1
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Hersey P, Tseng HY, Alavi S, Tiffen J. X and Y Differences in Melanoma Survival Between the Sexes. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024. [PMID: 39180225 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Marked differences in survival from melanoma are noted between men and women that cannot be accounted for by behavioral differences. We and others have provided evidence that this difference may be due to increased expression of immune-related genes from the second X chromosome because of failure of X inactivation. In the present review, we have examined evidence for the contrary view that survival differences are due to weaker immune responses in males. One reason for this may be the loss of Y chromosomes (LOY), particularly in older males. The genes involved may have direct roles in immune responses or be noncoding RNAs that regulate both sex and autosomal genes involved in immune responses or tumor growth. Loss of the KDM6C and KDM5D demethylases appeared to common genes involved. The second factor appears to be the activation of androgen receptors (AR) on melanoma cells that increase their invasiveness and growth. Induction of T-cell exhaustion by AR that limits immune responses against melanoma appeared a common finding. The development of treatments to overcome effects related to gene loss on Y poses challenges, but several avenues related to AR signaling appear worthy of further study in the treatment of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Immunology and Oncology Program, the Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hsin-Yi Tseng
- Melanoma Epigenetics Lab, the Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sara Alavi
- Melanoma Epigenetics Lab, the Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessamy Tiffen
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Melanoma Epigenetics Lab, the Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Li L, Jin T, Hu L, Ding J. Alternative splicing regulation and its therapeutic potential in bladder cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1402350. [PMID: 39132499 PMCID: PMC11310127 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1402350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality globally. The development of bladder cancer is closely associated with alternative splicing, which regulates human gene expression and enhances the diversity of functional proteins. Alternative splicing is a distinctive feature of bladder cancer, and as such, it may hold promise as a therapeutic target. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the current knowledge of alternative splicing in the context of bladder cancer. We review the process of alternative splicing and its regulation in bladder cancer. Moreover, we emphasize the significance of abnormal alternative splicing and splicing factor irregularities during bladder cancer progression. Finally, we explore the impact of alternative splicing on bladder cancer drug resistance and the potential of alternative splicing as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Li
- College of Medicine, Jinhua University of Vocational Technology, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Wu J, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Mao X, Wu T, Hao M, Zhang S, Meng Y, Wan X, Qiu L, Han J. KDM6A-SND1 interaction maintains genomic stability by protecting the nascent DNA and contributes to cancer chemoresistance. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:7665-7686. [PMID: 38850159 PMCID: PMC11260493 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is one of the hallmarks of cancer. While loss of histone demethylase KDM6A increases the risk of tumorigenesis, its specific role in maintaining genomic stability remains poorly understood. Here, we propose a mechanism in which KDM6A maintains genomic stability independently on its demethylase activity. This occurs through its interaction with SND1, resulting in the establishment of a protective chromatin state that prevents replication fork collapse by recruiting of RPA and Ku70 to nascent DNA strand. Notably, KDM6A-SND1 interaction is up-regulated by KDM6A SUMOylation, while KDM6AK90A mutation almost abolish the interaction. Loss of KDM6A or SND1 leads to increased enrichment of H3K9ac and H4K8ac but attenuates the enrichment of Ku70 and H3K4me3 at nascent DNA strand. This subsequently results in enhanced cellular sensitivity to genotoxins and genomic instability. Consistent with these findings, knockdown of KDM6A and SND1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells increases genotoxin sensitivity. Intriguingly, KDM6A H101D & P110S, N1156T and D1216N mutations identified in ESCC patients promote genotoxin resistance via increased SND1 association. Our finding provides novel insights into the pivotal role of KDM6A-SND1 in genomic stability and chemoresistance, implying that targeting KDM6A and/or its interaction with SND1 may be a promising strategy to overcome the chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yixin Jiang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaobing Mao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengqiu Hao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Meng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaowen Wan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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4
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Cioffi L, Grassi D, Diviccaro S, Caruso D, Pinto-Benito D, Arevalo MA, Garcia-Segura LM, Melcangi RC, Giatti S. Sex chromosome complement interacts with gonadal hormones in determining regional-specific neuroactive steroid levels in plasma, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. A study using the four core genotype mouse model. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 241:106514. [PMID: 38554982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
An important aspect of the neuromodulatory and neuroprotective actions exerted by neuroactive steroids is that they are sex-specific, as determined by the sexually dimorphic levels of these molecules in plasma and the nervous tissue. Thus, the identification of the factors that generate the sex-dimorphic levels of neuroactive steroids may be crucial from a neuroprotectant perspective. The main driver for sex determination in mammals is the SRY gene and the subsequent presence of a specific gonad: testes for males and ovaries for females, thus producing hormonal compounds, primarily androgens and estrogens, respectively. Nowadays, it is well established that despite the relevance of gonads, other factors control sexual features, and, among them, sex chromosome complement is highly relevant. In this study, neuroactive steroids were evaluated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, and plasma of the four core genotype mouse model, to determine the relative contribution of sex chromosome complement and gonads in determining their sex dimorphic levels. The data obtained reveal that although gonads are the main contributing factor for sex differences in neuroactive steroid levels, the levels of some neuroactive steroids, including testosterone, are also influenced in brain and plasma by tissue-specific actions of sex chromosomes. The data presented here adds a new piece to the puzzle of steroid level regulation, which may be useful in designing sex-specific neuroprotective approaches to pathological conditions affecting the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cioffi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
| | - Daniela Grassi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Silvia Diviccaro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
| | - Daniel Pinto-Benito
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Arevalo
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Cajal Institute, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Roberto Cosimo Melcangi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
| | - Silvia Giatti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Itlay
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5
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Zhang D, Zhao X, Gao Y, Wang M, Xiao M, Zhu K, Niu W, Dai Y. Inactivation of KDM6A promotes the progression of colorectal cancer by enhancing the glycolysis. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:310. [PMID: 38840262 PMCID: PMC11155098 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
KDM6A (lysine demethylase 6A) has been reported to undergo inactivating mutations in colorectal cancer, but its function in the progression of colorectal cancer has not been evaluated using animal models of colorectal cancer. In this study, we found that knocking out KDM6A expression in mouse intestinal epithelium increased the length of villus and crypt, promoting the development of AOM (azoxymethane)/DSS (dextran sulfate sodium salt)-induced colorectal cancer. On the other hand, knocking down KDM6A expression promoted the growth of colorectal cancer cells. In molecular mechanism studies, we found that KDM6A interacts with HIF-1α; knocking down KDM6A promotes the binding of HIF-1α to the LDHA promoter, thereby promoting LDHA expression and lactate production, enhancing glycolysis. Knocking down LDHA reversed the malignant phenotype caused by KDM6A expression loss. In summary, this study using animal models revealed that KDM6A loss promotes the progression of colorectal cancer through reprogramming the metabolism of the colorectal cancer cells, suggesting that restoring the function of KDM6A is likely to be one of the strategies for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiang Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 966th, Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhao
- Women Health Care Department, Hainan Women and Children Medical Center, Haikou, 570312, Hainan, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, Minhang, 106th, Ruili Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Meixing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, Minhang, 106th, Ruili Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mi Xiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, Minhang, 106th, Ruili Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Kaihua Zhu
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, 966th, Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, Minhang, 106th, Ruili Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Yuedi Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, Minhang, 106th, Ruili Rd., Shanghai, 200240, China.
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6
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Feng M, Chai C, Hao X, Lai X, Luo Y, Zhang H, Tang W, Gao N, Pan G, Liu X, Wang Y, Xiong W, Wu Q, Wang J. Inherited KDM6A A649T facilitates tumor-immune escape and exacerbates colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma outcomes. Oncogene 2024; 43:1757-1768. [PMID: 38622203 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03029-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Childhood onset of colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma (CR-SRCC) is extremely rare and featured as highly malignant with poor prognosis. Here we reported a CR-SRCC case of 11-year-old boy with a novel inherited X-linked KDM6AA694T mutation. The H3K27me3 demethylase KDM6A was frequently mutated in varieties of tumors and acts as a tumor suppressor. In vivo H3K27me3 demethylation assay demonstrated that KDM6AA694T had dampened H3K27me3 demethylase activity. Overexpression of KDM6AA694T in SRCC cell line KATO3 promoted cell proliferation, invasion and migration, which were further confirmed in vivo by constructing orthotopic tumor growth and lung metastasis model. Besides, expression of KDM6AA694T in immune cells suppresses inflammatory macrophage response and effector T cell response. In conclusion, we characterized a novel inherited KDM6AA694T mutant from a childhood-onset SRCC case and demonstrated that the mutant with impaired H3K27me3 demethylase activity could potentiate tumor malignancy and suppress antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxiao Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Chengwei Chai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511442, China.
| | - Xiaodong Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, Dezhou, 253000, China
| | - Xiaojiang Lai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Wenzhu Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Ningxin Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Guihong Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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7
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Schniewind I, Besso MJ, Klicker S, Schwarz FM, Hadiwikarta WW, Richter S, Löck S, Linge A, Krause M, Dubrovska A, Baumann M, Kurth I, Peitzsch C. Epigenetic Targeting to Overcome Radioresistance in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:730. [PMID: 38398123 PMCID: PMC10886471 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The sensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to ionizing radiation, among others, is determined by the number of cells with high clonogenic potential and stem-like features. These cellular characteristics are dynamically regulated in response to treatment and may lead to an enrichment of radioresistant cells with a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly DNA and histone methylation, are key regulators of gene-specific transcription and cellular plasticity. Therefore, we hypothesized that specific epigenetic targeting may prevent irradiation-induced plasticity and may sensitize HNSCC cells to radiotherapy. (2) Methods: We compared the DNA methylome and intracellular concentrations of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites in radioresistant FaDu and Cal33 cell lines with their parental controls, as well as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive CSCs with negative controls. Moreover, we conducted a screen of a chemical library targeting enzymes involved in epigenetic regulation in combination with irradiation and analyzed the clonogenic potential, sphere formation, and DNA repair capacity to identify compounds with both radiosensitizing and CSC-targeting potential. (3) Results: We identified the histone demethylase inhibitor GSK-J1, which targets UTX (KDM6A) and JMJD3 (KDM6B), leading to increased H3K27 trimethylation, heterochromatin formation, and gene silencing. The clonogenic survival assay after siRNA-mediated knock-down of both genes radiosensitized Cal33 and SAS cell lines. Moreover, high KDM6A expression in tissue sections of patients with HNSCC was associated with improved locoregional control after primary (n = 137) and post-operative (n = 187) radio/chemotherapy. Conversely, high KDM6B expression was a prognostic factor for reduced overall survival. (4) Conclusions: Within this study, we investigated cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying irradiation-induced cellular plasticity, a key inducer of radioresistance, with a focus on epigenetic alterations. We identified UTX (KDM6A) as a putative prognostic and therapeutic target for HNSCC patients treated with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Schniewind
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (I.S.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria José Besso
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Radiooncology/Radiobiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klicker
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (I.S.)
| | - Franziska Maria Schwarz
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wahyu Wijaya Hadiwikarta
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Radiooncology/Radiobiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susan Richter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Löck
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (I.S.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (I.S.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (I.S.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Radiooncology/Radiobiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Kurth
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division Radiooncology/Radiobiology, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Peitzsch
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (I.S.)
