1
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Nguyen DHT, Utama RH, Tjandra KC, Suwannakot P, Du EY, Kavallaris M, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Tuning the Mechanical Properties of Multiarm RAFT-Based Block Copolyelectrolyte Hydrogels via Ionic Cross-Linking for 3D Cell Cultures. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:57-68. [PMID: 36514252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels that serve as native extracellular matrix (ECM) mimics are typically naturally derived hydrogels that are physically cross-linked via ionic interactions. This means rapid gelation of synthetic polymers, which give control over the chemical and physical cues in hydrogel formation. Herein, we combine the best of both systems by developing a synthetic hydrogel with ionic cross-linking of block copolyelectrolytes to rapidly create hydrogels. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization was used to synthesize oppositely charged polyelectrolyte molecules and, in turn, modulate the mechanical property of stiffness. The mechanical stiffness of a range of 900-3500 Pa was tuned by varying the number of charged ionic groups, the length of the polymer arms, and the polymer concentration. We demonstrate the synthetic polyelectrolyte hydrogel as an ECM mimic for three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cell models using MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyen H T Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Robert H Utama
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Kristel C Tjandra
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Panthipa Suwannakot
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Eric Y Du
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia.,Electron Microscopy Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, SydneyNSW2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia.,Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
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2
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Wang R, Wang X, Yin L, Yin L, Chu GCY, Hu P, Ou Y, Zhang Y, Lewis MS, Pandol SJ. Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells Acquire Heterogeneity during Successive Co-Culture with Hematopoietic and Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Cells 2022; 11:3553. [PMID: 36428982 PMCID: PMC9688235 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During disease progression and bone metastasis, breast tumor cells interact with various types of bystander cells residing in the tumor microenvironment. Such interactions prompt tumor cell heterogeneity. We used successive co-culture as an experimental model to examine cancer-bystander cell interaction. RMCF7-2, a clone of the human breast cancer MCF-7 cells tagged with a red fluorescent protein, was tracked for morphologic, behavioral, and gene expression changes. Co-cultured with various types of hematopoietic cells, RMCF7-2 adopted stable changes to a rounded shape in suspension growth of red fluorescent cells, from which derivative clones displayed marked expressional changes of marker proteins, including reduced E-cadherin and estrogen receptor α, and loss of progesterone receptor. In a successive co-culture with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, the red fluorescent clones in suspension growth changed once more, adopting an attachment growth, but in diversified shapes. Red fluorescent clones recovered from the second-round co-culture were heterogeneous in morphology, but retained the altered marker protein expression while displaying increased proliferation, migration, and xenograft tumor formation. Interaction with bystander cells caused permanent morphologic, growth behavioral, and gene expressional changes under successive co-culture, which is a powerful model for studying cancer cell heterogeneity during breast cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxiang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Liyuan Yin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lijuan Yin
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Gina Chia-Yi Chu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Peizhen Hu
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yan Ou
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael S. Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Pathology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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3
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Ruiz-Arrebola S, Tornero-López AM, Guirado D, Villalobos M, Lallena AM. An on-lattice agent-based Monte Carlo model simulating the growth kinetics of multicellular tumor spheroids. Phys Med 2020; 77:194-203. [PMID: 32882615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an on-lattice agent-based model describing the growth of multicellular tumor spheroids using simple Monte Carlo tools. METHODS Cells are situated on the vertices of a cubic grid. Different cell states (proliferative, hypoxic or dead) and cell evolution rules, driven by 10 parameters, and the effects of the culture medium are included. About twenty spheroids of MCF-7 human breast cancer were cultivated and the experimental data were used for tuning the model parameters. RESULTS Simulated spheroids showed adequate sizes of the necrotic nuclei and of the hypoxic and proliferative cell phases as a function of the growth time, mimicking the overall characteristics of the experimental spheroids. The relation between the radii of the necrotic nucleus and the whole spheroid obtained in the simulations was similar to the experimental one and the number of cells, as a function of the spheroid volume, was well reproduced. The statistical variability of the Monte Carlo model described the whole volume range observed for the experimental spheroids. Assuming that the model parameters vary within Gaussian distributions it was obtained a sample of spheroids that reproduced much better the experimental findings. CONCLUSIONS The model developed allows describing the growth of in vitro multicellular spheroids and the experimental variability can be well reproduced. Its flexibility permits to vary both the agents involved and the rules that govern the spheroid growth. More general situations, such as, e. g., tumor vascularization, radiotherapy effects on solid tumors, or the validity of the tumor growth mathematical models can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ruiz-Arrebola
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, E-39008 Santander, Spain
| | - A M Tornero-López
- Servicio de Radiofísica y Protección Radiológica, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, E-35010 Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - D Guirado
- Unidad de Radiofísica, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada/Universidad de Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - M Villalobos
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada/Universidad de Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biopatología y Medicina Regenerativa (IBIMER), Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A M Lallena
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada/Universidad de Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain.
