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Haryadi BM, Hafner D, Amin I, Schubel R, Jordan R, Winter G, Engert J. Nonspherical Nanoparticle Shape Stability Is Affected by Complex Manufacturing Aspects: Its Implications for Drug Delivery and Targeting. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900352. [PMID: 31410996 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The shape of nanoparticles is known recently as an important design parameter influencing considerably the fate of nanoparticles with and in biological systems. Several manufacturing techniques to generate nonspherical nanoparticles as well as studies on in vitro and in vivo effects thereof have been described. However, nonspherical nanoparticle shape stability in physiological-related conditions and the impact of formulation parameters on nonspherical nanoparticle resistance still need to be investigated. To address these issues, different nanoparticle fabrication methods using biodegradable polymers are explored to produce nonspherical nanoparticles via the prevailing film-stretching method. In addition, systematic comparisons to other nanoparticle systems prepared by different manufacturing techniques and less biodegradable materials (but still commonly utilized for drug delivery and targeting) are conducted. The study evinces that the strong interplay from multiple nanoparticle properties (i.e., internal structure, Young's modulus, surface roughness, liquefaction temperature [glass transition (Tg ) or melting (Tm )], porosity, and surface hydrophobicity) is present. It is not possible to predict the nonsphericity longevity by merely one or two factor(s). The most influential features in preserving the nonsphericity of nanoparticles are existence of internal structure and low surface hydrophobicity (i.e., surface-free energy (SFE) > ≈55 mN m-1 , material-water interfacial tension <6 mN m-1 ), especially if the nanoparticles are soft (<1 GPa), rough (Rrms > 10 nm), porous (>1 m2 g-1 ), and in possession of low bulk liquefaction temperature (<100 °C). Interestingly, low surface hydrophobicity of nanoparticles can be obtained indirectly by the significant presence of residual stabilizers. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that nonsphericity of particle systems is highly dependent on surface chemistry but cannot be appraised separately from other factors. These results and reviews allot valuable guidelines for the design and manufacturing of nonspherical nanoparticles having adequate shape stability, thereby appropriate with their usage purposes. Furthermore, they can assist in understanding and explaining the possible mechanisms of nonspherical nanoparticles effectivity loss and distinctive material behavior at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Manuel Haryadi
- Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmaceuticsDepartment of PharmacyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Butenandtstraße 5 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Daniel Hafner
- Department of ChemistryDresden University of Technology Mommsenstraße 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Ihsan Amin
- Department of ChemistryDresden University of Technology Mommsenstraße 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Rene Schubel
- Department of ChemistryDresden University of Technology Mommsenstraße 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Department of ChemistryDresden University of Technology Mommsenstraße 4 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmaceuticsDepartment of PharmacyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Butenandtstraße 5 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Julia Engert
- Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmaceuticsDepartment of PharmacyLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Butenandtstraße 5 81377 Munich Germany
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Aregueta-Robles UA, Martens PJ, Poole-Warren LA, Green RA. Tailoring 3D hydrogel systems for neuronal encapsulation in living electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Penny J. Martens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; University of New South Wales; Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Laura A. Poole-Warren
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; University of New South Wales; Sydney 2052 Australia
| | - Rylie A. Green
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering; University of New South Wales; Sydney 2052 Australia
- Department of Bioengineering; Imperial College London; London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom
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Castleberry SA, Quadir MA, Sharkh MA, Shopsowitz KE, Hammond PT. Polymer conjugated retinoids for controlled transdermal delivery. J Control Release 2017; 262:1-9. [PMID: 28690160 PMCID: PMC5641977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a derivative of vitamin A, is a common component in cosmetics and commercial acne creams as well as being a first-line chemotherapeutic agent. Today, formulations for the topical application of ATRA rely on creams and emulsions to incorporate the highly hydrophobic ATRA drug. These strategies, when applied to the skin, deliver ATRA as a single bolus, which is immediately taken up into the skin and contributes to many of the known adverse side effects of ATRA treatment, including skin irritation and hair loss. Herein we present a new concept in topical delivery of retinoids by covalently bonding the drug through a hydrolytically degradable ester linkage to a common hydrophilic polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), creating an amphiphilic nanomaterial that is water-soluble. This PVA bound ATRA can then act as a pro-drug and accumulate within the skin to allow for the sustained controlled delivery of active ATRA. This approach was demonstrated to release active ATRA out to 10days in vitro while significantly enhancing dermal accumulation of the ATRA in explant pig skin. In vivo we demonstrate that the pro-drug formulation reduces application site inflammation compared to free ATRA and retains the drug at the application site at measurable quantities for up to six days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Castleberry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Mohiuddin A Quadir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Malak Abu Sharkh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Kevin E Shopsowitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
