HPV-18 were 3.4/1000 PMO (95% CI, 2.5-4.5) and 119.2/1000 PMO (95% CI, 76.9-184.8), respectively. Age and condom use during insertive anal sex were not associated with hrHPV incidence, whereas high number of recent sex partners was. CONCLUSIONS The relatively high IR and low CR of penile HPV-16 and HPV-18 among HIV-negative MSM correlates with their high prevalence and oncogenic potential. Incident HPV infections were associated with recent sexual risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema J Nadar
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam
| | | | - Elske Marra
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam
| | - Sylvia Bruisten
- From the Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service Amsterdam
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13
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Olesen TB, Sand FL, Aalborg GL, Munk C, Kjaer SK. Incidence of penile intraepithelial neoplasia and incidence and survival of penile cancer in Denmark, 1997 to 2018. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 33:117-123. [PMID: 34698994 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis is rare. Some studies have suggested that the incidence is increasing but the available literature is equivocal. We examined the incidence of high-grade penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN), the incidence and 5-year relative survival as well as mortality of penile SCC in Denmark over the latest 20 years. METHODS New cases of high-grade PeIN and penile cancer were identified from high-quality nationwide registries. Age-standardized (World) incidence rates per 100,000 person-years and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were estimated. For penile SCC, 5-year relative survival was calculated, and Cox regression was used to examine the effect of selected characteristics on mortality. RESULTS Altogether, 1,070 new cases of high-grade PeIN were diagnosed (1997-2018) and the incidence increased from 0.87 to 1.84 per 100,000 person-years from 1997-1998 to 2017-2018 (AAPC = 4.73; 95% CI: 3.54-5.94). We identified 1,216 penile cancer cases (1997-2018) (95.7% SCC). The incidence of penile SCC increased slightly from 0.85 per 100,000 person-years in 1997-1998 to 1.13 per 100,000 person-years in 2017-2018 (AAPC = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.24-1.79). The 5-year relative survival of penile SCC did not change substantially, whereas the mortality tended to decrease. CONCLUSION Penile SCC is increasing slightly in Denmark, while a pronounced increase in the incidence of high-grade PeIN is seen. The 5-year relative survival from penile cancer was relatively stable over time. Increasing exposure to HPV infection at the population level may have contributed to the observed increase in PeIN and penile SCC. Awareness of HPV may also have contributed to the increased detection of PeIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Bech Olesen
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Freja L Sand
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte L Aalborg
- Unit of Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Munk
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Unit of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Wenzel M, Siron N, Collà Ruvolo C, Nocera L, Würnschimmel C, Tian Z, Shariat SF, Saad F, Briganti A, Tilki D, Banek S, Kluth LA, Roos FC, Chun FKH, Karakiewicz PI. Temporal trends, tumor characteristics and stage-specific survival in penile non-squamous cell carcinoma vs. squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 33:25-35. [PMID: 34476653 PMCID: PMC8738356 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare Cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in patients with Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) vs. non-SCC penile cancer, since survival outcomes may differ between histological subtypes. METHODS Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2004-2016), penile cancer patients of all stages were identified. Temporal trend analyses, cumulative incidence and Kaplan-Meier plots, multivariable Cox regression and Fine and Gray competing-risks regression analyses tested for CSM differences between non-SCC vs. SCC penile cancer patients. RESULTS Of 4,120 eligible penile cancer patients, 123 (3%) harbored non-SCC vs. 4,027 (97%) SCC. Of all non-SCC patients, 51 (41%) harbored melanomas, 42 (34%) basal cell carcinomas, 10 (8%) adenocarcinomas, eight (6.5%) skin appendage malignancies, six (5%) epithelial cell neoplasms, two (1.5%) neuroendocrine tumors, two (1.5%) lymphomas, two (1.5%) sarcomas. Stage at presentation differed between non-SCC vs. SCC. In temporal trend analyses, non-SCC diagnoses neither decreased nor increased over time (p > 0.05). After stratification according to localized, locally advanced, and metastatic stage, no CSM differences were observed between non-SCC vs. SCC, with 5-year survival rates of 11 vs 11% (p = 0.9) for localized, 33 vs. 37% (p = 0.4) for locally advanced, and 1-year survival rates of 37 vs. 53% (p = 0.9) for metastatic penile cancer, respectively. After propensity score matching for patient and tumor characteristics and additional multivariable adjustment, no CSM differences between non-SCC vs. SCC were observed. CONCLUSION Non-SCC penile cancer is rare. Although exceptions exist, on average, non-SCC penile cancer has comparable CSM as SCC penile cancer patients, after stratification for localized, locally invasive, and metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Wenzel
- Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostictables and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor- Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Siron
- Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostictables and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia Collà Ruvolo
- Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostictables and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Nocera
- Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostictables and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christoph Würnschimmel
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zhe Tian
- Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostictables and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shahrokh F Shariat
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Departments of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prag, Czech Republic
- Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fred Saad
- Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostictables and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Derya Tilki
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Severine Banek
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor- Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Luis A Kluth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor- Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederik C Roos
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor- Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Felix K H Chun
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor- Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Pierre I Karakiewicz
- Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostictables and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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Oncologic outcomes and subsequent treatment following organ sparing surgery for penile carcinoma: The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Experience. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:302.e19-302.e27. [PMID: 33612354 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the oncologic outcomes of organ sparing surgery (OSS) for penile cancer and to determine the management of and risk factors for local recurrence at a tertiary referral center in the United States. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patients undergoing OSS from 1996 to 2018 at The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center were identified using a prospective database. Organ sparing procedures included: wide local excision (WLE; including circumcision and glans resurfacing), partial or total glansectomy, laser therapy, or OSS combined with laser ablation (i.e., laser combination). Clinical and pathologic data were collected for descriptive analysis. Recurrences (local and regional) were identified, and the association between overall and local recurrences was determined using Cox proportional hazards regression. Overall and recurrence free survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates. RESULTS A total of 129 patients undergoing OSS were identified with a median follow up interval of 28.0 months. The most common OSS was laser combination (38.8%), and 65.1% of patients presented with pTis or ≤pT1a disease. Twenty (15.5%) recurrences were identified, of which 17 (13.2%) were local and 3 (2.3%) were regional. There were no distant recurrences as the initial site of recurrence. The median time to local recurrence was 20.9 months, and 88.2% were identified within 5 years of surgery. Most (76.5%) local recurrences were successfully treated with further penile preservation without a detrimental impact on overall survival. Patients with pathologic Ta or T1a disease treated with laser or laser combination surgery were more likely to present with local recurrence. CONCLUSION OSS using a variety of techniques to achieve negative surgical margins provides long-term effective local control for localized penile cancer. Most local recurrences can be successfully treated with further penile preserving strategies and long follow-up is essential. Laser therapy or laser combination with OSS should be used with caution in patients with invasive penile cancer.