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden University of Technology, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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8
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Pei J, Zhang J, Cong Q. Computational analysis of protein-protein interactions of cancer drivers in renal cell carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:112-126. [PMID: 37964489 PMCID: PMC10761929 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer with rising cases in recent years. Extensive research has identified various cancer driver proteins associated with different subtypes of RCC. Most RCC drivers are encoded by tumor suppressor genes and exhibit enrichment in functional categories such as protein degradation, chromatin remodeling, and transcription. To further our understanding of RCC, we utilized powerful deep-learning methods based on AlphaFold to predict protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involving RCC drivers. We predicted high-confidence complexes formed by various RCC drivers, including TCEB1, KMT2C/D and KDM6A of the COMPASS-related complexes, TSC1 of the MTOR pathway, and TRRAP. These predictions provide valuable structural insights into the interaction interfaces, some of which are promising targets for cancer drug design, such as the NRF2-MAFK interface. Cancer somatic missense mutations from large datasets of genome sequencing of RCCs were mapped to the interfaces of predicted and experimental structures of PPIs involving RCC drivers, and their effects on the binding affinity were evaluated. We observed more than 100 cancer somatic mutations affecting the binding affinity of complexes formed by key RCC drivers such as VHL and TCEB1. These findings emphasize the importance of these mutations in RCC pathogenesis and potentially offer new avenues for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Pei
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Department of BiophysicsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Department of BiophysicsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Qian Cong
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and DevelopmentUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Department of BiophysicsUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
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9
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Krauß L, Schneider C, Hessmann E, Saur D, Schneider G. Epigenetic control of pancreatic cancer metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1113-1131. [PMID: 37659057 PMCID: PMC10713713 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection, when combined with chemotherapy, has been shown to significantly improve the survival rate of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, this treatment option is only feasible for a fraction of patients, as more than 50% of cases are diagnosed with metastasis. The multifaceted process of metastasis is still not fully understood, but recent data suggest that transcriptional and epigenetic plasticity play significant roles. Interfering with epigenetic reprogramming can potentially control the adaptive processes responsible for metastatic progression and therapy resistance, thereby enhancing treatment responses and preventing recurrence. This review will focus on the relevance of histone-modifying enzymes in pancreatic cancer, specifically on their impact on the metastatic cascade. Additionally, it will also provide a brief update on the current clinical developments in epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Krauß
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Carolin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Hessmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinical Research Unit 5002, KFO5002, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- CCC-N (Comprehensive Cancer Center Lower Saxony), 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Institute for Translational Cancer Research and Experimental Cancer Therapy, Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- CCC-N (Comprehensive Cancer Center Lower Saxony), 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
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10
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Sun W, Lee KL, Poellinger L, Masai H, Kato H. Catalytic domain-dependent and -independent transcriptional activities of the tumour suppressor histone H3K27 demethylase UTX/KDM6A in specific cancer types. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2222245. [PMID: 37300822 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2222245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone H3K27 demethylase, UTX/KDM6A, plays a critical role in the early development of vertebrates, and mutations are frequently found in various cancers. Several studies on developmental and cancer biology have focused on preferential transcriptional regulation by UTX independently of its H3K27 demethylase catalytic activity. Here, we analysed gene expression profiles of wild-type (WT) UTX and a catalytic activity-defective mutant in 786-O and HCT116 cells and confirmed that catalytic activity-dependent and -independent regulation contributes to the expression of most of the target genes. Indeed, the catalytic activity-defective mutant indeed suppressed colony formation similar to the WT in our assay system. However, the expression of several genes was significantly dependent on the catalytic activity of UTX in a cell type-specific manner, which could account for the inherent variation in the transcriptional landscape of various cancer types. The promoter/enhancer regions of the catalytic activity-dependent genes identified here were found to be preferentially modified with H3K4me1 and less with H3K27me3 than those of the independent genes. These findings, combined with previous reports, highlight not only the understanding of determinants for the catalytic activity dependency but also the development and application of pharmaceutical agents targeting the H3K27 or H3K4 modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Sun
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapoe, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapoe, Republic of Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Lorenz Poellinger
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapoe, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hisao Masai
- Genome Dynamics Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapoe, Republic of Singapore
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11
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Rock KD, Folts LM, Zierden HC, Marx-Rattner R, Leu NA, Nugent BM, Bale TL. Developmental transcriptomic patterns can be altered by transgenic overexpression of Uty. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21082. [PMID: 38030664 PMCID: PMC10687263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic material encoded on X and Y chromosomes provides the foundation by which biological sex differences are established. Epigenetic regulators expressed on these sex chromosomes, including Kdm6a (Utx), Kdm5c, and Ddx3x have far-reaching impacts on transcriptional control of phenotypic sex differences. Although the functionality of UTY (Kdm6c, the Y-linked homologue of UTX), has been supported by more recent studies, its role in developmental sex differences is not understood. Here we test the hypothesis that UTY is an important transcriptional regulator during development that could contribute to sex-specific phenotypes and disease risks across the lifespan. We generated a random insertion Uty transgenic mouse (Uty-Tg) to overexpress Uty. By comparing transcriptomic profiles in developmental tissues, placenta and hypothalamus, we assessed potential UTY functional activity, comparing Uty-expressing female mice (XX + Uty) with wild-type male (XY) and female (XX) mice. To determine if Uty expression altered physiological or behavioral outcomes, adult mice were phenotypically examined. Uty expression masculinized female gene expression patterns in both the placenta and hypothalamus. Gene ontology (GO) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) consistently identified pathways including immune and synaptic signaling as biological processes associated with UTY. Interestingly, adult females expressing Uty gained less weight and had a greater glucose tolerance compared to wild-type male and female mice when provided a high-fat diet. Utilizing a Uty-overexpressing transgenic mouse, our results provide novel evidence as to a functional transcriptional role for UTY in developing tissues, and a foundation to build on its prospective capacity to influence sex-specific developmental and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie D Rock
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Lillian M Folts
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hannah C Zierden
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Ruth Marx-Rattner
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Nicolae Adrian Leu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bridget M Nugent
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Tracy L Bale
- Center for Epigenetic Research in Child Health and Brain Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, CU Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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12
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Yang C, Li F, Ren Y, Zhang Q, Jiao B, Zhang J, Huang J. Targeting Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Combining Copper Ionophore Disulfiram and JMJD3/UTX Inhibitor GSK J4. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5347. [PMID: 38001607 PMCID: PMC10670038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The alcohol-averse drug disulfiram has been reported to have anti-tumor effects and is well suited for drug combinations. In order to identify potential drug combinations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we screened a bioactive compound library with the disulfiram copper chelation product CuET. The Jumonji domain-containing protein 3 (JMJD3) and the ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat protein X-linked (UTX) inhibitor GSK J4 were identified. To further understand the molecular mechanism underlying the efficient drug combination, we applied quantitative mass spectrometry to analyze the signaling pathway perturbation after drug treatment. The data revealed that the synergistic effect of GSK J4 and CuET was due to the interaction among JMJD3 and UTX, which may play important roles in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis in tumor cells. Interestingly, our clinical data analysis showed that high expression of JMJD3 and UTX was associated with T stage and worse prognosis of ESCC patients, further supporting the importance of the above findings. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the combination of CuET and targeting JMJD3/UTX may be a safe, effective, and available treatment for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canlin Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, China; (C.Y.); (F.L.); (Y.R.)
- Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, China; (C.Y.); (F.L.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, China; (C.Y.); (F.L.); (Y.R.)
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Q.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Bo Jiao
- National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; (Q.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junxing Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou 225300, China; (C.Y.); (F.L.); (Y.R.)
- Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Taizhou 225300, China
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13
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Song M, Li J, Sun J, Yang X, Zhang X, Lv K, Xu Y, Shi J. DNMT1-mediated DNA methylation in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inactivates NF-κB signal pathway-triggered pyroptotic cell death and cellular inflammation to ameliorate lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced osteomyelitis. Mol Cell Probes 2023; 71:101922. [PMID: 37459905 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a critical role in various human diseases, and was associated with pyroptotic cell death and inflammatory responses. DNA methylation, which has stable and reversible properties, has been reported to alter the expression of target genes, including TLR4. However, the role of methylated TLR4 in osteomyelitis (OM) and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. RNA sequencing was used to identify differentially expressed genes and associated signaling pathways. RT-qPCR, Western blot, emzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and LDH assay kit were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of relevant genes, cell viability and the LDH activity, respectively. TLR4 methylation was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and verified by Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Here, we found that DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1)-mediated TLR4 demethylation significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced pyroptosis and inflammatory response by inhibiting the TLR4/nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) axis. First, we confirmed TLR4 as the study target by mRNA transcriptome sequencing analysis, and TLR4 was observably high-expressed in both OM patients and LPS-treated osteoblastic MC3T3-E1. Then, we found that downregulation of DNMT1 blocked TLR4 promoter methylation modification, resulting in upregulation of TLR4. Simultaneously, functional experiments indicated that suppression of TLR4 or overexpression of DNMT1 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell pyroptosis and inflammation in LPS-induced MC3T3-E1, while upregulation of TLR4 restored the effects of DNMT1 silencing on OM progression. In addition, TLR4 elevated phosphorylation of IκB-α and NF-κB p65 in the NF-κB signal pathway, and inhibition of TLR4 or the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC reversed the influence of inhibition of DNMT1. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that DNMT1-mediated TLR4 DNA methylation alleviated LPS-induced OM by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muguo Song
- Kunming Medical University Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China; Department of Orthopaedics, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Junyi Li
- Kunming Medical University Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China; Department of Orthopaedics, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Jian Sun
- Kunming Medical University Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China; Department of Orthopaedics, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Xijiao Zhang
- Kunming Medical University Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China; Department of Orthopaedics, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Kehan Lv
- Kunming Medical University Graduate School, Kunming, 650500, China; Department of Orthopaedics, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Yongqing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, 650032, China.
