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Shields PG. Role of untargeted omics biomarkers of exposure and effect for tobacco research. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 7:100098. [PMID: 37396411 PMCID: PMC10310069 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco research remains a clear priority to improve individual and population health, and has recently become more complex with emerging combustible and noncombustible tobacco products. The use of omics methods in prevention and cessation studies are intended to identify new biomarkers for risk, compared risks related to other products and never use, and compliance for cessation and reinitation. to assess the relative effects of tobacco products to each other. They are important for the prediction of reinitiation of tobacco use and relapse prevention. In the research setting, both technical and clinical validation is required, which presents a number of complexities in the omics methodologies from biospecimen collection and sample preparation to data collection and analysis. When the results identify differences in omics features, networks or pathways, it is unclear if the results are toxic effects, a healthy response to a toxic exposure or neither. The use of surrogate biospecimens (e.g., urine, blood, sputum or nasal) may or may not reflect target organs such as the lung or bladder. This review describes the approaches for the use of omics in tobacco research and provides examples of prior studies, along with the strengths and limitations of the various methods. To date, there is little consistency in results, likely due to small number of studies, limitations in study size, the variability in the analytic platforms and bioinformatic pipelines, differences in biospecimen collection and/or human subject study design. Given the demonstrated value for the use of omics in clinical medicine, it is anticipated that the use in tobacco research will be similarly productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G. Shields
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University and James Cancer Hospital, Columbus, OH
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Sirocko KT, Angstmann H, Papenmeier S, Wagner C, Spohn M, Indenbirken D, Ehrhardt B, Kovacevic D, Hammer B, Svanes C, Rabe KF, Roeder T, Uliczka K, Krauss-Etschmann S. Early-life exposure to tobacco smoke alters airway signaling pathways and later mortality in D. melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119696. [PMID: 35780997 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Early life environmental influences such as exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) can disturb molecular processes of lung development and thereby increase the risk for later development of chronic respiratory diseases. Among the latter, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common. The airway epithelium plays a key role in their disease pathophysiology but how CS exposure in early life influences airway developmental pathways and epithelial stress responses or survival is poorly understood. Using Drosophila melanogaster larvae as a model for early life, we demonstrate that CS enters the entire larval airway system, where it activates cyp18a1 which is homologues to human CYP1A1 to metabolize CS-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and further induces heat shock protein 70. RNASeq studies of isolated airways showed that CS dysregulates pathways involved in oxidative stress response, innate immune response, xenobiotic and glutathione metabolic processes as well as developmental processes (BMP, FGF signaling) in both sexes, while other pathways were exclusive to females or males. Glutathione S-transferase genes were further validated by qPCR showing upregulation of gstD4, gstD5 and gstD8 in respiratory tracts of females, while gstD8 was downregulated and gstD5 unchanged in males. ROS levels were increased in airways after CS. Exposure to CS further resulted in higher larval mortality, lower larval-pupal transition, and hatching rates in males only as compared to air-exposed controls. Taken together, early life CS induces airway epithelial stress responses and dysregulates pathways involved in the fly's branching morphogenesis as well as in mammalian lung development. CS further affected fitness and development in a highly sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina-Theresa Sirocko
- Division for Invertebrate Models, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie Papenmeier
- Division for Invertebrate Models, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Christina Wagner
- Division for Invertebrate Models, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Michael Spohn
- Technology Platform Next Generation Sequencing, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Indenbirken
- Technology Platform Next Generation Sequencing, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Draginja Kovacevic
- DZL Laboratory - Experimental Microbiome Research, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Division of Early Origins of Chronic Lung Disease
| | - Barbara Hammer
- DZL Laboratory - Experimental Microbiome Research, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Division of Early Origins of Chronic Lung Disease
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- LungenClinic, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany; Department of Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Division of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Karin Uliczka
- Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany; Division of Early Origins of Chronic Lung Disease
| | - Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Division of Early Origins of Chronic Lung Disease.
