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Bertossa MR, Darby JR, Holman SL, Meakin AS, Li C, Huber HF, Wiese MD, Nathanielsz PW, Morrison JL. Maternal high fat-high energy diet alters metabolic factors in the non-human primate fetal heart. J Physiol 2024; 602:4251-4269. [PMID: 39087821 PMCID: PMC11366491 DOI: 10.1113/jp286861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of high fat-high energy diets (HF-HEDs) continues to rise worldwide and parallels the rise in maternal obesity (MO) that predisposes offspring to cardiometabolic disorders. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclear, thyroid hormones (TH) modulate cardiac maturation in utero. Therefore, we aimed to determine the impact of a high fat-high energy diet (HF-HED) on the hormonal, metabolic and contractility profile of the non-human primate (NHP) fetal heart. At ∼9 months preconception, female baboons (Papio hamadryas) were randomly assigned to either a control diet or HF-HED. At 165 days gestational age (term = 184 days), fetuses were delivered by Caesarean section under anaesthesia, humanely killed, and left ventricular cardiac tissue (Control (n = 6 female, 6 male); HF-HED (n = 6 F, 6 M)) was collected. Maternal HF-HED decreased the concentration of active cardiac TH (i.e. triiodothyronine (T3)), and type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO1) mRNA expression. Maternal HF-HED decreased the abundance of cardiac markers of insulin-mediated glucose uptake phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (Ser789) and glucose transporter 4, and increased protein abundance of key oxidative phosphorylation complexes (I, III, IV) and mitochondrial abundance in both sexes. Maternal HF-HED alters cardiac TH status, which may induce early signs of cardiac insulin resistance. This may increase the risk of cardiometabolic disorders in later life in offspring born to these pregnancies. KEY POINTS: Babies born to mothers who consume a high fat-high energy diet (HF-HED) prior to and during pregnancy are predisposed to an increased risk of cardiometabolic disorders across the life course. Maternal HF-HED prior to and during pregnancy decreased thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations and type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase DIO1 mRNA expression in the non-human primate fetal heart. Maternal HF-HED decreased markers of insulin-dependent glucose uptake, phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 and glucose transporter 4 in the fetal heart. Maternal HF-HED increased mitochondrial abundance and mitochondrial OXPHOS complex I, III and IV in the fetal heart. Fetuses from HF-HED pregnancies are predisposed to cardiometabolic disorders that may be mediated by changes in T3, placing them on a poor lifetime cardiovascular health trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R. Bertossa
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Jack R.T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Stacey L. Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Ashley S. Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Hillary F. Huber
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael D. Wiese
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia, 5001
| | | | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation
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2
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Dimasi CG, Darby JRT, Cho SKS, Saini BS, Holman SL, Meakin AS, Wiese MD, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Morrison JL. Reduced in utero substrate supply decreases mitochondrial abundance and alters the expression of metabolic signalling molecules in the fetal sheep heart. J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37996982 DOI: 10.1113/jp285572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Babies born with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are at higher risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases across the life course. The reduction in substrate supply to the developing fetus that causes FGR not only alters cardiac growth and structure but may have deleterious effects on metabolism and function. Using a sheep model of placental restriction to induce FGR, we investigated key cardiac metabolic and functional markers that may be altered in FGR. We also employed phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging MRI to assess left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) as a measure of cardiac function. We hypothesized that signalling molecules involved in cardiac fatty acid utilisation and contractility would be impaired by FGR and that this would have a negative impact on LVCO in the late gestation fetus. Key glucose (GLUT4 protein) and fatty acid (FATP, CD36 gene expression) substrate transporters were significantly reduced in the hearts of FGR fetuses. We also found reduced mitochondrial numbers as well as abundance of electron transport chain complexes (complexes II and IV). These data suggest that FGR diminishes metabolic and mitochondrial capacity in the fetal heart; however, alterations were not correlated with fetal LVCO. Overall, these data show that FGR alters fetal cardiac metabolism in late gestation. If sustained ex utero, this altered metabolic profile may contribute to poor cardiac outcomes in FGR-born individuals after birth. KEY POINTS: Around the time of birth, substrate utilisation in the fetal heart switches from carbohydrates to fatty acids. However, the effect of fetal growth restriction (FGR) on this switch, and thus the ability of the fetal heart to effectively metabolise fatty acids, is not fully understood. Using a sheep model of early onset FGR, we observed significant downregulation in mRNA expression of fatty acid receptors CD36 and FABP in the fetal heart. FGR fetuses also had significantly lower cardiac mitochondrial abundance than controls. There was a reduction in abundance of complexes II and IV within the electron transport chain of the FGR fetal heart, suggesting altered ATP production. This indicates reduced fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial function in the heart of the FGR fetus, which may have detrimental long-term implications and contribute to increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Dimasi
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven K S Cho
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ashley S Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher K Macgowan
- Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike Seed
