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Birtolo MF, Pedersini R, Palermo A, Vena W, Morenghi E, Cristofolini G, Presciuttini B, Tabacco G, Naciu AM, Pigni S, Laganà M, Mazzoleni F, Cosentini D, Ciafardini A, Pagani M, Farina D, Balzarini L, Zambelli A, Torrisi R, Cianferotti L, Napoli N, Bossi AC, Lania AG, Berruti A, Mazziotti G. Bone-active drugs in premenopausal women with breast cancer under hormone-deprivation therapies. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 191:117-125. [PMID: 39056237 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone health management in premenopausal women with breast cancer (BC) under hormone-deprivation therapies (HDTs) is often challenging, and the effectiveness of bone-active drugs is still unknown. METHODS This retrospective multicenter study included 306 premenopausal women with early BC undergoing HDTs. Bone mineral density (BMD) and morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) were assessed 12 months after HDT initiation and then after at least 24 months. RESULTS After initial assessment, bone-active drugs were prescribed in 77.5% of women (151 denosumab 60 mg/6 months, 86 bisphosphonates). After 47.0 ± 20.1 months, new VFs were found in 16 women (5.2%). Vertebral fracture risk was significantly associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR] 3.87, P = .028), family history of hip fractures or VFs (OR 3.21, P = .040], chemotherapy-induced menopause (OR 6.48, P < .001), preexisting VFs (OR 25.36, P < .001), baseline T-score less than or equal to -2.5 standard deviation (SD) at any skeletal site (OR 4.14, P = .036), and changes at lumbar and total hip BMD (OR 0.94, P = .038 and OR 0.88, P < .001, respectively). New VFs occurred more frequently in women untreated compared to those treated with bone-active drugs (14/69, 20.8% vs 2/237, 0.8%; P < .001) and the anti-fracture effectiveness remained significant after correction for BMI (OR 0.03; P < .001), family history of fractures (OR 0.03; P < .001), chemotherapy-induced menopause (OR 0.04; P < .001), and preexisting VFs (OR 0.01; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Premenopausal women under HDTs are at high risk of VFs in relationship with high BMI, densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis, preexisting VFs, and family history of osteoporotic fractures. Vertebral fractures in this setting might be effectively prevented by bisphosphonates or denosumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Francesca Birtolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Pedersini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Palermo
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Vena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
- Diabetology and Endocrinology, Humanitas Gavazzeni, 24125 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Morenghi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
- Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cristofolini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Presciuttini
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, ASST Carlo Poma, 46100 Mantua, Italy
| | - Gaia Tabacco
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Anda Mihaela Naciu
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Stella Pigni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Laganà
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Mazzoleni
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah Cosentini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antea Ciafardini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Pagani
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, ASST Carlo Poma, 46100 Mantua, Italy
| | - Davide Farina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Radiology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Balzarini
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zambelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
- Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Rosalba Torrisi
- Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Luisella Cianferotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Diseases, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Antonio Carlo Bossi
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerardo Lania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano-Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gherardo Mazziotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele-Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano-Milan, Italy
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2
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Pedersini R, Schivardi G, Laini L, Zamparini M, Bonalumi A, di Mauro P, Bosio S, Amoroso V, Villa N, Alberti A, Di Meo N, Gonano C, Zanini B, Laganà M, Ippolito G, Rinaudo L, Farina D, Castellano M, Cappelli C, Simoncini EL, Cosentini D, Berruti A. Changes in body composition in early breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors. J Endocrinol Invest 2024:10.1007/s40618-024-02401-7. [PMID: 38856966 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-024-02401-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to analyze the modification of total and regional body composition in early breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs). METHODS This is a prospective, single-center, observational, longitudinal study. Four-hundred and twenty-eight patients treated with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors were enrolled at the Medical Oncology and Breast Unit of Spedali Civili Hospital in Brescia from September 2014 to June 2022. Several body composition parameters including total and regional fat and lean body mass were investigated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at baseline and after 18 months of treatment with aromatase inhibitors. RESULTS A significant increase in fat body mass (mean + 7.2%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.5;8.9%) and a reduction in lean body mass (mean -3.1%, 95% CI -3.9; -2.4) were documented in this population. The changes in fat and lean body mass varied considerably according to different body districts ranging between + 3.2% to + 10.9% and from-1.3% to -3.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION Aromatase inhibitor adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer is associated with changes in body composition, with a wide variability among different body districts, leading to a risk of sarcopenic obesity. Supervised physical exercise that focuses on single body parts that may display detrimental variations may be beneficial for AIs treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pedersini