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA, Kunming, 650032, China.
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14
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Chen M, Fan L, Wu G, Wang H, Gu S. Histone methyltransferase enzyme enhancer of zeste homolog 2 counteracts ischemic brain injury via H3K27me3-mediated regulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2240-2255. [PMID: 37334851 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic histone methylation plays a crucial role in cerebral ischemic injury, particularly in the context of ischemic stroke. However, the complete understanding of regulators involved in histone methylation, such as Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), along with their functional effects and underlying mechanisms, remains incomplete. METHODS Here, we employed a rat model of MCAO (Middle cerebral artery occlusion) and an OGD (Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation) model of primary cortical neurons to study the role of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The infarct volume was measured through TTC staining, while cell apoptosis was detected using TUNEL staining. The mRNA expression levels were quantified through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), whereas protein expressions were evaluated via western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments. RESULTS The expression levels of EZH2 and H3K27me3 were upregulated in OGD; these expression levels were further enhanced by GSK-J4 but reduced by EPZ-6438 and AKT inhibitor (LY294002) under OGD conditions. Similar trends were observed for mTOR, AKT, and PI3K while contrasting results were noted for UTX and JMJD3. The phosphorylation levels of mTOR, AKT, and PI3K were activated by OGD, further stimulated by GSK-J4, but inhibited by EPZ-6438 and AKT inhibitor. Inhibition of EZH2 or AKT effectively counteracted OGD-/MCAO-induced cell apoptosis. Additionally, inhibition of EZH2 or AKT mitigated MCAO-induced infarct size and neurological deficit in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results demonstrate that EZH2 inhibition exerts a protective effect against ischemic brain injury by modulating the H3K27me3/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The results provide novel insights into potential therapeutic mechanisms for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Fan
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Wu
- Department of Emergency, Sansha People's Hospital, Sansha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Gu
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China
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15
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Qiu L, Jing Q, Li Y, Han J. RNA modification: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:25. [PMID: 37612540 PMCID: PMC10447785 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications are dynamic and reversible chemical modifications on substrate RNA that are regulated by specific modifying enzymes. They play important roles in the regulation of many biological processes in various diseases, such as the development of cancer and other diseases. With the help of advanced sequencing technologies, the role of RNA modifications has caught increasing attention in human diseases in scientific research. In this review, we briefly summarized the basic mechanisms of several common RNA modifications, including m6A, m5C, m1A, m7G, Ψ, A-to-I editing and ac4C. Importantly, we discussed their potential functions in human diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, genetic and developmental diseases, as well as immune disorders. Through the "writing-erasing-reading" mechanisms, RNA modifications regulate the stability, translation, and localization of pivotal disease-related mRNAs to manipulate disease development. Moreover, we also highlighted in this review all currently available RNA-modifier-targeting small molecular inhibitors or activators, most of which are designed against m6A-related enzymes, such as METTL3, FTO and ALKBH5. This review provides clues for potential clinical therapy as well as future study directions in the RNA modification field. More in-depth studies on RNA modifications, their roles in human diseases and further development of their inhibitors or activators are needed for a thorough understanding of epitranscriptomics as well as diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
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16
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Ladel L, Tan WY, Jeyakanthan T, Sailo B, Sharma A, Ahuja N. The Promise of Epigenetics Research in the Treatment of Appendiceal Neoplasms. Cells 2023; 12:1962. [PMID: 37566041 PMCID: PMC10417136 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Appendiceal cancers (AC) are a rare and heterogeneous group of malignancies. Historically, appendiceal neoplasms have been grouped with colorectal cancers (CRC), and treatment strategies have been modeled after CRC management guidelines due to their structural similarities and anatomical proximity. However, the two have marked differences in biological behavior and treatment response, and evidence suggests significant discrepancies in their respective genetic profiles. In addition, while the WHO classification for appendiceal cancers is currently based on traditional histopathological criteria, studies have demonstrated that histomorphology does not correlate with survival or treatment response in AC. Due to their rarity, appendiceal cancers have not been studied as extensively as other gastrointestinal cancers. However, their incidence has been increasing steadily over the past decade, making it crucial to identify new and more effective strategies for detection and treatment. Recent efforts to map and understand the molecular landscape of appendiceal cancers have unearthed a wealth of information that has made it evident that appendiceal cancers possess a unique molecular profile, distinct from other gastrointestinal cancers. This review focuses on the epigenetic landscape of epithelial appendiceal cancers and aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge of epigenetic changes across different appendiceal cancer subtypes, highlighting the challenges as well as the promise of employing epigenetics in the quest for the detection of biomarkers, therapeutic targets, surveillance markers, and predictors of treatment response and survival in epithelial appendiceal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ladel
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (L.L.); (W.Y.T.); (T.J.); (B.S.); (A.S.)
- Affiliated Internal Medicine Residency Program at Norwalk Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Yale University, Norwalk, CT 06850, USA
| | - Wan Ying Tan
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (L.L.); (W.Y.T.); (T.J.); (B.S.); (A.S.)
- Affiliated Internal Medicine Residency Program at Norwalk Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Yale University, Norwalk, CT 06850, USA
| | - Thanushiya Jeyakanthan
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (L.L.); (W.Y.T.); (T.J.); (B.S.); (A.S.)
- Affiliated Internal Medicine Residency Program at Norwalk Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Norwalk Hospital, Yale University, Norwalk, CT 06850, USA
| | - Bethsebie Sailo
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (L.L.); (W.Y.T.); (T.J.); (B.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Anup Sharma
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (L.L.); (W.Y.T.); (T.J.); (B.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratories, Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; (L.L.); (W.Y.T.); (T.J.); (B.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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17
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Wei J, Alfajaro MM, Cai WL, Graziano VR, Strine MS, Filler RB, Biering SB, Sarnik SA, Patel S, Menasche BL, Compton SR, Konermann S, Hsu PD, Orchard RC, Yan Q, Wilen CB. The KDM6A-KMT2D-p300 axis regulates susceptibility to diverse coronaviruses by mediating viral receptor expression. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011351. [PMID: 37410700 PMCID: PMC10325096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of host determinants of coronavirus infection informs mechanisms of pathogenesis and may provide novel therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that the histone demethylase KDM6A promotes infection of diverse coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) in a demethylase activity-independent manner. Mechanistic studies reveal that KDM6A promotes viral entry by regulating expression of multiple coronavirus receptors, including ACE2, DPP4 and Ceacam1. Importantly, the TPR domain of KDM6A is required for recruitment of the histone methyltransferase KMT2D and histone deacetylase p300. Together this KDM6A-KMT2D-p300 complex localizes to the proximal and distal enhancers of ACE2 and regulates receptor expression. Notably, small molecule inhibition of p300 catalytic activity abrogates ACE2 and DPP4 expression and confers resistance to all major SARS-CoV-2 variants and MERS-CoV in primary human airway and intestinal epithelial cells. These data highlight the role for KDM6A-KMT2D-p300 complex activities in conferring diverse coronaviruses susceptibility and reveal a potential pan-coronavirus therapeutic target to combat current and emerging coronaviruses. One Sentence Summary: The KDM6A/KMT2D/EP300 axis promotes expression of multiple viral receptors and represents a potential drug target for diverse coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wesley L. Cai
- Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vincent R. Graziano
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Madison S. Strine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Renata B. Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Scott B. Biering
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Sylvia A. Sarnik
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sonam Patel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bridget L. Menasche
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Susan R. Compton
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Silvana Konermann
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Arc Institute, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick D. Hsu
- Arc Institute, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Orchard
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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18
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Matar M, Prince G, Hamati I, Baalbaky M, Fares J, Aoude M, Matar C, Kourie HR. Implication of KDM6A in bladder cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2023; 24:509-522. [PMID: 37458596 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2023-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer is a common urogenital malignancy characterized by frequent genetic alterations. Histone demethylase gene KDM6A is commonly mutated in bladder cancer. Aim: To review the characteristics of KDM6A and its mutation consequences, and to introduce a potential KDM6A-targeted treatment. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using two electronic databases, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, to retrieve topic-related articles from July 2013 to July 2022 using keywords 'KDM6A', 'bladder cancer', 'UTX', 'treatment' and 'mutation'. Five reviewers independently screened literature search results and abstracted data from included studies. Descriptive analysis was conducted and 30 articles were retained. Main Results: A total of 30 articles were retrieved. Experimental and clinical data were collected and grouped by theme. Therapeutic strategies are depicted and organized by tables for a better understanding. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that KDM6A has crucial implications in bladder cancer pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Matar
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Lebanon
| | - Gilles Prince
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim Hamati
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Lebanon
| | - Maria Baalbaky
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Lebanon
| | - Jonas Fares
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Lebanon
| | - Marc Aoude
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Lebanon
| | - Charbel Matar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Internal Medicine Department, George Washington University Hospital, 20037, Washington DC, USA
| | - Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Hotel Dieu De France Hospital, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Riad El Solh, Lebanon
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19
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Feng Z, Ding H, Peng Z, Hu K. Downregulated KDM6A mediates gastric carcinogenesis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154461. [PMID: 37060821 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the connection between KDM6A expression and patient prognosis and the mechanism of KDM6A's role in developing GC (GC). From the immunohistochemical Analysis of 107 GC patients' tumors, we discovered that patients with reduced KDM6A expression had a shorter survival time. There was a correlation between KDM6A expression and the degree of differentiation of tumor tissue, T stage, N stage, and TNM stage. KDM6A gene expression was positively connected with the expression level of E-cadherin and negatively connected with the expression level of N-cadherin and vimentin in vitro tests. KDM6A gene suppression prevented GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas high KDM6A gene expression promoted these processes. Second, low expression of KDM6A down-regulates GSK3β, p-GSK3β, up-regulates C-Myc, CyclinD1, and promotes β-catenin protein expression in the nucleus, while the high expression does the opposite. Then, we used ICG001 to block the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway, and the results revealed that ICG001 could reduce the promoting effect of low KDM6A expression on aggressiveness and EMT in GC cells. KDM6A down-regulation stimulates the proliferation of GC cells, while ICG001 reverses this action in vivo tests. Patients whose KDM6A expression was found to be low had a poor prognosis, as this study found. The EMT is inhibited by regulating theWnt/β-catenin signaling by KDM6A, which reduces GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. KDM6A may be a viable target for GC in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyou Feng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Huiming Ding
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Kongwang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Fuyang Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Fuyang 236000, China.