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4
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Ahmed AA, Luo CJ, Perez-Garrido S, Browse CR, Thrasivoulou C, Stoyanov SD, Smoukov SK, Gout I. Three-dimensional cancer cell culture in high-yield multiscale scaffolds by shear spinning. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2750. [PMID: 30457210 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric scaffolds comprising two size scales of microfibers and submicron fibers can better support three-dimensional (3D) cell growth in tissue engineering, making them an important class of healthcare material. However, a major manufacturing barrier hampers their translation into wider practical use: scalability. Traditional production of two-scale scaffolds by electrospinning is slow and costly. For day-to-day cell cultures, the scaffolds need to be affordable, made in high yield to drive down cost. Combining expertise from academia and industry from the United Kingdom and United States, this study uses a new series of high-yield, low-cost scaffolds made by shear spinning for tissue engineering. The scaffolds comprise interwoven submicron fibers and microfibers throughout as observed under scanning electron microscopy and demonstrate good capability to support cell culturing for tumor modeling. Three model human cancer cell lines (HEK293, A549 and MCF-7) with stable expression of GFP were cultured in the scaffolds and found to exhibit efficient cell attachment and sustained 3D growth and proliferation for 30 days. Cryosection and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy confirmed the formation of compact 3D cell clusters throughout the scaffolds. In addition, comparative growth curves of 2D and 3D cultures show significant cell-type-dependent differences. This work applies high-yield shear-spun scaffolds in mammalian tissue engineering and brings practical, affordable applications of multiscale scaffolds closer to reality. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2750, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Ahmed
- Inst. of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - C J Luo
- Dept. of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - Sandra Perez-Garrido
- Inst. of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Connor R Browse
- Inst. of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Christopher Thrasivoulou
- Research Dept. of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Centre for Cell and Molecular Dynamics, Rockefeller Building, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Simeon D Stoyanov
- Unilever Research & Development Vlaardingen, Olivier van Noortlaan 120, 3133 AT, Vlaardingen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stoyan K Smoukov
- Dept. of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, U.K.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd., London, E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Ivan Gout
- Inst. of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K
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5
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Koshkin V, Ailles LE, Liu G, Krylov SN. Metabolic Suppression of a Drug-Resistant Subpopulation in Cancer Spheroid Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:59-65. [PMID: 26054050 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of metabolic features which distinguish cancer cells from their non-malignant counterparts is a promising approach to cancer treatment. Energy support for drug extrusion in multidrug resistance (MDR) is a potential target for metabolic inhibition. Two major sources of ATP-based metabolic energy are partial (glycolysis) and complete (mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation) oxidation of metabolic fuels. In cancer cells, the balance between them tends to be shifted toward glycolysis; this shift is considered to be characteristic of the cancer metabolic phenotype. Numerous earlier studies, conducted with cells cultured in a monolayer (2-D model), suggested inhibition of glycolytic ATP production as an efficient tool to suppress MDR in cancer cells. Yet, more recent work challenged the appropriateness of the 2-D model for such studies and suggested that a more clinically relevant approach would utilize a more advanced cellular model such as a 3-D model. Here, we show that the transition from the 2-D model (cultured monolayer) to a 3-D model (cultured spheroids) introduces essential changes into the concept of energetic suppression of MDR. The 3-D cell organization leads to the formation of a discrete cell subpopulation (not formed in the 2-D model) with elevated MDR transport capacity. This subpopulation has a specific metabolic phenotype (mixed glycolytic/oxidative MDR support) different from that of cells cultured in the 2-D model. Finally, the shift to the oxidative phenotype becomes greater when the spheroids are grown under conditions of lactic acidosis that are typical for solid tumors. The potential clinical significance of these findings is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilij Koshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Laurie E Ailles
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, N5G 1L7
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2C4
| | - Sergey N Krylov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
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6
