1
|
Green BT, Welch KD, Lee ST, Stonecipher CA, Gardner DR, Stegelmeier BL, Davis TZ, Cook D. Biomarkers and their potential for detecting livestock plant poisonings in Western North America. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1104702. [PMID: 36908517 PMCID: PMC9992831 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States National Cancer Institute defines a biomarker as: "A biological molecule found in blood, other body fluids, or tissues that is a sign of a normal or abnormal process, or of a condition or disease." In Veterinary Medicine, biomarkers associated with plant poisonings of livestock have great utility. Since grazing livestock poisoned by toxic plants are often found dead, biomarkers of plant poisoning allow for a more rapid postmortem diagnosis and response to prevent further deaths. The presence and concentration of toxins in poisonous plants are biomarkers of risk for livestock poisoning that can be measured by the chemical analysis of plant material. More difficult is, the detection of plant toxins or biomarkers in biological samples from intoxicated or deceased animals. The purpose of this article is to review potential biomarkers of plant poisoning in grazing livestock in the Western North America including recently investigated non-invasive sampling techniques. Plants discussed include larkspur, lupine, water hemlock, swainsonine-containing plants, selenium-containing plants, and pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plants. Other factors such as animal age and sex that affect plant biomarker concentrations in vivo are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Kevin D Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Stephen T Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Clinton A Stonecipher
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Bryan L Stegelmeier
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - T Zane Davis
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| | - Daniel Cook
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stonecipher CA, Green BT, Welch KD, Gardner DR, Fritz SA, Cook D, Pfister JA. Mineral-salt supplementation to ameliorate larkspur poisoning in cattle. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6568352. [PMID: 35419604 PMCID: PMC9115907 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are native forbs that are poisonous to cattle and cost livestock producers millions of dollars in losses each year. Macro and micro minerals are required for normal functioning of essentially all metabolic processes in ruminants. The role that mineral status may play in larkspur poisoning in cattle is not clear. In this study, we seek to determine the effects a mineral-salt supplement, commonly used by cattle producers, to potentially reduce cattle losses to larkspur. The ability of mineral-salt supplementation to alter susceptibility to larkspur toxicosis was evaluated in a pen study. Animals supplemented with mineral-salt were found to be less susceptible to larkspur poisoning than the non-supplemented animals. A separate group of animals were then grazed on larkspur infested rangelands. One group was supplemented with a mineral-salt mix and the other group did not receive any mineral-salt. Supplementing cattle with the mineral-salt mix did not alter larkspur consumption (P > 0.05). However, overall larkspur consumption was low and averaged 3 ± 1.0% and 2 ± 1.1% for cattle supplemented with mineral and non-supplemented, respectively. Serum was collected from animals once a week during the grazing study. Average and maximum serum concentrations of toxic larkspur alkaloids were numerically higher in mineral-salt supplemented cattle compared with the non-supplemented animals. Results from the pen study suggest that a good mineral supplementation program will provide a protective effect for animals grazing in larkspur-infested ranges. The mineral-salt supplemented steers, in the grazing study, were not observed to consume less larkspur than the non-supplemented animals; however, the mineral-salt supplemented animals had higher concentrations of larkspur alkaloids in their serum indicating they may be able to tolerate higher larkspur consumption. The data also indicate that mineral-salt supplementation must be continuous throughout the time the animals are grazing these rangelands as the positive effects can be lost within 30 d post supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton A Stonecipher
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, USA
| | - Ben T Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, USA
| | - Kevin D Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, USA
| | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, USA
| | - Scott A Fritz
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Manhattan, USA
| | - Daniel Cook
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, USA
| | - James A Pfister
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Logan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Green BT, Keele JW, Bennett GL, Gardner DR, Stonecipher CA, Cook D, Pfister JA. Animal and plant factors which affect larkspur toxicosis in cattle: Sex, age, breed, and plant chemotype. Toxicon 2019; 165:31-39. [PMID: 31029637 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisoning is a long-term problem for cattle grazing on rangelands of western North America. Recent research has shown that both plant and animal-based factors are critical in understanding and mitigating larkspur poisoning in cattle. Non-toxicological factors including sex, age, cattle breed, and plant chemotype affect cattle responses to larkspur. For example, Angus heifers are more susceptible to larkspur intoxication than are steers or bulls. Young cattle appear to be more susceptible to larkspur poisoning than mature animals. Beef breeds of cattle are more susceptible to larkspur intoxication than dairy breeds. In addition to animal factors, plant alkaloid composition (chemotype) affects the potential toxicity for cattle because of differences in the ratios and concentrations of highly toxic N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL)-type alkaloids compared to less lethal non-MSAL-type alkaloids. Animal- and plant-based factors can provide substantial information to inform livestock producers on management to reduce risk and cattle losses to various larkspur species in western North America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, United States.