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20
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Chen LJ, Xu XY, Zhong XD, Liu YJ, Zhu MH, Tao F, Li CY, She QS, Yang GJ, Chen J. The role of lysine-specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A) in tumorigenesis and its therapeutic potentials in cancer therapy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106409. [PMID: 36753963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Histone demethylation is a key post-translational modification of chromatin, and its dysregulation affects a wide array of nuclear activities including the maintenance of genome integrity, transcriptional regulation, and epigenetic inheritance. Lysine specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A, also known as UTX) is an Fe2+- and α-ketoglutarate- dependent oxidase which belongs to KDM6 Jumonji histone demethylase subfamily, and it can remove mono-, di- and tri-methyl groups from methylated lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me1/2/3). Mounting studies indicate that KDM6A is responsible for driving multiple human diseases, particularly cancers and pharmacological inhibition of KDM6A is an effective strategy to treat varieties of KDM6A-amplified cancers in cellulo and in vivo. Although there are several reviews on the roles of KDM6 subfamily in cancer development and therapy, all of them only simply introduce the roles of KDM6A in cancer without systematically summarizing the specific mechanisms of KDM6A in tumorigenesis, which greatly limits the advances on the understanding of roles KDM6A in varieties of cancers, discovering targeting selective KDM6A inhibitors, and exploring the adaptive profiles of KDM6A antagonists. Herein, we present the structure and functions of KDM6A, simply outline the functions of KDM6A in homeostasis and non-cancer diseases, summarize the role of KDM6A and its distinct target genes/ligand proteins in development of varieties of cancers, systematically classify KDM6A inhibitors, sum up the difficulties encountered in the research of KDM6A and the discovery of related drugs, and provide the corresponding solutions, which will contribute to understanding the roles of KDM6A in carcinogenesis and advancing the progression of KDM6A as a drug target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin-Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fan Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chang-Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qiu-Sheng She
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467044, Henan, China.
| | - Guan-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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21
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Du Z, Su J, Lin S, Chen T, Gao W, Wang M, Li Y, Wei D, Hu Z, Gao C, Li Q. Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Is a Metabolic Immune Checkpoint for UTX-deficient Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:1165-1179.e13. [PMID: 36813208 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Aberrant epigenetic events mediated by histone methyltransferases and demethylases contribute to malignant progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of the histone demethylase ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat on chromosome X (UTX) in CRC remains poorly understood. METHODS UTX conditional knockout mice and UTX-silenced MC38 cells were used to investigate UTX function in tumorigenesis and development of CRC. We performed time of flight mass cytometry to clarify the functional role of UTX in remodeling immune microenvironment of CRC. To investigate metabolic interaction between myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and CRC, we analyzed metabolomics data to identify metabolites secreted by UTX-deficient cancer cells and taken up by MDSCs. RESULTS We unraveled a tyrosine-mediated metabolic symbiosis between MDSC and UTX-deficient CRC. Loss of UTX in CRC resulted in methylation of phenylalanine hydroxylase, preventing its degradation and subsequently increasing tyrosine synthesis and secretion. Tyrosine taken up by MDSCs was metabolized to homogentisic acid by hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Homogentisic acid modified protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 via carbonylation of Cys 176, and relieved the inhibitory effect of protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 on signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 transcriptional activity. This in turn, promoted MDSC survival and accumulation, enabling CRC cells to acquire invasive and metastatic traits. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings highlight hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase as a metabolic checkpoint to restrict immunosuppressive MDSCs and to counteract malignant progression of UTX-deficient CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZunGuo Du
- Department of Pathology, HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - JunHui Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - ShengLi Lin
- Endoscopy Center, Endoscopy Research Institute, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Endoscopy Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - WenChao Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - MengHui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - YueHeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, PLA Central Hospital 150, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - ZhiQian Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - ChunFang Gao
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, PLA Central Hospital 150, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - QingQuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Chan K, Farias AG, Lee H, Guvenc F, Mero P, Brown KR, Ward H, Billmann M, Aulakh K, Astori A, Haider S, Marcon E, Braunschweig U, Pu S, Habsid A, Yan Tong AH, Christie-Holmes N, Budylowski P, Ghalami A, Mubareka S, Maguire F, Banerjee A, Mossman KL, Greenblatt J, Gray-Owen SD, Raught B, Blencowe BJ, Taipale M, Myers C, Moffat J. Survival-based CRISPR genetic screens across a panel of permissive cell lines identify common and cell-specific SARS-CoV-2 host factors. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12744. [PMID: 36597481 PMCID: PMC9800021 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 depends on host cell components for infection and replication. Identification of virus-host dependencies offers an effective way to elucidate mechanisms involved in viral infection and replication. If druggable, host factor dependencies may present an attractive strategy for anti-viral therapy. In this study, we performed genome wide CRISPR knockout screens in Vero E6 cells and four human cell lines including Calu-3, UM-UC-4, HEK-293 and HuH-7 to identify genetic regulators of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings identified only ACE2, the cognate SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor, as a common host dependency factor across all cell lines, while other host genes identified were largely cell line specific, including known factors TMPRSS2 and CTSL. Several of the discovered host-dependency factors converged on pathways involved in cell signalling, immune-related pathways, and chromatin modification. Notably, the chromatin modifier gene KMT2C in Calu-3 cells had the strongest impact in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection when perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Chan
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1,Corresponding author
| | - Adrian Granda Farias
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1,Department of Molecular Genetics, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S1A8
| | - Hunsang Lee
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1
| | - Furkan Guvenc
- Department of Molecular Genetics, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S1A8
| | - Patricia Mero
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1
| | - Kevin R. Brown
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1
| | - Henry Ward
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maximilian Billmann
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kamaldeep Aulakh
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1
| | - Audrey Astori
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahan Haider
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1
| | - Edyta Marcon
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1
| | - Ulrich Braunschweig
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1
| | - Shuye Pu
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1
| | - Andrea Habsid
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1
| | - Amy Hin Yan Tong
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1
| | - Natasha Christie-Holmes
- Combined Containment Level 3 Unit, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1
| | - Patrick Budylowski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S1A8
| | - Ayoob Ghalami
- Office of Environmental Health & Safety, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Finlay Maguire
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Karen L. Mossman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack Greenblatt
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1,Department of Molecular Genetics, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S1A8
| | - Scott D. Gray-Owen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S1A8
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin J. Blencowe
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1,Department of Molecular Genetics, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S1A8
| | - Mikko Taipale
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1,Department of Molecular Genetics, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S1A8
| | - Chad Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason Moffat
- Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1,Department of Molecular Genetics, 1 King's College Circle, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S1A8,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rosebrugh Building, 164 College Street, Room 407, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3G9,Corresponding author. Donnelly Center, 160 College Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S3E1
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23
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Diao W, Zheng J, Li Y, Wang J, Xu S. Targeting histone demethylases as a potential cancer therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 61:103. [PMID: 35801593 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Post‑translational modifications of histones by histone demethylases have an important role in the regulation of gene transcription and are implicated in cancers. Recently, the family of lysine (K)‑specific demethylase (KDM) proteins, referring to histone demethylases that dynamically regulate histone methylation, were indicated to be involved in various pathways related to cancer development. To date, numerous studies have been conducted to explore the effects of KDMs on cancer growth, metastasis and drug resistance, and a majority of KDMs have been indicated to be oncogenes in both leukemia and solid tumors. In addition, certain KDM inhibitors have been developed and have become the subject of clinical trials to explore their safety and efficacy in cancer therapy. However, most of them focus on hematopoietic malignancy. This review summarizes the effects of KDMs on tumor growth, drug resistance and the current status of KDM inhibitors in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Diao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jiabin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Junjiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Songhui Xu
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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24