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Koshkin V, Ailles LE, Liu G, Krylov SN. Preservation of the 3D Phenotype Upon Dispersal of Cultured Cell Spheroids Into Monolayer Cultures. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:154-162. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilij Koshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Laurie E. Ailles
- Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada N5G 1L7
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology and Haematology; Princess Margaret Hospital; Toronto Ontario Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Sergey N. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions; York University; Toronto Ontario Canada M3J 1P3
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7
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Lankelma J, Kooi B, Krab K, Dorsman JC, Joenje H, Westerhoff HV. A reason for intermittent fasting to suppress the awakening of dormant breast tumors. Biosystems 2014; 127:1-6. [PMID: 25448890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For their growth, dormant tumors, which lack angiogenesis may critically depend on gradients of nutrients and oxygen from the nearest blood vessel. Because for oxygen depletion the distance from the nearest blood vessel to depletion will generally be shorter than for glucose depletion, such tumors will contain anoxic living tumor cells. These cells are dangerous, because they are capable of inducing angiogenesis, which will "wake up" the tumor. Anoxic cells are dependent on anaerobic glucose breakdown for ATP generation. The local extracellular glucose concentration gradient is determined by the blood glucose concentration and by consumption by cells closer to the nearest blood vessel. The blood glucose concentration can be lowered by 20-40% during fasting. We calculated that glucose supply to the potentially hazardous anoxic cells can thereby be reduced significantly, resulting in cell death specifically of the anoxic tumor cells. We hypothesize that intermittent fasting will help to reduce the incidence of tumor relapse via reducing the number of anoxic tumor cells and tumor awakening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lankelma
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, Room G-226a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Bob Kooi
- Department of Theoretical Biology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Krab
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, Room G-226a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine C Dorsman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Joenje
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans V Westerhoff
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, Room G-226a, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Synthetic Systems Biology, SILS, University of Amsterdam and Manchester Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, The University of Manchester, UK
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8
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Guirado D, Aranda M, Ortiz M, Mesa JA, Zamora LI, Amaya E, Villalobos M, Lallena AM. Low-dose radiation hyper-radiosensitivity in multicellular tumour spheroids. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:1398-406. [PMID: 22972973 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/33201506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We propose and study a new model aimed at describing the low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity phenomenon appearing in the survival curves of different cell lines. METHODS The model uses the induced repair assumption, considering that the critical dose at which this mechanism begins to act varies from cell to cell in a given population. The model proposed is compared with the linear-quadratic model and the modified linear-quadratic model, which is commonly used in literature and in which the induced repair is taken into account in a heuristic way. The survival curve for the MCF-7 line of human breast cancer is measured at low absorbed doses and the uncertainties in these doses are estimated using thermoluminiscent dosemeters. RESULTS It is shown that these multicellular spheroids present low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity. The new model permits an accurate description of the data of two human cell lines (previously published) and of the multicellular spheroids of the MCF-7 line here measured. CONCLUSION The model shows enough flexibility to account for data with very different characteristics and considers in a faithful way the hypothesis of the repair induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Guirado
- Radiophysics Service, University Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
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9