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16
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Kravvas G, Ge L, Ng J, Shim TN, Doiron PR, Watchorn R, Kentley J, Panou E, Dinneen M, Freeman A, Jameson C, Haider A, Francis N, Minhas S, Alnajjar H, Muneer A, Bunker CB. The management of penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN): clinical and histological features and treatment of 345 patients and a review of the literature. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:1047-1062. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1800574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Kravvas
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - L. Ge
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - J. Ng
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - T. N. Shim
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - P. R. Doiron
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - R. Watchorn
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - J. Kentley
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - E. Panou
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - M. Dinneen
- Department of Urology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - A. Freeman
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - C. Jameson
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - A. Haider
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - N. Francis
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - S. Minhas
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Hospitals, London, UK
| | - H. Alnajjar
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - A. Muneer
- Department of Urology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - C. B. Bunker
- Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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17
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Rewhorn MJ, Shin JS, Hendry J, McKay A, Vint R, Leung HY, Meddings RN, Hendry DS, Fraser M. Rare male cancers: Effect of social deprivation on a cohort of penile cancer patients. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415820939451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Penile cancer is a rare disease, with approximately 600 cases diagnosed every year in the UK. In this study, we assessed the impact of social deprivation on penile cancer, concentrating on incidence, disease factors, surgical treatment and mortality within our ‘Supranetwork’ population. Methods: All cases of penile cancer in the West of Scotland were identified from the uro-oncology multidisciplinary team meetings over a 10-year period covering January 2008 to December 2017. Patients underwent treatment within the remit of a centralised service, and social deprivation was determined using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD), which is the Scottish government’s official tool to identify areas of multiple deprivations. Results: A total of 278 patients were identified, with an age range of 27–97 years ( M=64 years). The incidence of penile cancer in SIMD category 1 (most deprived) is 7.2/100,000 population at risk compared to 2.8/100,000 population at risk in SIMD category 5 (least deprived). Histologically, a higher proportion of aggressive grade 3 cancers (45% vs. 16%, p=0.03) and more advanced N2/N3 nodal disease (63% vs. 33%, p=0.04) was found in SIMD category 1 compared to SIMD category 5, suggesting higher incidence of delayed presentation with more advanced and aggressive disease in the most deprived populations. Conclusions: The level of social deprivation shows a significant association with penile cancer incidence, tumour grade and stage at time of diagnosis, with a resulting disproportionate impact on morbidity and mortality in the most deprived cohort of patients. Public awareness and efforts to increase earlier diagnoses of penile cancer in these ‘hard to reach’ men should be an important step in improving overall outcomes from penile cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Rewhorn
- Department of Urology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK
| | - Je Song Shin
- Department of Urology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK
| | - Jane Hendry
- Department of Urology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK
| | - Alastair McKay
- Department of Urology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK
| | - Ross Vint
- Department of Urology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK
| | - Hing Y Leung
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK
| | - Robert N Meddings
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ayr, NHS Ayrshire and Arran, UK
| | - David S Hendry
- Department of Urology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK
| | - Michael Fraser
- Department of Urology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, UK
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18
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Tanaka K, Kandori S, Nitta S, Chihara I, Kojo K, Nagumo Y, Kimura T, Kojima T, Kawai K, Okuyama A, Higashi T, Nishiyama H. Characteristics of penile cancer in Japan: An analysis of nationwide hospital-based cancer registry data. Int J Urol 2020; 27:538-542. [PMID: 32307745 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with penile cancer in Japan using the nationwide hospital-based cancer registry database. METHODS Using hospital-based cancer registry data, we described the distribution of age, pathology, tumor-node-metastases classification, and first-course treatment in patients treated between 2012 and 2015. We compared the patterns of first-line treatment between elderly and non-elderly patients. RESULTS A total of 1012 patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma among 1773 patients with penile tumors who registered under topography code C60. The median age at diagnosis was 74 years, and 85.9% of patients were aged >60 years. The most common pathology was usual-type squamous cell carcinoma (91.9%), followed by verrucous carcinoma (5.0%), sarcomatoid carcinoma (1.1%), papillary carcinoma (0.7%), basaloid carcinoma (0.6%), adenosquamous carcinoma (0.4%), warty carcinoma (0.2%) and mixed carcinoma (0.1%). A total of 61.3% of patients were diagnosed with localized disease. In contrast, the proportions of patients with lymph node and distant metastases were 27.5% and 2.1% at diagnosis, respectively. The proportion of patients who were treated with chemotherapy as the first-course treatment was significantly lower among elderly patients (≥80 years) with clinical stage III (27.6% vs 7.1%, P = 0.0312) and clinical stage IV (53.2% vs 14.3%, P = 0.0086). CONCLUSIONS Most penile cancer patients in Japan are diagnosed with usual-type squamous cell carcinoma, and those with human papilloma virus-related squamous cell carcinomas are <1%. Chemotherapy for advanced penile cancer is administered less in Japanese elderly (≥80 years) patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shuya Kandori
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nitta
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Chihara
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kojo
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nagumo
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kimura
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Koji Kawai
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ayako Okuyama
- Centre for Cancer Registries, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Higashi
- Centre for Cancer Registries, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishiyama
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Lekoane KMB, Kuupiel D, Mashamba-Thompson TP, Ginindza TG. Evidence on the prevalence, incidence, mortality and trends of human papilloma virus-associated cancers in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic scoping review. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:563. [PMID: 31185951 PMCID: PMC6558783 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus (HPV) associated cervical cancer remains a global concern particular, in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where the impact is felt most. Evidence show that many other cancers such as vaginal, anal, oropharyngeal, penile are because of persistent infection with HPV especially, high-risk types. AIM We mapped evidence on the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and the trends of human papillomavirus-related cancers in SSA. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from several databases including PubMed, Google scholar, Science Direct, and CINAHL and MEDLINE via EBSCOhost as well as World Health Organization website for grey literature. Studies reporting HPV-related cancers in SSA outcomes including prevalence, incidence, mortality, and trends were included in this study. The risk of bias of the included studies were assessed using the mixed methods appraisal tool version 2011. We employed PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) to report the search results. Thematic analysis used to reveal the emerging themes from the included studies. RESULTS Seventy-four (74) studies were retrieved at full article screening, eight of them (six reviews, and two quantitative study) were eligible for data extraction. The degree of agreement between the two independent reviewers following full article screening, was 86.49% agreement versus 64.57% likely by chance which constituted moderate to significant agreement (Kappa statistic = 0.62, p-value< 0.05). Of the eight included studies, four (50%) studies generalized about SSA with no country of interest; two (25%) studies were conducted in Nigeria; one (12.5%) reported about Uganda, Zambia, Guinea, Malawi Tanzania, Mali, Mozambique, Zimbabwe; and one (12.5%) reported about Ethiopia, Senegal, Zimbabwe and Uganda. These eight included studies reported evidence on more than one outcome of interest. Four studies reported about the prevalence of HPV-related cancers, seven studies reported about the incidence, four studies reported about mortality, and four studies reported about the trends of HPV-related cancers. CONCLUSION This study observation highlighted a gap of knowledge regarding the epidemiological data on the recent HPV prevalence in SSA, which will have a potential impact in determining the distribution of HPV on different body sites (cervix, penis, vagina, vulva, anus and oropharynx). Ongoing research projects are recommended in SSA to enhance the value of HPV, and HPV-associated cancers epidemiological data to inform strategies or/and policies on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HPV-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabelo M. B. Lekoane
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2nd Floor George Campbell Building, Howard College Campus, Durban, 4001 South Africa
| | - Desmond Kuupiel
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2nd Floor George Campbell Building, Howard College Campus, Durban, 4001 South Africa
- Research for Sustainable Development, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Tivani P. Mashamba-Thompson
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2nd Floor George Campbell Building, Howard College Campus, Durban, 4001 South Africa
| | - Themba G. Ginindza
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2nd Floor George Campbell Building, Howard College Campus, Durban, 4001 South Africa
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Schoffer O, Neumann A, Stabenow R, Schülein S, Böhm WD, Gonsior A, Horn LC, Kriegel C, Stolzenburg JU, Wirth M, Klug SJ. Penile cancer – Incidence, mortality, and survival in Saxony, Germany. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:295.e1-295.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nicolai N, Biasoni D, Catanzaro MA, Colecchia M, Trama A, Hackl M, Eycken EV, Henau K, Dimitrova N, Sekerija M, Dušek L, Mägi M, Malila N, Leinonen M, Velten M, Troussard X, Bouvier V, Guizard AV, Bouvier AM, Arveux P, Maynadié M, Woronoff AS, Robaszkiewic M, Baldi I, Monnereau A, Tretarre B, Colonna M, Molinié F, Bara S, Schvartz C, Lapôtre-Ledoux B, Grosclaude P, Stabenow R, Luttmann S, Nennecke A, Engel J, Schubert-Fritschle G, Heidrich J, Holleczek B, Jónasson JG, Clough-Gorr K, Comber H, Mazzoleni G, Giacomin A, Sutera Sardo A, Barchielli A, Serraino D, De Angelis R, Mallone S, Tavilla A, Pierannunzio D, Rossi S, Santaquilani M, Knijn A, Pannozzo F, Gennaro V, Benfatto L, Ricci P, Autelitano M, Spagnoli G, Fusco M, Usala M, Vitale F, Michiara M, Tumino R, Mangone L, Falcini F, Ferretti S, Filiberti RA, Marani E, Iannelli A, Sensi F, Piffer S, Gentilini M, Madeddu A, Ziino A, Maspero S, Candela P, Stracci F, Tagliabue G, Rugge M, Trama A, Gatta G, Botta L, Capocaccia R, Pildava S, Smailyte G, Calleja N, Johannesen TB, Rachtan J, Góźdź S, Błaszczyk J, Kępska K, de Lacerda GF, Bento MJ, Miranda A, Diba CS, Almar E, Larrañaga N, de Munain AL, Torrella-Ramos A, Díaz García JM, Marcos-Gragera R, Sanchez MJ, Navarro C, Salmeron D, Moreno-Iribas C, Galceran J, Carulla M, Mousavi M, Bouchardy C, M. Ess S, Bordoni A, Konzelmann I, Rashbass J, Gavin A, Brewster DH, Huws DW, Visser O, Bielska-Lasota M, Primic-Zakelj M, Kunkler I, Benhamou E. Testicular germ-cell tumours and penile squamous cell carcinoma: Appropriate management makes the difference. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Hoekstra RJ, Trip EJ, Ten Kate FJ, Horenblas S, Lock MT. Penile intraepithelial neoplasia: Nomenclature, incidence and progression to malignancy in the Netherlands. Int J Urol 2018; 26:353-357. [PMID: 30508877 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of penile intraepithelial neoplasia in the Netherlands using a nationwide histopathology registry and to discuss the nomenclature of premalignant penile lesions. METHODS Data from patients in the Netherlands diagnosed with a premalignant penile lesion between January 1998 and December 2007 were collected from the nationwide histopathology registry (PALGA); this database covers all pathology reports of inhabitants in the Netherlands. The premalignant lesions included were erythroplasia of Queyrat; Bowen's disease; bowenoid papulosis; mild, moderate and severe dysplasia; and carcinoma in situ of the penis. The terminology used in the pathological reports was translated to penile intraepithelial neoplasia. The grading was made analogous to that of vulvar premalignant lesions. RESULTS The PALGA database enrolled 380 patients with premalignant penile lesions. Severe premalignant lesions, penile intraepithelial neoplasia III, were found in 254 patients (67%), penile intraepithelial neoplasia II in 84 (22%) and penile intraepithelial neoplasia I in 42 patients (11%). Most lesions were located on the prepuce (45%), followed by glans (38%) and shaft (3%). The median age of patients with penile intraepithelial neoplasia was 58 years. Progression to malignant disease occurred (2% for penile intraepithelial neoplasia I vs 7% for penile intraepithelial neoplasia III) in 26 patients. CONCLUSIONS Penile intraepithelial neoplasia is a rarely diagnosed condition. Because of the wide variation of terms used for premalignant intraepithelial neoplasia of the penis, we recommend restricting this nomenclature to penile intraepithelial neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Hoekstra
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Evelien J Trip
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Fybo Jw Ten Kate
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Horenblas
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mtw Tycho Lock
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Souza MACD, Zacchi SR, Viana KCG, Souza CBD, Zandonade E, Amorim MHC. Survival analysis of penile cancer patients treatedat a tertiary oncology hospital. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:2479-2486. [PMID: 30137117 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018238.17692016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to estimate the specific survival of patients with penile cancer treated at a state tertiary oncology hospital. The study included 100 cases incidents patients with penile cancer treated at a cancer center, from 2000 to 2011, follow-up to December 31, 2012. The hospital-based cancer registry and medical records were used as data sources. We used the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate survival and the Cox model was used to assess prognostic factors. All had histology for penile cancer as a basis for diagnosis. For location of the 75% tumor were not specified, followed by 18% located in the glans, 04% in the foreskin. The median survival time was 49 months, 89% presented themselves between stages I and II. Patients with rural occupations had a mean survival time of 75.02 months, patients with non-rural occupations 42.14 months; Patients residing in metropolitan area - Espírito Santo had a mean survival time of 26.03 months, other patients 71.42 months; In patients with compromised lymph nodes, the mean survival time was 30.59 months, and in patients with no compromised lymph nodes, the mean survival time was 75.83 months. This study demonstrates reduced survival in non-rural workers who reside in metropolitan area and who present with compromised lymph nodes and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antônio Comper de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Fernando Ferrari s/n, Goiabeiras. 29060-900 Vitoria ES Brasil.
| | - Sérgio Riguete Zacchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Fernando Ferrari s/n, Goiabeiras. 29060-900 Vitoria ES Brasil.
| | | | - Camila Brandão de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. São Paulo SP Brasil
| | - Eliana Zandonade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Fernando Ferrari s/n, Goiabeiras. 29060-900 Vitoria ES Brasil.
| | - Maria Helena Costa Amorim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Av. Fernando Ferrari s/n, Goiabeiras. 29060-900 Vitoria ES Brasil.
