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Zhang W, Gao Z, Guan M, Liu N, Meng F, Wang G. ASF1B Promotes Oncogenesis in Lung Adenocarcinoma and Other Cancer Types. Front Oncol 2021; 11:731547. [PMID: 34568067 PMCID: PMC8459715 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.731547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-silencing function 1B histone chaperone (ASF1B) is known to be an important modulator of oncogenic processes, yet its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains to be defined. In this study, an integrated assessment of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) datasets revealed the overexpression of ASF1B in all analyzed cancer types other than LAML. Genetic, epigenetic, microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutational burden (TMB) analysis showed that ASF1B was regulated by single or multiple factors. Kaplan-Meier survival curves suggested that elevated ASF1B expression was associated with better or worse survival in a cancer type-dependent manner. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used to evaluate immune microenvironment composition, and distinct correlations between ASF1B expression and immune cell infiltration were evident when comparing tumor and normal tissue samples. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that ASF1B was associated with proliferation- and immunity-related pathways. Knocking down ASF1B impaired the proliferation, affected cell cycle distribution, and induced cell apoptosis in LUAD cell lines. In contrast, ASF1B overexpression had no impact on the malignant characteristics of LUAD cells. At the mechanistic level, ASF1B served as an indirect regulator of DNA Polymerase Epsilon 3, Accessory Subunit (POLE3), CDC28 protein kinase regulatory subunit 1(CKS1B), Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), as established through proteomic profiling and Immunoprecipitation-Mass Spectrometry (IP-MS) analyses. Overall, these data suggested that ASF1B serves as a tumor promoter and potential target for cancer therapy and provided us with clues to better understand the importance of ASF1B in many types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhouyong Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingxiu Guan
- Department of Laboratory, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanjie Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangshun Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Hussen BM, Ahmadi G, Marzban H, Fard Azar ME, Sorayyayi S, Karampour R, Nahand JS, Hidayat HJ, Moghoofei M. The role of HPV gene expression and selected cellular MiRNAs in lung cancer development. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104692. [PMID: 33301856 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high mortality rate of lung cancer can be justified that strong need to explore new aspect of tumor biology. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected as risk factor for the development of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the role of HPV and cellular/miRNAs genes expression in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and development of lung cancer. METHODS In this case-control study, 109 lung cancer tissue and 52 controls were included. We analyzed the presence of HPV infection, its genotypes (in positive samples) and the expression of viral genes (E2, E6 and E7). Also, We examined the expression of celluar factors including (a) p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) (as anti-carcinogenic genes), (b) EMT related genes, (c) selected miRNAs. RESULTS Our results reported 51.4% and 23.1% of HPV genome in tumor tissues and control tissues samples, respectively. There was a significant association between the HPV positive status and lung cancer (OR = 3.26, 95% C.I = 1.47-7.02, P = 0.001). HPV type 16 was the most prevalent genotype in tissues. The expression of p53, RB, TIMP1, CCNG-1, E-cad and PTPN13 were decreased while MMP-2 and N-cad were increased in HPV-positive tumor/control tissues compared to HPV-negative tissues. Also, among miRNAs, let-7, miR-23, miR-34, miR-125, miR-146 were downregulated and miR-20, miR-424 were upregulated in HPV-positve tissues compared to HPV-negative tissues. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that HPV infection and interaction with cellular genes and miRNAs promote EMT which involved in the lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Gelavizh Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Havva Marzban
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Animals, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Saba Sorayyayi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Romina Karampour
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Zhang J, Xu D, Hao K, Zhang Y, Chen W, Liu J, Gao R, Wu C, De Marinis Y. FS-GBDT: identification multicancer-risk module via a feature selection algorithm by integrating Fisher score and GBDT. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5901960. [PMID: 34020547 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease caused by dysregulation in different cell types and tissues. However, different cancers may share common mechanisms. It is critical to identify decisive genes involved in the development and progression of cancer, and joint analysis of multiple cancers may help to discover overlapping mechanisms among different cancers. In this study, we proposed a fusion feature selection framework attributed to ensemble method named Fisher score and Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (FS-GBDT) to select robust and decisive feature genes in high-dimensional gene expression datasets. Joint analysis of 11 human cancers types was conducted to explore the key feature genes subset of cancer. To verify the efficacy of FS-GBDT, we compared it with four other common feature selection algorithms by Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The algorithm achieved highest indicators, outperforms other four methods. In addition, we performed gene ontology analysis and literature validation of the key gene subset, and this subset were classified into several functional modules. Functional modules can be used as markers of disease to replace single gene which is difficult to be found repeatedly in applications of gene chip, and to study the core mechanisms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics at Shandong University, China
| | - Da Xu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics at Shandong University, China
| | - Kaijing Hao
- School of Mathematics and Statistics at Shandong University, China
| | - Yusen Zhang
