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Pereira RVS, EzEldeen M, Ugarte-Berzal E, Vandooren J, Martens E, Gouwy M, Ganseman E, Van Damme J, Matthys P, Vranckx JJ, Proost P, Opdenakker G. Protection of stromal cell-derived factor-1 SDF-1/CXCL12 against proteases yields improved skin wound healing. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359497. [PMID: 39156898 PMCID: PMC11327020 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
SDF-1/CXCL12 is a unique chemotactic factor with multiple functions on various types of precursor cells, all carrying the cognate receptor CXCR4. Whereas individual biological functions of SDF-1/CXCL12 have been well documented, practical applications in medicine are insufficiently studied. This is explained by the complex multifunctional biology of SDF-1 with systemic and local effects, critical dependence of SDF-1 activity on aminoterminal proteolytic processing and limited knowledge of applicable modulators of its activity. We here present new insights into modulation of SDF-1 activity in vitro and in vivo by a macromolecular compound, chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (COAM). COAM prevented the proteolytic inactivation of SDF-1 by two inflammation-associated proteases: matrix metalloproteinase-9/MMP-9 and dipeptidylpeptidase IV/DPPIV/CD26. The inhibition of proteolytic inactivation was functionally measured by receptor-mediated effects, including intracellular calcium mobilization, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, receptor internalization and chemotaxis of CXCR4-positive cells. Protection of SDF-1/CXCL12 against proteolysis was dependent on electrostatic COAM-SDF-1 interactions. By in vivo experiments in mice, we showed that the combination of COAM with SDF-1 delivered through physiological fibrin hydrogel had beneficial effect for the healing of skin wounds. Collectively, we show that COAM protects SDF-1 from proteolytic inactivation, maintaining SDF-1 biological activities. Thus, protection from proteolysis by COAM represents a therapeutic strategy to prolong SDF-1 bioavailability for wound healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Vaz Sousa Pereira
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mostafa EzEldeen
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group KU Leuven and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Pediatric Dentistry and Special Dental Care, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Estefania Ugarte-Berzal
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Ganseman
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Jeroen Vranckx
- Department of Development & Regeneration & Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Qiu Y, Zhou J, Zhang D, Song H, Qian L. Bile salt-dependent lipase promotes the barrier integrity of Caco-2 cells by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling via LRP6 receptor. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:1077-1092. [PMID: 33245415 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bile salt-dependent lipase (BSDL) within intestinal lumen can be endocytosed by enterocytes and support the intestinal barrier function. However, the epithelial-supporting effect of this protein has not been verified in a human cell line and neither the direct signaling pathway nor the function of endocytosis in this process has been clearly identified. We sought to investigate the signaling pathway and the membrane receptor through which BSDL might exert these effects using intestinal epithelial cells. Caco-2 cells were treated with recombinant BSDL, and the barrier function, cell proliferation, and activation of the Wnt signaling pathway were assessed. The effect of Wnt signaling activation induced by BSDL and BSDL endocytosis was investigated in LRP6-silenced and non-silenced cells. Moreover, caveolae- and clathrin-dependent endocytosis inhibitors were also applied respectively to analyze their effects on Wnt signaling activation induced by BSDL. BSDL treatment increased the barrier function but not proliferation of Caco-2 cells. It also induced β-catenin nuclear translocation and activated Wnt target gene transcription. Moreover, in the Wnt pathway, BSDL increased the levels of non-phosphorylated-β-catenin (Ser33/37/Thr41) and phosphorylated-β-catenin (Ser552). Notably, the silencing of LRP6 expression impaired BSDL endocytosis and decreased BSDL-induced β-catenin nuclear translocation. The inhibition of BSDL endocytosis induced by caveolae-mediated endocytosis inhibitor was stronger than that by clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitor, and the Wnt signaling activation associated with its endocytosis was also most likely caveolae-dependent. Our findings suggested that LRP6, a canonical Wnt pathway co-receptor, can mediate BSDL endocytosis and then activate Wnt signaling in Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Qiu
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiefei Zhou
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanlei Song
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Linxi Qian
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Mohan T, Zhu W, Wang Y, Wang BZ. Applications of chemokines as adjuvants for vaccine immunotherapy. Immunobiology 2017; 223:477-485. [PMID: 29246401 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccinations are expected to aid in building immunity against pathogens. This objective often requires the addition of an adjuvant with certain vaccine formulations containing weakly immunogenic antigens. Adjuvants can improve antigen processing, presentation, and recognition, thereby improving the immunogenicity of a vaccine by simulating and eliciting an immune response. Chemokines are a group of small chemoattractant proteins that are essential regulators of the immune system. They are involved in almost every aspect of tumorigenesis, antitumor immunity, and antimicrobial activity and also play a critical role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. More recently, chemokines have been used as vaccine adjuvants due to their ability to modulate lymphocyte development, priming and effector functions, and enhance protective immunity. Chemokines that are produced naturally by the body's own immune system could serve as potentially safer and more reliable adjuvant options versus synthetic adjuvants. This review will primarily focus on chemokines and their immunomodulatory activities against various infectious diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena Mohan
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ye Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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4