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Hansen BT, Orumaa M, Lie AK, Brennhovd B, Nygård M. Trends in incidence, mortality and survival of penile squamous cell carcinoma in Norway 1956-2015. Int J Cancer 2018; 142:1586-1593. [PMID: 29205336 PMCID: PMC5838782 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We examine trends in incidence, mortality and survival of penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in Norway over 60 years. Data on all cases of penile cancer diagnosed in Norway during 1956-2015 were obtained from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Trends in age-standardized rates of penile SCC incidence, mortality and 5-year relative survival were assessed by the annual percentage change statistic and joinpoint regression. A total of 1,596 penile cancer cases were diagnosed during 1956-2015, among which 1,474 (92.4%) were SCC. During 2011-2015, the age-standardized incidence and mortality of penile SCC were 0.91 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78; 1.05) and 0.50 (0.42; 0.60) per 100,000, respectively, and the 5-year relative survival was 61.6% (41.9; 76.4). The incidence of SCC increased during 1956-2015, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 0.80% (0.46; 1.15). The increase was strongest among men diagnosed at a relatively early age (age<=64 years; AAPC: 1.47% (0.90; 2.05)). Mortality also increased over the study period (AAPC: 0.47% (0.10; 0.85)), whereas 5-year relative survival did not change (AAPC: 0.08% (-0.19; 0.36)). We conclude that the incidence of penile SCC has increased at a moderate and constant rate during 1956-2015, and that the most consistent increase occurred among younger men. Mortality also increased during the study period. However, survival did not change, thus changes in diagnostics and treatment had little impact on survival from penile SCC. Since a substantial proportion of penile SCC is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), the incidence increase may in part be attributed to increased exposure to HPV in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo T. Hansen
- Department of ResearchCancer Registry of NorwayOsloNorway
| | - Madleen Orumaa
- Department of ResearchCancer Registry of NorwayOsloNorway
| | - A. Kathrine Lie
- Section for Pathology, Center for Laboratory MedicineØstfold Hospital TrustGrålumNorway
| | - Bjørn Brennhovd
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Transplantation and SurgeryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Mari Nygård
- Department of ResearchCancer Registry of NorwayOsloNorway
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Montes Cardona CE, García-Perdomo HA. Incidence of penile cancer worldwide: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2017; 41:e117. [PMID: 31384255 PMCID: PMC6645409 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2017.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the global incidence of penile cancer. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies was performed, with no limits on their language of publication. Analyses were performed using Stata 13 statistical software. A random-effects model was used, according to the heterogeneity found in the studies. The main outcome was expressed in terms of age-standardized incidence. RESULTS A total of 23 studies were eligible, with 71 156 penile cancer patients in 86 countries. According to the review conducted, the estimated age-standardized incidence of penile cancer worldwide is 0.84 cases per 100 000 person-years (95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.89). Romania reported the highest incidence, 7.26 per 100 000 person-years, between 1983 and 1987; however, some countries in Latin America and Africa reported an incidence of between 2.0 and 5.7 per 100 000. CONCLUSIONS Penile cancer is considered a rare malignancy due to its already-known, particularly low incidence rate. The estimated age-standardized incidence rate by the world standard population today is 0.84 cases per 100 000 person-years. There were no significant differences in the incidence rate of penile cancer with respect to the distribution by continent or the trend over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Montes Cardona
- Department of Urology, Universidad del ValleDepartment of Urology, Universidad del ValleSantiago de CaliColombiaDepartment of Urology, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia.
| | - Herney Andrés García-Perdomo
- Department of Urology, Universidad del ValleDepartment of Urology, Universidad del ValleSantiago de CaliColombiaDepartment of Urology, Universidad del Valle, Santiago de Cali, Colombia.
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Kidd LC, Chaing S, Chipollini J, Giuliano AR, Spiess PE, Sharma P. Relationship between human papillomavirus and penile cancer-implications for prevention and treatment. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:791-802. [PMID: 29184775 PMCID: PMC5673821 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.06.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Penile cancer is a rare disease in the United States, but rates are increasing, causing concern. Several risk factors have been associated with the disease, including human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Knowledge of HPV pathogenesis has led to the development of a vaccine, which has proven instrumental in reducing the incidence of female HPV-related cancers, but results in men have yet to be elucidated. Fortunately, rates of vaccination are up-trending in both males and females in the past several years. In addition, targeted therapies are the focus of several ongoing research efforts. Some of these therapeutics are currently in use, while several are in trials. With continued patient education and research, both treatment and prevention of HPV-related pre-malignant lesions and penile cancer will likely diminish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Kidd
- Department of Urology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sharon Chaing
- Department of Urology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Juan Chipollini
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer (CIRC), Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Philippe E. Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pranav Sharma
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Daubisse-Marliac L, Colonna M, Trétarre B, Defossez G, Molinié F, Jéhannin-Ligier K, Marrer E, Grosclaude P. Long-term trends in incidence and survival of penile cancer in France. Cancer Epidemiol 2017; 50:125-131. [PMID: 28898817 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penile cancer is rare, and few population-based studies have described changes in time trend. This study aims to determine whether there has been an evolution in incidence and survival of penile cancer over time in France. METHODS Rates of age world-standardized incidence (ASRW) and net survival (NS) between 1989 and 2011 were calculated using data from 16 French cancer registries. Time trend incidence and survival analysis were confined to the eight registries operating throughout the full period. Log-linear Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in incidence rates. The incidence rate for the most recent period was also calculated from all 16 cancer registries operating during 2009-2011. Human papillomavirus (HPV) exposure was deduced from the morphological code. NS was estimated using the Pohar-Perme estimator of the net cumulative rate. RESULTS No significant change in incidence was observed between 1989 and 2011 (AAPC: 0.08%; 95%CI: -1.01%; +1.17%). The incidence increased with age. The ASRW in 16 registries operating in 2009-2011 was 0.59 per 100,000 (95%CI: 0.50-0.68). The proportion of cases potentially linked to HPV was nearly 11% and did not change significantly over time. NS decreased with age but did not change over time (around 65% at 5 years). CONCLUSION Penile cancer remains rare in France, but survival is still low - probably because of delays in diagnosis and limited improvements in care. International clinical trials are needed to develop care recommendations based on an adequate level of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Daubisse-Marliac
- Claudius Regaud Institute, Regional Cancer Center, IUCT-O, Tarn Cancer Registry, Toulouse, F-31059, France; CHU, Toulouse F-31000, France; LEASP, UMR 1027 Inserm, Toulouse III University, F-31000, France; FRANCIM Network, Toulouse, F-31073, France.
| | - Marc Colonna
- FRANCIM Network, Toulouse, F-31073, France; Isère Cancer Registry, Grenoble, F-38043, France.
| | - Brigitte Trétarre
- FRANCIM Network, Toulouse, F-31073, France; Hérault Cancer Registry, Regional Cancer Center (ICM), Montpellier, F-34000, France.
| | - Gautier Defossez
- FRANCIM Network, Toulouse, F-31073, France; Poitou-Charentes Cancer Registry, CHU Poitiers, F-86000, France.
| | - Florence Molinié
- FRANCIM Network, Toulouse, F-31073, France; Loire-Atlantique & Vendée Cancer Registry, CHU Nantes, F-44000, France.
| | - Karine Jéhannin-Ligier
- FRANCIM Network, Toulouse, F-31073, France; Cancer Registry of Lille, C2RC, Lille, F-59000, France.
| | - Emilie Marrer
- FRANCIM Network, Toulouse, F-31073, France; Haut-Rhin Cancer Registry, ARER 68 Mulhouse, F-68000, France.
| | - Pascale Grosclaude
- Claudius Regaud Institute, Regional Cancer Center, IUCT-O, Tarn Cancer Registry, Toulouse, F-31059, France; LEASP, UMR 1027 Inserm, Toulouse III University, F-31000, France; FRANCIM Network, Toulouse, F-31073, France.
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Chipollini J, Chaing S, Peyton CC, Sharma P, Kidd LC, Giuliano AR, Johnstone PA, Spiess PE. National Trends and Predictors of Locally Advanced Penile Cancer in the United States (1998-2012). Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 16:S1558-7673(17)30241-0. [PMID: 28866244 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed the trends in presentation of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis and determined the socioeconomic predictors for locally advanced (cT3-cT4) disease in the United States. PATIENT AND METHODS The National Cancer Database was queried for patients with clinically nonmetastatic penile SCC and staging available from 1998 to 2012. Temporal trends per tumor stage were evaluated, and a multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify predictors for advanced presentation during the study period. RESULTS A total of 5767 patients with stage ≤ T1-T2 (n = 5423) and T3-T4 (n = 344) disease were identified. Increasing trends were noted in all stages of penile SCC with a greater proportion of advanced cases over time (P = .001). Significant predictors of advanced presentation were age > 55 years, the presence of comorbidities, and Medicaid or no insurance (P < .05 for all). CONCLUSION More penile SCC is being detected in the United States. Our results have demonstrated older age, presence of comorbidities, and Medicaid or no insurance as potential barriers to early access of care in the male population. Understanding the current socioeconomic gaps could help guide targeted interventions in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chipollini
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL.