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Mastalerz M, Dick E, Chakraborty AA, Hennen E, Schamberger AC, Schröppel A, Lindner M, Hatz R, Behr J, Hilgendorff A, Schmid O, Staab-Weijnitz CA. Validation of in vitro models for smoke exposure of primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 322:L129-L148. [PMID: 34668416 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00091.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The bronchial epithelium is constantly challenged by inhalative insults including cigarette smoke (CS), a key risk factor for lung disease. In vitro exposure of bronchial epithelial cells using CS extract (CSE) is a widespread alternative to whole CS (wCS) exposure. However, CSE exposure protocols vary considerably between studies, precluding direct comparison of applied doses. Moreover, they are rarely validated in terms of physiological response in vivo and the relevance of the findings is often unclear. METHODS We tested six different exposure settings in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (phBECs), including five CSE protocols in comparison with wCS exposure. We quantified cell-delivered dose and directly compared all exposures using expression analysis of 10 well-established smoke-induced genes in bronchial epithelial cells. CSE exposure of phBECs was varied in terms of differentiation state, exposure route, duration of exposure, and dose. Gene expression was assessed by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) and Western Blot analysis. Cell type-specific expression of smoke-induced genes was analyzed by immunofluorescent analysis. RESULTS Three surprisingly dissimilar exposure types, namely chronic CSE treatment of differentiating phBECs, acute CSE treatment of submerged basal phBECs, and wCS exposure of differentiated phBECs performed best, resulting in significant upregulation of seven (chronic CSE) and six (acute wCS, acute submerged CSE exposure) out of 10 genes. Acute apical or basolateral exposure of differentiated phBECs with CSE was much less effective despite similar doses used. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide guidance for the design of human in vitro CS exposure models in experimental and translational lung research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mastalerz
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Dick
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Ashesh Anjankumar Chakraborty
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hennen
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea C Schamberger
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schröppel
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Hatz
- Thoraxchirurgisches Zentrum, Klinik für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Transplantations-, Gefäß- und Thoraxchirurgie, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behr
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia A Staab-Weijnitz
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Comprehensive Pneumology Center with the CPC-M bioArchive, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Li X, Haberzettl P, Conklin DJ, Bhatnagar A, Rouchka EC, Zhang M, O’Toole TE. Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution Alters mRNA and miRNA Expression in Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Mice. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1058. [PMID: 34356074 PMCID: PMC8307414 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution is associated with quantitative deficits of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in humans. Related exposures of mice to concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) likewise reduces levels of circulating EPCs and induces defects in their proliferation and angiogenic potential as well. These changes in EPC number or function are predictive of larger cardiovascular dysfunction. To identify global, PM2.5-dependent mRNA and miRNA expression changes that may contribute to these defects, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of cells isolated from exposed mice. Compared with control samples, we identified 122 upregulated genes and 44 downregulated genes in EPCs derived from CAP-exposed animals. Functions most impacted by these gene expression changes included regulation of cell movement, cell and tissue development, and cellular assembly and organization. With respect to miRNA changes, we found that 55 were upregulated while 53 were downregulated in EPCs from CAP-exposed mice. The top functions impacted by these miRNA changes included cell movement, cell death and survival, cellular development, and cell growth and proliferation. A subset of these mRNA and miRNA changes were confirmed by qRT-PCR, including some reciprocal relationships. These results suggest that PM2.5-induced changes in gene expression may contribute to EPC dysfunction and that such changes may contribute to the adverse cardiovascular outcomes of air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.J.C.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Daniel J. Conklin
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.J.C.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.J.C.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Eric C. Rouchka
- Kentucky Biomedical Research Infrastructure Network Bioinformatics Core, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville Genomics Facility, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Timothy E. O’Toole
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.J.C.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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The Effects of Age, Cigarette Smoking, Sex, and Race on the Qualitative Characteristics of Lung Transcriptome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6418460. [PMID: 32802863 PMCID: PMC7424369 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6418460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) of genes, which are stable qualitative transcriptional characteristics, can provide abundant information for a disease. Methods based on REO comparisons have been proposed for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the individual level and for detecting disease-associated genes based on one-phenotype disease data by reusing data of normal samples from other sources. Here, we evaluated the effects of common potential confounding factors, including age, cigarette smoking, sex, and race, on the REOs of gene pairs within normal lung tissues transcriptome. Our results showed that age has little effect on REOs within lung tissues. We found that about 0.23% of the significantly stable REOs of gene pairs in nonsmokers' lung tissues are reversed in smokers' lung tissues, introduced by 344 DEGs between the two groups of samples (RankCompV2, FDR <0.05), which are enriched in metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, glutathione metabolism, and other pathways (hypergeometric test, FDR <0.05). Comparison between the normal lung tissue samples of males and females revealed fewer reversal REOs introduced by 24 DEGs between the sex groups, among which 19 DEGs are located on sex chromosomes and 5 DEGs involving in spermatogenesis and regulation of oocyte are located on autosomes. Between the normal lung tissue samples of white and black people, we identified 22 DEGs (RankCompV2, FDR <0.05) which introduced a few reversal REOs between the two races. In summary, the REO-based study should take into account the confounding factors of cigarette smoking, sex, and race.