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Rosenberger I, Schmithals C, Vandooren J, Bianchessi S, Milani P, Locatelli E, Israel LL, Hübner F, Matteoli M, Lellouche JP, Franchini MC, Passoni L, Scanziani E, Opdenakker G, Piiper A, Kreuter J. Physico-chemical and toxicological characterization of iron-containing albumin nanoparticles as platforms for medical imaging. J Control Release 2014; 194:130-7. [PMID: 25173842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide-containing magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have certain advantages over currently used contrast agents for tumor imaging by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as they offer the possibility of functionalization with ligands and tracers. Functionalized MNPs also may be used for targeted tumor therapy. In the current study nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA) with incorporated hydrophilic (NH4)2Ce(IV)(NO3)6-γ-Fe2O3 particles (CAN maghemite particles) for medical imaging were produced and characterized. For this purpose CAN maghemite particles were incorporated into an rHSA matrix to yield rHSA-NPs. The resulting NPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, photon correlation spectroscopy, and atomic absorption. The sizes of the manufactured NP were 170 ± 10 nm, and the zeta-potential was -50 ± 3 mV. The NPs remained stable when stored after lyophilization with sucrose 3% [w/v] as a cryoprotector. They showed pro-inflammatory properties without cell and animal toxicity in vivo and were highly contrasting in MRI. In conclusion, this report introduces novel rHSA NP with favorable properties containing iron oxide for detection by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Rosenberger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Christian Schmithals
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jennifer Vandooren
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Paolo Milani
- Fondazione Filarete, 20139 Milano, Italy; CIMAINA, University of Milano, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Erica Locatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Liron L Israel
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Frank Hübner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jean-Paul Lellouche
- Department of Chemistry & Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Mauro Comes Franchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Albrecht Piiper
- Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Kreuter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
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5
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Li S, Pettersson US, Hoorelbeke B, Kolaczkowska E, Schelfhout K, Martens E, Kubes P, Van Damme J, Phillipson M, Opdenakker G. Interference with glycosaminoglycan-chemokine interactions with a probe to alter leukocyte recruitment and inflammation in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104107. [PMID: 25093679 PMCID: PMC4122422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo leukocyte recruitment is not fully understood and may result from interactions of chemokines with glycosaminoglycans/GAGs. We previously showed that chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose/COAM binds the neutrophil chemokine GCP-2/CXCL6. Here, mouse chemokine binding by COAM was studied systematically and binding affinities of chemokines to COAM versus GAGs were compared. COAM and heparan sulphate bound the mouse CXC chemokines KC/CXCL1, MIP-2/CXCL2, IP-10/CXCL10 and I-TAC/CXCL11 and the CC chemokine RANTES/CCL5 with affinities in the nanomolar range, whereas no binding interactions were observed for mouse MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3 and MIP-1β/CCL4. The affinities of COAM-interacting chemokines were similar to or higher than those observed for heparan sulphate. Although COAM did not display chemotactic activity by itself, its co-administration with mouse GCP-2/CXCL6 and MIP-2/CXCL2 or its binding of endogenous chemokines resulted in fast and cooperative peritoneal neutrophil recruitment and in extravasation into the cremaster muscle invivo. These local GAG mimetic features by COAM within tissues superseded systemic effects and were sufficient and applicable to reduce LPS-induced liver-specific neutrophil recruitment and activation. COAM mimics glycosaminoglycans and is a nontoxic probe for the study of leukocyte recruitment and inflammation invivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Li
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Bart Hoorelbeke
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elzbieta Kolaczkowska
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Katrien Schelfhout
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Martens
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Kubes
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jo Van Damme
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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6
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Vandooren J, Berghmans N, Dillen C, Van Aelst I, Ronsse I, Israel LL, Rosenberger I, Kreuter J, Lellouche JP, Michaeli S, Locatelli E, Franchini MC, Aiertza MK, Sánchez-Abella L, Loinaz I, Edwards DR, Shenkman L, Opdenakker G. Intradermal air pouch leukocytosis as an in vivo test for nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4745-56. [PMID: 24379662 PMCID: PMC3867323 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s51628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for test systems for nanoparticle biocompatibility, toxicity, and inflammatory or adaptive immunological responses is paramount. Nanoparticles should be free of microbiological and chemical contaminants, and devoid of toxicity. Nevertheless, in the absence of contamination, these particles may still induce undesired immunological effects in vivo, such as enhanced autoimmunity, hypersensitivity reactions, and fibrosis. Here we show that artificial particles of specific sizes affect immune cell recruitment as tested in a dermal air pouch model in mice. In addition, we demonstrate that the composition of nanoparticles may influence immune cell recruitment in vivo. Aside from biophysical characterizations in terms of hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, concentration, and atomic concentration of metals, we show that – after first-line in vitro assays – characterization of cellular and molecular effects by dermal air pouch analysis is straightforward and should be included in the quality control of nanoparticles. We demonstrate this for innate immunological effects such as neutrophil recruitment and the production of immune-modulating matrix metalloproteases such as MMP-9; we propose the use of air pouch leukocytosis analysis as a future standard assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Vandooren