| | - Sharon Chaing
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Charles C Peyton
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Pranav Sharma
- Department of Urology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Laura C Kidd
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Philippe E Spiess
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
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A Prospective Study of Total Glans Resurfacing for Localized Penile Cancer to Maximize Oncologic and Functional Outcomes in a Tertiary Referral Network. J Urol 2017; 197:1258-1263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dimitropoulos K, Stewart F, Imamura M, MacLennan S, Lam TBL, Vint R, MacLennan G, Omar MI, MacLennan S, Griffiths TRL, Watkin N, Horenblas S, Hakenberg OW, N'Dow JMO, Summerton DJ, Adewuyi T. Surgical management for localised penile cancer. Hippokratia 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011533.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fiona Stewart
- University of Aberdeen; Academic Urology Unit; Foresterhill Aberdeen Scotland UK AB25 2ZD
| | - Mari Imamura
- University of Aberdeen; Academic Urology; Health Sciences Building Foresterhill Aberdeen UK AB25 2ZD
| | - Steven MacLennan
- University of Aberdeen; Academic Urology Unit; Foresterhill Aberdeen Scotland UK AB25 2ZD
| | - Thomas BL Lam
- University of Aberdeen; Academic Urology Unit; Foresterhill Aberdeen Scotland UK AB25 2ZD
| | - Ross Vint
- NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary; Urology Department; Foresterhill Aberdeen Scotland UK AB25 2ZB
| | - Graeme MacLennan
- University of Aberdeen; Health Services Research Unit; Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | | | - Sara MacLennan
- University of Aberdeen; Academic Urology Unit; Foresterhill Aberdeen Scotland UK AB25 2ZD
| | - T R Leyshon Griffiths
- University of Leicester, Clinical Sciences Unit, Leicester General Hospital; Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine; Gwendolen Road Leicester UK LE5 4PW
| | - Nick Watkin
- St. George's Hospital; Department of Urology; Tooting London UK SW17 0QT
| | - Simon Horenblas
- Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital; Department of Urology; Plesmanlaan 121 Amsterdam Netherlands 1066 CX
| | - Oliver Walter Hakenberg
- Rostock University Hospital; Department of Urology; Schillingallee 35 Rostock Mecklenburg Germany D-18057
| | - James MO N'Dow
- NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary; Urology Department; Foresterhill Aberdeen Scotland UK AB25 2ZB
| | | | - Temitope Adewuyi
- University of Aberdeen; Academic Urology Unit; Foresterhill Aberdeen Scotland UK AB25 2ZD
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Rahman S, Rollison DE, Pierce Campbell CM, Waterboer T, Michel A, Pawlita M, Villa LL, Lazcano Ponce E, Wang W, Borenstein AR, Giuliano AR. Seroprevalence of Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses and the Risk of External Genital Lesions in Men: A Nested Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167174. [PMID: 27893841 PMCID: PMC5125700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A variety of cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPV) are detectable in genital epithelial lesions in men and non-melanoma skin cancer patients. It remains unclear whether these viruses are associated causally with skin lesions. To date, no study has prospectively examined the association between cutaneous HPV seropositivity and development of external genital lesions (EGLs) in men. Objectives To examine the association between seropositivity to cutaneous HPV types and the risk of subsequent development of EGLs. Methods A nested case-control study including 163 incident EGL cases and 352 EGL-free controls in the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study cohort was conducted. Cases were ascertained at each of up to 10 biannual clinical visits and verified through biopsy and pathological diagnoses. EGLs were categorized as condyloma, suggestive of condyloma, penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN), and other EGLs. Archived serum specimens collected at baseline were tested for antibodies against 14 cutaneous HPV types (β types (5, 8, 12, 14, 17, 22, 23, 24, 38, and 47), α type 27, γ type 4, μ type 1, and ν type 41) using a GST L1-based multiplex serology assay. Socio-demographic and sexual behavior data were collected through a questionnaire. Using logistic regression, adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results Overall, seropositivity to ≥1 cutaneous HPV type (any-HPV) and ≥1 β types (any-β) was 58.3% and 37.5% among other EGL cases, 71.6% and 46.8% among condyloma, 66.8% and 50.0% among PeIN, and 71.9% and 38.4% among controls, respectively. Type-specific seropositivity was most common for ɤ-HPV 4, μ-HPV 1, and β-HPV 8. No statistically significant association was observed between any-HPV, any-β, and type-specific HPV seropositivity and subsequent development of EGLs across all pathological diagnoses. Conclusions Overall, seropositivity to cutaneous HPV was common among men; however, it appears that cutaneous HPV is not associated with the development of genital lesions in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Rahman
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| | - Dana E. Rollison
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, United States
| | | | - Tim Waterboer
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika Michel
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa L. Villa
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Wei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| | - Amy R. Borenstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, United States
- * E-mail:
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Torbrand C, Wigertz A, Drevin L, Folkvaljon Y, Lambe M, Håkansson U, Kirrander P. Socioeconomic factors and penile cancer risk and mortality; a population-based study. BJU Int 2016; 119:254-260. [PMID: 27373878 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate possible associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and penile cancer risk, stage at diagnosis, and mortality. PATIENTS/SUBJECTS AND METHODS A population-based register study including men in Sweden diagnosed with penile cancer between 2000 and 2012 (1676 men) and randomly chosen controls (9872 men). Data were retrieved from the National Penile Cancer Register (NPECR) and several other population-based healthcare and sociodemographic registers. Educational level, disposable income, marital status, and number of individuals in the household, were assessed as indicators of SES. The risk of penile cancer and penile cancer death in relation to SES were estimated using logistic regression and proportional hazards models, respectively. Cumulative cause-specific mortality (CSM) estimates by SES were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS A low educational level and low disposable income were associated with an increased risk of invasive penile cancer. Furthermore, low educational level was associated with more advanced primary tumour stage. Divorced and never married men had a generally increased risk of penile cancer and were diagnosed with more advanced primary tumour stages. However, neither educational level nor marital status was associated with lymph node or distant metastases. Also, men in single-person households had an increased risk of both non-invasive and invasive disease. In men with invasive penile cancer, there were no significant associations of indicators of SES and CSM. CONCLUSIONS Low educational level, low disposable income, being divorced or never married, and living in a single-person household, all increase the risk of advanced stage penile cancer, but not lymph node or distant metastases. The assessed indicators of SES did not influence penile CSM. In conclusion, our findings indicates that SES influences the risk and stage of penile cancer, but not survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Torbrand
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annette Wigertz
- Regional Cancer Centre Uppsala-Örebro, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Drevin
- Regional Cancer Centre Uppsala-Örebro, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yasin Folkvaljon
- Regional Cancer Centre Uppsala-Örebro, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Lambe
- Regional Cancer Centre Uppsala-Örebro, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Håkansson
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Kirrander
- Department of Urology, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
