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Choochuay K, Kunhapan P, Puangpetch A, Tongsima S, Srisawasdi P, Sobhonslidsuk A, Sungkanuparph S, Biswas M, Sukasem C. Associations of PNPLA3 and LEP genetic polymorphisms with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in Thai people living with human immunodeficiency virus. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:366-378. [PMID: 38577531 PMCID: PMC10989307 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i3.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a growing public health issue in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). However, the pathophysiology of MAFLD is still unknown, and the role of genetic variables is only now becoming evident. AIM To evaluate the associations of gene-polymorphism-related MAFLD in PLWH. METHODS The study employed transient elastography with a controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m to identify MAFLD in patients from a Super Tertiary Hospital in central Thailand. Candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using TaqMan® MGB probe 5' nuclease assays for seven MAFLD-related genes. Statistical analyses included SNP frequency analysis, Fisher's Exact and Chi-square tests, odds ratio calculations, and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The G-allele carriers of PNPLA3 (rs738409) exhibited a two-fold rise in MAFLD, increasing by 2.5 times in MAFLD with human immunodeficiency virus infection. The clinical features and genetic patterns imply that LEP rs7799039 A-allele carriers had a nine times (P = 0.001) more significant chance of developing aberrant triglyceride among PLWH. CONCLUSION The current study shows an association between PNPLA3 rs738409 and LEP rs7799039 with MAFLD in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanuengnit Choochuay
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Punna Kunhapan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Apichaya Puangpetch
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pornpen Srisawasdi
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Abhasnee Sobhonslidsuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somnuek Sungkanuparph
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Mohitosh Biswas
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Pharmacogenomics Clinic, Bumrungrad Genomic Medicine Institute, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Research and Development Laboratory, Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
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Cao L, An Y, Liu H, Jiang J, Liu W, Zhou Y, Shi M, Dai W, Lv Y, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Chen L, Xia Y. Global epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in patients with NAFLD or MAFLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2024; 22:101. [PMID: 38448943 PMCID: PMC10919055 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) shares common pathophysiological mechanisms with type 2 diabetes, making them significant risk factors for type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to assess the epidemiological feature of type 2 diabetes in patients with NAFLD or MAFLD at global levels. METHODS Published studies were searched for terms that included type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD or MAFLD using PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases from their inception to December 2022. The pooled global and regional prevalence and incidence density of type 2 diabetes in patients with NAFLD or MAFLD were evaluated using random-effects meta-analysis. Potential sources of heterogeneity were investigated using stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS A total of 395 studies (6,878,568 participants with NAFLD; 1,172,637 participants with MAFLD) from 40 countries or areas were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of type 2 diabetes among NAFLD or MAFLD patients was 28.3% (95% confidence interval 25.2-31.6%) and 26.2% (23.9-28.6%) globally. The incidence density of type 2 diabetes in NAFLD or MAFLD patients was 24.6 per 1000-person year (20.7 to 29.2) and 26.9 per 1000-person year (7.3 to 44.4), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The present study describes the global prevalence and incidence of type 2 diabetes in patients with NAFLD or MAFLD. The study findings serve as a valuable resource to assess the global clinical and economic impact of type 2 diabetes in patients with NAFLD or MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Cao
- The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research On Major Chronic Disease, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinguo Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research On Major Chronic Disease, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research On Major Chronic Disease, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research On Major Chronic Disease, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengyuan Shi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research On Major Chronic Disease, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research On Major Chronic Disease, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanling Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuhong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research On Major Chronic Disease, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Liangkai Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004, China.
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research On Major Chronic Disease, Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
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Liu C, Fang Z, Yang K, Ji Y, Yu X, Guo Z, Dong Z, Zhu T, Liu C. Identification and validation of cuproptosis-related molecular clusters in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18091. [PMID: 38169083 PMCID: PMC10844703 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major chronic liver disease worldwide. Cuproptosis has recently been reported as a form of cell death that appears to drive the progression of a variety of diseases. This study aimed to explore cuproptosis-related molecular clusters and construct a prediction model. The gene expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The associations between molecular clusters of cuproptosis-related genes and immune cell infiltration were investigated using 50 NAFLD samples. Furthermore, cluster-specific differentially expressed genes were identified by the WGCNA algorithm. External datasets were used to verify and screen feature genes, and nomograms, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed to verify the performance of the prediction model. Finally, a NAFLD-diet mouse model was constructed to further verify the predictive analysis, thus providing new insights into the prediction of NAFLD clusters and risks. The role of cuproptosis in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and immune cell infiltration was explored. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was divided into two cuproptosis-related molecular clusters by unsupervised clustering. Three characteristic genes (ENO3, SLC16A1 and LEPR) were selected by machine learning and external data set validation. In addition, the accuracy of the nomogram, calibration curve and decision curve analysis in predicting NAFLD clusters was also verified. Further animal and cell experiments confirmed the difference in their expression in the NAFLD mouse model and Mouse hepatocyte cell line. The present study explored the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cuproptosis, providing new ideas and targets for individual treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxu Liu
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhihao Fang
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Yanchao Ji
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - ZiHao Guo
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Zhichao Dong
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of General SurgeryFourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
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Association between SNPs in Leptin Pathway Genes and Anthropometric, Biochemical, and Dietary Markers Related to Obesity. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060945. [PMID: 35741707 PMCID: PMC9222344 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the main public health problems in Mexico and the world and one from which a large number of pathologies derive. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of various genes have been studied and proven to contribute to the development of multiple diseases. SNPs of the leptin pathway have been associated with the control of hunger and energy expenditure as well as with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the present work focused on determining the association between anthropometric markers and biochemical and dietary factors related to obesity and SNPs of leptin pathway genes, such as the leptin gene (LEP), the leptin receptor (LEPR), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), prohormone convertase 1 (PCSK1), and the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R). A population of 574 young Mexican adults of both sexes, aged 19 years old on average and without metabolic disorders previously diagnosed, underwent a complete medical and nutritional evaluation, biochemical determination, and DNA extraction from the blood; DNA samples were subsequently genotyped. Association analyses between anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables with SNPs were performed using binary logistic regressions (p-value = 0.05). Although the sampled population did not have previously diagnosed diseases, the evaluation results showed that 33% were overweight or obese according to BMI and 64% had non-clinically elevated levels of body fat. From the 74 SNP markers analyzed from the five previously mentioned genes, 62 showed polymorphisms within the sampled population, and only 35 of these had significant associations with clinical variables. The risk associations (OR > 1) occurred between clinical markers with elevated values for waist circumference, waist−height index, BMI, body fat percentage, glucose levels, insulin levels, HOMA-IR, triglyceride levels, cholesterol levels, LDL-c, low HDL-c, carbohydrate intake, and protein intake and SNPs of the LEP, LEPR, PCSK1, and MC4R genes. On the other hand, the protective associations (OR < 1) were associated with markers including elevated values for insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, c-LDL, energy intake > 2440 Kcal/day, and lipid intake and SNPs of the LEP and LEPR genes and POMC. The present study describes associations between SNPs in leptin pathway genes, revealing positive and negative interactions between reported SNPs and the clinical markers related to obesity in a sampled Mexican population. Hence, our results open the door for the further study of new genetic variants and their influence on obesity.