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Di Carlo E, Cipollone G, Mucilli F, Sorrentino C. Clinical impact of the lung tissue transcriptome in a teenager with multifocal invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma-a case report. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:793-802. [PMID: 32676340 PMCID: PMC7354110 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional profiling of cancer and normal tissues harboring cancer can be a clinical and discovery tool, especially for the study of rare tumors. Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a rare lung cancer histotype, which mostly affects the elderly and commonly has a poor prognosis. We investigated the exceptional case of a teenager, exposed to passive smoke and chemical carcinogens, who developed a multifocal IMA with bilateral involvement. The malignancy was asymptomatic and was diagnosed occasionally during hospitalization for acute abdominal pain due to adnexitis. The young patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and lung samples were analysed by RNA-Sequencing. The transcriptome of patient’s normal and neoplastic lung tissues was compared with matched healthy controls and IMA signature cases, using Gene Set Enrichment Analyses, Gene Ontology and Genotype Tissue Expression database. Compared to healthy controls, the patient’s lung tissue lacked the expression of lymphocyte and humoral-mediated immune response genes, whereas genes driving the response to stimulus, chemical and organic substances, primarily, CXCL8, ACKR1, RAB7B, HOXC9, HOXD9, KLF5 and NKX2-8 were overexpressed. Genes driving extracellular structure organization, cell adhesion, cell movement, metabolic and apoptotic processes were down-modulated in patient’s lung tissue. When compared to IMA signature cases, the patient’s IMA revealed a prevalent expression of genes regulating the response to stimulus, myeloid and neutrophil activation and immune system processes, primarily CD1a and CXCL13/BCA1, whereas stemness genes and proto-oncogenes, such as SOX4, HES1, IER3 and SERPINH1 were downmodulated. These transcriptional signature associated with a favorable clinical course, since the patient was healthy five years after initial diagnosis. The transcriptome of the normal tissues bearing tumor provides meaningful information on the gene pathways driving tumor histogenesis, with a prospective impact on early diagnosis. Unlike the tumor histotype-related transcriptional signature, the individual patient’s signature enables tailored treatment and accurate prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Di Carlo
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cipollone
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,General and Thoracic Surgery, "SS Annunziata" Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Felice Mucilli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,General and Thoracic Surgery, "SS Annunziata" Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Sorrentino
- Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology and Immuno-Oncology Unit, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Tessema M, Tassew DD, Yingling CM, Do K, Picchi MA, Wu G, Petersen H, Randell S, Lin Y, Belinsky SA, Tesfaigzi Y. Identification of novel epigenetic abnormalities as sputum biomarkers for lung cancer risk among smokers and COPD patients. Lung Cancer 2020; 146:189-196. [PMID: 32559455 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking is a common risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. Although COPD patients have higher risk of lung cancer compared to non-COPD smokers, the molecular links between these diseases are not well-defined. This study aims to identify genes that are downregulated by cigarette smoke and commonly repressed in COPD and lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human airway epithelial cells (HAEC) were exposed to cigarette-smoke-extract (CSE) for 10-weeks and significantly suppressed genes were identified by transcriptome array. Epigenetic abnormalities of these genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) from patients with or without COPD were determined using genome-wide and gene-specific assays and by in vitro treatment of cell lines with trichostatin-A or 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine. RESULTS The ten most commonly downregulated genes following chronic CSE exposure of HAEC and show promoter hypermethylation in LUAD were selected. Among these, expression of CCNA1, SNCA, and ZNF549 was significantly reduced in lung tissues from COPD compared with non-COPD cases while expression of CCNA1 and SNCA was further downregulated in tumors with COPD. The promoter regions of all three genes were hypermethylated in LUAD but not normal or COPD lungs. The reduced expression and aberrant promoter hypermethylation of these genes in LUAD were independently validated using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas project. Importantly, SNCA and ZNF549 methylation detected in sputum DNA from LUAD (52% and 38%) cases were more prevalent compared to cancer-free smokers (26% and 15%), respectively (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that suppression of CCNA1, SNCA, and ZNF549 in lung cancer and COPD occurs with or without promoter hypermethylation, respectively. Detecting methylation of these and previously identified genes in sputum of cancer-free smokers may serve as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer among high risk smokers including COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathewos Tessema
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA.