| | - John W Keele
- USDA-ARS, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, United States
| | - Gary L Bennett
- USDA-ARS, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, United States
| | - Dale R Gardner
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, United States
| | - Clint A Stonecipher
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, United States
| | - Daniel Cook
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, United States
| | - James A Pfister
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Green BT, Gardner DR, Pfister JA, Welch KD, Bennett GL, Cook D. The effect of alkaloid composition of larkspur (Delphinium) species on the intoxication of Angus heifers1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:1415-1423. [PMID: 30772897 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle losses from larkspur (Delphinium spp.) toxicity are a long-term challenge on the rangelands of western North America. In addition to animal factors that affect livestock poisonings, plant alkaloid composition (chemotype) affects the intoxication of cattle because some chemotypes are significantly more toxic. Differences in larkspur chemotype toxicity are due to the ratios of N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL)-type alkaloids to non-MSAL-type alkaloids and the concentrations of those alkaloids in the plant material. The objective of this study was to compare the responses of 6 Angus heifers to 6 chemotypes of larkspur using a Latin square study design. These Angus heifers from the USDA-ARS, Meat Animal Research Center in Clay Center, NE, were chosen for this research because they are the most larkspur-susceptible cattle observed to date. The 6 heifers were given an oral dose of dried ground larkspur and tested for muscle weakness with an exercise test (i.e., walk time). The 6 chemotypes of larkspur had non-MSAL to MSAL-type alkaloid ratios ranging from 1.4:1 to 6:1 and were administered at an oral dose of 7.5 mg/kg MSAL-type alkaloids BW. There was a treatment effect due to larkspur chemotype (P < 0.0001), and period effects were not significant (P = 0.6). There were also significant correlations between the length of time walking on a dirt track at 5 to 6 km/h, and total alkaloid dose (r = -0.92, P = 0.0045) and alkaloid ratio (r = -0.81, P = 0.0258). Serum alkaloid concentrations at 24 h after dosing were representative of the relative abundance of the alkaloid in the plant material. Results from this work suggest that total alkaloid concentrations in combination with alkaloid ratios can be used together to accurately predict the plant risk component of larkspur poisoning to grazing cattle. Animal factors such as cattle age, breed, and sex must also be considered to comprehensively manage larkspur risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dale R Gardner
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341
| | - James A Pfister
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341
| | - Kevin D Welch
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341
| | - Gary L Bennett
- USDA-ARS, Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933
| | - Daniel Cook
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Green BT, Keele JW, Gardner DR, Welch KD, Bennett GL, Cook D, Pfister JA, Davis TZ, Stonecipher CA, Lee ST, Stegelmeier BL. Sex-dependent differences for larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) toxicosis in yearling Angus cattle1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:1424-1432. [PMID: 30772914 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Larkspur (Delphinium spp.) poisoning is a long-term problem for cattle grazing on rangelands of western North America. Results from preliminary experiments have suggested that differences in larkspur toxicity may exist between heifers and bulls. The objective of this study was to compare the physiological responses of yearling Angus heifers, steers, and bulls with a standardized dose of Delphinium barbeyi and to test the hypothesis that the response is sex dependent. Clinical signs of intoxication, including muscle coordination and function, were measured 24 h after oral dosing with larkspur by walking the cattle at a pace of 5 to 6 km h-1 for up to 40 min on an oval dirt track. Due to the experimental methods used, the variation in susceptibility to larkspur was not quantifiable for walking times of 0 or 40 min or more. Larkspur susceptible animals that were not able to walk (0 min; 36% of the animals) or larkspur resistant animals that walked the entire test period of 40 min (9% of the animals) resulted in censored or truncated data. The statistical methods (censReg and lmec) were used to adjust for data truncation or censoring. The heifers were only able to walk -8.9 ± 3.9 min (65.5% censored on the left) compared with 13.2 ± 3.7 min for bulls and 15.9 ± 2.7 min for steers. When heifers were compared with bulls and steers together, heifers walked 23.4 ± 4.5 min less (P < 0.0001). Serum alkaloid concentrations were measured immediately before walking, and deltaline concentrations averaged 266 ± 28, 131 ± 20, and 219 ± 28 ng mL-1 for all heifers, steers, and bulls, respectively, and serum methyllycaconitine concentrations averaged 660 ± 46, 397 ± 32, and 612 ± 34 ng mL-1 for all heifers, steers, and bulls, respectively. The relative risk of a zero walk time for yearling heifers is 330% that of yearling bulls (P = 0.0008). These results suggest that yearling Angus heifers are more susceptible to larkspur intoxication and, when possible, heifers should be kept from grazing larkspur-infested rangelands as a simple management tool to reduce the risk of fatal poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Keele
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE
| | - Dale R Gardner
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT
| | - Kevin D Welch
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT
| | - Gary L Bennett
- USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE
| | - Daniel Cook
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT
| | | | - T Zane Davis
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT
| | | | - Stephen T Lee
- USDA-ARS, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song H, Huang Y, Zhu D, Tong S, Zhang M, Wang X, Bao X. Pharmacokinetic Study of Deltaline in Mouse Blood Based on UPLCMS/ MS. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666181011124515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Deltaline, an aconitine-type alkaloid, was detected in mouse blood using an
ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method, and the
pharmacokinetics of deltaline following intravenous administration in mice was studied.