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Zambrano-Zaragoza JF, Vázquez-Reyes A, Durán-Avelar MDJ, Gutiérrez-Franco J, Vibanco-Pérez N, Agraz-Cibrián JM, Pérez-Cambero H, Ayón-Pérez MF. Deleted genes associated with obesity in Mexican patients diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Hum Genet 2022; 86:237-244. [PMID: 35343586 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex metabolic condition in which both lifestyle and genetic factors have a pathogenic role. The LEP gene encodes leptin, which regulates appetite, body weight, and several metabolic functions. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), regulates food intake and energy balance. The aim of the study was to determine partial or complete deletions of genes associated with obesity in patients diagnosed with NAFLD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood samples and DNA from 43 individuals diagnosed with NAFLD by ultrasonographic technique (Fibroscan) were obtained. The partial or complete deletions of genes were determined by MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification) using the SALSA probemix P220-B2 Obesity only on 43 individuals. Fifty blood samples from healthy individuals were included. RESULTS Eleven out of 43 individuals analyzed by MLPA presented some deletion of the genes analyzed: six were female and five were male. The partial or complete deletion of the LEPR and POMC genes was observed in eight patients (18.6%), SIM1 in six patients (13.9%), GRIK2 and SH2B1 in two patients (4.7%), SEZGL2 in four patients (9.3%), and MCR4 in one patient (2.3%). CONCLUSION Partial deletion was observed in LEPR, POMC, SIM1, GRIK2, SH2B1, SEZGL2, and MCR4 genes in 26% of the cases, and we suggest that these alterations probably has a potential relationship for the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Zambrano-Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología. Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Alejandro Vázquez-Reyes
- Laboratorios de Investigación en Biología Molecular e Inmunología. Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Ma de Jesús Durán-Avelar
- Laboratorios de Investigación en Biología Molecular e Inmunología. Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Jorge Gutiérrez-Franco
- Laboratorio de Inmunología. Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Norberto Vibanco-Pérez
- Laboratorios de Investigación en Biología Molecular e Inmunología. Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Juan Manuel Agraz-Cibrián
- Laboratorio de Inmunología. Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Horacio Pérez-Cambero
- Comisión Estatal para la Protección Contra Riesgo Sanitario de Nayarit, Servicios de Salud de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Miriam Fabiola Ayón-Pérez
- Laboratorios de Investigación en Biología Molecular e Inmunología. Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, México
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Mahmoudi A, Butler AE, Majeed M, Banach M, Sahebkar A. Investigation of the Effect of Curcumin on Protein Targets in NAFLD Using Bioinformatic Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071331. [PMID: 35405942 PMCID: PMC9002953 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent metabolic disorder. Defects in function/expression of genes/proteins are critical in initiation/progression of NAFLD. Natural products may modulate these genes/proteins. Curcumin improves steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis progression. Here, bioinformatic tools, gene−drug and gene-disease databases were utilized to explore targets, interactions, and pathways through which curcumin could impact NAFLD. METHODS: Significant curcumin−protein interaction was identified (high-confidence:0.7) in the STITCH database. Identified proteins were investigated to determine association with NAFLD. gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were analyzed for significantly involved targets (p < 0.01). Specificity of obtained targets with NAFLD was estimated and investigated in Tissue/Cells−gene associations (PanglaoDB Augmented 2021, Mouse Gene Atlas) and Disease−gene association-based EnrichR algorithms (Jensen DISEASES, DisGeNET). RESULTS: Two collections were constructed: 227 protein−curcumin interactions and 95 NAFLD-associated genes. By Venn diagram, 14 significant targets were identified, and their biological pathways evaluated. Based on gene ontology, most targets involved stress and lipid metabolism. KEGG revealed chemical carcinogenesis, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and NAFLD as the most common significant pathways. Specificity to diseases database (EnrichR algorithm) revealed specificity for steatosis/steatohepatitis. CONCLUSION: Curcumin may improve, or inhibit, progression of NAFLD through activation/inhibition of NAFLD-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177899191, Iran;
| | - Alexandra E. Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya 15503, Bahrain;
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-338 Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Gora, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177899191, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177899191, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177899191, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (A.S.)