| | - Dereje D Tassew
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Currently, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christin M Yingling
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA
| | - Kieu Do
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA
| | - Maria A Picchi
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA
| | - Guodong Wu
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA
| | - Hans Petersen
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Scott Randell
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, M, USA
| | - Yohannes Tesfaigzi
- COPD Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Currently, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Adami GR, Tangney CC, Tang JL, Zhou Y, Ghaffari S, Naqib A, Sinha S, Green SJ, Schwartz JL. Effects of green tea on miRNA and microbiome of oral epithelium. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5873. [PMID: 29651001 PMCID: PMC5897334 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of green tea (GT) extracts or purified catechins has shown the ability to prevent oral and other cancers and inhibit cancer progression in rodent models, but the evidence for this in humans is mixed. Working with humans, we sought to understand the source of variable responses to GT by examining its effects on oral epithelium. Lingual epithelial RNA and lingual and gingival microbiota were measured before and after 4 weeks of exposure in tobacco smokers, whom are at high risk of oral cancer. GT consumption had on average inconsistent effects on miRNA expression in the oral epithelium. Only analysis that examined paired miRNAs, showing changed and coordinated expression with GT exposure, provided evidence for a GT effect on miRNAs, identifying miRNAs co-expressed with two hubs, miR-181a-5p and 301a-3p. An examination of the microbiome on cancer prone lingual mucosa, in contrast, showed clear shifts in the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, and other genera after GT exposure. These data support the idea that tea consumption can consistently change oral bacteria in humans, which may affect carcinogenesis, but argue that GT effects on oral epithelial miRNA expression in humans vary between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy R Adami
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Christy C Tangney
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W Van Buren St. Suite 425, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica L Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yalu Zhou
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saba Ghaffari
- Department of Computer Science and Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2122 Siebel Center, 201N. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ankur Naqib
- DNA Services Facility, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Department of Computer Science and Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2122 Siebel Center, 201N. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stefan J Green
- DNA Services Facility, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel L Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine & Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Molecular Biology of Oral Diseases, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 South Paulina Street, Chicago, IL, USA
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Nikodemova M, Yee J, Carney PR, Bradfield CA, Malecki KM. Transcriptional differences between smokers and non-smokers and variance by obesity as a risk factor for human sensitivity to environmental exposures. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 113:249-258. [PMID: 29459183 PMCID: PMC5866236 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been shown to alter response to air pollution and smoking but underlying biological mechanisms are largely unknown and few studies have explored mechanisms by which obesity increases human sensitivity to environmental exposures. OBJECTIVE Overall study goals were to investigate whole blood gene expression in smokers and non-smokers to examine associations between cigarette smoke and changes in gene expression by obesity status and test for effect modification. METHODS Relative fold-change in mRNA expression levels of 84 genes were analyzed using a Toxicity and Stress PCR array among 50 21-54 year old adults. Data on smoking status was confirmed using urinary cotinine levels. Adjusted models included age, gender, white blood cell count and body-mass index. RESULTS Models comparing gene expression of smokers vs. non-smokers identified six differentially expressed genes associated with smoking after adjustments for covariates. Obesity was associated with 29 genes differentially expressed compared to non-obese. We also identified 9 genes with significant smoking/obesity interactions influencing mRNA levels in adjusted models comparing expression between smokers vs non-smokers for four DNA damage related genes (GADD45A, DDB2, RAD51 and P53), two oxidative stress genes (FTH1, TXN), two hypoxia response genes (BN1P3lL, ARNT), and one gene associated with unfolded protein response (ATF6B). CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that obesity alters human sensitivity to smoke exposures through several biological pathways by modifying gene expression. Additional studies are needed to fully understand the clinical impact of these effects, but risk assessments should consider underlying phenotypes, such as obesity, that may modulate sensitivity of vulnerable populations to environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nikodemova
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jeremiah Yee
- The McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Patrick R Carney
- The McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher A Bradfield
- The McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kristen Mc Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States; The McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.
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10
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Popadić D, Heßelbach K, Richter-Brockmann S, Kim GJ, Flemming S, Schmidt-Heck W, Häupl T, Bonin M, Dornhof R, Achten C, Günther S, Humar M, Merfort I. Gene expression profiling of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) from biomass combustion. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 347:10-22. [PMID: 29596927 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Popadić
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Heßelbach
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Richter-Brockmann
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Gwang-Jin Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Flemming
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt-Heck
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Häupl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Bonin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Dornhof
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Bioinformatics, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matjaz Humar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Irmgard Merfort
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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11