- academic leader of Computer Engineering in Shandong University, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Mathematics and Statistics at Shandong University, China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics at Shandong University, China
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University
| | - Chuanyan Wu
- School of Intelligent Engineering in Shandong Management University
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Dasgupta S, Ewing-Graham PC, Swagemakers SMA, van der Spek PJ, van Doorn HC, Noordhoek Hegt V, Koljenović S, van Kemenade FJ. Precursor lesions of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma - histology and biomarkers: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 147:102866. [PMID: 32058913 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The precursor lesion of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC), namely vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), is classified as: human papillomavirus (HPV)-related high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and HPV-independent differentiated VIN (dVIN). Traditionally, histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) have been the basis of diagnosis and classification of VIN. HSIL shows conspicuous histological atypia, and positivity on p16-IHC, whereas dVIN shows less obvious histological atypia, and overexpression or null-pattern on p53-IHC. For both types of VIN, other diagnostic immunohistochemical markers have also been evaluated. Molecular characterization of VIN has been attempted in few recent studies, and novel genotypic subtypes of HPV-independent VSCC and VIN have been identified. This systematic review appraises the VSCC precursors identified so far, focusing on histology and biomarkers (immunohistochemical and molecular). To gain further insights into the carcinogenesis and to identify additional potential biomarkers, gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets on VSCC were analyzed; the results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatavisha Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Sigrid M A Swagemakers
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Helena C van Doorn
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Vincent Noordhoek Hegt
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Senada Koljenović
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Folkert J van Kemenade
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Ramsauer AS, Kubacki J, Favrot C, Ackermann M, Fraefel C, Tobler K. RNA-seq analysis in equine papillomavirus type 2-positive carcinomas identifies affected pathways and potential cancer markers as well as viral gene expression and splicing events. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:985-998. [PMID: 31084699 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2) was discovered only recently, but it is found consistently in the context of genital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Since neither cell cultures nor animal models exist, the characterization of this potential disease agent relies on the analysis of patient materials. To analyse the host and viral transcriptome in EcPV2-affected horses, genital tissue samples were collected from horses with EcPV2-positive lesions as well as from healthy EcPV2-negative horses. It was determined by RNA-seq analysis that there were 1957 differentially expressed (DE) host genes between the SCC and control samples. These genes were most abundantly related to DNA replication, cell cycle, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and focal adhesion. By comparison to other cancer studies, MMP1 and IL8 appeared to be potential marker genes for the development of SCCs. Analysis of the viral reads revealed the transcriptional activity of EcPV2 in all SCC samples. While few reads mapped to the structural viral genes, the majority of reads mapped to the non-structural early (E) genes, in particular to E6, E7 and E2/E4. Within these reads a distinct pattern of splicing events, which are essential for the expression of different genes in PV infections, was observed. Additionally, in one sample the integration of EcPV2 DNA into the host genome was detected by DNA-seq and confirmed by PCR. In conclusion, while host MMP1 and IL8 expression and the presence of EcPV2 may be useful markers in genital SCCs, further research on EcPV2-related pathomechanisms may focus on cell cycle-related genes, the viral genes E6, E7 and E2/E4, and integration events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sophie Ramsauer
- 2 Dermatology Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,1 Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Kubacki
- 1 Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claude Favrot
- 2 Dermatology Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Ackermann
- 1 Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornel Fraefel
- 1 Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Tobler
- 1 Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Expression of HPV-induced DNA Damage Repair Factors Correlates With CIN Progression. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019; 38:1-10. [PMID: 29995652 DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are DNA viruses with epithelial tropism. High-risk types of HPV are the causative agents of the majority of cervical cancers and are responsible for a number of other anogenital as well as oropharyngeal cancers. The life cycle of HPV is closely linked to the differentiation state of its host cell and is dependent on the activation of specific pathways of the DNA damage response. Several proteins from the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related DNA repair pathways, which are essential for maintaining genomic stability in cells, are upregulated in HPV-positive cells and are required for viral replication. Our studies examine the expression of 5 such DNA repair factors-pCHK2, pCHK1, FANCD2, BRCA1, and H2AX-in cervical specimens from patients diagnosed with low-grade, intermediate-grade, or high-grade lesions. The percentage of cells expressing pCHK2, pCHK1, FANCD2, and BRCA1 is significantly higher in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions compared with that of either low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or normal tissue, particularly in differentiated cell layers. In addition, the distribution of this staining throughout the epithelium is altered with increasing lesion grade. This study characterizes the expression of pCHK2, pCHK1, FANCD2, H2AX and BRCA1 during cervical cancer progression and provides additional insight into the role of these DNA damage response proteins in viral transformation.