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Ali SM, Pal SK, Wang K, Palma NA, Sanford E, Bailey M, He J, Elvin JA, Chmielecki J, Squillace R, Dow E, Morosini D, Buell J, Yelensky R, Lipson D, Frampton GM, Howley P, Ross JS, Stephens PJ, Miller VA. Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Advanced Penile Carcinoma Suggests a High Frequency of Clinically Relevant Genomic Alterations. Oncologist 2015; 21:33-9. [PMID: 26670666 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is associated with poor survival due to the aggressiveness of the disease and lack of effective systemic therapies. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was performed to identify clinically relevant genomic alterations (CRGAs). MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA was extracted from 40 μm of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections in patients with advanced PSCC. CGP was performed on hybridization-captured, adaptor ligation-based libraries to a mean coverage depth of 692× for 3,769 exons of 236 cancer-related genes plus 47 introns from 19 genes frequently rearranged in cancer. CRGAs were defined as genomic alterations (GAs) linked to targeted therapies on the market or under evaluation in mechanism-driven clinical trials. RESULTS Twenty male patients with a median age of 60 years (range, 46-87 years) were assessed. Seventeen (85%) cases were stage IV and three cases (15%) were stage III. CGP revealed 109 GAs (5.45 per tumor), 44 of which were CRGAs (2.2 per tumor). At least one CRGA was detected in 19 (95%) cases, and the most common CRGAs were CDKN2A point mutations and homozygous deletion (40%), NOTCH1 point mutations and rearrangements (25%), PIK3CA point mutations and amplification (25%), EGFR amplification (20%), CCND1 amplification (20%), BRCA2 insertions/deletions (10%), RICTOR amplifications (10%), and FBXW7 point mutations (10%). CONCLUSION CGP identified CRGAs in patients with advanced PSCC, including EGFR amplification and PIK3CA alterations, which can lead to the rational administration of targeted therapy and subsequent benefit for these patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Few treatment options exist for patients with advanced penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC). Outcomes are dismal with platinum-based chemotherapy, with median survival estimated at 1 year or less across multiple series. Biological studies of patients with PSCC to date have principally focused on human papillomavirus status, but few studies have elucidated molecular drivers of the disease. To this end, comprehensive genomic profiling was performed in a cohort of 20 patients with advanced PSCC. Findings of frequent mutations in CDKN2A, NOTCH1, PIK3CA, and EGFR (all in excess of 20%) point to potential therapeutic avenues. Trials of targeted therapies directed toward these mutations should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siraj M Ali
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Norma A Palma
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Eric Sanford
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Mark Bailey
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jie He
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Julia A Elvin
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Juliann Chmielecki
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Rachel Squillace
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Edward Dow
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Deborah Morosini
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jamie Buell
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Roman Yelensky
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Doron Lipson
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Garrett M Frampton
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Peter Howley
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Ross
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Philip J Stephens
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Vincent A Miller
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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Ingles DJ, Lin HY, Fulp WJ, Sudenga SL, Lu B, Schabath MB, Papenfuss MR, Abrahamsen ME, Salmeron J, Villa LL, Lazcano Ponce E, Giuliano AR. An analysis of HPV infection incidence and clearance by genotype and age in men: The HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study. PAPILLOMAVIRUS RESEARCH (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 1:126-135. [PMID: 27547836 PMCID: PMC4986989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genital HPV infection in men causes benign and cancerous lesions, the incidence of which differs by age. The goal of this work was to comprehensively evaluate incidence and clearance of individual HPV genotypes among men by age group. METHODS HIV-negative men ages 18-70 with no history of anogenital cancer were recruited for the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study. Participants completed clinical exams and questionnaires every six months for up to ~4 years. Genital specimens underwent HPV genotyping, with associations between age and HPV assessed using Cox analyses. RESULTS 4085 men were followed for a median of 48.6 months (range: 0.3-94.0). Significantly lower HPV incidence rates were observed among the oldest age group (55-70 years) for grouped high-risk (incidence rate ratio [IRR]=0.71), HPV16 (IRR=0.54), grouped low-risk (IRR=0.74), and HPV6 (IRR=0.57) infections compared to men ages 18-24. However, incidence of the grouped 9-valent HPV vaccine types remained constant across the lifespan. Likelihood of HPV6 and HPV16 clearance remained constant until age 54, then increased significantly for men ages 55-70 (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR]=1.92 and 1.65, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Men remain susceptible to HPV infections throughout their lifespan, highlighting the need for prevention efforts with long-lasting duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna J. Ingles
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - William J. Fulp
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Staci L. Sudenga
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Beibei Lu
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Salmeron
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Lazcano Ponce
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Trama A, Foschi R, Larrañaga N, Sant M, Fuentes-Raspall R, Serraino D, Tavilla A, Van Eycken L, Nicolai N, Hackl M, Zielonke N, Oberaigner W, Van Eycken E, Henau K, Valerianova Z, Dimitrova N, Sekerija M, Zvolský M, Dušek L, Storm H, Engholm G, Mägi M, Aareleid T, Malila N, Seppä K, Velten M, Troussard X, Bouvier V, Launoy G, Guizard A, Faivre J, Bouvier A, Arveux P, Maynadié M, Woronoff A, Robaszkiewicz M, Baldi I, Monnereau A, Tretarre B, Bossard N, Belot A, Colonna M, Molinié F, Bara S, Schvartz C, Lapôtre-Ledoux B, Grosclaude P, Meyer M, Stabenow R, Luttmann S, Eberle A, Brenner H, Nennecke A, Engel J, Schubert-Fritschle G, Kieschke J, Heidrich J, Holleczek B, Katalinic A, Jónasson J, Tryggvadóttir L, Comber H, Mazzoleni G, Bulatko A, Buzzoni C, Giacomin A, Sutera Sardo A, Mancuso P, Ferretti S, Crocetti E, Caldarella A, Gatta G, Sant M, Amash H, Amati C, Baili P, Berrino F, Bonfarnuzzo S, Botta L, Di Salvo F, Foschi R, Margutti C, Meneghini E, Minicozzi P, Trama A, Serraino D, Dal Maso L, De Angelis R, Caldora M, Capocaccia R, Carrani E, Francisci S, Mallone S, Pierannunzio D, Roazzi P, Rossi S, Santaquilani M, Tavilla A, Pannozzo F, Busco S, Bonelli L, Vercelli M, Gennaro V, Ricci P, Autelitano M, Randi G, Ponz De Leon M, Marchesi C, Cirilli C, Fusco M, F. Vitale M, Usala M, Traina A, Staiti R, Vitale F, Ravazzolo B, Michiara M, Tumino R, Giorgi Rossi P, Di Felice E, Falcini F, Iannelli A, Sechi O, Cesaraccio R, Piffer S, Madeddu A, Tisano F, Maspero S, Fanetti A, Zanetti R, Rosso S, Candela P, Scuderi T, Stracci F, Bianconi F, Tagliabue G, Contiero P, Dei Tos A, Guzzinati S, Pildava S, Smailyte G, Calleja N, Agius D, Johannesen T, Rachtan J, Gózdz S, Mezyk R, Blaszczyk J, Bebenek M, Bielska-Lasota M, Forjaz de Lacerda G, Bento M, Castro C, Miranda A, Mayer-da-Silva A, Nicula F, Coza D, Safaei Diba C, Primic-Zakelj M, Almar E, Ramírez C, Errezola M, Bidaurrazaga J, Torrella-Ramos A, Díaz García J, Jimenez-Chillaron R, Marcos-Gragera R, Izquierdo Font A, J. Sanchez M, Chang D, Navarro C, Chirlaque M, Moreno-Iribas C, Ardanaz E, Galceran J, Carulla M, Lambe M, Khan S, Mousavi M, Bouchardy C, Usel M, M. Ess S, Frick H, Lorez M, Ess S, Herrmann C, Bordoni A, Spitale A, Konzelmann I, Visser O, Verhoeven R, Coleman M, Allemani C, Rachet B, Verne J, Easey N, Lawrence G, Moran T, Rashbass J, Roche M, Wilkinson J, Gavin A, Donnelly C, Brewster D, Huws D, White C, Otter R. Survival of male genital cancers (prostate, testis and penis) in Europe 1999–2007: Results from the EUROCARE-5 study. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:2206-2216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kirrander P, Sherif A, Friedrich B, Lambe M, Håkansson U. Swedish National Penile Cancer Register: incidence, tumour characteristics, management and survival. BJU Int 2015; 117:287-92. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kirrander
- Department of Urology; Örebro University Hospital; Örebro Sweden
| | - Amir Sherif
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - Bengt Friedrich
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology; Umeå University; Umeå Sweden
| | - Mats Lambe
- Regional Cancer Centre Uppsala-Örebro; Uppsala University Hospital; Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ulf Håkansson
- Department of Urology; Skåne University Hospital; Malmö Sweden