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Ma S, Wang S, Li Q, Leng Y, Wang L, Hu GH. A Novel Method for Preparing Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels: Preparation, Characterization, and Application. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lianhui Wang
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guo-Hua Hu
- Laboratory
of Reactions and Process Engineering (LRGP), CNRS, University of Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, BP 20451, 54001 Nancy, France
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Jensen BEB, Dávila I, Zelikin AN. Poly(vinyl alcohol) Physical Hydrogels: Matrix-Mediated Drug Delivery Using Spontaneously Eroding Substrate. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:5916-26. [PMID: 26958864 PMCID: PMC4939746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels have
a long and successful history
of applications in biomedicine. Historically, these matrices were
developed to be nondegradable—limiting their utility to applications
as permanent implants. For tissue engineering and drug delivery, herein
we develop spontaneously eroding physical hydrogels based on PVA.
We characterize in detail a mild, noncryogenic method of producing
PVA physical hydrogels using poly(ethylene glycol) as a gelating agent,
and investigate PVA molar mass as a means to define the kinetics of
erosion of these biomaterials. PVA hydrogels are characterized for
associated inflammatory response in adhering macrophages, antiproliferative
effects mediated through delivery of cytotoxic drugs to myoblasts,
and pro-proliferative activity achieved via presentation of conjugated
growth factors to endothelial cells. Together, these data present
a multiangle characterization of these novel multifunctional matrices
for applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery mediated
by implantable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izaskun Dávila
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alexander N Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark.,iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University , Aarhus, Denmark
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Preparation and Characterization of a Bioartificial Polymeric Material: Bilayer of Cellulose Acetate-PVA. INT J POLYM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/3172545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A new bioartificial polymeric material consisting of a bilayer of cellulose acetate and poly(vinyl alcohol) was successfully obtained by casting method. The material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, gas permeability, water vapor permeability, and mechanical properties. The characterization indicates that two distinct and well-differentiated surfaces were achieved without detriment to the bulk properties. The interaction between natural and synthetic polymers indeed enhanced the gas permeability as well as the water vapor permeability in comparison to the original components, although mechanical properties were not substantially boosted by the combination of both. Moreover, beyond the interface, there were no detected interactions between the polymers as can be evidenced by the presence of a uniqueTgin the bilayer. The amalgamation of the relatively good mechanical properties with the two differentiated surfaces and the improvement of the permeability properties could indicate the potential of the material for being used in medicine.
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Lang R, Baumann P, Schmoor C, Odermatt EK, Wente MN, Jauch KW. A-Part Gel, an adhesion prophylaxis for abdominal surgery: a randomized controlled phase I-II safety study [NCT00646412]. ANNALS OF SURGICAL INNOVATION AND RESEARCH 2015; 9:5. [PMID: 26336510 PMCID: PMC4557926 DOI: 10.1186/s13022-015-0014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Intra-abdominal surgical intervention can cause the development of intra-peritoneal adhesions. To reduce this problem, different agents have been tested to minimize abdominal adhesions; however, the optimal adhesion prophylaxis has not been found so far. Therefore, the A-Part® Gel was developed as a barrier to diminish postsurgical adhesions; the aim of this randomized controlled study was a first evaluation of its safety and efficacy. Methods In this prospective, controlled, randomized, patient-blinded, monocenter phase I–II study, 62 patients received either the hydrogel A-Part-Gel® as an anti-adhesive barrier or were untreated after primary elective median laparotomy. Primary endpoint was the occurrence of peritonitis and/or wound healing impairment 28 ± 10 days postoperatively. As secondary endpoints anastomotic leakage until 28 days after surgery, adverse events and adhesions were assessed until 3 months postoperatively. Results A lower rate of wound healing impairment and/or peritonitis was observed in the A-Part Gel® group compared to the control group: (6.5 vs. 13.8 %). The difference between the two groups was −7.3%, 90 % confidence interval [−20.1, 5.4 %]. Both treatment groups showed similar frequency of anastomotic leakage but incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events were slightly lower in the A-Part Gel® group compared to the control. Adhesion rates were comparable in both groups. Conclusion A-Part Gel® is safe as an adhesion prophylaxis after abdominal wall surgery but no reduction of postoperative peritoneal adhesion could be found in comparison to the control group. This may at least in part be due to the small sample size as well as to the incomplete coverage of the incision due to the used application. Trial Registration: NCT00646412