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Risk of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Cancer-Prone Individuals: What We Know. Viruses 2018; 10:v10010047. [PMID: 29361695 PMCID: PMC5795460 DOI: 10.3390/v10010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections cause a significant proportion of cancers worldwide, predominantly squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the mucosas and skin. High-risk HPV types are associated with SCCs of the anogenital and oropharyngeal tract. HPV oncogene activities and the biology of SCCs have been intensely studied in laboratory models and humans. What remains largely unknown are host tissue and immune-related factors that determine an individual's susceptibility to infection and/or carcinogenesis. Such susceptibility factors could serve to identify those at greatest risk and spark individually tailored HPV and SCC prevention efforts. Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited DNA repair disorder that is in part characterized by extreme susceptibility to SCCs. An increased prevalence of HPV has been reported in affected individuals, and molecular and functional connections between FA, SCC, and HPV were established in laboratory models. However, the presence of HPV in some human FA tumors is controversial, and the extent of the etiological connections remains to be established. Herein, we discuss cellular, immunological, and phenotypic features of FA, placed into the context of HPV pathogenesis. The goal is to highlight this orphan disease as a unique model system to uncover host genetic and molecular HPV features, as well as SCC susceptibility factors.
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8
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Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is involved in one of the at least 2 pathways leading to vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). Inactivation of p53 and retinoblastoma by the viral products E6 and E7 is involved in malignant transformation. The percentage of HPV-positive VSCCs ranges from 18% to 75%, depending on the geographical area. HPV-associated tumors affect relatively young women and arise from high-grade intraepithelial lesions, identical to other HPV-associated premalignant lesions of the anogenital tract. HPV-independent tumors tend to affect older women and usually arise in a background of inflammatory skin disorders and a subtle variant of in situ lesion called differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. HPV-positive tumors tend to be of basaloid or warty types, whereas HPV-independent tumors tend to be of keratinizing type, but there is frequent overlap between histologic types. There is no conclusive evidence yet on the best strategy in terms of determining HPV attribution. HPV DNA detection is generally considered the gold standard although there is some concern about misclassification when using this technique alone. p16 immunostaining has shown to be an excellent surrogate marker of HPV infection. Positive results for both techniques are considered the best evidence for HPV-association. The prognostic role of HPV in VSCC is still contradictory, but increasing evidence suggests that HPV-associated tumors are less aggressive. Currently, there are no differences in treatment between HPV-associated and HPV-independent VSCC, but novel immunological strategies based on anti-HPV antigens are being evaluated in clinical trials.