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Cao C, Chen J, Lyu C, Yu J, Zhao W, Wang Y, Zou D. Bioinformatics Analysis of the Effects of Tobacco Smoke on Gene Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143377. [PMID: 26629988 PMCID: PMC4667894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the effects of tobacco smoke on gene expression through bioinformatics analyses. Gene expression profile GSE17913 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in buccal mucosa tissues between 39 active smokers and 40 never smokers were identified. Gene Ontology Specifically, the DEG distribution in the pathway of Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 was shown in Fig 2[corrected] were performed, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, transcriptional regulatory network as well as miRNA-target regulatory network construction. In total, 88 up-regulated DEGs and 106 down-regulated DEGs were identified. Among these DEGs, cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1B1 were enriched in the Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathway. In the PPI network, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta (YWHAZ), and CYP1A1 were hub genes. In the transcriptional regulatory network, transcription factors of MYC associated factor X (MAX) and upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) regulated many overlapped DEGs. In addition, protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, D (PTPRD) was regulated by multiple miRNAs in the miRNA-DEG regulatory network. CYP1A1, CYP1B1, YWHAZ and PTPRD, and TF of MAX and USF1 may have the potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in tobacco smoke-related pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chengqi Lyu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Derong Zou
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
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12
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Kogel U, Gonzalez Suarez I, Xiang Y, Dossin E, Guy PA, Mathis C, Marescotti D, Goedertier D, Martin F, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Biological impact of cigarette smoke compared to an aerosol produced from a prototypic modified risk tobacco product on normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:2102-15. [PMID: 26277032 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking causes serious and fatal diseases. The best way for smokers to avoid health risks is to quit smoking. Using modified risk tobacco products (MRTPs) may be an alternative to reduce the harm caused for those who are unwilling to quit smoking, but little is known about the toxic effects of MRTPs, nor were the molecular mechanisms of toxicity investigated in detail. The toxicity of an MRTP and the potential molecular mechanisms involved were investigated in high-content screening tests and whole genome transcriptomics analyses using human bronchial epithelial cells. The prototypic (p)MRTP that was tested had less impact than reference cigarette 3R4F on the cellular oxidative stress response and cell death pathways. Higher pMRTP aerosol extract concentrations had impact on pathways associated with the detoxification of xenobiotics and the reduction of oxidative damage. A pMRTP aerosol concentration up to 18 times higher than the 3R4F caused similar perturbation effects in biological networks and led to the perturbation of networks related to cell stress, and proliferation biology. These results may further facilitate the development of a systems toxicology-based impact assessment for use in future risk assessments in line with the 21st century toxicology paradigm, as shown here for an MRTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kogel
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - I Gonzalez Suarez
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Y Xiang
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - E Dossin
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - P A Guy
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - C Mathis
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - D Marescotti
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - D Goedertier
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - F Martin
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - M C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - J Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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13
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Jia J, Ding H, Yang K, Mao L, Zhao H, Zhan Y, Shen C. Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Polymorphism Is Significantly Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Han Population. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:572-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Shapiro SG, Knapp DW, Breen M. A cultured approach to canine urothelial carcinoma: molecular characterization of five cell lines. Canine Genet Epidemiol 2015; 2:15. [PMID: 26401343 PMCID: PMC4579363 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-015-0028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Urothelial carcinoma (UC), also known as transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), of the bladder is the most common neoplasm affecting the canine urogenital system. To facilitate study of the disease in vitro, cell line models have been established from primary tumor biopsies. Their resemblance to the primary disease, however, has not been well defined. In the present study, we evaluated five canine UC cell lines via oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (oaCGH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and gene expression analysis. Results Comparison of genome wide DNA copy number profiles of the cell lines with primary biopsy specimens revealed redundancies in genomic aberrations, indicating that the cell lines retain the gross genomic architecture of primary tumors. As in the primary tumors, gain of canine chromosomes 13 and 36 and loss of chromosome 19 were among the most frequent aberrations evident in the cell lines. FISH analysis revealed chromosome structural aberrations, including tandem duplications, bi-armed chromosomes, and chromosome fusions, suggesting genome instability during neoplastic transformation. Gene expression profiling highlighted numerous differentially expressed genes, including many previously shown as dysregulated in primary canine UC and human bladder cancer. Pathway enrichment analysis emphasized pathways suspected to be at the crux of UC pathogenesis, including xenobiotic and lipid compound metabolism. Conclusions These data support valid use of the canine UC cell lines evaluated by confirming they provide an accurate and practical means to interrogate the UC at a molecular level. Moreover, the cell lines may provide a valuable model for furthering our understanding of aberrant metabolic pathways in UC development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40575-015-0028-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Shapiro
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA
| | - D W Knapp
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN USA ; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA ; Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA ; Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC USA ; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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15