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Research Institute, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lock MC, Botting KJ, Allison BJ, Niu Y, Ford SG, Murphy MP, Orgeig S, Giussani DA, Morrison JL. MitoQ as an antenatal antioxidant treatment improves markers of lung maturation in healthy and hypoxic pregnancy. J Physiol 2023; 601:3647-3665. [PMID: 37467062 PMCID: PMC10952154 DOI: 10.1113/jp284786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic fetal hypoxaemia is a common pregnancy complication that increases the risk of infants experiencing respiratory complications at birth. In turn, chronic fetal hypoxaemia promotes oxidative stress, and maternal antioxidant therapy in animal models of hypoxic pregnancy has proven to be protective with regards to fetal growth and cardiovascular development. However, whether antenatal antioxidant therapy confers any benefit on lung development in complicated pregnancies has not yet been investigated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that maternal antenatal treatment with MitoQ will protect the developing lung in hypoxic pregnancy in sheep, a species with similar fetal lung developmental milestones as humans. Maternal treatment with MitoQ during late gestation promoted fetal pulmonary surfactant maturation and an increase in the expression of lung mitochondrial complexes III and V independent of oxygenation. Maternal treatment with MitoQ in hypoxic pregnancy also increased the expression of genes regulating liquid reabsorption in the fetal lung. These data support the hypothesis tested and suggest that MitoQ as an antenatal targeted antioxidant treatment may improve lung maturation in the late gestation fetus. KEY POINTS: Chronic fetal hypoxaemia promotes oxidative stress, and maternal antioxidant therapy in hypoxic pregnancy has proven to be protective with regards to fetal growth and cardiovascular development. MitoQ is a targeted antioxidant that uses the cell and the mitochondrial membrane potential to accumulate within the mitochondria. Treatment of healthy or hypoxic pregnancy with MitoQ, increases the expression of key molecules involved in surfactant maturation, lung liquid reabsorption and in mitochondrial proteins driving ATP synthesis in the fetal sheep lung. There were no detrimental effects of MitoQ treatment alone on the molecular components measured in the present study, suggesting that maternal antioxidant treatment has no effect on other components of normal maturation of the surfactant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C. Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health ScienceUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kimberley J. Botting
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Beth J. Allison
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Youguo Niu
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Sage G. Ford
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Sandra Orgeig
- UniSA: Clinical and Health ScienceUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health ScienceUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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Li S, Yang Q, Jiao R, Xu P, Sun Y, Li X. m6A Topological Transition Coupled to Developmental Regulation of Gene Expression During Mammalian Tissue Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:916423. [PMID: 35865625 PMCID: PMC9294180 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.916423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification and reversible epitranscriptomic mark in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and plays essential roles in a variety of biological processes. However, the dynamic distribution patterns of m6A and their significance during mammalian tissue development are poorly understood. Here, we found that based on m6A distribution patterns, protein-coding genes were classified into five groups with significantly distinct biological features and functions. Strikingly, comparison of the m6A methylomes of multiple mammalian tissues between fetal and adult stages revealed dynamic m6A topological transition during mammalian tissue development, and identified large numbers of genes with significant m6A loss in 5′UTRs or m6A gain around stop codons. The genes with m6A loss in 5′UTRs were highly enriched in developmental stage-specific genes, and their m6A topological transitions were strongly associated with gene expression regulation during tissue development. The genes with m6A gain around the stop codons were associated with tissue-specific functions. Our findings revealed the existence of different m6A topologies among protein-coding genes that were associated with distinct characteristics. More importantly, these genes with m6A topological transitions were crucial for tissue development via regulation of gene expression, suggesting the importance of dynamic m6A topological transitions during mammalian tissue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Jiao
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yazhou Sun
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yazhou Sun, ; Xin Li,
| | - Xin Li
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Yazhou Sun, ; Xin Li,
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5
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Zhang WQ, Sorvina A, Morrison JL, Darby JRT, Brooks DA, Plush SE, Afshar Vahid S. Development of an optical fiber-based redox monitoring system for tissue metabolism. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100304. [PMID: 35038239 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An optical redox ratio can potentially be used to report on the dynamics of cell and tissue metabolism and define altered metabolic conditions for different pathologies. While there are methods to measure the optical redox ratio, they are not particularly suited to real-time in situ or in vivo analysis. Here, we have developed a fiber-optic system to measure redox ratios in cells and tissues and two mathematical models to enable real-time, in vivo redox measurements. The optical redox ratios in tissue explants are correlated directly with endogenous NADH/FAD fluorescence emissions. We apply the mathematical models to the two-photon microscopy data and show consistent results. We also used our fiber-optic system to measure redox in different tissues and show consistent results between the two models, hence demonstrating proof-of-principle. This innovative redox monitoring system will have practical applications for defining different metabolic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qi Zhang