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9
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Pappa KI, Polyzos A, Jacob-Hirsch J, Amariglio N, Vlachos GD, Loutradis D, Anagnou NP. Profiling of Discrete Gynecological Cancers Reveals Novel Transcriptional Modules and Common Features Shared by Other Cancer Types and Embryonic Stem Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142229. [PMID: 26559525 PMCID: PMC4641642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on individual types of gynecological cancers (GCs), utilizing novel expression technologies, have revealed specific pathogenetic patterns and gene markers for cervical (CC), endometrial (EC) and vulvar cancer (VC). Although the clinical phenotypes of the three types of gynecological cancers are discrete, the fact they originate from a common embryological origin, has led to the hypothesis that they might share common features reflecting regression to early embryogenesis. To address this question, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of their profiles. Our data identified both common features (pathways and networks) and novel distinct modules controlling the same deregulated biological processes in all three types. Specifically, four novel transcriptional modules were discovered regulating cell cycle and apoptosis. Integration and comparison of our data with other databases, led to the identification of common features among cancer types, embryonic stem (ES) cells and the newly discovered cell population of squamocolumnar (SC) junction of the cervix, considered to host the early cancer events. Conclusively, these data lead us to propose the presence of common features among gynecological cancers, other types of cancers, ES cells and the pre-malignant SC junction cells, where the novel E2F/NFY and MAX/CEBP modules play an important role for the pathogenesis of gynecological carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi I. Pappa
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Polyzos
- Basic Research Centre, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch
- Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ninette Amariglio
- Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - George D. Vlachos
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Loutradis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas P. Anagnou
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
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10
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Preti M, Igidbashian S, Costa S, Cristoforoni P, Mariani L, Origoni M, Sandri MT, Boveri S, Spolti N, Spinaci L, Sanvito F, Preti EP, Falasca A, Radici G, Micheletti L. VIN usual type-from the past to the future. Ecancermedicalscience 2015; 9:531. [PMID: 25987900 PMCID: PMC4431399 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN) is the most common VIN type, generally related to a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, predominantly type 16. The incidence of uVIN has been increasing over the last decades, and a bimodal peak is observed at the age of 40–44 and over 55 years. Almost 40% of patients with uVIN have a past, concomitant or future HPV-associated lesion of the lower genital tract. HPV-related malignancies are associated with a persistent HPV infection. The host immune response is of crucial importance in determining clearance or persistence of both HPV infections and HPV-related VIN. About 60% of the patients present with symptoms. Clinical features of uVIN vary in site, number, size, shape, colour, and thickness of lesions. Multicentric disease is often present. Most uVIN lesions are positive at immunohistochemistry to p16ink4a and p14arf, but negative to p53. Irrespective of surgical treatment used, uVIN recurrence rates are high. Positive margins do not predict the development of invasive disease and the need to re-excide the tissue around the scare remains to be demonstrated. Therefore, considering the low progression rate of uVIN and psycosexual sequelae, treatments should be as conservative as possible. Medical treatments available are mainly based on immunotherapy to induce normalisation of immune cell count in uVIN. None are approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) for the treatment of uVIN. If medical treatment is performed, adequate biopsies are required to reduce the risk of unrecognised invasive disease. Some studies suggest that failure to respond to immunotherapy might be related to a local immunosuppressive microenvironment, but knowledge of the uVIN microenvironment is limited. Moreover, our knowledge of the potential mechanisms involved in the escape of HPV-induced lesions from the immune system has many gaps. HPV vaccines have been demonstrated to be effective in preventing uVIN, with 94.9% efficacy in the HPV-naive population, while studies on therapeutic vaccines are limited. The low incidence of VIN requires large multicentre studies to determine the best way to manage affected patients and to investigate the immunological characteristics of the ‘vulvar microenviroment’ which leads to the persistence of HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Preti
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20100, Italy ; The Italian HPV Study Group (IHSG)
| | - Sarah Igidbashian
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20100, Italy
| | - Silvano Costa
- M.F. Toniolo Hospital, Bologna 40100, Italy ; The Italian HPV Study Group (IHSG)
| | - Paolo Cristoforoni
- Villa Montallegro, Genova 16100, Italy ; The Italian HPV Study Group (IHSG)
| | - Luciano Mariani
- HPV-Unit Gynecologic Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute of Rome, Rome 00100, Italy ; The Italian HPV Study Group (IHSG)
| | - Massimo Origoni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vita Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, Milano 20100, Italy ; The Italian HPV Study Group (IHSG)
| | - Maria T Sandri
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20100, Italy ; The Italian HPV Study Group (IHSG)
| | - Sara Boveri
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20100, Italy
| | - Noemi Spolti
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20100, Italy
| | - Laura Spinaci
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20100, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20100, Italy
| | - Eleonora P Preti
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20100, Italy
| | - Adriana Falasca