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhold Lang
- Department of Surgery, University Munich-Großhadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Baumann
- Aesculap AG, Am Aesculap Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmoor
- Clinical Trials Unit, University Medical Center Freiburg, Elsässer Strasse 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Moritz N Wente
- Aesculap AG, Am Aesculap Platz, 78532 Tuttlingen, Germany
| | - Karl-Walter Jauch
- Department of Surgery, University Munich-Großhadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Cutiongco MFA, Choo RKT, Shen NJX, Chua BMX, Sju E, Choo AWL, Le Visage C, Yim EKF. Composite scaffold of poly(vinyl alcohol) and interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation fibers for controlled biomolecule delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:3. [PMID: 25692128 PMCID: PMC4315105 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled delivery of hydrophilic proteins is an important therapeutic strategy. However, widely used methods for protein delivery suffer from low incorporation efficiency and loss of bioactivity. The versatile interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation (IPC) fibers have the capacity for precise spatiotemporal release and protection of protein, growth factor, and cell bioactivity. Yet its weak mechanical properties limit its application and translation into a viable clinical solution. To overcome this limitation, IPC fibers can be incorporated into polymeric scaffolds such as the biocompatible poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA). Therefore, we explored the use of a composite scaffold of PVA and IPC fibers for controlled biomolecule release. We first observed that the permeability of biomolecules through PVA films were dependent on molecular weight. Next, IPC fibers were incorporated in between layers of PVA to produce PVA–IPC composite scaffolds with different IPC fiber orientation. The composite scaffold demonstrated excellent mechanical properties and efficient biomolecule incorporation. The rate of biomolecule release from PVA–IPC composite grafts exhibited dependence on molecular weight, with lysozyme showing near-linear release for 1 month. Angiogenic factors were also incorporated into the PVA–IPC grafts, as a potential biomedical application of the composite graft. While vascular endothelial growth factor only showed a maximum cumulative release of 3%, the smaller PEGylated-QK peptide showed maximum release of 33%. Notably, the released angiogenic biomolecules induced endothelial cell activity thus indicating retention of bioactivity. We also observed lack of significant macrophage response against PVA–IPC grafts in a rabbit model. Showing permeability, mechanical strength, precise temporal growth factor release, and bioinertness, PVA–IPC fibers composite scaffolds are excellent scaffolds for controlled biomolecule delivery in soft tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Royden K T Choo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Nathaniel J X Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Bryan M X Chua
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Ervi Sju
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Amanda W L Choo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Catherine Le Visage
- INSERM, U698 Cardiovascular Bioengineering , Paris , France ; INSERM, U791 Center for OsteoArticular and Dental Tissue Engineering , Nantes , France
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore ; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore ; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
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Herron M, Agarwal A, Kierski PR, Calderon DF, Teixeira LBC, Schurr MJ, Murphy CJ, Czuprynski CJ, McAnulty JF, Abbott NL. Reduction in wound bioburden using a silver-loaded dissolvable microfilm construct. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:916-28. [PMID: 24523027 PMCID: PMC4112187 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Silver is a widely used antimicrobial agent, yet, when impregnated in macroscopic dressings, it stains wounds, can lead to tissue toxicity, and can inhibit healing. Recently, polymeric nanofilms containing silver nanoparticles were reported to exhibit antimicrobial activity at loadings and release rates of silver that are 100× lower than conventional dressings. Here, fabrication of composite microfilm constructs that provide a facile way to transfer the silver-loaded polymeric nanofilms onto wounds in vivo is reported. The construct is fabricated from a silver nanoparticle-loaded polymeric nanofilm that is laminated with a micrometer-thick-soluble film of polyvinylalcohol (PVA). When placed on a moist wound, the PVA dissolves, leaving the silver-loaded nanofilm immobilized on the wound-bed. In vitro, the immobilized nanofilms release <1 μg cm(-2) d(-1) of silver over 30 d from skin dermis and they kill 5 log10 CFUs of Staphylococcus aureus in 24 h. In mice, wounds inoculated with 10(5) CFU S. aureus presented up to 3 log10 less bacterial burden when treated with silver/nanofilms for 3 d, as compared to unmodified wounds. In uncontaminated wounds, silver/nanofilms allow normal and complete wound closure by re-epithelialization. Dissolvable microfilm constructs may overcome key limitations associated with current uses of silver in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Herron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Ankit Agarwal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Patricia R. Kierski