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Target Deconvolution of Fenofibrate in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2021:3654660. [PMID: 34988225 PMCID: PMC8720586 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3654660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent form of liver damage, affecting ~25% of the global population. NAFLD comprises a spectrum of liver pathologies, from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and may progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. The presence of NAFLD correlates with metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, obesity, blood hypertension, cardiovascular, and insulin resistance. Fenofibrate is an agonist drug for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), used principally for treatment of hyperlipidemia. However, fenofibrate has recently been investigated in clinical trials for treatment of other metabolic disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and NAFLD. The evidence to date indicates that fenofibrate could improve NAFLD. While PPARα is considered to be the main target of fenofibrate, fenofibrate may exert its effect through impact on other genes and pathways thereby alleviating, and possibly reversing, NAFLD. In this study, using bioinformatics tools and gene-drug, gene-diseases databases, we sought to explore possible targets, interactions, and pathways involved in fenofibrate and NAFLD. Methods We first determined significant protein interactions with fenofibrate in the STITCH database with high confidence (0.7). Next, we investigated the identified proteins on curated targets in two databases, including the DisGeNET and DISEASES databases, to determine their association with NAFLD. We finally constructed a Venn diagram for these two collections (curated genes-NAFLD and fenofibrate-STITCH) to uncover possible primary targets of fenofibrate. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG were analyzed to detect the significantly involved targets in molecular function, biological process, cellular component, and biological pathways. A P value < 0.01 was considered the cut-off criterion. We also estimated the specificity of targets with NAFLD by investigating them in disease-gene associations (STRING) and EnrichR (DisGeNET). Finally, we verified our findings in the scientific literature. Results We constructed two collections, one with 80 protein-drug interactions and the other with 95 genes associated with NAFLD. Using the Venn diagram, we identified 11 significant targets including LEP, SIRT1, ADIPOQ, PPARA, SREBF1, LDLR, GSTP1, VLDLR, SCARB1, MMP1, and APOC3 and then evaluated their biological pathways. Based on Gene Ontology, most of the targets are involved in lipid metabolism, and KEGG enrichment pathways showed the PPAR signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and NAFLD as the most significant pathways. The interrogation of those targets on authentic disease databases showed they were more specific to both steatosis and steatohepatitis liver injury than to any other diseases in these databases. Finally, we identified three significant genes, APOC3, PPARA, and SREBF1, that showed robust drug interaction with fenofibrate. Conclusion Fenofibrate may exert its effect directly or indirectly, via modulation of several key targets and pathways, in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Karam HA, Bessa SS, Ali EMM, Diab T, Mohamed TM. The Inter-Relation between Leptin Receptor (Q223R) Gene Polymorphism and the Risk of Egyptian Patients with HCC. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3557-3565. [PMID: 33369452 PMCID: PMC8046304 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The relationship of leptin (LEP) and polymorphism of leptin receptor (LEPR) were studied in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compared with those with liver cirrhosis to find out the extent of the risk of LEPR on patients with HCC. Methods: Serum LEP level and LEPR Q223R gene polymorphism were determined in 300 patients with liver disease categorized equally into five groups’ healthy volunteers, patients with hepatitis C (HCV), patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis and HCC. LEPR gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) then digested by the MSP1 restriction enzyme. Results: The isolated 212 bp of LEPR was sequenced. The serum LEP level was reduced in patients with cirrhotic and HCC. Serum LEP level had negatively correlated with both tumor grade and size in HCC patients. The data obtained from restriction fragment length polymorphismPCR and sequencing revealed the existence of a novel synonymous Q223R single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon 223 of LEPR gene (1137101). LEPR Gln223Arg, GG and GA genotypes were found in all studied groups. LEPR Gln223Arg, AA genotype was found in NASH, HCC, and control. LEPR Gln223Arg GA genotype is associated with some patients with HCC. Conclusion: GA genotype of LEPR Gln223Arg may be regarded as a probable genetic risk factor for Egyptian patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala A Karam
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sahar S Bessa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ehab M M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Thoria Diab
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek M Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Weinland C, Tanovska P, Kornhuber J, Mühle C, Lenz B. Serum lipids, leptin, and soluble leptin receptor in alcohol dependence: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107898. [PMID: 32163828 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol dependence affects metabolic processes. Further research is needed to apply this knowledge clinically. In this study, possible differences in serum lipids and/or leptin activities between alcohol-dependent in-patients and healthy controls and possible associations with alcohol-related blood parameters and with prospective outcomes in alcohol dependence were assessed sex-specifically. METHOD We measured and compared (median) serum lipids (triglycerides and total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol) and leptin activities (leptin, soluble leptin receptor [ObRe], and free leptin index) in 200 (males 56.5 %) early-abstinent alcohol-dependent in-patients and 240 (males 55.4 %) healthy controls and assessed alcohol-related readmissions during a 24 -month post-inclusion period. RESULTS Male patients showed higher HDL cholesterol (61 versus 48 mg/dl), lower LDL/HDL ratios (2.06 versus 3.04), and lower free leptin index (0.30 versus 0.59) at study inclusion compared to healthy controls. In patients, ObRe levels were higher than in controls and decreased from inclusion to the second study-visit (at median 5 days later; males: 16.7-13.8 versus 11.0 ng/ml; females: 17.0-13.4 versus 12.1 ng/ml). The free leptin index increased between the two time points in females (0.80 versus 1.20). Lipids and leptin activities correlated with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin levels and liver enzyme activities. None of the serum parameters were significantly associated with alcohol-related readmissions. CONCLUSION Our data support that serum lipid levels and leptin activities are involved in alcohol dependence. The parameters appear as possible indirect biomarkers for alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Petya Tanovska
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany; Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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10
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Zhao Z, Peng W, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Liu T, Bai H, Wu Q, Song J, Wu L, Song X, Ying B. Association of LEPR polymorphisms with predisposition and inflammatory response in anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury: A pilot prospective investigation in Western Chinese Han population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Cardiovascular Risk in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173104. [PMID: 31455011 PMCID: PMC6747357 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New evidence suggests that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a strong multifaceted relationship with diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, regardless of traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Given the pandemic-level rise of NAFLD—in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome—and its association with poor cardiovascular outcomes, the question of how to manage NAFLD properly, in order to reduce the burden of associated incident cardiovascular events, is both timely and highly relevant. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the association between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease, and also to discuss possible clinical strategies for cardiovascular risk assessment, as well as the spectrum of available therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and its downstream events.