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Lochhead P, Chan AT, Nishihara R, Fuchs CS, Beck AH, Giovannucci E, Ogino S. Etiologic field effect: reappraisal of the field effect concept in cancer predisposition and progression. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:14-29. [PMID: 24925058 PMCID: PMC4265316 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2014.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The term 'field effect' (also known as field defect, field cancerization, or field carcinogenesis) has been used to describe a field of cellular and molecular alteration, which predisposes to the development of neoplasms within that territory. We explore an expanded, integrative concept, 'etiologic field effect', which asserts that various etiologic factors (the exposome including dietary, lifestyle, environmental, microbial, hormonal, and genetic factors) and their interactions (the interactome) contribute to a tissue microenvironmental milieu that constitutes a 'field of susceptibility' to neoplasia initiation, evolution, and progression. Importantly, etiological fields predate the acquisition of molecular aberrations commonly considered to indicate presence of filed effect. Inspired by molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) research, which examines the influence of etiologic factors on cellular and molecular alterations during disease course, an etiologically focused approach to field effect can: (1) broaden the horizons of our inquiry into cancer susceptibility and progression at molecular, cellular, and environmental levels, during all stages of tumor evolution; (2) embrace host-environment-tumor interactions (including gene-environment interactions) occurring in the tumor microenvironment; and, (3) help explain intriguing observations, such as shared molecular features between bilateral primary breast carcinomas, and between synchronous colorectal cancers, where similar molecular changes are absent from intervening normal colon. MPE research has identified a number of endogenous and environmental exposures which can influence not only molecular signatures in the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome and interactome, but also host immunity and tumor behavior. We anticipate that future technological advances will allow the development of in vivo biosensors capable of detecting and quantifying 'etiologic field effect' as abnormal network pathology patterns of cellular and microenvironmental responses to endogenous and exogenous exposures. Through an 'etiologic field effect' paradigm, and holistic systems pathology (systems biology) approaches to cancer biology, we can improve personalized prevention and treatment strategies for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lochhead
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrew T Chan
- 1] Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA [2] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- 1] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew H Beck
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- 1] Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA [3] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA [2] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA [3] Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Tommasi S, Zheng A, Besaratinia A. Exposure of mice to secondhand smoke elicits both transient and long-lasting transcriptional changes in cancer-related functional networks. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:2253-63. [PMID: 25346222 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS) has long been linked to lung cancer and other diseases in nonsmokers. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of SHS carcinogenicity in nonsmokers remain to be elucidated. We investigated the immediate and long-lasting effects of SHS exposure on gene expression in mice in vivo. We exposed mice whole body to SHS for 5 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 months in exposure chambers of a microprocessor-controlled smoking machine. Subsequently, we performed microarray gene expression profiling, genome-wide, to construct the pulmonary transcriptome of SHS-exposed mice, immediately after discontinuation of exposure (T0) and following 1-month (T1) and 7-month (T2) recoveries in clean air. Sub-chronic exposure of mice to SHS elicited a robust transcriptomic response, including both reversible and irreversible changes in gene expression. There were 674 differentially expressed transcripts immediately after treatment (T0), of which the majority were involved in xenobiotic metabolism, signaling, and innate immune response. Reduced, yet, substantial numbers of differentially expressed transcripts were detectable in mice after cessation of SHS-exposure (254 transcripts at T1 and 30 transcripts at T2). Top biofunctional networks disrupted in SHS-exposed mice, even after termination of exposure, were implicated in cancer, respiratory disease, and inflammatory disease. Our data show that exposure of mice to SHS induces both transient and long-lasting changes in gene expression, which impact cancer-related functional networks. The pattern of transcriptional changes in SHS-exposed mice may provide clues on the underlying mechanisms of lung tumorigenesis in nonsmokers. Our findings underscore the importance of eliminating SHS from environments where nonsmokers are unavoidably exposed to this carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Tommasi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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17
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Niimori-Kita K, Ogino K, Mikami S, Kudoh S, Koizumi D, Kudoh N, Nakamura F, Misumi M, Shimomura T, Hasegawa K, Usui F, Nagahara N, Ito T. Identification of nuclear phosphoproteins as novel tobacco markers in mouse lung tissue following short-term exposure to tobacco smoke. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:746-54. [PMID: 25349779 PMCID: PMC4208089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We analyzed nuclear phosphoprotein expression activated by tobacco smoke exposure. 253 phosphoproteins were identified in 1-day and 7-day exposure groups. Of these, 33 were significantly differentially expressed in control and exposed groups. Identified proteins were related to inflammation, response to stress and nicotine. OSF3 and spectrin β chain were identified as candidate tobacco smoke markers.
Smoking is a risk factor for lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the progression of these diseases remain unclear. Therefore, we sought to identify signaling pathways activated by tobacco-smoke exposure, by analyzing nuclear phosphoprotein expression using phosphoproteomic analysis of lung tissue from mice exposed to tobacco smoke. Sixteen mice were exposed to tobacco smoke for 1 or 7 days, and the expression of phosphorylated peptides was analyzed by mass spectrometry. A total of 253 phosphoproteins were identified, including FACT complex subunit SPT16 in the 1-day exposure group, keratin type 1 cytoskeletal 18 (K18), and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, in the 7-day exposure group, and peroxiredoxin-1 (OSF3) and spectrin β chain brain 1 (SPTBN1), in both groups. Semi-quantitative analysis of the identified phosphoproteins revealed that 33 proteins were significantly differentially expressed between the control and exposed groups. The identified phosphoproteins were classified according to their biological functions. We found that the identified proteins were related to inflammation, regeneration, repair, proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, and response to stress and nicotine. In conclusion, we identified proteins, including OSF3 and SPTBN1, as candidate tobacco smoke-exposure markers; our results provide insights into the mechanisms of tobacco smoke-induced diseases.