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Fan B, Huang Y, Zhang H, Chen T, Tao S, Wang X, Wen S, Wang H, Lin Z, Liu T, Zhang H, He T, Li X. Analysis of genetic profiling, pathomics signature, and prognostic features of primary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of the renal pelvis. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3666-3688. [PMID: 36052737 PMCID: PMC9580896 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic features of primary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (LELC) of the upper urinary tract have not been systematically explored. In this study, tumor mutation profiling was performed using whole‐genome sequencing in two patients with LELC of the renal pelvis. Novel candidate variants relevant to known disease genes were selected using rare‐variant burden analysis. Subsequently, a population‐based study was performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER), PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases to explore clinical features and prognostic risk factors. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed seven positive cytokeratin‐associated markers in tumor cells and five positive lymphocyte‐associated markers in and around the tumor area. Sub‐sequently, we identified KDM6A as the susceptibility gene and LEPR as the driver gene by Sanger sequencing in case 2 of LELC of the renal pelvis. Three mutation sites of the existing targeted drugs were screened: CA9, a therapeutic target for zonisamide; ARVCF, a therapeutic target for bupropion; and PLOD3, a therapeutic target for vitamin C. In a population‐based study, patients with primary LELC of the upper urinary tract had clinical outcomes similar to those of patients with primary upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT‐UC) before and after propensity score matching at 1 : 5. Focal subtype was an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival of patients with LELC of the upper urinary tract. The carcinogenesis of primary LELC may be due to different genetic variations, including single‐nucleotide variants, insertion and deletions, structural variations, and repeat regions, which may provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. The prognosis of LELC in the upper urinary tract is similar to that of UUT‐UC. We suggest that the focal subtype can serve as a prognostic factor for LELC of the upper urinary tract; however, further studies are required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fan
- Department of Urology Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University 116000 Dalian Liaoning Province China
| | - Yuanbin Huang
- Department of Urology Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University 116000 Dalian Liaoning Province China
| | - Hongshuo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology Dalian Medical University 116000 Dalian Liaoning Province China
| | - Tingyu Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine Dalian Medical University 116000 Dalian Liaoning Province China
| | - Shenghua Tao
- Department of Urology Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University 116000 Dalian Liaoning Province China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Department of Urology Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University 116000 Dalian Liaoning Province China
| | - Shuang Wen
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Friendship Hospital 116000 Dalian Liaoning Province China
| | - Honglong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Friendship Hospital 116000 Dalian Liaoning Province China
| | - Zhe Lin
- Ethics Committee Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University 116000 Dalian Liaoning Province China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Friendship Hospital 116000 Dalian Liaoning Province China
| | - Hongxian Zhang
- Department of Urology Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University 116000 Dalian Liaoning Province China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Urology Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University 116000 Dalian Liaoning Province China
| | - Xiancheng Li
- Department of Urology Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University 116000 Dalian Liaoning Province China
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Giannuzzi D, Marconato L, Fanelli A, Licenziato L, De Maria R, Rinaldi A, Rotta L, Rouquet N, Birolo G, Fariselli P, Mensah AA, Bertoni F, Aresu L. The genomic landscape of canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identifies distinct subtypes with clinical and therapeutic implications. Lab Anim (NY) 2022; 51:191-202. [PMID: 35726023 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-022-00998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoid neoplasm in dogs and in humans. It is characterized by a remarkable degree of clinical heterogeneity that is not completely elucidated by molecular data. This poses a major barrier to understanding the disease and its response to therapy, or when treating dogs with DLBCL within clinical trials. We performed an integrated analysis of exome (n = 77) and RNA sequencing (n = 43) data in a cohort of canine DLBCL to define the genetic landscape of this tumor. A wide range of signaling pathways and cellular processes were found in common with human DLBCL, but the frequencies of the most recurrently mutated genes (TRAF3, SETD2, POT1, TP53, MYC, FBXW7, DDX3X and TBL1XR1) differed. We developed a prognostic model integrating exonic variants and clinical and transcriptomic features to predict the outcome in dogs with DLBCL. These results comprehensively define the genetic drivers of canine DLBCL and can be prospectively utilized to identify new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Giannuzzi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Rotta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Piero Fariselli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Afua A Mensah
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Bellinzona, Switzerland. .,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
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KDM6A missense variants hamper H3 histone demethylation in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3151-3160. [PMID: 35782738 PMCID: PMC9232545 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
KDM6A is the disease causative gene of type 2 Kabuki Syndrome, a rare multisystem disease; it is also a known cancer driver gene, with multiple somatic mutations found in a few cancer types. In this study, we looked at eleven missense variants in lung squamous cell carcinoma, one of the most common lung cancer subtypes, to see how they affect the KDM6A catalytic mechanisms. We found that they influence the interaction with histone H3 and the exposure of the trimethylated Lys27, which is critical for wild-type physiological function to varying degrees, by altering the conformational transition.
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TEX10 Promotes the Tumorigenesis and Radiotherapy Resistance of Urinary Bladder Carcinoma by Stabilizing XRCC6. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5975893. [PMID: 34966825 PMCID: PMC8712183 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5975893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder carcinoma refers to the commonest carcinoma with weak prognostic result for the patient as impacted by the limited treatment possibilities and challenging diagnosing process. Nevertheless, the molecular underpinning of bladder carcinoma malignant progression is still not clear. As a novel core part of pluripotency circuitry, testicular expression 10 (TEX10) plays an actively noticeable effect on reprogramming, early embryo development, and embryonic stem cell self-renewal. Nevertheless, TEX10 expressions and functions within bladder carcinoma are still not known. The present work is aimed at revealing TEX10 expression and biological function within urinary bladder carcinoma and elucidating the potential mechanisms. Results showed that TEX10 is abundant in urinary bladder carcinoma, and its protein level was related to poor disease-free survival in a positive manner. Reduced TEX10 level inhibited urinary bladder carcinoma cell proliferating process and metastasis in vitro and xenograft tumorigenicity in vivo. Notably, TEX10 might regulate carcinoma cell proliferating process and metastasis via XRCC6, thereby controlling the signaling of Wnt/β-catenin and DNA repair channel. Moreover, TEX10 gene knockout reduced the radiotherapy resistance of urinary bladder carcinoma. In brief, this work revealed that TEX10 could exert a significant carcinogenic effect on urinary bladder carcinoma tumorigenesis and radiotherapy resistance through the activation of XRCC6-related channels. Accordingly, targeting TEX10 is likely to offer a novel and feasible therapeutically related strategy for inhibiting urinary bladder carcinoma tumorigenicity.
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Hua C, Chen J, Li S, Zhou J, Fu J, Sun W, Wang W. KDM6 Demethylases and Their Roles in Human Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:779918. [PMID: 34950587 PMCID: PMC8688854 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.779918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is moving beyond traditional chemotherapy to include epigenetic approaches. KDM6 demethylases are dynamic regulation of gene expression by histone demethylation in response to diverse stimuli, and thus their dysregulation has been observed in various cancers. In this review, we first briefly introduce structural features of KDM6 subfamily, and then discuss the regulation of KDM6, which involves the coordinated control between cellular metabolism (intrinsic regulators) and tumor microenvironment (extrinsic stimuli). We further describe the aberrant functions of KDM6 in human cancers, acting as either a tumor suppressor or an oncoprotein in a context-dependent manner. Finally, we propose potential therapy of KDM6 enzymes based on their structural features, epigenetics, and immunomodulatory mechanisms, providing novel insights for prevention and treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Shuting Li
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Jiahong Fu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weijian Sun
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Alterations of Chromatin Regulators in the Pathogenesis of Urinary Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236040. [PMID: 34885146 PMCID: PMC8656749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Urinary bladder cancer is one of the ten major cancers worldwide, with higher incidences in males, in smokers, and in highly industrialized countries. New therapies beyond cytotoxic chemotherapy are urgently needed to improve treatment of these tumors. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying their development may help in this regard. Recently, it was discovered that a group of proteins regulating the state of chromatin and thus gene expression is exceptionally and frequently affected by gene mutations in bladder cancers. Altered function of these mutated chromatin regulators must therefore be fundamental in their development, but how and why is poorly understood. Here we review the current knowledge on changes in chromatin regulators and discuss their possible consequences for bladder cancer development and options for new therapies. Abstract Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most frequent histological type of cancer in the urinary bladder. Genomic changes in UC activate MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathways, which increase cell proliferation and survival, interfere with cell cycle and checkpoint control, and prevent senescence. A more recently discovered additional category of genetic changes in UC affects chromatin regulators, including histone-modifying enzymes (KMT2C, KMT2D, KDM6A, EZH2), transcription cofactors (CREBBP, EP300), and components of the chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF (ARID1A, SMARCA4). It is not yet well understood how these changes contribute to the development and progression of UC. Therefore, we review here the emerging knowledge on genomic and gene expression alterations of chromatin regulators and their consequences for cell differentiation, cellular plasticity, and clonal expansion during UC pathogenesis. Our analysis identifies additional relevant chromatin regulators and suggests a model for urothelial carcinogenesis as a basis for further mechanistic studies and targeted therapy development.