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
- SSVD Breast Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Schivardi
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - L Laini
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Zamparini
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Bonalumi
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - P di Mauro
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Bosio
- SSVD Breast Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - V Amoroso
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - N Villa
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Alberti
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - N Di Meo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Gonano
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - B Zanini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Laganà
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Ippolito
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Rinaudo
- Tecnologie Avanzate Srl, Turin, Italy
| | - D Farina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Castellano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Cappelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - E L Simoncini
- SSVD Breast Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - D Cosentini
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Berruti
- Medical Oncology Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy
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3
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Antonini S, Pedersini R, Birtolo MF, Baruch NL, Carrone F, Jaafar S, Ciafardini A, Cosentini D, Laganà M, Torrisi R, Farina D, Leonardi L, Balzarini L, Vena W, Bossi AC, Zambelli A, Lania AG, Berruti A, Mazziotti G. Denosumab improves trabecular bone score in relationship with decrease in fracture risk of women exposed to aromatase inhibitors. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:433-442. [PMID: 37592052 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a gray-level textural metric that has shown to correlate with risk of fractures in several forms of osteoporosis. The value of TBS in predicting fractures and the effects of bone-active drugs on TBS in aromatase inhibitors (AIs)-induced osteoporosis are still largely unknown. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to assess the effects of denosumab and bisphosphonates (BPs) on TBS and vertebral fractures (VFs) in women exposed to AIs. METHODS 241 consecutive women (median age 58 years) with early breast cancer undergoing treatment with AIs were evaluated for TBS, bone mineral density (BMD) and morphometric VFs at baseline and after 18-24 months of follow-up. During the study period, 139 women (57.7%) received denosumab 60 mg every 6 months, 53 (22.0%) BPs, whereas 49 women (20.3%) were not treated with bone-active drugs. RESULTS Denosumab significantly increased TBS values (from 1.270 to 1.323; P < 0.001) accompanied by a significant decrease in risk of VFs (odds ratio 0.282; P = 0.021). During treatment with BPs, TBS did not significantly change (P = 0.849) and incidence of VFs was not significantly different from women untreated with bone-active drugs (P = 0.427). In the whole population, women with incident VFs showed higher decrease in TBS vs. non-fractured women (P = 0.003), without significant differences in changes of BMD at any skeletal site. CONCLUSIONS TBS variation predicts fracture risk in AIs treated women. Denosumab is effective to induce early increase of TBS and reduction in risk of VFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Antonini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - R Pedersini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M F Birtolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - N L Baruch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
| | - F Carrone
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - S Jaafar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - A Ciafardini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - D Cosentini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Laganà
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - R Torrisi
- Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - D Farina
- Radiology Unit 2, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Leonardi
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - L Balzarini
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - W Vena
- Endocrinology, Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Bergamo, Italy
| | - A C Bossi
- Endocrinology, Humanitas Gavazzeni-Castelli, Bergamo, Italy
| | - A Zambelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - A G Lania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy.
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy.
| | - A Berruti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Mazziotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy.
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy.
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4
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Giustina A, di Filippo L, Facciorusso A, Adler RA, Binkley N, Bollerslev J, Bouillon R, Casanueva FF, Cavestro GM, Chakhtoura M, Conte C, Donini LM, Ebeling PR, Fassio A, Frara S, Gagnon C, Latella G, Marcocci C, Mechanick JI, Minisola S, Rizzoli R, Santini F, Shaker JL, Sempos C, Ulivieri FM, Virtanen JK, Napoli N, Schafer AL, Bilezikian JP. Vitamin D status and supplementation before and after Bariatric Surgery: Recommendations based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2023; 24:1011-1029. [PMID: 37665480 PMCID: PMC10698146 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is associated with a postoperative reduction of 25(OH) vitamin D levels (25(OH)D) and with skeletal complications. Currently, guidelines for 25(OH)D assessment and vitamin D supplementation in bariatric patients, pre- and post-surgery, are still lacking. The aim of this work is to analyse systematically the published experience on 25(OH)D status and vitamin D supplementation, pre- and post-surgery, and to propose, on this basis, recommendations for management. Preoperatively, 18 studies including 2,869 patients were evaluated. Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency as defined by 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL (75 nmol/L) was 85%, whereas when defined by 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) was 57%. The median preoperative 25(OH)D level was 19.75 ng/mL. After surgery, 39 studies including 5,296 patients were analysed and among those undergoing either malabsorptive or restrictive procedures, a lower rate of vitamin D insufficiency and higher 25(OH)D levels postoperatively were observed in patients treated with high-dose oral vitamin D supplementation, defined as ≥ 2,000 IU/daily (mostly D3-formulation), compared with low-doses (< 2,000 IU/daily). Our recommendations based on this systematic review and meta-analysis should help clinical practice in the assessment and management of vitamin D status before and after bariatric surgery. Assessment of vitamin D should be performed pre- and postoperatively in all patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Regardless of the type of procedure, high-dose supplementation is recommended in patients after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi di Filippo