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Kovalic AJ, Banerjee P, Tran QT, Singal AK, Satapathy SK. Genetic and Epigenetic Culprits in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2018; 8:390-402. [PMID: 30564000 PMCID: PMC6286466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) constitutes a wide spectrum of liver pathology with hepatic steatosis at the core of this pathogenesis. Variations of certain genetic components have demonstrated increased susceptibility for hepatic steatosis. Therefore, these inciting variants must be further characterized in order to ultimately provide effective, targeted therapies for NAFLD and will be the focus of this review. Several genetic variants revealed an association with NAFLD through Genome-wide Association Study, meta-analyses, and retrospective case-control studies. PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 are the two genetic variants providing the strongest evidence for association with NAFLD. However, it remains to be determined if these genetic variants serve as the primary culprit which induces the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Prospective and intervention studies are urgently needed to firmly establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the presence of certain genetic variants and risk of NAFLD development and progression.
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Key Words
- 1H-MRS, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- ACC2, Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 2
- ACLY, ATP Citrate Lyase
- BMI, Body Mass Index
- CK-18, Cytokeratin 18
- CT, Computed Tomography
- FASN, Fatty Acid Synthase
- GWAS, Genome-wide Association Study
- HCC, Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- LT, Liver Transplantation
- NAFLD, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
- NASH, Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
- SCD1, Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1
- SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
- US, Ultrasonography
- epigenetics
- genetic polymorphisms
- genetic variants
- miRNA, MicroRNA
- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- single nucleotide polymorphisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Kovalic
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Pratik Banerjee
- University of Memphis, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Quynh T. Tran
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Preventive Medicine, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ashwani K. Singal
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sanjaya K. Satapathy
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute, Memphis, TN, United States
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de Carvalho VDCV, Silva LCA, Araújo RM, da Silva Soares FC, Bezerra MJR, de Oliveira SAV, de Melo Silva AJ, Montenegro ST, Werkhauser RP, da Silva CGR, Gomes AV, de Morais CNL, Montenegro SML. Acute coronary syndrome: Relationship between genetic variants and TIMI risk. Cytokine 2018; 110:344-349. [PMID: 29655567 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a multifactorial disease, including the genetic factor, caused by coronary artery obstruction by atheroma. Some genetic variants have been described as risk factors for this disease. Its early diagnosis and stratification of risk of death by Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) are important. Therefore, we evaluated variants in the IL6R (c950-1722C>T), TNFa (c.-488G>A), LEPR (c.2673+1118C>T) and IL1b (c.-598T>C) genes in relation to TIMI risk, cytokine serum levels, and risk factors for ACS. We selected 200 patients with ACS, 50 without ACS from the Real Hospital Português, Recife - PE, and 295 blood donors at the Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Pernambuco (Hemope). Variants were determined by DNA sequencing or enzymatic cleavage. Cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. The most frequent risk factors found in the patients were dyslipidemia and hypertension, this latter associated with high TIMI risk (p = 0.003). Genotype frequencies of IL6R and TNFa differed between patients with ACS and the blood donors (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.01, respectively), and TNF-α levels differed between genotypes. The TT genotype of the IL6R gene is as a possible protective factor for ACS because it was significantly more present in blood donors (32.2%) than in patients with ACS (18.0%), and was more frequent in low TIMI risk (22.9%) than in the intermediate (20.2%) or high (4.9%). In patients with ACS, the TT genotype in IL6R was related to a lower concentration of c-reactive protein (p = 0.03) and troponin (p = 0.02), showing a less inflammatory reaction and tissue damage. The differences in the frequencies of variants in genes of medical interest among the groups show the importance of studies in specific populations groups to establish the relationship between genes and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane do Carmo Vasconcelos de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz - PE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Zipe Code: 50.740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Lílian Caroliny Amorim Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz - PE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Zipe Code: 50.740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Romário Martins Araújo
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz - PE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Zipe Code: 50.740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Fábia Carla da Silva Soares
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz - PE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Zipe Code: 50.740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Maria José Ribeiro Bezerra
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz - PE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Zipe Code: 50.740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Sávio Augusto Vieira de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz - PE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Zipe Code: 50.740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Alex José de Melo Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz - PE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Zipe Code: 50.740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Tavares Montenegro
- Real Hospital do Coração, Real Hospital Português (RHP), Av. Gov. Agamenon Magalhães, 4760, Paissandu, Zipe Code: 52010-902, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Pereira Werkhauser
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz - PE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Zipe Code: 50.740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Gustavo Régis da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fiocruz - BA, R. Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal, Zipe Code: 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Adriana Vieira Gomes
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - FCM, Universidade de Pernambuco - UPE, Rua Arnóbio Marques, 310, Santo Amaro, Zipe Code: 50100-130, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Clarice Neuenschwander Lins de Morais
- Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental (LaViTE), Departamento de Virologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz - PE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Zip Code: 50.740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Maria Lucena Montenegro