</P><P>
Materials and Methods: The gelsenicine was used as the internal standard (IS). Deltaline and IS were
eluted at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min and separated on a UPLC BEH C18 column by gradient elution using
acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate (0.1% formic acid) as a mobile phase. The following
transitions were obtained at m/z 508.2→75.0 for deltaline and m/z 327.1→107.8 for gelsenicine in multiple
reactions monitoring mode. Acetonitrile was used to precipitate protein. Six mice after intravenous
administration of a single dose of deltaline (1 mg/kg), 20-µL blood samples from each mouse were
collected from the tail vein.
Results:
The UPLC-MS/MS method was sensitive and linear (r>0.995) with a lower limit of quantitation
(LLOQ) of 0.1 ng/mL over the range of 0.1-500 ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precisions were below
13%, the accuracy range was between 88.0% and 108.2%, the recovery was higher than 90.1%, and the
matrix effect was between 102.9% and 108.1%.
Conclusion:
The method was sensitive, fast, specific, and has been successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic
study of deltaline after intravenous administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanchun Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Yiwei Huang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Dongqing Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shuhua Tong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinhua Central Hospital, Jinhua 321000, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xianqin Wang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xi Bao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huo D, Sun L, Zhang L, Ru X, Liu S, Yang H. Metabolome responses of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus to multiple environmental stresses: Heat and hypoxia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 138:407-420. [PMID: 30660290 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Economically important marine organisms face severe environmental challenges, such as high temperature and low dissolved oxygen, from global climate change. Adverse environmental factors impact the survival and growth of economically important marine organisms, thereby negatively influencing the aquaculture industry. However, little is known about the responses of sea cucumbers to combined environmental co-stressors till now. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was utilized to obtain metabolic profiles of sea cucumbers. Changes in the concentrations of 84, 68, and 417 metabolites related to the responses of sea cucumbers to heat (26 °C), hypoxia (2 mg/L) and the combined stress, respectively, were observed and analyzed. Representative biomarkers were discussed in detail, including deltaline, fusarin C, halichondrin B and rapanone. The concentration of metabolites involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, including amino acid, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were significantly changed, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)-cycle was significantly altered under heat plus hypoxia. We interpreted these changes partly as an adaptation mechanism in response to environmental stress. Based on the decreased accumulation of glutamine, we hypothesized that heat stress is the main factor that interferes with the process of glutamic acid-glutamine metabolism. The present study showed that combined environmental stressors have a more extensive impact on the metabolites of the respiratory tree in sea cucumbers than single stress. These results would facilitate further development of the sea cucumber as an echinoderm model to study mechanisms of response to adverse environments, as well as to help advance knowledge of the adaptation of marine organisms to global climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoshang Ru
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Age-dependent intoxication by larkspur (Delphinium) in Angus steers. Toxicon 2018; 152:57-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
9
|
Welch KD, Gardner DR, Stonecipher CA, Green BT, Pfister JA. Serum toxicokinetics after intravenous and oral dosing of larkspur toxins in goats. Toxicon 2017; 133:91-94. [PMID: 28479311 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Poisoning of cattle by larkspur plants (Delphinium spp.) is a concern for cattle ranchers in western North America. Previous research studies have evaluated the toxicokinetic profile of multiple larkspur toxins in several livestock species. However, those studies were all performed by orally dosing plant material. Consequently some toxicokinetic parameters could not be definitively determined. In this study, we compared the serum toxicokinetic profile of the larkspur alkaloids methyllycaconitine (MLA) and deltaline in goats dosed both IV and via oral gavage. The results from this study indicate that the toxic alkaloids in larkspurs undergo flip-flop kinetics, meaning the rate of absorption of the alkaloids is slower than the rate of elimination. The implications of flip-flop kinetics in treating animals poisoned by larkspur is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K D Welch
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - D R Gardner
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - C A Stonecipher
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - B T Green
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - J A Pfister
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Administering multiple doses of a non N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL)-containing tall larkspur (Delphinium occidentale) to cattle. Toxicon 2017; 128:46-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
11
|