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Valero JG, Sancey L, Kucharczak J, Guillemin Y, Gimenez D, Prudent J, Gillet G, Salgado J, Coll JL, Aouacheria A. Bax-derived membrane-active peptides act as potent and direct inducers of apoptosis in cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:556-64. [PMID: 21245196 PMCID: PMC3428271 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.076745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many cancer cells are primed for apoptosis, they usually develop resistance to cell death at several levels. Permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane, which is mediated by proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as Bax, is considered as a point of no return for initiating apoptotic cell death. This crucial role has placed Bcl-2 family proteins as recurrent targets for anticancer drug development. Here, we propose and demonstrate a new concept based on minimal active versions of Bax to induce cell death independently of endogenous Bcl-2 proteins. We show that membrane-active segments of Bax can directly induce the release of mitochondria-residing apoptogenic factors and commit tumor cells promptly and irreversibly to caspase-dependent apoptosis. On this basis, we designed a peptide encompassing part of the Bax pore-forming domain, which can target mitochondria, induce cytochrome c release and trigger caspase-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, this Bax-derived 'poropeptide' produced effective tumor regression after peritumoral injection in a nude mouse xenograft model. Thus, peptides derived from proteins that form pores in the mitochondrial outer membrane represent novel templates for anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Garcia Valero
- IBCP, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon]
CNRS : UMR5086Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I7 Passage du Vercors 69367 LYON CEDEX 07,FR
| | - Lucie Sancey
- Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble
INSERM : U823CHU GrenobleEFSUniversité Joseph Fourier - Grenoble IInstitut Albert Bonniot, BP170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9,FR
| | - Jérôme Kucharczak
- IBCP, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon]
CNRS : UMR5086Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I7 Passage du Vercors 69367 LYON CEDEX 07,FR
| | - Yannis Guillemin
- IBCP, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon]
CNRS : UMR5086Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I7 Passage du Vercors 69367 LYON CEDEX 07,FR
| | - Diana Gimenez
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
Universidad de ValenciaPolígono La Coma, s/n, 46980 Paterna, Valencia,ES
| | - Julien Prudent
- IBCP, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon]
CNRS : UMR5086Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I7 Passage du Vercors 69367 LYON CEDEX 07,FR
| | - Germain Gillet
- IBCP, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon]
CNRS : UMR5086Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I7 Passage du Vercors 69367 LYON CEDEX 07,FR
| | - Jesús Salgado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
Universidad de ValenciaPolígono La Coma, s/n, 46980 Paterna, Valencia,ES
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
Universidad de ValenciaC/ Doctor Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia,ES
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble
INSERM : U823CHU GrenobleEFSUniversité Joseph Fourier - Grenoble IInstitut Albert Bonniot, BP170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9,FR
| | - Abdel Aouacheria
- IBCP, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon]
CNRS : UMR5086Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I7 Passage du Vercors 69367 LYON CEDEX 07,FR
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10
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Medina LA, Herrera-Penilla BI, Castro-Morales MA, García-López P, Jurado R, Pérez-Cárdenas E, Chanona-Vilchis J, Brandan ME. Use of an orthovoltage X-ray treatment unit as a radiation research system in a small-animal cancer model. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2008; 27:57. [PMID: 18957119 PMCID: PMC2586013 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-27-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background We explore the use of a clinical orthovoltage X-ray treatment unit as a small-animal radiation therapy system in a tumoral model of cervical cancer. Methods Nude mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 5 × 106 HeLa cells in both lower limbs. When tumor volume approximated 200 mm3 treatment was initiated. Animals received four 2 mg/kg intraperitoneal cycles (1/week) of cisplatin and/or 6.25 mg/kg of gemcitabine, concomitant with radiotherapy. Tumors were exposed to 2.5 Gy/day nominal surface doses (20 days) of 150 kV X-rays. Lead collimators with circular apertures (0.5 to 1.5 cm diameter) were manufactured and mounted on the applicator cone to restrict the X-ray beam onto tumors. X-ray penetration and conformality were evaluated by measuring dose at the surface and behind the tumor lobe by using HS GafChromic film. Relative changes in tumor volume (RTV) and a clonogenic assay were used to evaluate the therapeutic response of the tumor, and relative weight loss was used to assess toxicity of the treatments. Results No measurable dose was delivered outside of the collimator apertures. The analysis suggests that dose inhomogeneities in the tumor reach up to ± 11.5% around the mean tumor dose value, which was estimated as 2.2 Gy/day. Evaluation of the RTV showed a significant reduction of the tumor volume as consequence of the chemoradiotherapy treatment; results also show that toxicity was well tolerated by the animals. Conclusion Results and procedures described in the present work have shown the usefulness and convenience of the orthovoltage X-ray system for animal model radiotherapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Alberto Medina
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México D,F, 04510, Mexico.