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz - PE, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Zipe Code: 50.740-465, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Youssef SS, Hamdy NM. SOCS1 and pattern recognition receptors: TLR9 and RIG-I; novel haplotype associations in Egyptian fibrotic/cirrhotic patients with HCV genotype 4. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3347-3354. [PMID: 28762092 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we explore the role of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) (rs243327), the regulator of toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) (rs352140), retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) (rs669260), and cluster of differentiation 152 (CD152) (rs231776) in fibrotic/cirrhotic patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these genes as well as haplotype analyses were performed on a cohort of 120 Egyptian fibrotic patients. Fibrosis had progressed from HCV genotype 4 infections. Using RT-PCR, SNPs were evaluated in the DNA collected from each patient using TaqMan® genotyping assays. A regression model was used to evaluate allelic and haplotypic associations with a fibrosis/cirrhotic scale. The necroinflammatory A score was adjusted for non-genetic covariates. The genotype distributions for SOCS1 (rs243327) and TLR-9 (rs352140) differed significantly between the F1-F3 and F3-F4 groups. On the other hand, the genotype distributions for RIG-I (rs669260) and CD152 (rs231776) genes did not significantly differ. The allele frequency was calculated using Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) for the SOCS1 (rs243327), RIG-I (rs669260), and CD152 (rs231776) genes. These calculated frequency values indicated the need to compare them to another population for that locus. However, TLR9 (rs352140) did not show similar results. The A allele in SOCS1, TLR9, and RIG-I SNPs was an adverse prognostic factor for liver fibrosis and liver activity. Haplotype analysis revealed a significant association between SOCS1 and TLR9 in fibrotic/cirrhotic patients. This indicated the presence of the A allele in either gene, which is considered a risk factor for the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis. SOCS1 rs243327, TLR9 rs352140, and RIG-I rs669260 polymorphisms might affect liver pathophysiology and the cirrhotic outcome following genotype 4 HCV infection. Therefore, performing this specific SNP testing may be of value for the stratification of the population at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar S Youssef
- Genetic Engineering Division, Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, El Behous st, Dokki, Cairo, Giza, 12311, Egypt.
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Wang C, Gong J, Wu H. Development of gene polymorphisms in meditators of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:95-104. [PMID: 28804621 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, the morbidity of which closely correlates with diversity of ethnicity, minority, family and location. Its histology spans from simple steatosis, to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which ultimately results in fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The accelerating prevalence of NAFLD is due to an incremental incidence of metabolic syndrome that is distinguished by dyslipidemia, glucose impairment, obesity, excessive oxidative stress and adipocytokine impairment. Additionally, the pathogenesis of NAFLD is thought to be a multifactorial and complicated disease associated with lifestyle habits, nutritional factors and genetics. However, the pathogenesis and underlying mechanism in the development of NAFLD caused by genetics remains unclear. People have been increasingly emphasizing on the relationship between NAFLD and gene polymorphisms in recent years, with the aim of having a comprehensive elucidation of associated gene polymorphisms influencing the pathogenesis of the disease. In the current article, the authors attempted to critically summarize the most recently identified gene polymorphisms from the facets of glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress and related cytokines in NAFLD that contribute to promoting the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402161, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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Panera N, Della Corte C, Crudele A, Stronati L, Nobili V, Alisi A. Recent advances in understanding the role of adipocytokines during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis and their link with hepatokines. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 10:393-403. [PMID: 26654761 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2016.1110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently considered the main cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Mechanisms leading to the development and progression of this disease are topics of great interest for researchers and clinicians. The current multi-hit hypothesis has thrown the crosstalk between liver and adipose tissue into sharp focus. It is well known that adipose tissue produces circulating factors, known as adipocytokines, which exert several effects on liver cells, promoting the onset of NAFLD and its progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese subjects. In a similar way, hepatocytes may also respond to obesogenic stimuli by producing and releasing hepatokines into the circulation. Here, the authors provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the role of the most relevant adipocytokines and hepatokines in NAFLD pathogenesis, highlighting their possible molecular and functional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Panera
- a Liver Research Unit , 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Claudia Della Corte
- b Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit , 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Annalisa Crudele
- a Liver Research Unit , 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Laura Stronati
- c Department of Radiobiology and Human Health , ENEA , Rome , Italy
| | - Valerio Nobili
- b Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit , 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome , Italy
| | - Anna Alisi
- a Liver Research Unit , 'Bambino Gesù' Children's Hospital, IRCCS , Rome , Italy
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Li X, Lu J, Wang Y, Huo X, Li Z, Zhang S, Li C, Guo M, Du X, Chen Z. Establishment and Characterization of a Newly Established Diabetic Gerbil Line. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159420. [PMID: 27427908 PMCID: PMC4948894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We aimed to selectively breed a spontaneous diabetic gerbil when a sub-line of inbred gerbil showed increased blood glucose levels was found recently. Then we investigated the characteristics including the serum insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, leptin, adiponectin and explored the underlying molecular mechanism for the diabetic phenotype. Methods The spontaneous diabetic line of gerbils was selectively inbreed the sub-line of gerbil by monitoring blood glucose of each animal. The serum insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels were tested using an ELISA kit. The expression levels of GLUT4, Akt, leptin, adiponectin, and calpain 10 (CAPN10) were tested by western blot and Quantitative Real-time PCR (qPCR) in liver, skeletal muscle, and white adipose. Results Our results show that the percentages of animals with FPG≥5.2 (mmol/l), PG2h≥6.8 (mmol/l) and both FPG≥5.2 and PG2h≥6.8 (mmol/l) were increased with the number of breeding generations from F0 (21.33%) to F6 (38.46%). These diabetic gerbils exhibited insulin resistance and leptin resistance as well as decreased adiponectin level in the serum. We also observed decreased expression of adiponectin and increased expression of leptin in the skeletal muscle, respectively. Conclusions These results indicate that we have primarily established a spontaneous diabetic gerbil line, and the diabetic phenotypes may have been accounted for by altered expression of leptin and adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xueyun Huo