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Diego F. Calderon
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Leandro B. C. Teixeira
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Michael J. Schurr
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver, 12631 E. 17 Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045 (USA)
| | - Christopher J. Murphy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, 1423 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Charles J. Czuprynski
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Jonathan F. McAnulty
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
| | - Nicholas L. Abbott
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706 (USA)
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Protein corona composition of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with various physico-chemical properties and coatings. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5020. [PMID: 24846348 PMCID: PMC5381372 DOI: 10.1038/srep05020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their biocompatibility and unique magnetic properties, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles NPs (SPIONs) are recognized as some of the most prominent agents for theranostic applications. Thus, understanding the interaction of SPIONs with biological systems is important for their safe design and efficient applications. In this study, SPIONs were coated with 2 different polymers: polyvinyl alcohol polymer (PVA) and dextran. The obtained NPs with different surface charges (positive, neutral, and negative) were used as a model study of the effect of surface charges and surface polymer materials on protein adsorption using a magnetic separator. We found that the PVA-coated SPIONs with negative and neutral surface charge adsorbed more serum proteins than the dextran-coated SPIONs, which resulted in higher blood circulation time for PVA-coated NPs than the dextran-coated ones. Highly abundant proteins such as serum albumin, serotransferrin, prothrombin, alpha-fetoprotein, and kininogen-1 were commonly found on both PVA- and dextran-coated SPIONs. By increasing the ionic strength, soft- and hard-corona proteins were observed on 3 types of PVA-SPIONs. However, the tightly bound proteins were observed only on negatively charged PVA-coated SPIONs after the strong protein elution.
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Vazquez LC, Hagel E, Willenberg BJ, Dai W, Casanova F, Batich CD, Sarntinoranont M. Polymer-coated cannulas for the reduction of backflow during intraparenchymal infusions. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2012; 23:2037-2046. [PMID: 22710955 PMCID: PMC3749093 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-012-4652-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Infusate backflow or leak-back along the cannula track can occur during intraparenchymal infusions resulting in non-specific targeting of therapeutic agents. The occurrence of backflow depends on several variables including cannula radius, infusate flow rate, and tip location. In this study, polymer coatings that swell in situ were developed and tested with in vitro hydrogel experiments for backflow reduction. Coatings were applied to the external cannula surface in a dual layer arrangement with a poly(vinyl alcohol) outer layer atop an inner poly(ethylene oxide) and alginate layer. Once these coated cannulas were inserted and allotted an 8-10 min waiting period for hydration, backflow during infusions of 4.0 μl of a macromolecular tracer (Evans Blue labeled albumin) was reduced significantly under flow rates of 0.3-0.6 μl/min, allowing for more effective distribution within targeted regions. Polymer coating thicknesses before and after hydrations were 0.035 and 0.370 mm, respectively. Also, backflow data was fit to a model to estimate the effective local compressive stress caused by the hydrated polymers. After withdrawal of the cannula from the insertion site, the hydrated polymer coatings remained within the cavity left in the hydrogel tissue phantom and formed a seal at the infusion site that prevented further backflow during needle withdrawal. Ex vivo infusions in excised porcine brain tissues also showed significant backflow reduction while also demonstrating the ability to leave a polymer seal in the tissue cavity after cannula removal. Thus, application of these polymers as needle or cannula coatings offers a potentially simple method to improve targeting for local drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis C. Vazquez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Erik Hagel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, 212 MAE-A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Bradley J. Willenberg
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, 212 MAE-A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Fernando Casanova
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, 212 MAE-A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher D. Batich
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Malisa Sarntinoranont
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, 212 MAE-A, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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