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Koch J, Lang A, Whongsiri P, Schulz WA, Hoffmann MJ, Greife A. KDM6A mutations promote acute cytoplasmic DNA release, DNA damage response and mitosis defects. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:54. [PMID: 34702163 PMCID: PMC8549169 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KDM6A, encoding a histone demethylase, is one of the top ten mutated epigenetic cancer genes. The effect of mutations on its structure and function are however poorly characterized. Methods Database search identified nonsense and missense mutations in the N-terminal TPR motifs and the C-terminal, catalytic JmjC domain, but also in the intrinsically disordered region connecting both these two well-structured domains. KDM6A variants with cancer-derived mutations were generated using site directed mutagenesis and fused to eGFP serving as an all-in-one affinity and fluorescence tag to study demethylase activity by an ELISA-based assay in vitro, apoptosis by FACS, complex assembly by Co-immunoprecipitation and localization by microscopy in urothelial cells and apoptosis by FACS. Results Independent of the mutation and demethylase activity, all KDM6A variants were detectable in the nucleus. Truncated KDM6A variants displayed changes in complex assemblies affecting (1) known interactions with the COMPASS complex component RBBP5 and (2) KDM6A-DNA associated assemblies with the nuclear protein Nucleophosmin. Some KDM6A variants induced a severe cellular phenotype characterized by multiple acute effects on nuclear integrity, namely, release of nuclear DNA into the cytoplasm, increased level of DNA damage indicators RAD51 and p-γH2A.X, and mitosis defects. These damaging effects were correlated with increased cell death. Conclusion These observations reveal novel effects of pathogenic variants pointing at new specific functions of KDM6A variants. The underlying mechanisms and affected pathways have to be investigated in future research to understand how tumor cells cope with and benefit from KDM6A truncations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12860-021-00394-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koch
- Department of Molecular Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - A Lang
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - P Whongsiri
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkog, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - W A Schulz
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - M J Hoffmann
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - A Greife
- Department of Molecular Physical Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Zhou L, Wang X, Lu J, Fu X, Li Y. EGFR transcriptionally upregulates UTX via STAT3 in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:309-319. [PMID: 34661759 PMCID: PMC8800904 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Histone demethylase UTX has been reported to participate in the occurrence and development of many cancers in tissue-specific manners. However, the role of UTX in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and exactly what regulates the expression of UTX remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the role of UTX in NSCLC in association with the widely recognized tumor driver epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Methods UTX levels in clinical samples were detected by immunohistochemistry staining, western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of UTX in tumor tissue was correlated with the phosphorylation of EGFR. Cell proliferation and migration were evaluated by MTT and wound-healing assays. The impact of EGFR and its downstream pathways on UTX was explored with corresponding inhibitors, and examined by western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR. Results In this study, we found that the expression of UTX in cancer tissues of patients with NSCLC was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues, and positively associated with EGFR phosphorylation levels. In addition, in NSCLC cell lines, UTX can promote proliferation and migration, while inhibition of its enzyme activity suppressed cell growth. Moreover, UTX expression was significantly upregulated when EGFR signaling pathway was activated, and vice versa when EGFR pathway was inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Further mechanistic studies suggested that the activation of EGFR activated its downstream JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway and promoted STAT3 phosphorylation; the phosphorylated STAT3 transcriptionally promoted the levels of UTX. Conclusions These results suggest an “EGFR-STAT3-UTX” axis that plays an oncogenic role in NSCLC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-021-03800-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaomu Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jingya Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiangning Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Yi Z, Wei S, Jin L, Jeyarajan S, Yang J, Gu Y, Kim HS, Schechter S, Lu S, Paulsen MT, Bedi K, Narayanan IV, Ljungman M, Crawford HC, Pasca di Magliano M, Ge K, Dou Y, Shi J. KDM6A Regulates Cell Plasticity and Pancreatic Cancer Progression by Noncanonical Activin Pathway. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:643-667. [PMID: 34583087 PMCID: PMC8715196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Inactivating mutations of KDM6A, a histone demethylase, were frequently found in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We investigated the role of KDM6A (lysine demethylase 6A) in PDAC development. METHODS We performed a pancreatic tissue microarray analysis of KDM6A protein levels. We used human PDAC cell lines for KDM6A knockout and knockdown experiments. We performed bromouridine sequencing analysis to elucidate the effects of KDM6A loss on global transcription. We performed studies with Ptf1aCre; LSL-KrasG12D; Trp53R172H/+; Kdm6afl/fl or fl/Y, Ptf1aCre; Kdm6afl/fl or fl/Y, and orthotopic xenograft mice to investigate the impacts of Kdm6a deficiency on pancreatic tumorigenesis and pancreatitis. RESULTS Loss of KDM6A was associated with metastasis in PDAC patients. Bromouridine sequencing analysis showed up-regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway in PDAC cells deficient in KDM6A. Loss of KDM6A promoted mesenchymal morphology, migration, and invasion in PDAC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, activin A and subsequent p38 activation likely mediated the role of KDM6A loss. Inhibiting either activin A or p38 reversed the effect. Pancreas-specific Kdm6a-knockout mice pancreata showed accelerated PDAC progression, developed a more aggressive undifferentiated type of PDAC, and increased metastases in the background of Kras and p53 mutations. Kdm6a-deficient pancreata in a pancreatitis model had a delayed recovery with increased PDAC precursor lesions compared with wild-type pancreata. CONCLUSIONS Loss of KDM6A accelerates PDAC progression and metastasis, most likely by a noncanonical p38-dependent activin A pathway. KDM6A also promotes pancreatic tissue recovery from pancreatitis. Activin A might be used as a therapeutic target for KDM6A-deficient PDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhujun Yi
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Labs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Lin Jin
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Labs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sivakumar Jeyarajan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Labs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yumei Gu
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Labs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hong Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Labs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shula Schechter
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Labs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shuang Lu
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Labs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Michelle T. Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Karan Bedi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ishwarya Venkata Narayanan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kai Ge
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Labs, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Jiaqi Shi, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Building 35, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. fax: (734) 232-5360.
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Shi B, Li W, Song Y, Wang Z, Ju R, Ulman A, Hu J, Palomba F, Zhao Y, Le JP, Jarrard W, Dimoff D, Digman MA, Gratton E, Zang C, Jiang H. UTX condensation underlies its tumour-suppressive activity. Nature 2021; 597:726-731. [PMID: 34526716 PMCID: PMC9008583 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UTX (also known as KDM6A) encodes a histone H3K27 demethylase and is an important tumour suppressor that is frequently mutated in human cancers1. However, as the demethylase activity of UTX is often dispensable for mediating tumour suppression and developmental regulation2-8, the underlying molecular activity of UTX remains unknown. Here we show that phase separation of UTX underlies its chromatin-regulatory activity in tumour suppression. A core intrinsically disordered region (cIDR) of UTX forms phase-separated liquid condensates, and cIDR loss caused by the most frequent cancer mutation of UTX is mainly responsible for abolishing tumour suppression. Deletion, mutagenesis and replacement assays of the intrinsically disordered region demonstrate a critical role of UTX condensation in tumour suppression and embryonic stem cell differentiation. As shown by reconstitution in vitro and engineered systems in cells, UTX recruits the histone methyltransferase MLL4 (also known as KMT2D) to the same condensates and enriches the H3K4 methylation activity of MLL4. Moreover, UTX regulates genome-wide histone modifications and high-order chromatin interactions in a condensation-dependent manner. We also found that UTY, the Y chromosome homologue of UTX with weaker tumour-suppressive activity, forms condensates with reduced molecular dynamics. These studies demonstrate a crucial biological function of liquid condensates with proper material states in enabling the tumour-suppressive activity of a chromatin regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yansu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rui Ju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Aleksandra Ulman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Francesco Palomba
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John Philip Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - William Jarrard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David Dimoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michelle A. Digman
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory of Fluorescence Dynamics, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA,UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA,UVA Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Ueberroth BE, Liu AJ, Graham RP, Bekaii-Saab TS, McWilliams RR, Mahipal A, Truty MJ, Mody K, Sonbol MB, Halfdanarson TR. Osteoclast-Like Giant Cell Tumors of the Pancreas: Clinical Characteristics, Genetic Testing, and Treatment Modalities. Pancreas 2021; 50:952-956. [PMID: 34369897 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to better characterize patient characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes for osteoclast-like giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas, a rare subtype of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS This is a retrospective study of all patients with osteoclast-like giant cell carcinoma of pancreatic origin treated at Mayo Clinic from 2000 to present. Baseline patient characteristics, treatment modalities utilized, and outcomes were compiled. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Fifteen patients met criteria for inclusion. Four patients had distant metastases at diagnosis, the remaining 11 with locoregional disease. Median OS for the entire cohort was 11 months. Metastatic disease was associated with significantly shorter OS (3.5 vs 14.1 months; P = 0.005). Three patients had no evidence of disease at time of analysis; all 3 were treated with complete resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Osteoclast-like giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. For patients with locoregional disease, surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemoradiation may play a role in extended disease-free survival. Metastatic disease presents a challenging entity to treat with little data to support any effective chemotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex J Liu
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | | | | | - Amit Mahipal
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mark J Truty
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kabir Mody
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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Deregulation of Transcriptional Enhancers in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143532. [PMID: 34298745 PMCID: PMC8303223 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary One of the major challenges in cancer treatments is the dynamic adaptation of tumor cells to cancer therapies. In this regard, tumor cells can modify their response to environmental cues without altering their DNA sequence. This cell plasticity enables cells to undergo morphological and functional changes, for example, during the process of tumour metastasis or when acquiring resistance to cancer therapies. Central to cell plasticity, are the dynamic changes in gene expression that are controlled by a set of molecular switches called enhancers. Enhancers are DNA elements that determine when, where and to what extent genes should be switched on and off. Thus, defects in enhancer function can disrupt the gene expression program and can lead to tumour formation. Here, we review how enhancers control the activity of cancer-associated genes and how defects in these regulatory elements contribute to cell plasticity in cancer. Understanding enhancer (de)regulation can provide new strategies for modulating cell plasticity in tumour cells and can open new research avenues for cancer therapy. Abstract Epigenetic regulations can shape a cell’s identity by reversible modifications of the chromatin that ultimately control gene expression in response to internal and external cues. In this review, we first discuss the concept of cell plasticity in cancer, a process that is directly controlled by epigenetic mechanisms, with a particular focus on transcriptional enhancers as the cornerstone of epigenetic regulation. In the second part, we discuss mechanisms of enhancer deregulation in adult stem cells and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as two paradigms of cell plasticity that are dependent on epigenetic regulation and serve as major sources of tumour heterogeneity. Finally, we review how genetic variations at enhancers and their epigenetic modifiers contribute to tumourigenesis, and we highlight examples of cancer drugs that target epigenetic modifications at enhancers.
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UTX maintains the functional integrity of the murine hematopoietic system by globally regulating aging-associated genes. Blood 2021; 137:908-922. [PMID: 33174606 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is essential for the maintenance of the hematopoietic system, and its deregulation is implicated in hematopoietic disorders. In this study, UTX, a demethylase for lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27) and a component of COMPASS-like and SWI/SNF complexes, played an essential role in the hematopoietic system by globally regulating aging-associated genes. Utx-deficient (UtxΔ/Δ) mice exhibited myeloid skewing with dysplasia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, impaired hematopoietic reconstituting ability, and increased susceptibility to leukemia, which are the hallmarks of hematopoietic aging. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that Utx deficiency converted the gene expression profiles of young hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs) to those of aged HSPCs. Utx expression in hematopoietic stem cells declined with age, and UtxΔ/Δ HSPCs exhibited increased expression of an aging-associated marker, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and impaired repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Pathway and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses coupled with RNA-seq data indicated that UTX contributed to hematopoietic homeostasis mainly by maintaining the expression of genes downregulated with aging via demethylase-dependent and -independent epigenetic programming. Of note, comparison of pathway changes in UtxΔ/Δ HSPCs, aged muscle stem cells, aged fibroblasts, and aged induced neurons showed substantial overlap, strongly suggesting common aging mechanisms among different tissue stem cells.