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nele Berghmans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chris Dillen
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Van Aelst
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Ronsse
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liron Limor Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ina Rosenberger
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jörg Kreuter
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jean-Paul Lellouche
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shulamit Michaeli
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences and Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Institute, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Erica Locatelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Comes Franchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Miren K Aiertza
- New Materials Department, Fundación CIDETEC, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Iraida Loinaz
- New Materials Department, Fundación CIDETEC, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dylan R Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Saldova R, Piccard H, Pérez-Garay M, Harvey DJ, Struwe WB, Galligan MC, Berghmans N, Madden SF, Peracaula R, Opdenakker G, Rudd PM. Increase in sialylation and branching in the mouse serum N-glycome correlates with inflammation and ovarian tumour progression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71159. [PMID: 24023608 PMCID: PMC3758313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological cancer and is often diagnosed in late stage, often as the result of the unavailability of sufficiently sensitive biomarkers for early detection, tumour progression and tumour-associated inflammation. Glycosylation is the most common posttranslational modification of proteins; it is altered in cancer and therefore is a potential source of biomarkers. We investigated the quantitative and qualitative effects of anti-inflammatory (acetylsalicylic acid) and pro-inflammatory (thioglycolate and chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose) drugs on glycosylation in mouse cancer serum. A significant increase in sialylation and branching of glycans in mice treated with an inflammation-inducing compound was observed. Moreover, the increases in sialylation correlated with increased tumour sizes. Increases in sialylation and branching were consistent with increased expression of sialyltransferases and the branching enzyme MGAT5. Because the sialyltransferases are highly conserved among species, the described changes in the ovarian cancer mouse model are relevant to humans and serum N-glycome analysis for monitoring disease treatment and progression might be a useful biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Saldova
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT) GlycoScience Group, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helene Piccard
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta Pérez-Garay
- Unitat de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - David J. Harvey
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT) GlycoScience Group, Dublin, Ireland
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Weston B. Struwe
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT) GlycoScience Group, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie C. Galligan
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nele Berghmans
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen F. Madden
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosa Peracaula
- Unitat de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT) GlycoScience Group, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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8
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Berghmans N, Heremans H, Li S, Martens E, Matthys P, Sorokin L, Van Damme J, Opdenakker G. Rescue from acute neuroinflammation by pharmacological chemokine-mediated deviation of leukocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:243. [PMID: 23095573 PMCID: PMC3526473 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil influx is an important sign of hyperacute neuroinflammation, whereas the entry of activated lymphocytes into the brain parenchyma is a hallmark of chronic inflammatory processes, as observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Clinically approved or experimental therapies for neuroinflammation act by blocking leukocyte penetration of the blood brain barrier. However, in view of unsatisfactory results and severe side effects, complementary therapies are needed. We have examined the effect of chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (COAM), a potent antiviral polycarboxylic acid on EAE. Methods EAE was induced in SJL/J mice by immunization with spinal cord homogenate (SCH) or in IFN-γ-deficient BALB/c (KO) mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55). Mice were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with COAM or saline at different time points after immunization. Clinical disease and histopathology were compared between both groups. IFN expression was analyzed in COAM-treated MEF cell cultures and in sera and peritoneal fluids of COAM-treated animals by quantitative PCR, ELISA and a bioassay on L929 cells. Populations of immune cell subsets in the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS) were quantified at different stages of disease development by flow cytometry and differential cell count analysis. Expression levels of selected chemokine genes in the CNS were determined by quantitative PCR. Results We discovered that COAM (2 mg i.p. per mouse on days 0 and 7) protects significantly against hyperacute SCH-induced EAE in SJL/J mice and MOG35-55-induced EAE in IFN-γ KO mice. COAM deviated leukocyte trafficking from the CNS into the periphery. In the CNS, COAM reduced four-fold the expression levels of the neutrophil CXC chemokines KC/CXCL1 and MIP-2/CXCL2. Whereas the effects of COAM on circulating blood and splenic leukocytes were limited, significant alterations were observed at the COAM injection site. Conclusions These results demonstrate novel actions of COAM as an anti-inflammatory agent with beneficial effects on EAE through cell deviation. Sequestration of leukocytes in the non-CNS periphery or draining of leukocytes out of the CNS with the use of the chemokine system may thus complement existing treatment options for acute and chronic neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Berghmans
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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