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Key Words
- 60s-RP, 60s ribosomal protein L10E
- AFABP, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein
- ALDH2, aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder
- CRP1, cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1
- ERK(1/2), extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2
- FACTp140, FACT complex subunit SPT16
- HIP1, Huntingtin-interacting protein 1
- IL, interleukin
- JNK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase
- Jak2, tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2
- K18, keratin type 1 cytoskeletal 18
- K8, keratin type 2 cytoskeletal 8
- LIM, LIM/homeobox protein
- MAPK3, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- Nuclear phosphoprotein
- OSF3, peroxiredoxin-1
- PKC-α, protein kinase C-α
- PRP19, pre-mRNA-processing factor 19
- Phosphoproteomic analysis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SPTBN1, spectrin β chain brain 1
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- Signaling pathways
- TGF-β, Transforming growth factor-β
- TIM, mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit Tim9
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TNFR2, tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
- TRAP1, heat shock protein 75 kDa
- Tobacco smoke exposure
- p100, serine protease P100
- pSTAT3-Tyr705, phosphorylated STAT3
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Niimori-Kita
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ogino
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Sayaka Mikami
- AMR Incorporated, 2-13-18, Nakane, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0031, Japan
| | - Shinji Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Daikai Koizumi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Noritaka Kudoh
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Fumiko Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masahiro Misumi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tadasuke Shimomura
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Usui
- AMR Incorporated, 2-13-18, Nakane, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0031, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagahara
- Isotope Research Center, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1, Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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18
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de Viron S, Morré SA, Van Oyen H, Brand A, Ouburg S. Genetic similarities between tobacco use disorder and related comorbidities: an exploratory study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:85. [PMID: 25060307 PMCID: PMC4119471 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-15-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Tobacco use disorder (TUD), defined as the use of tobacco to the detriment of a person’s health or social functioning, is associated with various disorders. We hypothesized that mutual variation in genes may partly explain this link. The aims of this study were to make a non-exhaustive inventory of the disorders using (partially) the same genetic pathways as TUD, and to describe the genetic similarities between TUD and the selected disorders. Methods We developed a 3 stage approach: (i) selection of genes influencing TUD using Gene2Mesh and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), (ii) selection of disorders associated with the selected genes using IPA and (iii) genetic similarities between disorders associated with TUD using Jaccard distance and cluster analyses. Results Fourteen disorders and thirty-two genes met our inclusion criteria. The Jaccard distance between pairs of disorders ranged from 0.00 (e.g. oesophageal cancer and malignant hypertension) to 0.45 (e.g. bladder cancer and addiction). A lower number in the Jaccard distance indicates a higher similarity between the two disorders. Two main clusters of genetically similar disorders were observed, one including coexisting disorders (e.g. addiction and alcoholism) and the other one with the side-effects of smoking (e.g. gastric cancer and malignant hypertension). Conclusions This exploratory study partly explains the potential genetic components linking TUD to other disorders. Two principle clusters of disorders were observed (i) coexisting disorders of TUD and (ii) side-effects of TUD disorders. A further deepening of this observation in a real life study should allow strengthening this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylviane de Viron
- Operational Direction Public Health and Surveillance, Scientific Institute of Public Health, J, Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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19
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IL1RN and KRT13 Expression in Bladder Cancer: Association with Pathologic Characteristics and Smoking Status. Adv Urol 2014; 2014:184602. [PMID: 25114677 PMCID: PMC4119623 DOI: 10.1155/2014/184602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To validate microarray data on cytokeratin 13 (KRT13) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) expression in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCB) and to correlate our findings with pathologic characteristics and tobacco smoking. Methods. UCB tissue samples (n = 109) and control samples (n = 14) were obtained from transurethral resection and radical cystectomy specimens. Immunohistochemical staining of KRT13 and IL1RN was performed and semiquantitative expression scores were assessed. Smoking status was evaluated using a standardized questionnaire. Expression scores were correlated with pathologic characteristics (tumor stage and grade) and with smoking status. Results. Loss of KRT13 and IL1RN expression was observed in UCB tissue samples when compared to controls (P = 0.007, P = 0.008) in which KRT13 and IL1RN expression were high. IL1RN expression was significantly reduced in muscle-invasive tumors (P = 0.003). In tissue samples of current smokers, a significant downregulation of IL1RN was found when compared to never smokers (P = 0.013). Conclusion. Decreased expressions of KRT13 and IL1RN are common features of UCB and are associated with aggressive disease. Tobacco smoking may enhance the loss of IL1RN, indicating an overweight of proinflammatory mediators involved in UCB progression. Further validation of the influence of smoking on IL1RN expression is warranted.