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38
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Cullen SM, Hassan N, Smith-Raska M. Effects of non-inherited ancestral genotypes on offspring phenotypes. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:747-760. [PMID: 34159361 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that environmental exposures can modify the profile of heritable factors in an individual's germ cells, ultimately affecting the inheritance of phenotypes in descendants. Similar to exposures, an ancestor's genotype can also affect the inheritance of phenotypes across generations, sometimes in offspring who do not inherit the genetic aberration. This can occur via a variety of prenatal, in utero, or postnatal mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the evidence for this process in mammals, with a focus on examples that are potentially mediated through the germline, while also considering alternate routes of inheritance. Non-inherited ancestral genotypes may influence descendant's disease risk to a much greater extent than currently appreciated, and focused evaluation of this phenomenon may reveal novel mechanisms of inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Cullen
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, Room 1252D, New York, NY 10021
| | - Nora Hassan
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, Room 1252D, New York, NY 10021
| | - Matthew Smith-Raska
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, Room 1252D, New York, NY 10021
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Punnia-Moorthy G, Hersey P, Emran AA, Tiffen J. Lysine Demethylases: Promising Drug Targets in Melanoma and Other Cancers. Front Genet 2021; 12:680633. [PMID: 34220955 PMCID: PMC8242339 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation has been implicated in a variety of pathological processes including carcinogenesis. A major group of enzymes that influence epigenetic modifications are lysine demethylases (KDMs) also known as "erasers" which remove methyl groups on lysine (K) amino acids of histones. Numerous studies have implicated aberrant lysine demethylase activity in a variety of cancers, including melanoma. This review will focus on the structure, classification and functions of KDMs in normal biology and the current knowledge of how KDMs are deregulated in cancer pathogenesis, emphasizing our interest in melanoma. We highlight the current knowledge gaps of KDMs in melanoma pathobiology and describe opportunities to increases our understanding of their importance in this disease. We summarize the progress of several pre-clinical compounds that inhibit KDMs and represent promising candidates for further investigation in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaya Punnia-Moorthy
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Epigenetics Laboratory, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Emran
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessamy Tiffen
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Epigenetics Laboratory, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Alarcón T, Sardanyés J, Guillamon A, Menendez JA. Bivalent chromatin as a therapeutic target in cancer: An in silico predictive approach for combining epigenetic drugs. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008408. [PMID: 34153035 PMCID: PMC8248646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour cell heterogeneity is a major barrier for efficient design of targeted anti-cancer therapies. A diverse distribution of phenotypically distinct tumour-cell subpopulations prior to drug treatment predisposes to non-uniform responses, leading to the elimination of sensitive cancer cells whilst leaving resistant subpopulations unharmed. Few strategies have been proposed for quantifying the variability associated to individual cancer-cell heterogeneity and minimizing its undesirable impact on clinical outcomes. Here, we report a computational approach that allows the rational design of combinatorial therapies involving epigenetic drugs against chromatin modifiers. We have formulated a stochastic model of a bivalent transcription factor that allows us to characterise three different qualitative behaviours, namely: bistable, high- and low-gene expression. Comparison between analytical results and experimental data determined that the so-called bistable and high-gene expression behaviours can be identified with undifferentiated and differentiated cell types, respectively. Since undifferentiated cells with an aberrant self-renewing potential might exhibit a cancer/metastasis-initiating phenotype, we analysed the efficiency of combining epigenetic drugs against the background of heterogeneity within the bistable sub-ensemble. Whereas single-targeted approaches mostly failed to circumvent the therapeutic problems represented by tumour heterogeneity, combinatorial strategies fared much better. Specifically, the more successful combinations were predicted to involve modulators of the histone H3K4 and H3K27 demethylases KDM5 and KDM6A/UTX. Those strategies involving the H3K4 and H3K27 methyltransferases MLL2 and EZH2, however, were predicted to be less effective. Our theoretical framework provides a coherent basis for the development of an in silico platform capable of identifying the epigenetic drugs combinations best-suited to therapeutically manage non-uniform responses of heterogenous cancer cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Alarcón
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Antoni Guillamon
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Departament de Matemàtiques, EPSEB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Matemàtiques de la UPC-BarcelonaTech (IMTech), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier A. Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Salt, Girona, Spain
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Chen X, Lin X, Pang G, Deng J, Xie Q, Zhang Z. Significance of KDM6A mutation in bladder cancer immune escape. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:635. [PMID: 34051747 PMCID: PMC8164329 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer (BC) is the fourth most prevalent neoplasm in men and is associated with high tumour recurrence rates, leading to major treatment challenges. Lysine-specific demethylase 6A (KDM6A) is frequently mutated in several cancer types; however, its effects on tumour progression and clinical outcome in BC remain unclear. Here, we explored the potential role of KDM6A in regulating the antitumor immune response. Methods We mined The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases for somatic mutation and clinical data in patients with BC. Results We found frequent mutations in 12 genes in both cohorts, including TP53, KDM6A, CSMD3, MUC16, STAG2, PIK3CA, ARID1A, RB1, EP300, ERBB2, ERBB3, and FGFR3. The frequency o KDM6A mutations in the TCGA and ICGC datasets was 25.97 and 24.27%, respectively. In addition, KDM6A mutation was associated with a lower number of tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and indicated a state of immune tolerance. KDM6A mutation was associated with lower KDM6A mRNA level compared with that in samples carrying the wild-type gene. Further, survival analysis showed that the prognosis of patients with low KDM6A expression was worse than that with high KDM6A expression. Using the CIBERSORT algorithm, Tumor Immune Estimation Resource site, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, we found that KDM6A mutation downregulated nine signalling pathways that participate in the immune system and attenuated the tumour immune response. Conclusion Overall, we conclude that KDM6A mutation is frequent in BC and promotes tumour immune escape, which may serve as a novel biomarker to predict the immune response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08372-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Kangning Road No.79, in Zhuhai city, Guang Dong Province, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Lin
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Kangning Road No.79, in Zhuhai city, Guang Dong Province, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofu Pang
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Kangning Road No.79, in Zhuhai city, Guang Dong Province, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Deng
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Kangning Road No.79, in Zhuhai city, Guang Dong Province, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Xie
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Kangning Road No.79, in Zhuhai city, Guang Dong Province, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital affiliated with Jinan University, Kangning Road No.79, in Zhuhai city, Guang Dong Province, Zhuhai, People's Republic of China.
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Liu L, Cui J, Zhao Y, Liu X, Chen L, Xia Y, Wang Y, Chen S, Sun S, Shi B, Zou Y. KDM6A-ARHGDIB axis blocks metastasis of bladder cancer by inhibiting Rac1. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:77. [PMID: 34006303 PMCID: PMC8130406 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KDM6A, a histone demethylase, is frequently mutated in bladder cancer (BCa). However, the role and detailed molecular mechanism of KDM6A involved in bladder cancer progression remains unknown. Methods Tissue specimens were used to determine the expression levels and prognostic values of KDM6A and ARHGDIB. The MTT, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell migration and invasion assays were employed to detect the BCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion, respectively. Chemotaxis of macrophages was used to evaluate the ability of KDM6A to recruit macrophages. A subcutaneous tumour model and tail vein tumour injection in nude mice were used to assess the role of KDM6A in vivo. RNA sequencing, qPCR, Western blot, ChIP and phalloidin staining assay were performed to investigate the molecular functions of KDM6A. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to determine the effects of KDM6A and FOXA1 on the promoters of the ARHGDIB and KDM6A. Results We showed that the KDM6A inhibited the motility and invasiveness of the BCa cells. Mechanistically, KDM6A promotes the transcription of ARHGDIB by demethylating histone H3 lysine di/trimethylation (H3K27me2/3) and consequently leads to inhibition of Rac1. EZH2, which catalyses the methylation of H3K27, functions to silence ARHGDIB expression, and an EZH2 inhibitor can neutralize the metastatic effect caused by KDM6A deficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrated that FOXA1 directly binds to the KDM6A promoter and thus transactivates KDM6A, leading to diminished metastatic potential. Conclusion Our findings establish the critical role of the FOXA1-KDM6A-ARHGDIB axis in restraining the malignancy of BCa and identify KDM6A and EZH2 as potential therapeutic targets in the management of BCa. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-021-01369-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Jianfeng Cui
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yangyang Xia
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Shouzhen Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Shuna Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China.
| | - Yongxin Zou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Doseděl M, Jirkovský E, Macáková K, Krčmová LK, Javorská L, Pourová J, Mercolini L, Remião F, Nováková L, Mladěnka P. Vitamin C-Sources, Physiological Role, Kinetics, Deficiency, Use, Toxicity, and Determination. Nutrients 2021; 13:615. [PMID: 33668681 PMCID: PMC7918462 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) has been known as an antioxidant for most people. However, its physiological role is much larger and encompasses very different processes ranging from facilitation of iron absorption through involvement in hormones and carnitine synthesis for important roles in epigenetic processes. Contrarily, high doses act as a pro-oxidant than an anti-oxidant. This may also be the reason why plasma levels are meticulously regulated on the level of absorption and excretion in the kidney. Interestingly, most cells contain vitamin C in millimolar concentrations, which is much higher than its plasma concentrations, and compared to other vitamins. The role of vitamin C is well demonstrated by miscellaneous symptoms of its absence-scurvy. The only clinically well-documented indication for vitamin C is scurvy. The effects of vitamin C administration on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infections are rather minor or even debatable in the general population. Vitamin C is relatively safe, but caution should be given to the administration of high doses, which can cause overt side effects in some susceptible patients (e.g., oxalate renal stones). Lastly, analytical methods for its determination with advantages and pitfalls are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Doseděl
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Eduard Jirkovský
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (E.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (L.K.K.); (L.N.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Lenka Javorská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Jana Pourová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (E.J.); (J.P.)
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Research group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (L.K.K.); (L.N.)
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (E.J.); (J.P.)