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11
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Friedrich J, Ebner R, Kunz-Schughart LA. Experimental anti-tumor therapy in 3-D: spheroids--old hat or new challenge? Int J Radiat Biol 2008; 83:849-71. [PMID: 18058370 DOI: 10.1080/09553000701727531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To give a state-of-the-art overview on the promise of three-dimensional (3-D) culture systems for anticancer drug development, with particular emphasis on multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Cell-based assays have become an integral component in many stages of routine anti-tumor drug testing. However, they are almost always based on homogenous monolayer or suspension cultures and thus represent a rather artificial cellular environment. 3-D cultures--such as the well established spheroid culture system--better reflect the in vivo behavior of cells in tumor tissues and are increasingly recognized as valuable advanced tools for evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic intervention. The present article summarizes past and current applications and particularly discusses technological challenges, required improvements and recent progress with the use of the spheroid model in experimental therapeutics, as a basis for sophisticated drug/therapy screening. A brief overview is given focusing on the nomenclature of spherical 3-D cultures, their potential to mimic many aspects of the pathophysiological situation in tumors, and currently available protocols for culturing and analysis. A list of spheroid-forming epithelial cancer cell lines of different origin is provided and the recent trend to use spheroids for testing combination treatment strategies is highlighted. Finally, various spheroid co-culture approaches are presented that have been established to study heterologous cell interactions in solid tumors and thereby are able to reflect the cellular tumor environment with increasing accuracy. The intriguing observation that in order to retain certain tumor initiating cell properties, some primary tumor cell populations must be maintained exclusively in 3-D culture is mentioned, adding a new but fascinating challenge for future therapeutic campaigns.
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12
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Guirado D, Aranda M, Vilches M, Villalobos M, Lallena AM. Dose dependence of the growth rate of multicellular tumour spheroids after irradiation. Br J Radiol 2003; 76:109-16. [PMID: 12642279 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/30772617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated differences in the growth rate of multicellular tumour spheroids of the MCF-7 line of human breast cancer before and after their irradiation. Growth of the spheroids was analysed according to a model based on a Gompertz function. In this model, normalization to a common initial volume is achieved in a way that enables meaningful comparisons to be made between the results obtained for each spheroid. For irradiated spheroids the model includes an additional term to take account of sterilized cells. We found that the growth rate observed before irradiation is not fully recovered by irradiated spheroids and that growth recovery reduces with higher irradiation doses. Surviving fractions obtained at doses below 3 Gy are comparable with those found in clonogenic assays on spheroids of the same cellular line. At larger doses, discrepancies between the different studies are considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Guirado
- Departamento de Radiología, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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13
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Yahata T, Shao W, Endoh H, Hur J, Coser KR, Sun H, Ueda Y, Kato S, Isselbacher KJ, Brown M, Shioda T. Selective coactivation of estrogen-dependent transcription by CITED1 CBP/p300-binding protein. Genes Dev 2001; 15:2598-612. [PMID: 11581164 PMCID: PMC312794 DOI: 10.1101/gad.906301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CITED1, a CBP/p300-binding nuclear protein that does not bind directly to DNA, is a transcriptional coregulator. Here, we show evidence that CITED1 functions as a selective coactivator for estrogen-dependent transcription. When transfected, CITED1 enhanced transcriptional activation by the ligand-binding/AF2 domain of both estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and ERbeta in an estrogen-dependent manner, but it affected transcriptional activities of other nuclear receptors only marginally. CITED1 bound directly to ERalpha in an estrogen-dependent manner through its transactivating domain, and this binding activity was separable from its p300-binding activity. CITED1 was strongly expressed in nulliparous mouse mammary epithelial cells and, when expressed in ER-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells by transduction, exogenous CITED1 enhanced sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to estrogen, stabilizing the estrogen-dependent interaction between p300 and ERalpha. The estrogen-induced expression of the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) mRNA transcript was enhanced in the CITED1-expressing MCF-7 cells, whereas estrogen-induced expression of the mRNA transcripts for progesterone receptor or pS2 was not affected. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that endogenous CITED1 is recruited to the chromosomal TGF-alpha promoter in MCF-7 cells in an estrogen-dependent manner but not to the pS2 promoter. These results suggest that CITED1 may play roles in regulation of estrogen sensitivity in a gene-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yahata