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Robert A Adler
- Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, 3000 KU, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS). CIBER de Fisiopatologia de La Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Martina Cavestro
- Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marlene Chakhtoura
- Calcium Metabolism and Osteoporosis Program, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via Di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo M Donini
- Experimental Medicine Department, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Angelo Fassio
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Frara
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Gagnon
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jeffrey I Mechanick
- Kravis Center for Clinical Cardiovascular Health at Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - René Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joseph L Shaker
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Fabio Massimo Ulivieri
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21 - 00128, Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200 - 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Anne L Schafer
- University of California, San Francisco and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, USA
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Dalla Volta A, Caramella I, Di Mauro P, Bergamini M, Cosentini D, Valcamonico F, Cappelli C, Laganà M, Di Meo N, Farina D, Pedersini R, Mazziotti G, Berruti A. Role of Body Composition in the Prediction of Skeletal Fragility Induced by Hormone Deprivation Therapies in Cancer Patients. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:1141-1152. [PMID: 37624550 PMCID: PMC10556180 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review paper is intended to show that changes in body composition are key in the pathogenesis of bone fragility amongst patients with breast and prostate cancer receiving hormone deprivation therapies (HDTs) and that the mechanism is based on the development of alterations in bone quality rather than in bone quantity. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical and clinical data suggest a tight connection amongst bone, adipose and muscular tissues by means of several soluble mediators, potentially leading to (1) bone resorption and bone quality deterioration in sarcopenic obese subjects, (2) bone mineral deposition in healthy trained subjects. Cancer patients treated with HDTs frequently fall into the first condition, named osteosarcopenic obesity. Current clinical guidelines for the prevention of treatment-induced osteoporosis focus on bone mineral density (BMD) as a main predictive factor for fracture risk; however, the pathophysiology underlying HDT-induced bone fragility differs from that of primary and postmenopausal osteoporosis, suggesting a prevalent role for bone quality alterations. Focusing on available data from clinical trials, in our review we suggest osteosarcopenic obesity as a common target for the prevention and treatment of HDTs-related metabolic and skeletal complications, beyond a BMD-centred approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Dalla Volta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Irene Caramella
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Di Mauro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Bergamini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Deborah Cosentini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Valcamonico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Cappelli
- Department of Experimental Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Laganà
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nunzia Di Meo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Radiology Unit, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Davide Farina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Radiology Unit, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rebecca Pedersini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, 25123, Brescia, Italy
- Breast Unit, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gherardo Mazziotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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Yang H, Liu L, Zhang X. Exercise interventions on body composition and quality of life of overweight/obese breast cancer survivors: a meta-analysis. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:484. [PMID: 37700300 PMCID: PMC10498647 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of exercise interventions on body composition and quality of life in overweight/obese breast cancer survivors. METHODS Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase databases and assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's assessing risk tool. The effect size was pooled as weighted mean difference (WMD) for body composition variables (i.e., body mass index [BMI], body fat, body weight, fat mass, lean mass, bone mineral density) and quality of life (i.e., physical health and mental health), and the confidence interval (CI) was set as 95%. Since heterogeneity existed, subgroup analysis was conducted to detect the source of heterogeneity. RESULTS Eight articles from six RCTs containing 548 overweight/obese breast cancer survivors (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were included and analyzed. Compared to routine care, exercise intervention significantly decreased the body mass index [WMD (95% CI) = -1.37 (-2.50, -0.23) kg/m2] and body fat [WMD (95% CI) = -3.80 (-6.59, -1.01) %] of overweight/obese breast cancer survivors. Exercise intervention showed a tendency to increase physical health [WMD (95% CI) = 2.65 (-10.19, 15.48)] and mental health [WMD (95%CI) = 1.38 (-4.18, 6.95)], but no statistical significance was observed. A subgroup analysis showed the duration of intervention was a source of heterogeneity on body composition. In the 16-week subgroup, exercise intervention decreased fat mass and BMI while increased lean mass and bone mineral density. The 52-week exercise intervention was effective in increasing lean mass. A significant exercise intervention effect on reducing body fat was only detected in the 12-week subgroup. CONCLUSION Exercise intervention significantly decreased the body mass index and body fat of overweight/obese breast cancer survivors. The benefits of exercise interventions for overweight/obese breast cancer survivors need more evidence from high-quality RCTs with large sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Yang