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhenkun Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuangyue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Changlong Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Meng Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
- * E-mail: (ZC); (XD)
| | - Zhenwen Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion & Metastasis Research, Beijing 100069, China
- * E-mail: (ZC); (XD)
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Polyzos SA, Aronis KN, Kountouras J, Raptis DD, Vasiloglou MF, Mantzoros CS. Circulating leptin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2016; 59:30-43. [PMID: 26407715 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Clinical data regarding circulating leptin levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are conflicting. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare leptin levels between the following groups: patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD vs controls; simple steatosis (SS) patients vs controls; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients vs controls and NASH patients vs SS patients. METHODS We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Library. We analysed 33 studies, published between 1999 and 2014, including 2,612 individuals (775 controls and 1,837 NAFLD patients). RESULTS Higher circulating leptin levels were observed in NAFLD patients vs controls (standardised mean difference [SMD] 0.640; 95% CI 0.422, 0.858), SS patients vs controls (SMD 0.358; 95% CI 0.043, 0.673), NASH patients vs controls (SMD 0.617; 95% CI 0.403, 0.832) and NASH patients vs SS patients (SMD 0.209; 95% CI 0.023, 0.395). These results remained essentially unchanged after excluding studies involving paediatric or adolescent populations and/or individuals undergoing bariatric surgery. There was moderate-to-severe heterogeneity among studies in all comparisons, but no significant publication bias was detected. Meta-regression analysis demonstrated that BMI was inversely associated with leptin SMD and accounted for 26.5% (p = 0.014) and 32.7% (p = 0.021) of the between-study variance in the comparison between NASH patients and controls and NAFLD patients and controls, respectively. However, when bariatric studies were excluded, BMI did not significantly explain the between-study variance. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Circulating leptin levels were higher in patients with NAFLD than in controls. Higher levels of circulating leptin were associated with increased severity of NAFLD, and the association remained significant after the exclusion of studies involving paediatric or adolescent populations and morbidly obese individuals subjected to bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- Second Medical Clinic, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 49 Konstantinoupoleos, 546 42, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos N Aronis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 49 Konstantinoupoleos, 546 42, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios D Raptis
- Second Medical Clinic, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 49 Konstantinoupoleos, 546 42, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria F Vasiloglou
- Second Medical Clinic, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, 49 Konstantinoupoleos, 546 42, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Boston VA Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Macaluso FS, Maida M, Petta S. Genetic background in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11088-11111. [PMID: 26494964 PMCID: PMC4607907 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i39.11088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Western world, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most significant liver diseases of the twenty-first century. Its development is certainly driven by environmental factors, but it is also regulated by genetic background. The role of heritability has been widely demonstrated by several epidemiological, familial, and twin studies and case series, and likely reflects the wide inter-individual and inter-ethnic genetic variability in systemic metabolism and wound healing response processes. Consistent with this idea, genome-wide association studies have clearly identified Patatin-like phosholipase domain-containing 3 gene variant I148M as a major player in the development and progression of NAFLD. More recently, the transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 E167K variant emerged as a relevant contributor in both NAFLD pathogenesis and cardiovascular outcomes. Furthermore, numerous case-control studies have been performed to elucidate the potential role of candidate genes in the pathogenesis and progression of fatty liver, although findings are sometimes contradictory. Accordingly, we performed a comprehensive literature search and review on the role of genetics in NAFLD. We emphasize the strengths and weaknesses of the available literature and outline the putative role of each genetic variant in influencing susceptibility and/or progression of the disease.
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LEGHI GE, DOMENICI FA, VANNUCCHI H. INFLUENCE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND OBESITY IN PATIENTS WITH NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2015; 52:228-33. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032015000300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundNonalcoholic steatohepatitis is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome and it is particularly associated to the insulin resistance, hypertension, obesity and abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolism.ObjectiveConsidering the importance of obesity and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, this study aimed to evaluate the presence and association of the obesity and oxidative stress in this pathology.MethodsFifteen outpatients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis group), diagnosed according to the histopathological findings from the liver biopsy, and 15 body mass index-matched subjects (non nonalcoholic steatohepatitis group) without nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were included. All volunteers were registered in a Brazilian University Hospital. Nutritional assessment (weight, height, body mass index and waist circumference) and biochemical analysis (fasting glucose, liver enzymes, lipid profile, leptin, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, vitamins C and E, catalase and 8-isoprostane) were performed for all the participants. The student t test was used for statistical analysis, with P<0.05 as the significant factor.ResultsNonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients had higher fasting glucose, hepatic enzymes (serum aspartate aminotransaminase, alanine aminotransaminase, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase), triglycerides and superoxide dismutase and lower glutathione peroxidase values than non nonalcoholic steatohepatitis individuals.ConclusionThis paper demonstrates that only the presence of obesity is not enough to trigger alterations in all the studied biomarkers. Despite the majority of oxidative stress markers being found to be similar in both conditions, the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis subjects could be slightly more affected than the non nonalcoholic steatohepatitis individuals.