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Neshasteh-Riz A, Angerson WJ, Reeves JR, Smith G, Rampling R, Mairs RJ. Incorporation of iododeoxyuridine in multicellular glioma spheroids: implications for DNA-targeted radiotherapy using Auger electron emitters. Br J Cancer 1997; 75:493-9. [PMID: 9052399 PMCID: PMC2063300 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1997.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A promising new treatment for glioma involves Auger electron emitters such as 125I or 123I conjugated to deoxyuridine (IUdR). However, the presence in tumour deposits of non-proliferating cells with clonogenic potential poses a major limitation to this cycle-specific therapy. We have used multicellular tumour spheroids derived from the human glioma cell line UVW to study [125I]IUdR-targeted radiotherapy in aggregates containing cells in different proliferative states. Autoradiographic identification of labelled cells indicated that nuclear incorporation of [125I]IUdR decreased markedly with increasing size of spheroid. IUdR incorporation was maximal in the surface layer of cells and decreased with depth within spheroids. Radiopharmaceutical uptake corresponded closely to the regions of cell cycling as indicated by staining for the nuclear antigen Ki67. The uptake of drug was enhanced by increasing the duration of incubation from 52 h to 104 h. These observations suggest that significant sparing of non-cycling malignant cells would result from treatment delivered as a single injection of radiolabelled IUdR. To achieve maximal therapeutic effect. IUdR should be administered by multiple injections, by slow release from biodegradable implants or by slow-pump delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Neshasteh-Riz
- Department of Clinical Physics, West Glasgow Hospitals NHS Trust, CRC Beatson Laboratories, UK
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15
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Villalobos M, Becerra D, Núñez MI, Valenzuela MT, Siles E, Olea N, Pedraza V, Ruiz de Almodóvar JM. Radiosensitivity of human breast cancer cell lines of different hormonal responsiveness. Modulatory effects of oestradiol. Int J Radiat Biol 1996; 70:161-9. [PMID: 8794845 DOI: 10.1080/095530096145157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Treatments which inhibit or retard progression of the cell through the cell cycle have been reported to reduce the effectiveness of ionizing radiation by increasing cellular radioresistance. We studied cellular radiosensitivity and radiation-induced DNA damage (double-strand break, dsb) in both hormone-sensitive and non-sensitive human breast cancer cell lines. After 72h of culture in an oestradiol-deprived medium, MCF-7 BUS and T47D B8 breast cancer cells showed a significant delay in growth, whereas no effect was seen in EVSA-T cell line. In oestradiol-free medium, MGF-7 BUS cells were arrested mainly in G(zero)/G1 phase (85-90% in G(zero)/G1, 5-7% in S, and 6-8% in G2/M). The growth-delayed MCF-7 BUS cells showed reduced radiosensitivity (survival fraction at 2 Gy, SF2 = 63%; initial DNA damage 1.00 dsb/Gy/DNA unit) in comparison with proliferating cells (SF2 = 33%, initial DNA damage 2.70 dsb/Gy/DNA unit). The radio-protective effect of oestrogen deprivation was abolished by rescuing MCF-7 cells with oestrogen-containing medium. At 24h after rescue, MCF-7 BUS cells reached a cell cycle distribution close to that found under standard culture conditions and their radiosensitivity was correspondingly increased (SF2 = 40%, DNA damage = 2.52 dsb/Gy/DNA unit). Our findings indicate that: (1) sensitivity to radiation and the proportion of proliferating cells are probably related, and (2) differences in radiosensitivity reflect differences in radiation-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Villalobos
- Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Hospital Universitario de Granada, Facultad de Medicina, Spain