- Laser Physics and Photonic Devices Laboratories, School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Clinical and Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shahraam Afshar Vahid
- Laser Physics and Photonic Devices Laboratories, School of Engineering, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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6
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Stremming J, Chang EI, Knaub LA, Armstrong ML, Baker PR, Wesolowski SR, Reisdorph N, Reusch JEB, Brown LD. Lower citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial complex expression, and fewer oxidative myofibers characterize skeletal muscle from growth-restricted fetal sheep. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R228-R240. [PMID: 34907787 PMCID: PMC8858669 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00222.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle from the late gestation sheep fetus with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has evidence of reduced oxidative metabolism. Using a sheep model of placental insufficiency and IUGR, we tested the hypothesis that by late gestation, IUGR fetal skeletal muscle has reduced capacity for oxidative phosphorylation because of intrinsic deficits in mitochondrial respiration. We measured mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized muscle fibers from biceps femoris (BF) and soleus (SOL) from control and IUGR fetal sheep. Using muscles including BF, SOL, tibialis anterior (TA), and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), we measured citrate synthase (CS) activity, mitochondrial complex subunit abundance, fiber type distribution, and gene expression of regulators of mitochondrial biosynthesis. Ex vivo mitochondrial respiration was similar in control and IUGR muscle. However, CS activity was lower in IUGR BF and TA, indicating lower mitochondrial content, and protein expression of individual mitochondrial complex subunits was lower in IUGR TA and BF in a muscle-specific pattern. IUGR TA, BF, and FDS also had lower expression of type I oxidative fibers. Fiber-type shifts that support glycolytic instead of oxidative metabolism may be advantageous for the IUGR fetus in a hypoxic and nutrient-deficient environment, whereas these adaptions may be maladaptive in postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Stremming
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eileen I Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Leslie A Knaub
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Peter R Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - Jane E B Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura D Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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Drake RR, Louey S, Thornburg KL. Intrauterine growth restriction elevates circulating acylcarnitines and suppresses fatty acid metabolism genes in the fetal sheep heart. J Physiol 2022; 600:655-670. [PMID: 34802149 PMCID: PMC9075772 DOI: 10.1113/jp281415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
At birth, the mammalian myocardium switches from using carbohydrates as the primary energy substrate to free fatty acids as the primary fuel. Thus, a compromised switch could jeopardize normal heart function in the neonate. Placental embolization in sheep is a reliable model of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). It leads to suppression of both proliferation and terminal differentiation of cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that the expression of genes regulating cardiac fatty acid metabolism would be similarly suppressed in IUGR, leading to compromised processing of lipids. Following 10 days of umbilicoplacental embolization in fetal sheep, IUGR fetuses had elevated circulating long-chain fatty acylcarnitines compared with controls (C14: CTRL 0.012 ± 0.005 nmol/ml vs. IUGR 0.018 ± 0.005 nmol/ml, P < 0.05; C18: CTRL 0.027 ± 0.009 nmol/mol vs. IUGR 0.043 ± 0.024 nmol/mol, P < 0.05, n = 12 control, n = 12 IUGR) indicative of impaired fatty acid metabolism. Uptake studies using fluorescently tagged BODIPY-C12-saturated free fatty acid in live, isolated cardiomyocytes showed lipid droplet area and number were not different between control and IUGR cells. mRNA levels of sarcolemmal fatty acid transporters (CD36, FATP6), acylation enzymes (ACSL1, ACSL3), mitochondrial transporter (CPT1), β-oxidation enzymes (LCAD, HADH, ACAT1), tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme (IDH), esterification enzymes (PAP, DGAT) and regulator of the lipid droplet formation (BSCL2) gene were all suppressed in IUGR myocardium (P < 0.05). However, protein levels for these regulatory genes were not different between groups. This discordance between mRNA and protein levels in the stressed myocardium suggests an adaptive protection of key myocardial enzymes under conditions of placental insufficiency. KEY POINTS: The fetal heart relies on carbohydrates in utero and must be prepared to metabolize fatty acids after birth but the effects of compromised fetal growth on the maturation of this metabolic system are unknown. Plasma fatty acylcarnitines are elevated in intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) fetuses compared with control fetuses, indicative of impaired fatty acid metabolism in fetal organs. Fatty acid uptake and storage are not different in IUGR cardiomyocytes compared with controls. mRNA levels of genes regulating fatty acid transporter and metabolic enzymes are suppressed in the IUGR myocardium compared with controls, while protein levels remain unchanged. Mismatches in gene and protein expression, and increased circulating fatty acylcarnitines may have long-term implications for offspring heart metabolism and adult health in IUGR individuals. This requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Drake
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Samantha Louey
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kent L Thornburg