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Liu Y, Chen SQ, Jing ZH, Hou X, Chen Y, Song XJ, Lv WS, Wang R, Wang YG. Association of LEPR Gln223Arg polymorphism with T2DM: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 109:e21-6. [PMID: 26094585 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of LEPR Gln223Arg polymorphism with type 2diabetes (T2DM). Sixteen individual studies with 7827 subjects were included into the meta-analysis. Current studies suggest that LEPR Gln223Arg polymorphism may not affect the susceptibility with type 2diabetes (T2DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shu-Qin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China# The two authors contribute equally to this work
| | - Zhao-Hai Jing
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xu Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xue-Jia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wen-Shan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Robin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan-Gang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Edelman D, Kalia H, Delio M, Alani M, Krishnamurthy K, Abd M, Auton A, Wang T, Wolkoff AW, Morrow BE. Genetic analysis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease within a Caribbean-Hispanic population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2015; 3:558-69. [PMID: 26740948 PMCID: PMC4694126 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored potential genetic risk factors implicated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) within a Caribbean–Hispanic population in New York City. A total of 316 individuals including 40 subjects with biopsy‐proven NAFLD, 24 ethnically matched non‐NAFLD controls, and a 252 ethnically mixed random sampling of Bronx County, New York were analyzed. Genotype analysis was performed to determine allelic frequencies of 74 known single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with NAFLD risk based on previous genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and candidate gene studies. Additionally, the entire coding region of PNPLA3, a gene showing the strongest association to NAFLD was subjected to Sanger sequencing. Results suggest that both rare and common DNA variations in PNPLA3 and SAMM50 may be correlated with NAFLD in this small population study, while common DNA variations in CHUK and ERLIN1, may have a protective interaction. Common SNPs in ENPP1 and ABCC2 have suggestive association with fatty liver, but with less compelling significance. In conclusion, Hispanic patients of Caribbean ancestry may have different interactions with NAFLD genetic modifiers; therefore, further investigation with a larger sample size, into this Caribbean–Hispanic population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Edelman
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of Medicine1301 Morris Park Ave.BronxNew York10461
| | - Harmit Kalia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesMontefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
| | - Maria Delio
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of Medicine1301 Morris Park Ave.BronxNew York10461
- Marion Bessin Liver Research CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
| | - Mustafa Alani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesMontefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
| | - Karthik Krishnamurthy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesMontefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
| | - Mortadha Abd
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesMontefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
| | - Adam Auton
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of Medicine1301 Morris Park Ave.BronxNew York10461
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population HealthAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
| | - Allan W. Wolkoff
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver DiseasesMontefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
- Marion Bessin Liver Research CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
- Department of Anatomy and Structural BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
| | - Bernice E. Morrow
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of Medicine1301 Morris Park Ave.BronxNew York10461
- Department of Anatomy and Structural BiologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew York10461
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Wood KL, Miller MH, Dillon JF. Systematic review of genetic association studies involving histologically confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2015; 2:e000019. [PMID: 26462272 PMCID: PMC4599155 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2014-000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has an increasing prevalence in Western countries, affecting up to 20% of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael H Miller
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital , Dundee , UK
| | - John F Dillon
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital , Dundee , UK
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Polyzos SA, Kountouras J, Mantzoros CS. Leptin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review. Metabolism 2015; 64:60-78. [PMID: 25456097 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leptin, the first described adipokine, interplays with hepatic metabolism. The aim of this review was to summarize available data on the association between leptin and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Leptin has a potential dual action on NAFLD experimental models, exerting a possible anti-steatotic, but also a proinflammatory and profibrogenic action. Observational clinical studies have shown higher or similar leptin levels between simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared with controls. Interventional studies showed that circulating leptin diminishes together with body mass index after successful weight loss following lifestyle modifications or bariatric surgery. Studies providing evidence for the effect of other medications on leptin levels in NAFLD populations are limited and of low power. Data from small studies claim that recombinant leptin administration had a possibly beneficial effect on steatosis, but not fibrosis, in NAFLD patients with hypoleptinemia. Although the aforementioned dual leptin action has not yet been validated in humans, leptin administration in NAFLD patients with normoleptinemia or hyperleptinemia is discouraged. Further well-controlled studies in cautiously selected populations are needed to elucidate whether leptin has any prognostic and therapeutic role in NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios A Polyzos
- Second Medical Clinic, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lim JW, Dillon J, Miller M. Proteomic and genomic studies of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - clues in the pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8325-8340. [PMID: 25024592 PMCID: PMC4093687 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i26.8325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widely prevalent hepatic disorder that covers wide spectrum of liver pathology. NAFLD is strongly associated with liver inflammation, metabolic hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance. Frequently, NAFLD has been considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The pathophysiology of NAFLD has not been fully elucidated. Some patients can remain in the stage of simple steatosis, which generally is a benign condition; whereas others can develop liver inflammation and progress into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanism behind the progression is still not fully understood. Much ongoing proteomic researches have focused on discovering the unbiased circulating biochemical markers to allow early detection and treatment of NAFLD. Comprehensive genomic studies have also begun to provide new insights into the gene polymorphism to understand patient-disease variations. Therefore, NAFLD is considered a complex and mutifactorial disease phenotype resulting from environmental exposures acting on a susceptible polygenic background. This paper reviewed the current status of proteomic and genomic studies that have contributed to the understanding of NAFLD pathogenesis. For proteomics section, this review highlighted functional proteins that involved in: (1) transportation; (2) metabolic pathway; (3) acute phase reaction; (4) anti-inflammatory; (5) extracellular matrix; and (6) immune system. In the genomic studies, this review will discuss genes which involved in: (1) lipolysis; (2) adipokines; and (3) cytokines production.