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20
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Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with lifestyle factors and metabolic and cardiovascular disease markers: population-based cross-sectional study (FIN-D2D). PLoS One 2014; 9:e100235. [PMID: 25000408 PMCID: PMC4085035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) level has been associated with an increased risk of several chronic diseases. Our aim was to determine lifestyle and clinical factors that are associated with 25OHD level and to investigate connection of 25OHD level with metabolic and cardiovascular disease markers. Design In total, 2868 Finnish men and women aged 45–74 years participated in FIN-D2D population-based health survey in 2007. Participants that had a serum sample available (98.4%; n = 2822) were included in this study. 25OHD was measured with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method. Results The mean 25OHD level was 58.2 nmol/l in men (n = 1348) and 57.1 nmol/l in women (n = 1474). Mean 25OHD level was lower in the younger age groups than in the older ones (p<0.0001 both in men and women). This study confirmed that low physical activity (p<0.0001 both in men and women), smoking (p = 0.0002 in men and p = 0.03 in women) and high BMI (p<0.0001 in women) are factors that independently associate with low 25OHD level. Of the metabolic and cardiovascular disease markers high triglyceride concentration (p = 0.02 in men and p = 0.001 in women) and high apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio (p = 0.04 in men and p = 0.03 in women) were independently associated with low 25OHD level. Conclusions Higher age did not predict lower 25OHD level in this study population of aged 45–74 years which may derive from a healthy life-style of “active pensioners”. Low physical activity and smoking came up as independent lifestyle factors associated with low 25OHD level. Defining the molecular mechanisms behind the associations of 25OHD with low physical activity and smoking are important objective in future studies. The association of 25OHD with BMI, high triglyceride concentration and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio may be related to the role of vitamin D in inflammation, but more detailed studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome S Brody
- 1 Department of Medicine and Pulmonary Center Boston University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts
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Goruppi S, Dotto GP. Mesenchymal stroma: primary determinant and therapeutic target for epithelial cancer. Trends Cell Biol 2013; 23:593-602. [PMID: 24074947 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multifocal and recurrent epithelial tumors, originating from either dormant or de novo cancer cells, are major causes of morbidity and mortality. The age-dependent increase of cancer incidence has long been assumed to result from the sequential accumulation of cancer-driving or -facilitating mutations with induction of cellular senescence as a protective mechanism. However, recent evidence suggests that the initiation and development of epithelial cancer results from a close interplay with its altered tissue microenvironment, with chronic inflammation, stromal senescence, autophagy, and the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) playing possible primary roles. We will discuss recent progress in these areas, and highlight how this understanding may be used for devising novel preventive and therapeutic approaches to the epithelial cancer problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 13th Street Building 149, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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McHale CM, Zhang L, Thomas R, Smith MT. Analysis of the transcriptome in molecular epidemiology studies. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2013; 54:500-517. [PMID: 23907930 PMCID: PMC5142298 DOI: 10.1002/em.21798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The human transcriptome is complex, comprising multiple transcript types, mostly in the form of non-coding RNA (ncRNA). The majority of ncRNA is of the long form (lncRNA, ≥ 200 bp), which plays an important role in gene regulation through multiple mechanisms including epigenetics, chromatin modification, control of transcription factor binding, and regulation of alternative splicing. Both mRNA and ncRNA exhibit additional variability in the form of alternative splicing and RNA editing. All aspects of the human transcriptome can potentially be dysregulated by environmental exposures. Next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is the best available methodology to measure this although it has limitations, including experimental bias. The third phase of the MicroArray Quality Control Consortium project (MAQC-III), also called Sequencing Quality Control (SeQC), aims to address these limitations through standardization of experimental and bioinformatic methodologies. A limited number of toxicogenomic studies have been conducted to date using RNA-Seq. This review describes the complexity of the human transcriptome, the application of transcriptomics by RNA-Seq or microarray in molecular epidemiology studies, and limitations of these approaches including the type of cell or tissue analyzed, experimental variation, and confounding. By using good study designs with precise, individual exposure measurements, sufficient power and incorporation of phenotypic anchors, studies in human populations can identify biomarkers of exposure and/or early effect and elucidate mechanisms of action underlying associated diseases, even at low doses. Analysis of datasets at the pathway level can compensate for some of the limitations of RNA-Seq and, as more datasets become available, will increasingly elucidate the exposure-disease continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliona M McHale
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Genes and Environment Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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De Flora S, Bartsch H. Genomic and post-genomic effects of cigarette smoke: mechanisms and implications for risk assessment and prevention strategies. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2721-3. [PMID: 23090867 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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