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Chi YI, Stodola TJ, De Assuncao TM, Leverence EN, Tripathi S, Dsouza NR, Mathison AJ, Basel DG, Volkman BF, Smith BC, Lomberk G, Zimmermann MT, Urrutia R. Molecular mechanics and dynamic simulations of well-known Kabuki syndrome-associated KDM6A variants reveal putative mechanisms of dysfunction. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:66. [PMID: 33546721 PMCID: PMC7866879 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kabuki syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects several body systems and presents with variations in symptoms and severity. The syndrome is named for a common phenotype of faces resembling stage makeup used in a Japanese traditional theatrical art named kabuki. The most frequent cause of this syndrome is mutations in the H3K4 family of histone methyltransferases while a smaller percentage results from genetic alterations affecting the histone demethylase, KDM6A. Because of the rare presentation of the latter form of the disease, little is known about how missense changes in the KDM6A protein sequence impact protein function. RESULTS In this study, we use molecular mechanic and molecular dynamic simulations to enhance the annotation and mechanistic interpretation of the potential impact of eleven KDM6A missense variants found in Kabuki syndrome patients. These variants (N910S, D980V, S1025G, C1153R, C1153Y, P1195L, L1200F, Q1212R, Q1248R, R1255W, and R1351Q) are predicted to be pathogenic, likely pathogenic or of uncertain significance by sequence-based analysis. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that although Kabuki syndrome missense variants are found outside the functionally critical regions, they could affect overall function by significantly disrupting global and local conformation (C1153R, C1153Y, P1195L, L1200F, Q1212R, Q1248R, R1255W and R1351Q), chemical environment (C1153R, C1153Y, P1195L, L1200F, Q1212R, Q1248R, R1255W and R1351Q), and/or molecular dynamics of the catalytic domain (all variants). In addition, our approaches predict that many mutations, in particular C1153R, could allosterically disrupt the key enzymatic interactions of KDM6A. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the KDM6A Kabuki syndrome variants may impair histone demethylase function through various mechanisms that include altered protein integrity, local environment, molecular interactions and protein dynamics. Molecular dynamics simulations of the wild type and the variants are critical to gain a better understanding of molecular dysfunction. This type of comprehensive structure- and MD-based analyses should help develop improved impact scoring systems to interpret the damaging effects of variants in this protein and other related proteins as well as provide detailed mechanistic insight that is not currently predictable from sequence alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-In Chi
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, and Precision Medicine Simulation Unit, GSPMC, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Timothy J Stodola
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, and Precision Medicine Simulation Unit, GSPMC, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Thiago M De Assuncao
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Elise N Leverence
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Swarnendu Tripathi
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, and Precision Medicine Simulation Unit, GSPMC, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nikita R Dsouza
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, and Precision Medicine Simulation Unit, GSPMC, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Angela J Mathison
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, and Precision Medicine Simulation Unit, GSPMC, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Donald G Basel
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Brian C Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael T Zimmermann
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, and Precision Medicine Simulation Unit, GSPMC, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center (GSPMC), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Bioinformatics Research and Development Laboratory, and Precision Medicine Simulation Unit, GSPMC, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Zhang C, Shen L, Zhu Y, Xu R, Deng Z, Liu X, Ding Y, Wang C, Shi Y, Bei L, Wei D, Thorne RF, Zhang XD, Yu L, Chen S. KDM6A promotes imatinib resistance through YY1-mediated transcriptional upregulation of TRKA independently of its demethylase activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2691-2705. [PMID: 33456567 PMCID: PMC7806474 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Despite landmark therapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), drug resistance remains problematic. Cancer pathogenesis involves epigenetic dysregulation and in particular, histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) have been implicated in TKI resistance. We sought to identify KDMs with altered expression in CML and define their contribution to imatinib resistance. Methods: Bioinformatics screening compared KDM expression in CML versus normal bone marrow with shRNA knockdown and flow cytometry used to measure effects on imatinib-induced apoptosis in K562 cells. Transcriptomic analyses were performed against KDM6A CRISPR knockout/shRNA knockdown K562 cells along with gene rescue experiments using wildtype and mutant demethylase-dead KDM6A constructs. Co-immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter and ChIP were employed to elucidate mechanisms of KDM6A-dependent resistance. Results: Amongst five KDMs upregulated in CML, only KDM6A depletion sensitized CML cells to imatinib-induced apoptosis. Re-introduction of demethylase-dead KDM6A as well as wild-type KDM6A restored imatinib resistance. RNA-seq identified NTRK1 gene downregulation after depletion of KDM6A. Moreover, NTRK1 expression positively correlated with KDM6A in a subset of clinical CML samples and KDM6A knockdown in fresh CML isolates decreased NTRK1 encoded protein (TRKA) expression. Mechanistically, KDM6A was recruited to the NTRK1 promoter by the transcription factor YY1 with subsequent TRKA upregulation activating down-stream survival pathways to invoke imatinib resistance. Conclusion: Contrary to its reported role as a tumor suppressor and independent of its demethylase function, KDM6A promotes imatinib-resistance in CML cells. The identification of the KDM6A/YY1/TRKA axis as a novel imatinib-resistance mechanism represents an unexplored avenue to overcome TKI resistance in CML.
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Ramezankhani R, Solhi R, Es HA, Vosough M, Hassan M. Novel molecular targets in gastric adenocarcinoma. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 220:107714. [PMID: 33172596 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. A high mortality rate and resistance to treatment protocols due to a heterogeneous molecular pathogenesis has made discovering the key etiologic molecular alterations of the utmost importance. The remarkable role played by epigenetic modifications in repressing or activating many cancer-related genes and forming new epigenetic signatures can affect cancer initiation and progression. Hence, targeting the key epigenetic drivers could potentially attenuate cancer progression. MLLs, ARID1A and EZH2 are among the major epigenetic players that are frequently mutated in GACs. In this paper, we have proposed the existence of a network between these proteins that, together with PCAF and KDM6A, control the 3D chromatin structure and regulate the expression of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and oncogenes in GAC. Therefore, we suggest that manipulating the expression of EZH2, PCAF, and KDM6A or their downstream targets may reduce the cancerous phenotype in GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Ramezankhani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Basic Science and Advanced Medical Technologies, Royan Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran; Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Biology and Embryology, KU Leuven Stem Cell Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roya Solhi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; ECM, Clinical research center (KFC), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Sweden.
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Das P, Taube JH. Regulating Methylation at H3K27: A Trick or Treat for Cancer Cell Plasticity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2792. [PMID: 33003334 PMCID: PMC7600873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Properly timed addition and removal of histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) is critical for enabling proper differentiation throughout all stages of development and, likewise, can guide carcinoma cells into altered differentiation states which correspond to poor prognoses and treatment evasion. In early embryonic stages, H3K27me3 is invoked to silence genes and restrict cell fate. Not surprisingly, mutation or altered functionality in the enzymes that regulate this pathway results in aberrant methylation or demethylation that can lead to malignancy. Likewise, changes in expression or activity of these enzymes impact cellular plasticity, metastasis, and treatment evasion. This review focuses on current knowledge regarding methylation and de-methylation of H3K27 in cancer initiation and cancer cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph H. Taube
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA;
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Abstract
Sequence analyses highlight a massive peptide sharing between immunoreactive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) epitopes and human proteins that—when mutated, deficient or improperly functioning—associate with tumorigenesis, diabetes, lupus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and immunodeficiencies, among others. Peptide commonality appears to be the molecular platform capable of linking EBV infection to the vast EBV-associated diseasome via cross-reactivity and questions the hypothesis of the “negative selection” of self-reactive lymphocytes. Of utmost importance, this study warns that using entire antigens in anti-EBV immunotherapies can associate with autoimmune manifestations and further supports the concept of peptide uniqueness for designing safe and effective anti-EBV immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University School of Medicine, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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Hayashi T, Fujita K, Hayashi Y, Hatano K, Kawashima A, McConkey DJ, Nonomura N. Mutational Landscape and Environmental Effects in Bladder Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176072. [PMID: 32842545 PMCID: PMC7503658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common cancer of the urinary tract. Although nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancers have a good prognosis, muscle-invasive bladder cancers promote metastases and have a poor prognosis. Comprehensive analyses using RNA sequence of clinical tumor samples in bladder cancer have been reported. These reports implicated the candidate genes and pathways that play important roles in carcinogenesis and/or progression of bladder cancer. Further investigations for the function of each mutation are warranted. There is suggestive evidence for several environmental factors as risk factors of bladder cancer. Environmental factors such as cigarette smoking, exposure to chemicals and gases, bladder inflammation due to microbial and parasitic infections, diet, and nutrition could induce several genetic mutations and alter the tumor microenvironment, such as immune cells and fibroblasts. The detailed mechanism of how these environmental factors induce carcinogenesis and/or progression of bladder cancer remains unclear. To identify the relationship between the mutations and the lifestyle could be useful for prevention and treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.H.); (K.H.); (A.K.); (N.N.)
- Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 21287-2101, USA;
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.H.); (K.H.); (A.K.); (N.N.)
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Ohno-higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-3531; Fax: +81-6-6879-3539
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.H.); (K.H.); (A.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.H.); (K.H.); (A.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Atsunari Kawashima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.H.); (K.H.); (A.K.); (N.N.)
| | - David J. McConkey
- Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 21287-2101, USA;
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (T.H.); (Y.H.); (K.H.); (A.K.); (N.N.)
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50
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Zhang J, Ying Y, Li M, Wang M, Huang X, Jia M, Zeng J, Ma C, Zhang Y, Li C, Wang X, Shu XS. Targeted inhibition of KDM6 histone demethylases eradicates tumor-initiating cells via enhancer reprogramming in colorectal cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:10016-10030. [PMID: 32929331 PMCID: PMC7481431 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) maintain heterogeneity within tumors and seed metastases at distant sites, contributing to therapeutic resistance and disease recurrence. In colorectal cancer (CRC), strategy that effectively eradicates TICs and is of potential value for clinical use still remains in need. Methods: The anti-tumorigenic activity of a small-molecule inhibitor of KDM6 histone demethylases named GSK-J4 in CRC was evaluated by in vitro assays and in vivo imaging of xenografted tumors. Sphere formation, flow cytometry analysis of cell surface markers and intestinal organoid formation were performed to examine the impact of GSK-J4 on TIC properties. Transcriptome analysis and global profiling of H3K27ac, H3K27me3, and KDM6A levels by ChIP-seq were conducted to elucidate how KDM6 inhibition reshapes epigenetic landscape and thereby eliminating TICs. Results: GSK-J4 alleviated the malignant phenotypes of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo, sensitized them to chemotherapeutic treatment, and strongly repressed TIC properties and stemness-associated gene signatures in these cells. Mechanistically, KDM6 inhibition induced global enhancer reprogramming with a preferential impact on super-enhancer-associated genes, including some key genes that control stemness in CRC such as ID1. Besides, expression of both Kdm6a and Kdm6b was more abundant in mouse intestinal crypt when compared with upper villus and inhibition of their activities blocked intestinal organoid formation. Finally, we unveiled the power of KDM6B in predicting both the overall survival outcome and recurrence of CRC patients. Conclusions: Our study provides a novel rational strategy to eradicate TICs through reshaping epigenetic landscape in CRC, which might also be beneficial for optimizing current therapeutics.
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