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Müller-Holzner E, Marth C, Zeimet AG, Hofstädter F, Daxenbichler G. Effects of sex- and glucocorticoid steroids on breast cancer cells grown as either multicellular tumor spheroids or monolayers. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1996; 58:13-9. [PMID: 8809182 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(96)81485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of estradiol, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) dexamethasone, dihydrotestosterone and the antihormones 4-OH tamoxifen and RU 38486 were studied in two established breast carcinoma cell lines, the estrogen-sensitive ZR-75-1 and the estrogen-independent BT 20 cells applying two different in vitro systems, spheroid and monolayer cell culture in steroid deprived medium. Growth of ZR-75-1 spheroids was dramatically stimulated by the addition of estradiol, an effect which was neutralized by the simultaneous addition of 4-OH tamoxifen. The antiestrogen alone as well as dihydrotestosterone and MPA reduced ZR-75-1 spheroid growth significantly. While growth of BT 20 spheroids was only transiently inhibited by tamoxifen and dihydrotestosterone, a persistent increase in BT 20 spheroid growth was observed under MPA treatment in a concentration of 1 microM. This effect, although statistically significant, was very moderate. With the exception of this finding, growth effects of the different test compounds were similar in both in vitro systems, tumor spheroids and monolayer cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Müller-Holzner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Petersen OW, Rønnov-Jessen L, Bissell MJ. The Microenvironment of the Breast: Three-Dimensional Models to Study the Roles of the Stroma and the Extracellular Matrix in Function and Dysfunction. Breast J 1995. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4741.1995.tb00215.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Villalobos M, Aranda M, Nuñez MI, Becerra D, Olea N, Ruiz de Almodovar M, Pedraza V. Interaction between ionizing radiation, estrogens and antiestrogens in the modification of tumor microenvironment in estrogen dependent multicellular spheroids. Acta Oncol 1995; 34:413-7. [PMID: 7779433 DOI: 10.3109/02841869509094000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
MCF7 human breast cancer cells growing as multicellular spheroids were examined as a model of three-dimensional cellular organization. Estrogen-free medium inhibited spheroid formation. In medium containing estrogens, the antiestrogen hydroxytamoxifen decreased the spheroid growth rate. Analyses with the recursion formula after Gompertz fitting showed that the rate of exponential decrease in growth rate (alpha) was alpha 0.099 +/- 0.013 d-1, and the decrease in alpha' was 0.061 +/- 0.015 d-1 for 0.1 microM hydroxytamoxifen and control spheroids respectively. MCF7 cells which had been growth arrested in an estrogen-free medium showed a significant decrease in radiosensitivity (surviving fraction at 2 Gy, SF2 = 63%) when compared with 0.1 nM 17 beta-estradiol-treated cells (SF2 = 38%). No differences in radiosensitivity were seen in MCF7 spheroids in estrogen-supplemented medium (radiation dose necessary to control 50% of spheroids (SCD50) was 5.51 Gy; derived alpha, beta and SF2 were 0.301 +/- 0.110 Gy-1, 0.018 +/- 0.005 Gy-2, and 51% respectively) when compared with monolayer cultures in the same medium (alpha = 0.316 +/- 0.059 Gy-1, beta = 0.023 +/- 0.006 Gy-2 and SF2 = 50%). In the spheroid model, manipulating the cellular environment, i.e., with estrogen treatment, modulates sensitivity to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Villalobos
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
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Olea N, Villalobos M, Nuñez MI, Elvira J, Ruiz de Almodóvar JM, Pedraza V. Evaluation of the growth rate of MCF-7 breast cancer multicellular spheroids using three mathematical models. Cell Prolif 1994; 27:213-23. [PMID: 10465016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.1994.tb01418.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth data on 60 multicellular spheroids of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells were fitted, on an individual basis, by the Gompertz, Bertalanffy and logistic equations. MCF-7 spheroids, initiated and grown in medium containing oestrogens, exhibited a growth rate that decreased continuously as spheroid size increased. Plots of spheroid volume v. time generated sigmoid curves that showed an early portion with an approximately exponential volume increase; a middle region or retardation phase characterized by a continuously decreasing growth rate; and, finally, a late segment or plateau phase approaching zero growth rate, that permitted an estimate of the maximum spheroid size (Vmax). Growth curves generated by MCF-7 spheroids under different experimental conditions (hormones, drugs and radiation exposures) can be compared after normalization. Linearized forms of the fitted Gompertz curves provided a convenient way to express differences in growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Olea
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain
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Beaupain R, Prévost G, Mainguené C, Lainé-Bidron C, Tamboise A, Tamboise E. Continuous three-dimensional cultures of MCF-7 cells in serum free medium. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1993; 29A:893-8. [PMID: 8167907 DOI: 10.1007/bf02634222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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