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20100, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Radici
- Preventive Gynecology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, Milano 20100, Italy
| | - Leonardo Micheletti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Torino, Torino 10100, Italy
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Sauter SL, Wells SI, Zhang X, Hoskins EE, Davies SM, Myers KC, Mueller R, Panicker G, Unger ER, Sivaprasad U, Brown DR, Mehta PA, Butsch Kovacic M. Oral human papillomavirus is common in individuals with Fanconi anemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015; 24:864-72. [PMID: 25809863 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0097-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi anemia is a rare genetic disorder resulting in a loss of function of the Fanconi anemia-related DNA repair pathway. Individuals with Fanconi anemia are predisposed to some cancers, including oropharyngeal and gynecologic cancers, with known associations with human papillomavirus (HPV) in the general population. As individuals with Fanconi anemia respond poorly to chemotherapy and radiation, prevention of cancer is critical. METHODS To determine whether individuals with Fanconi anemia are particularly susceptible to oral HPV infection, we analyzed survey-based risk factor data and tested DNA isolated from oral rinses from 126 individuals with Fanconi anemia and 162 unaffected first-degree family members for 37 HPV types. RESULTS Fourteen individuals (11.1%) with Fanconi anemia tested positive, significantly more (P = 0.003) than family members (2.5%). While HPV prevalence was even higher for sexually active individuals with Fanconi anemia (17.7% vs. 2.4% in family; P = 0.003), HPV positivity also tended to be higher in the sexually inactive (8.7% in Fanconi anemia vs. 2.9% in siblings). Indeed, having Fanconi anemia increased HPV positivity 4.9-fold (95% CI, 1.6-15.4) considering age and sexual experience, but did not differ by other potential risk factors. CONCLUSION Our studies suggest that oral HPV is more common in individuals with Fanconi anemia. It will be essential to continue to explore associations between risk factors and immune dysfunction on HPV incidence and persistence over time. IMPACT HPV vaccination should be emphasized in those with Fanconi anemia as a first step to prevent oropharyngeal cancers, although additional studies are needed to determine whether the level of protection it offers in this population is adequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Sauter
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xue Zhang
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Elizabeth E Hoskins
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stella M Davies
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Kasiani C Myers
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robin Mueller
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gitika Panicker
- Chronic Viral Diseases Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth R Unger
- Chronic Viral Diseases Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Umasundari Sivaprasad
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Darron R Brown
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Parinda A Mehta
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Melinda Butsch Kovacic
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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12
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Liu GB, Chen J, Wu ZH, Zhao KN. Association of human papillomavirus with Fanconi anemia promotes carcinogenesis in Fanconi anemia patients. Rev Med Virol 2015; 25:345-53. [PMID: 25776992 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare recessive disorder associated with chromosomal fragility. FA patients are at very high risk of cancers, especially head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas caused by infection of human papillomaviruses (HPVs). By integrating into the host genome, HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 drive the genomic instability to promote DNA damage and gene mutations necessary for carcinogenesis in FA patients. Furthermore, E6 and E7 oncoproteins not only inhibit p53 and retinoblastoma but also impair the FANC/BRCA signaling pathway to prevent DNA damage repair and alter multiple signals including cell-cycle checkpoints, telomere function, cell proliferation, and interference of the host immune system leading to cancer development in FA patients. In this review, we summarize recent advances in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of FA susceptibility to HPV-induced cancers, which facilitate rational preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Bin Liu
- School of Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Jiezhong Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Zhan He Wu
- Western Sydney Genomic Diagnosis, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kong-Nan Zhao
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Centre for Kidney Disease Research-Venomics Research, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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13
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Jia Y, Wu J, Xu M, Tang L, Li C, Luo M, Lou M. Clinical responses to focused ultrasound applied to women with vulval intraepithelial neoplasia. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2014; 33:1903-1908. [PMID: 25336476 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.33.11.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Focused ultrasound waves penetrate superficial tissues and are aimed toward the target tissues at specific depths to exert their biological effects. Focused ultrasound has been applied for a number of clinical indications, including vulval dystrophies and low-grade vulval disease. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of focused ultrasound treatment of high-grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). METHODS Eighteen women with high-grade VIN were recruited and treated with focused ultrasound. During each posttreatment follow-up, the safety of, side effects of, and clinical responses to focused ultrasound were evaluated by a standardized protocol, including symptoms, clinical appearance, and histologic findings. RESULTS All patients completed the designed follow-ups. In most cases, superficial mild to moderate swelling and blisters were seen in the focused ultrasound-treated skin but not in adjacent normal skin. Of the 18 patients, 16 showed complete histologic regression and resolution of symptoms 6 months after treatment. Of the other 2 patients, 1 showed complete regression after a second focused ultrasound treatment. The other patient did not respond to the focused ultrasound treatment and underwent a partial vulvectomy 6 months after treatment. None of the patients developed invasive carcinoma of the vulva during the follow-up period. One patient had local pruritus that was not alleviated by anti-inflammatory medication and local care. CONCLUSIONS The complete responses observed in women with high-grade VIN treated by focused ultrasound, together with the preservation of adjacent normal tissue, suggest that focused ultrasound may be considered for treatment of high-grade VIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.J., J.W., L.T., M.Lu., M.Lo.); and Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine (M.X.), and Biomedical Engineering College (C.L.), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.J., J.W., L.T., M.Lu., M.Lo.); and Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine (M.X.), and Biomedical Engineering College (C.L.), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.J., J.W., L.T., M.Lu., M.Lo.); and Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine (M.X.), and Biomedical Engineering College (C.L.), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangdan Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.J., J.W., L.T., M.Lu., M.Lo.); and Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine (M.X.), and Biomedical Engineering College (C.L.), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chengzhi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.J., J.W., L.T., M.Lu., M.Lo.); and Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine (M.X.), and Biomedical Engineering College (C.L.), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.J., J.W., L.T., M.Lu., M.Lo.); and Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine (M.X.), and Biomedical Engineering College (C.L.), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Lou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.J., J.W., L.T., M.Lu., M.Lo.); and Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medicine (M.X.), and Biomedical Engineering College (C.L.), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2014; 28:1051-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Hassel JC, Groesser L, Herschberger E, Weichert W, Hafner C. RAS mutations in benign epithelial tumors associated with BRAF inhibitor treatment of melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:636-639. [PMID: 25118623 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Hassel
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Leopold Groesser
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eva Herschberger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Calil LN, Edelweiss MIA, Meurer L, Igansi CN, Bozzetti MC. p16 INK4a and Ki67 expression in normal, dysplastic and neoplastic uterine cervical epithelium and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:482-7. [PMID: 24793773 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular cycle proteins like the p16(INK4a) and the Ki67 proliferation nuclear antigen have been used as oncogenicity cellular markers. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins interact with tumor suppressor genes p53 and pRb, culminating with the p16(INK4a) overexpression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of HPV-DNA in 174 cervical biopsies and correlate the different histological grades with the p16(INK4a) and Ki67 immunohistochemical expression (IHC). A cross-sectional study that enrolled a total of 174 women who underwent uterine cervical biopsies between February 2003 and December 2006, in southern Brazil, was performed. Cervical smear samples were analyzed for the presence of HPV-DNA through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and biopsy samples were examined for p16(INK4A) and Ki67 expression through IHC techniques. The presence of HPV-DNA was observed in 89% of the tested patients, among which 52% were positive for high-risk (HR) viral types [16, 18 and 31]. Regarding p16(INK4a), an expression of 69% was observed, being expressed in 100% of the high-grade squamous lesions (HSIL) and HR-HPV-DNA positives. Ki67 expression was associated with the lesion grade, being more expressive in the most severe lesions (p<0.001). p16(INK4A) and Ki67 markers coexpression was present in 86% of the samples (p<0.001), being 100% among those positive to HR-HPV-DNA with HSIL (p<0.001). The results suggest an association between the presence of HR-HPV infection and the p16(INK4a) and Ki67 expression and which is even stronger among women with HSIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Calil
- Post Graduate Programs in Medical Sciences and Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - M I A Edelweiss
- Post Graduate Programs in Medical Sciences and Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L Meurer
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - C N Igansi
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M C Bozzetti
- Post Graduate Programs in Medical Sciences and Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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17
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Kaczkowski B, Morevati M, Rossing M, Cilius F, Norrild B. A Decade of Global mRNA and miRNA Profiling of HPV-Positive Cell Lines and Clinical Specimens. Open Virol J 2012; 6:216-31. [PMID: 23341857 PMCID: PMC3547333 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901206010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than a decade, global gene expression profiling has been extensively used to elucidate the biology of human papillomaviruses (HPV) and their role in cervical- and head-and-neck cancers. Since 2008, the expression profiling of miRNAs has been reported in multiple HPV studies. Two major strategies have been employed in the gene and miRNA profiling studies: In the first approach, HPV positive tumors were compared to normal tissues or to HPV negative tumors. The second strategy relied on analysis of cell cultures transfected with single HPV oncogenes or with HPV genomes compared to untransfected cells considered as models for the development of premalignant and malignant transformations.In this review, we summarize what we have learned from a decade of global expression profiling studies. We performed comprehensive analysis of the overlap of the lists of differentially expressed genes and microRNAs, in both tissue samples and cell culture based studies. The review focuses mainly on HPV16, however reports from other HPV species are used as references. We discuss the low degree of consensus among different studies and the limitation of differential expression analysis as well as the fragmented miRNA-mRNA target correlation evidence. Furthermore, we propose an approach for future research to include more comprehensive miRNA-mRNA target correlation analysis and to apply systems biology/gene networks methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumil Kaczkowski