- Center for Developmental Health, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Dimasi CG, Lazniewska J, Plush SE, Saini BS, Holman SL, Cho SKS, Wiese MD, Sorvina A, Macgowan CK, Seed M, Brooks DA, Morrison JL, Darby JRT. Redox ratio in the left ventricle of the growth restricted fetus is positively correlated with cardiac output. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202100157. [PMID: 34499415 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a result of limited substrate supply to the developing fetus in utero, and can be caused by either placental, genetic or environmental factors. Babies born IUGR can have poor long-term health outcomes, including being at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Limited substrate supply in the IUGR fetus not only changes the structure of the heart but may also affect metabolism and function of the developing heart. We have utilised two imaging modalities, two-photon microscopy and phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI), to assess alterations in cardiac metabolism and function using a sheep model of IUGR. Two-photon imaging revealed that the left ventricle of IUGR fetuses (at 140-141 d GA) had a reduced optical redox ratio, suggesting a reliance on glycolysis for ATP production. Concurrently, the use of PC-MRI to measure foetal left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) revealed a positive correlation between LVCO and redox ratio in IUGR, but not control fetuses. These data suggest that altered heart metabolism in IUGR fetuses is indicative of reduced cardiac output, which may contribute to poor cardiac outcomes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Dimasi
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brahmdeep S Saini
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven K S Cho
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D Wiese
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher K Macgowan
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike Seed
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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9
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Lazniewska J, Darby JRT, Holman SL, Sorvina A, Plush SE, Massi M, Brooks DA, Morrison JL. In utero substrate restriction by placental insufficiency or maternal undernutrition decreases optical redox ratio in foetal perirenal fat. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000322. [PMID: 33389813 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can result from reduced delivery of substrates, including oxygen and glucose, during pregnancy and may be caused by either placental insufficiency or maternal undernutrition. As a consequence of IUGR, there is altered programming of adipose tissue and this can be associated with metabolic diseases later in life. We have utilised two sheep models of IUGR, placental restriction and late gestation undernutrition, to determine the metabolic effects of growth restriction on foetal perirenal adipose tissue (PAT). Two-photon microscopy was employed to obtain an optical redox ratio, which gives an indication of cell metabolism. PAT of IUGR foetuses exhibited higher metabolic activity, altered lipid droplet morphology, upregulation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit genes and decreased expression of genes involved in growth and differentiation. Our results indicate that there are adaptations in PAT of IUGR foetuses that might be protective and ensure survival in response to an IUGR insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lazniewska
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jack R T Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stacey L Holman
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Disease Research Group, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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10
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Pendleton AL, Antolic AT, Kelly AC, Davis MA, Camacho LE, Doubleday K, Anderson MJ, Langlais PR, Lynch RM, Limesand SW. Lower oxygen consumption and Complex I activity in mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle of fetal sheep with intrauterine growth restriction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E67-E80. [PMID: 32396498 PMCID: PMC7468780 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00057.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fetal sheep with placental insufficiency-induced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have lower hindlimb oxygen consumption rates (OCRs), indicating depressed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in their skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that OCRs are lower in skeletal muscle mitochondria from IUGR fetuses, due to reduced electron transport chain (ETC) activity and lower abundances of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes. IUGR sheep fetuses (n = 12) were created with mid-gestation maternal hyperthermia and compared with control fetuses (n = 12). At 132 ± 1 days of gestation, biceps femoris muscles were collected, and the mitochondria were isolated. Mitochondria from IUGR muscle have 47% lower State 3 (Complex I-dependent) OCRs than controls, whereas State 4 (proton leak) OCRs were not different between groups. Furthermore, Complex I, but not Complex II or IV, enzymatic activity was lower in IUGR fetuses compared with controls. Proteomic analysis (n = 6/group) identified 160 differentially expressed proteins between groups, with 107 upregulated and 53 downregulated mitochondria proteins in IUGR fetuses compared with controls. Although no differences were identified in ETC subunit protein abundances, abundances of key TCA cycle enzymes [isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) 3 noncatalytic subunit β (IDH3B), succinate-CoA ligase ADP-forming subunit-β (SUCLA2), and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH)] were lower in IUGR mitochondria. IUGR mitochondria had a greater abundance of a hypoxia-inducible protein, NADH dehydrogenase 1α subcomplex 4-like 2, which is known to incorporate into Complex I and lower Complex I-mediated NADH oxidation. Our findings show that mitochondria from IUGR skeletal muscle adapt to hypoxemia and hypoglycemia by lowering Complex I activity and TCA cycle enzyme concentrations, which together, act to lower OCR and NADH production/oxidation in IUGR skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L Pendleton
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Andrew T Antolic
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Amy C Kelly
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Melissa A Davis
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Leticia E Camacho
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kevin Doubleday
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Miranda J Anderson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Paul R Langlais
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ronald M Lynch
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sean W Limesand
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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