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Hegarty PK, Eardley I, Heidenreich A, McDougal WS, Minhas S, Spiess PE, Watkin N, Horenblas S. Penile cancer: organ-sparing techniques. BJU Int 2014; 114:799-805. [PMID: 24053403 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To compare the oncological safety of treating patients with penile cancer with conservative techniques developed to preserve function, cosmesis and psychological well-being with more radical ablative strategies. We conducted an extensive review of the literature of penile-preserving and ablative techniques and report on the oncological as well as functional outcomes. There were no randomised studies comparing penile-preserving and ablative techniques. Most studies consisted of retrospective cohorts. The quality of evidence was level 3 at best. Cancer-specific survival is similar in penile-preserving and ablative approaches for low-stage disease. Penile preservation is better for functional and cosmetic outcomes and should be offered as a primary treatment method in men with low-stage penile cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul K Hegarty
- Department of Urology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital and Mater Private, Dublin, Ireland
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Djajadiningrat RS, Jordanova ES, Kroon BK, van Werkhoven E, de Jong J, Pronk DTM, Snijders PJF, Horenblas S, Heideman DAM. Human papillomavirus prevalence in invasive penile cancer and association with clinical outcome. J Urol 2014; 193:526-31. [PMID: 25150641 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence of penile cancer is increasing, and is suggested to be explained by changes in sexual practice and increased exposure of men to sexually transmitted high risk human papillomavirus infection. In penile cancers from a Dutch population treated in 1963 to 2001 we found a high risk human papillomavirus prevalence of about 30%. In this study we assessed the prevalence of high risk human papillomavirus-DNA in a more recent, contemporary penile cancer cohort and its association with patient survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS High risk human papillomavirus-DNA presence was assessed by GP5+6+ polymerase chain reaction in 212 formalin fixed, paraffin embedded invasive penile tumor specimens of patients treated between 2001 and 2009. The 5-year disease specific survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method with the log rank test and Cox regression. RESULTS High risk human papillomavirus-DNA was detected in a subset of penile cancer cases (25%, 95% CI 19-31). HPV16 was the predominant type, representing 79% (42 of 53) of all high risk human papillomavirus infections. The 5-year disease specific survival in the high risk human papillomavirus negative group and the high risk human papillomavirus positive group was 82% and 96%, respectively (log rank test p=0.016). Adjusted for stage, grade, lymphovascular invasion and age, human papillomavirus status was still prognostic for disease specific survival (p=0.030) with a hazard ratio of 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.9). CONCLUSIONS High risk human papillomavirus-DNA was observed in a quarter of penile cancer cases. No relevant increase in high risk human papillomavirus prevalence in recent decades was observed. The presence of high risk human papillomavirus-DNA in penile cancer confers a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Centre for Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bin K Kroon
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik van Werkhoven
- Department of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jong
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Divera T M Pronk
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J F Snijders
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Horenblas
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Shack L, Lau HY, Huang L, Doll C, Hao D. Trends in the incidence of human papillomavirus-related noncervical and cervical cancers in Alberta, Canada: a population-based study. CMAJ Open 2014; 2:E127-32. [PMID: 25114894 PMCID: PMC4117359 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20140005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent epidemiologic studies have suggested that the incidence of noncervical cancers associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) is increasing. We assessed temporal, age-specific and sex-specific changes in the incidence of HPV-associated cancers in a population-based study. METHODS We used the Alberta Cancer Registry, a registry of all cancers diagnosed in the province of Alberta, Canada, to identify patients with cancers of the oropharynx, cervix, vulva, vagina, anus and penis (cancers associated with HPV) between Jan. 1, 1975, and Dec. 31, 2009. We estimated the age-standardized incidence of each cancer by sex- and age-specific group and assessed the annual percentage change using joinpoint regression. RESULTS The age-standardized incidence of oropharyngeal cancers increased for each 5-year interval of the study period among men (annual percentage change 3.4, p < 0.001) and women (annual percentage change 1.5, p = 0.009). For anal cancers, the age-standardized rates increased among women (annual percentage change 2.2, p < 0.001) and men (annual percentage change 1.8, p = 0.008). The age-standardized incidence of cervical cancer increased with age, reaching an annual percentage change of -3.5 among women aged 75-84 years (p = 0.04). The rates of other HPV-associated cancers (vulvar, vaginal and penile) showed little change. INTERPRETATION Our findings showed increases in the incidence of the HPV-associated cancers of the oropharynx and anus among men and women, and increases in cervical cancer among younger women. The incidence of HPV-related cancers in younger age groups should continue to be monitored. Programs to prevent HPV infection, such as vaccination, should be considered for males as well as females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Shack
- Surveillance and Reporting, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
- Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary Alta
| | - Harold Y. Lau
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta
| | - Longlong Huang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
| | - Corinne Doll
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta
| | - Desirée Hao
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta
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Aumayr K, Susani M, Horvat R, Wrba F, Mazal P, Klatte T, Koller A, Neudert B, Haitel A. P16INK4A immunohistochemistry for detection of human papilloma virus-associated penile squamous cell carcinoma is superior to in-situ hybridization. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014; 26:611-20. [PMID: 24067458 DOI: 10.1177/039463201302600305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated p16INK4A as a reliable option to detect human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA in penile tumor specimens. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples of 26 patients with penile cancer and another 18 cases with non-tumorigenic lesions were stained by three different widely used commercially available chromogenic in-situ hybridization assays high-risk HPV CISH Y1443 (Genpoint, DAKO), pan HPV CISH Y1404 (Genpoint, DAKO), INFORM HPV III (Ventana, Tucson, Arizona) and p16INK4A immunohistochemistry, then compared to the known gold standard polymerase chain reaction detecting HPV 16, 18, 31, and 33. Immunoreactivity for p16INK4A was evaluated by using a 4-tiered (0, 1, 2, and 3) pattern based system. 19 cases were positive for p16INK4A, 13 of which showed a continuous transepithelial staining (pattern 3). Pan HPV ISH showed positivity in 9 cases, high-risk HPV ISH in 7 cases and INFORM HPVIII ISH in 7 cases. p16INK4A IHC pattern 3 versus pattern 0, 1 and 2 exhibited a specificity and positive predictive value of 100 percent, with a sensitivity and negative predictive value of 72 and 62 percent, respectively, which was much better than all HPV in-situ hybridization methods referred to polymerase chain reaction. p16INK4A seems to be a superior marker for the detection of HPV-associated penile squamous cell carcinoma compared to CISH tests, but is not recommend for the detection of non-tumorigenic lesions, where PCR should be used for the initial assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aumayr