Green BT, Panter KE, Lee ST, Welch KD, Pfister JA, Gardner DR, Stegelmeier BL, Davis TZ. Differences between Angus and Holstein cattle in the Lupinus leucophyllus induced inhibition of fetal activity. Toxicon 2015; 106:1-6. [PMID: 26341422 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calves with congenital defects born to cows that have grazed teratogenic Lupinus spp. during pregnancy can suffer from what is termed crooked calf syndrome. Crooked calf syndrome defects include cleft palate, spinal column defects and limb malformations formed by alkaloid-induced inhibition of fetal movement. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that there are differences in fetal activity of fetuses carried by Holstein verses Angus heifers orally dosed with 1.1 g/kg dried ground Lupinus leucophyllus. Fetal activity was monitored via transrectal ultrasonography and maternal serum was analyzed for specific lupine alkaloids. There were more (P < 0.05) movements in fetuses of Holstein heifers than those in Angus heifers at eight and 12 h after oral dosing. In addition to serum alkaloid toxicokinetic differences, the Holstein heifers had significantly lower serum concentrations of anagyrine at 2, 4, and 8 h after oral dosing than Angus heifers. Holstein heifers also had significantly greater serum concentrations of lupanine at 12, 18 and 24 h after dosing than the Angus heifers. These results suggest that there are breed differences in susceptibility to lupine-induced crooked calf syndrome. These differences may also be used to discover genetic markers that identify resistant animals, thus facilitating selective breeding of resistant herds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedict T Green
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA.
| | - Kip E Panter
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA
| | - Stephen T Lee
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA
| | - Kevin D Welch
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA
| | - James A Pfister
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA
| | - Dale R Gardner
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA
| | - Bryan L Stegelmeier
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA
| | - T Zane Davis
- Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Welch KD, Green BT, Gardner DR, Cook D, Pfister JA. The effect of administering multiple doses of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) to cattle1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:4181-8. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
13
|
The serum concentrations of lupine alkaloids in orally-dosed Holstein cattle. Res Vet Sci 2015; 100:239-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
A toxicokinetic comparison of two species of low larkspur (Delphinium spp.) in cattle. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:612-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Green BT, Welch KD, Gardner DR, Stegelmeier BL, Pfister JA, Cook D, Panter KE. Toxicokinetics of norditerpenoid alkaloids from low larkspur (Delphinium andersonii) orally administered to cattle. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:1318-24. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.8.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
16
|
Welch KD, Green BT, Gardner DR, Cook D, Pfister JA, Panter KE. The effect of 7, 8-methylenedioxylycoctonine-type diterpenoid alkaloids on the toxicity of tall larkspur (Delphinium spp.) in cattle1. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:2394-401. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. D. Welch
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341
| | - B. T. Green
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341
| | - D. R. Gardner
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341
| | - D. Cook
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341
| | - J. A. Pfister
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341
| | - K. E. Panter
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pubill D, Garcia-Ratés S, Camarasa J, Escubedo E. Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors as New Targets for Amphetamine-Induced Oxidative Damage and Neurotoxicity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011. [PMCID: PMC4055958 DOI: 10.3390/ph4060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphetamine derivatives such as methamphetamine (METH) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”) are widely abused drugs in a recreational context. This has led to concern because of the evidence that they are neurotoxic in animal models and cognitive impairments have been described in heavy abusers. The main targets of these drugs are plasmalemmal and vesicular monoamine transporters, leading to reverse transport and increased monoamine efflux to the synapse. As far as neurotoxicity is concerned, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production seems to be one of the main causes. Recent research has demonstrated that blockade of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) inhibits METH- and MDMA-induced ROS production in striatal synaptosomes which is dependent on calcium and on NO-synthase activation. Moreover, α7 nAChR antagonists (methyllycaconitine and memantine) attenuated in vivo the neurotoxicity induced by METH and MDMA, and memantine prevented the cognitive impairment induced by these drugs. Radioligand binding experiments demonstrated that both drugs have affinity to α7 and heteromeric nAChR, with MDMA showing lower Ki values, while fluorescence calcium experiments indicated that MDMA behaves as a partial agonist on α7 and as an antagonist on heteromeric nAChR. Sustained Ca increase led to calpain and caspase-3 activation. In addition, modulatory effects of MDMA on α7 and heteromeric nAChR populations have been found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Pubill
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: ; Tel.: +34-93-402-4531; Fax: +34-93-403-5982
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|