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Engagement of the ATR-dependent DNA damage response at the human papillomavirus 18 replication centers during the initial amplification. J Virol 2012; 87:951-64. [PMID: 23135710 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01943-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the human papillomavirus (HPV) genome replicates effectively in U2OS cells after transfection using electroporation. The transient extrachromosomal replication, stable maintenance, and late amplification of the viral genome could be studied for high- and low-risk mucosal and cutaneous papillomaviruses. Recent findings indicate that the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) is activated during the HPV life cycle and that the viral replication protein E1 might play a role in this process. We used a U2OS cell-based system to study E1-dependent DDR activation and the involvement of these pathways in viral transient replication. We demonstrated that the E1 protein could cause double-strand DNA breaks in the host genome by directly interacting with DNA. This activity leads to the induction of an ATM-dependent signaling cascade and cell cycle arrest in the S and G(2) phases. However, the transient replication of HPV genomes in U2OS cells induces the ATR-dependent pathway, as shown by the accumulation of γH2AX, ATR-interacting protein (ATRIP), and topoisomerase IIβ-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) in viral replication centers. Viral oncogenes do not play a role in this activation, which is induced only through DNA replication or by replication proteins E1 and E2. The ATR pathway in viral replication centers is likely activated through DNA replication stress and might play an important role in engaging cellular DNA repair/recombination machinery for effective replication of the viral genome upon active amplification.
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19
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Kaczkowski B, Rossing M, Andersen DK, Dreher A, Morevati M, Visser MA, Winther O, Nielsen FC, Norrild B. Integrative analyses reveal novel strategies in HPV11,-16 and -45 early infection. Sci Rep 2012; 2:515. [PMID: 22808421 PMCID: PMC3398386 DOI: 10.1038/srep00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between human papillomavirus (HPV) and host cells is not well understood. We investigate the early stage of HPV infections by global expression profiling in a cell model, in which HaCaT cells were transfected with HPV11, HPV16 or HPV45 genomes. We report the differential expression of genes not previously implicated in HPV biology, such as the PSG family and ANKRD1, and of genes implicated in the biology of other viruses, e.g. MX1, IFI44 and DDX60. Carcinogenesis-related genes, e.g. ABL2, MGLL and CYR61, were upregulated by high-risk HPV16 and -45. The integrative analysis revealed the suppression of DNA repair by HPV11 and -16, and downregulation of cytoskeleton genes by all HPV types. Various signalling pathways were affected by the HPVs: IL-2 by HPV11; JAK-STAT by HPV16; and TGF-β, NOTCH and tyrosine kinase signalling by HPV45. This study uncovered novel strategies employed by HPV to establish infection and promote uncontrolled growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogumil Kaczkowski
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, Copenhagen University, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rossing
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte K. Andersen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anita Dreher
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marya Morevati
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melissa A. Visser
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Winther
- The Bioinformatics Centre, Department of Biology and Biomedical Research and Innovation Centre, Copenhagen University, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- DTU Informatics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bodil Norrild
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DNA Tumor Virus Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Panum Institute, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Jiang M, Imperiale MJ. Design stars: how small DNA viruses remodel the host nucleus. Future Virol 2012; 7:445-459. [PMID: 22754587 DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Numerous host components are encountered by viruses during the infection process. While some of these host structures are left unchanged, others may go through dramatic remodeling processes. In this review, we summarize these host changes that occur during small DNA virus infections, with a focus on host nuclear components and pathways. Although these viruses differ significantly in their genome structures and infectious pathways, there are common nuclear targets that are altered by various viral factors. Accumulating evidence suggests that these nuclear remodeling processes are often essential for productive viral infections and/or viral-induced transformation. Understanding the complex interactions between viruses and these host structures and pathways will help to build a more integrated network of how the virus completes its life cycle and point toward the design of novel therapeutic regimens that either prevent harmful viral infections or employ viruses as nontraditional treatment options or molecular tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Jiang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, & Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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