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Long-term trends in incidence, survival and mortality of primary penile cancer in England. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:2169-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Mannweiler S, Sygulla S, Tsybrovskyy O, Razmara Y, Pummer K, Regauer S. Clear-Cell differentiation and lymphatic invasion, but not the revised TNM classification, predict lymph node metastases in pT1 penile cancer: A clinicopathologic study of 76 patients from a low incidence area. Urol Oncol 2013; 31:1378-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kurdgelashvili G, Dores GM, Srour SA, Chaturvedi AK, Huycke MM, Devesa SS. Incidence of potentially human papillomavirus-related neoplasms in the United States, 1978 to 2007. Cancer 2013; 119:2291-9. [PMID: 23580435 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population-based studies comprehensively describing incidence patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related preinvasive and invasive neoplasms prior to widespread HPV vaccination are sparse. METHODS Age-adjusted incidence rates (IRs), IR ratios (IRRs), and annual percent changes (APCs) in IRs were calculated for potentially HPV-related tumors diagnosed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program during 1978 through 2007. RESULTS Overall IRs for preinvasive tumors were significantly higher than for invasive squamous cell tumors of cervix (IRR = 3.42), vulva (IRR = 1.87), and vagina (IRR = 1.19) and significantly lower for adenomatous cervical tumors (IRR = 0.43), and squamous cell tumors of penis (IRR = 0.64), anus (males, IRR = 0.53; females, IRR = 0.14), and head and neck (H&N) (males, IRR = 0.01; females, IRR = 0.02). Incidence of preinvasive squamous tumors of cervix, vagina, and penis rose rapidly over time and decreased for invasive neoplasms. The most rapid increases occurred for preinvasive (males, APC = 16.0; females, APC = 7.3) and invasive anal tumors (males, APC = 3.6; females, APC = 2.3). IR patterns were generally similar among evaluable racial/ethnic groups, with the exception of H&N invasive tumor IRs which increased exclusively among white males. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to the opposing trends of preinvasive and invasive squamous tumors of cervix, vagina, and penis, preinvasive and invasive anal tumor IRs increased significantly over time by sex, age, and racial/ethnic groups. Successful HPV vaccination programs are needed to measurably reduce incidence of HPV-related neoplasms in the future, particularly for cancer sites with rising incidence rates for which effective screening modalities are limited. Cancer 2013;119:2291-2299. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
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Verhoeven R, Janssen-Heijnen M, Saum K, Zanetti R, Caldarella A, Holleczek B, Brewster D, Hakulinen T, Horenblas S, Brenner H, Gondos A. Population-based survival of penile cancer patients in Europe and the United States of America: No improvement since 1990. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:1414-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ulff-Møller CJ, Simonsen J, Frisch M. Marriage, cohabitation and incidence trends of invasive penile squamous cell carcinoma in Denmark 1978-2010. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1173-9. [PMID: 23404289 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Few population-based studies have investigated the relation between living arrangements and risk of invasive penile squamous cell carcinoma (iP-SCC). Using long-term national cancer registry data in Denmark we examined incidence trends of iP-SCC. Furthermore, we examined the relation between marital status, cohabitation status and risk of iP-SCC using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) obtained in Cox proportional hazards regression analyses as our measure of relative risk. Overall, 1,292 cases of iP-SCC were identified during 65.6 million person-years of observation between 1978 and 2010. During this period, the WHO world age-standardized incidence remained relatively stable (p-trend = 0.41) with an average incidence of 1.05 cases per 100,000 person-years. When compared to married men, those who were unmarried (HR 1.37; 95% CI: 1.13-1.66), divorced (HR 1.49; 95% CI: 1.24-1.79) or widowed (HR 1.36; 95% CI: 1.13-1.63) were at increased risk of iP-SCC. Regarding cohabitation status, single-living men were at increased risk of iP-SCC compared to men in opposite-sex cohabitation (HR 1.43; 95% CI: 1.26-1.62). Risk increased with increasing numbers of prior opposite-sex (p-trend = 0.02) and same-sex (p-trend < 0.001) cohabitations. In conclusion, single-living Danish men and men who are not currently married are at increased risk of iP-SCC, and the risk increases with the number of prior cohabitations, perhaps reflecting less stable sexual relations in these subgroups.
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Questionable evidence of increasing incidence of invasive penile cancer in Denmark: authors reply. Cancer Causes Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Questionable evidence of increasing incidence of invasive penile cancer in Denmark. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:659-60; author reply 661-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-9933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hartwig S, Syrjänen S, Dominiak-Felden G, Brotons M, Castellsagué X. Estimation of the epidemiological burden of human papillomavirus-related cancers and non-malignant diseases in men in Europe: a review. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:30. [PMID: 22260541 PMCID: PMC3293758 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in malignant and non-malignant genital diseases in women is well known and the corresponding epidemiological burden has been widely described. However, less is known about the role of HPV in anal, penile and head and neck cancer, and the burden of malignant and non-malignant HPV-related diseases in men. The objective of this review is to estimate the epidemiological burden of HPV-related cancers and non-malignant diseases in men in Europe. Methods The annual number of new HPV-related cancers in men in Europe was estimated using Eurostat population data and applying cancer incidence rates published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The number of cancer cases attributable to HPV, and specifically to HPV16/18, was calculated based on the most relevant prevalence estimates. The annual number of new cases of genital warts was calculated from the most robust European studies; and latest HPV6/11 prevalence estimates were then applied. A literature review was also performed to retrieve exhaustive data on HPV infection at all anatomical sites under study, as well as incidence and prevalence of external genital warts, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and HPV-related cancer trends in men in Europe. Results A total of 72, 694 new cancer cases at HPV-related anatomical sites were estimated to occur each year in men in Europe. 17,403 of these cancer cases could be attributable to HPV, with 15,497 of them specifically attributable to HPV16/18. In addition, between 286,682 and 325,722 new cases of genital warts attributable to HPV6/11were estimated to occur annually in men in Europe. Conclusions The overall estimated epidemiological burden of HPV-related cancers and non-malignant diseases is high in men in Europe. Approximately 30% of all new cancer cases attributable to HPV16/18 that occur yearly in Europe were estimated to occur in men. As in women, the vast majority of HPV-positive cancer in men is related to HPV16/18, while almost all HPV-related non-malignant diseases are due to HPV6/11. A substantial number of these malignant and non-malignant diseases may potentially be prevented by quadrivalent HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hartwig
- Department of Epidemiology, Sanofi Pasteur MSD, Lyon, France.
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Visser O, Adolfsson J, Rossi S, Verne J, Gatta G, Maffezzini M, Franks KN. Incidence and survival of rare urogenital cancers in Europe. Eur J Cancer 2011; 48:456-64. [PMID: 22119351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RARECARE project aims at increasing knowledge of rare cancers in Europe. This manuscript describes the epidemiology (incidence, prevalence, survival) of rare urogenital cancers, taking into account the morphological characterisation of these tumours. METHODS We used data gathered by RARECARE on cancer patients diagnosed from 1995 to 2002 and archived in 64 European population-based cancer registries, followed up to December 31st, 2003 or later. RESULTS The annual number of males that develop penile cancer in the EU is estimated at 3100, which is equivalent to an age standardised rate (ASR) of 12 per million males. The 5-year relative survival rate is 69%, while squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant morphological entity. Each year around 650 persons in the EU develop cancer of the urethra and 7200 develop cancer of the renal pelvis or ureter (RPU). The ASR for cancer of the urethra and RPU is 1.1 (males 1.6; females 0.6) and 12 (males 16; females 7) per million inhabitants, respectively. The 5-year relative survival rate for cancer of the urethra and RPU is 54% and 51%, respectively. Transitional cell carcinoma is the predominant morphological entity of cancer of the urethra and RPU. CONCLUSIONS In view of the low number of cases and the fact that one third to one half of the patients die of their disease, centralisation of treatment of these rare tumours to a select number of specialist centres should be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Visser
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre The Netherlands, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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