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In vitro and in vivo models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11963-80. [PMID: 23739675 PMCID: PMC3709766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
By now, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be among the most common liver diseases world-wide. NAFLD encompasses a broad spectrum of pathological conditions ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and finally even cirrhosis; however, only a minority of patients progress to end-stages of the disease, and the course of the disease progression to the later stages seems to be slow, developing progressively over several years. Key risk factors including overweight, insulin resistance, a sedentary life-style and an altered dietary pattern, as well as genetic factors and disturbances of the intestinal barrier function have been identified in recent years. Despite intense research efforts that lead to the identification of these risk factors, knowledge about disease initiation and molecular mechanisms involved in progression is still limited. This review summarizes diet-induced and genetic animal models, as well as cell culture models commonly used in recent years to add to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in NAFLD, also referring to their advantages and disadvantages.
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Hashemi M, Hanafi Bojd H, Eskandari Nasab E, Bahari A, Hashemzehi NA, Shafieipour S, Narouie B, Taheri M, Ghavami S. Association of Adiponectin rs1501299 and rs266729 Gene Polymorphisms With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2013; 13:e9527. [PMID: 23922565 PMCID: PMC3734897 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.9527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and environmental factors are important for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adiponectin is a white and brown adipose tissue hormone, and have been found to play essential roles in the regulation of energy homoeostasis. Recent reports have identified a possible role of adiponectin in NAFLD via PPARγ pathway. OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to find out the impact of adiponectin rs1501299 (276G/T) and rs266729 (-11377C/G) gene polymorphisms in NAFLD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty-three patients with diagnosis of NAFLD, and 93 healthy subjects were included in the study. Tetra ARMS-PCR was designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms. RESULTS A significant difference was found between NAFLD and control group regarding the rs266729 polymorphism (χ2 = 7.35, P = 0.025). The rs266729 polymorphism increased the risk of NAFLD in codominant (CC vs. CG: OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.16 - 4.12, P = 0.016) and dominant (CC vs. CG/GG: OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.25 - 4.27; P = 0.008) inheritance tested models. The G allele increased the risk of NAFLD (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.03 - 2.57, P = 0.037) in comparison with C allele. No significant difference was found between the groups concerning adiponectin rs1501299 gene polymorphism (χ2 = 0.70, P = 0.697). CONCLUSIONS adiponectin rs266729 polymorphism might be a candidate gene, which determines the susceptibility to NAFLD. Larger studies are necessary to confirm these findings in various populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Hashemi, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9173640366, Fax: +98-5413414571, E-mail: ;
| | - Hamideh Hanafi Bojd
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eskandari Nasab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Ali Bahari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran
| | - Noor Allah Hashemzehi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Sara Shafieipour
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Behzad Narouie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Taheri
- Genetic of Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Physiology, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, MB, Winnipeg, Canada
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Zain SM, Mohamed Z, Mahadeva S, Cheah PL, Rampal S, Chin KF, Mahfudz AS, Basu RC, Tan HL, Mohamed R. Impact of leptin receptor gene variants on risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its interaction with adiponutrin gene. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:873-9. [PMID: 23278404 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Genetic polymorphism has been implicated as a factor for the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study attempted to assess whether polymorphisms in the leptin receptor (LEPR) gene and its combined effect with patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3/adiponutrin) are associated with risk of NAFLD. METHODS A total of 144 biopsy-proven NAFLD and 198 controls were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. RESULTS We observed a significant association between the LEPR rs1137100 and rs1137101 with susceptibility to NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-2.28, P = 0.003; and OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.11-2.34, P = 0.013, respectively) and to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.05-2.12, P = 0.026; and OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.05-2.35, P = 0.029, respectively). The LEPR rs1137100 is also associated with simple steatosis (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.27-4.08, P = 0.006). Analysis of gene-gene interaction revealed a strong interaction between the LEPR and PNPLA3 genes (empirical P = 0.001). The joint effect of LEPR and PNPLA3 greatly exacerbated the risk of NAFLD (OR 3.73, 95% CI 1.84-7.55, P < 0.0001). The G allele of rs1137100 is associated with lower fibrosis score (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28-0.78, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We report an association between variants of LEPR rs1137100 and rs1137101 with risk of NAFLD. This study suggests that rs1137100, specifically the G allele, is associated with a less severe form of liver disease in patients with NAFLD. The interaction between LEPR and PNPLA3 genes showed increased risk of NAFLD compared to either gene alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsul Mohd Zain
- The Pharmacogenomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is becoming an epidemic. Fat is typically stored in adipose tissue in the form of triglycerides (TGs). The deposition of TGs in the liver is the result of an imbalance between the amount of energy taken in and the amount used. This balance is maintained by a complex interplay between the dietary intake of nutrients, the hormonal response to the nutrients, and their effect on both the liver and adipose tissue. Disruption of this system is what leads to the development of steatosis and is the focus of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Matherly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, 23298, USA
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Wang R, Duan YL. Progress in understanding the role of leptin in the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:831-836. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i10.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that is abundantly expressed in adipose tissue and has multiple biological effects related to the development of human diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolism syndrome, and cancer. Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin has been considered as fist-line therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Because this therapy is associated with many side effects, further studies on the mechanism and treatment of CHC are needed. More and more studies have demonstrated that leptin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CHC and provides a new target for the treatment of this disease. This paper reviews the recent advances in understanding the role of leptin in the pathogenesis and treatment of CHC.
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