- Physical Education Department, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No.264, Guangzhou Road, Gulou District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Department of Kinesiology, Centenary College of Louisiana, 2911 Centenary Blvd, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Abstract
Individuals with cancer face unique risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures. Clinicians must consider the additive effects of cancer-specific factors, including treatment-induced bone loss, and premorbid fracture risk, utilizing FRAX score and bone mineral densitometry when available. Pharmacologic therapy should be offered as per cancer-specific guidelines, when available, or local general osteoporosis guidelines informed by clinical judgment and patient preferences. Our objective was to review and summarize the epidemiologic burden of osteoporotic fracture risk and fracture risk assessment in adults with cancer, and recommended treatment thresholds for cancer treatment-induced bone loss, with specific focus on breast, prostate, thyroid, gynecological, multiple myeloma, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant. This narrative review was informed by PubMed searches to July 25, 2022, that combined terms for cancer, stem cell transplantation, fracture, bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone score, FRAX, Garvan nomogram or fracture risk calculator, QFracture, prediction, and risk factors. The literature informs that cancer can impact bone health in numerous ways, leading to both systemic and localized decreases in BMD. Many cancer treatments can have detrimental effects on bone health. In particular, hormone deprivation therapies for hormone-responsive cancers such as breast cancer and prostate cancer, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant for hematologic malignancies, adversely affect bone turnover, resulting in osteoporosis and fractures. Surgical treatments such as hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for gynecological cancers can also lead to deleterious effects on bone health. Radiation therapy is well documented to cause localized bone loss and fractures. Few studies have validated the use of fracture risk prediction tools in the cancer population. Guidelines on cancer-specific treatment thresholds are limited, and major knowledge gaps still exist in fracture risk and fracture risk assessment in patients with cancer. Despite the limitations of current knowledge on fracture risk assessment and treatment thresholds in patients with cancer, clinicians must consider the additive effects of bone damaging factors to which these patients are exposed and their premorbid fracture risk profile. Pharmacologic treatment should be offered as per cancer-specific guidelines when available, or per local general osteoporosis guidelines, in accordance with clinical judgment and patient preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Ye
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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8
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Pedersini R, Cosentini D, Rinaudo L, Zamparini M, Ulivieri FM, di Mauro P, Maffezzoni F, Monteverdi S, Vena W, Laini L, Amoroso V, Simoncini EL, Farina D, Mazziotti G, Berruti A. Assessment of DXA derived bone quality indexes and bone geometry parameters in early breast cancer patients: A single center cross-sectional study. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101654. [PMID: 36700242 PMCID: PMC9868326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone mineral density (BMD) lacks sensitivity in individual fracture risk assessment in early breast cancer (EBC) patients treated with aromatase inhibitors (AIs). New dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) based risk factors are needed. Methods Trabecular bone score (TBS), bone strain index (BSI) and DXA parameters of bone geometry were evaluated in postmenopausal women diagnosed with EBC. The aim was to explore their association with morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs). Subjects were categorized in 3 groups in order to evaluate the impact of AIs and denosumab on bone geometry: AI-naive, AI-treated minus (AIDen-) or plus (AIDen+) denosumab. Results A total of 610 EBC patients entered the study: 305 were AI-naive, 187 AIDen-, and 118 AIDen+. In the AI-naive group, the presence of VFs was associated with lower total hip BMD and T-score and higher femoral BSI. As regards as bone geometry parameters, AI-naive fractured patients reported a significant increase in femoral narrow neck (NN) endocortical width, femoral NN subperiosteal width, intertrochanteric buckling ratio (BR), intertrochanteric endocortical width, femoral shaft (FS) BR and endocortical width, as compared to non-fractured patients. Intertrochanteric BR and intertrochanteric cortical thickness significantly increased in the presence of VFs in AIDen- patients, not in AIDen+ ones. An increase in cross-sectional area and cross-sectional moment of inertia, both intertrochanteric and at FS, significantly correlated with VFs only in AIDen+. No association with VFs was found for either lumbar BSI or TBS in all groups. Conclusions Bone geometry parameters are variably associated with VFs in EBC patients, either AI-naive or AI treated in combination with denosumab. These data suggest a tailored choice of fracture risk parameters in the 3 subgroups of EBC patients.
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Key Words
- AI, aromatase inhibitor
- AIDen+, aromatase inhibitor with denosumab
- AIDen-, aromatase inhibitor without denosumab
- Aromatase inhibitors
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BMI, body-mass index
- BR, buckling ratio
- BSI, bone strain index
- Bone strain index
- CSA, cross-sectional area
- CSMI, cross-sectional moment of inertia
- DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- EBC, early breast cancer
- FS, femoral shaft
- HAL, hip axis length
- HR, hormone receptor
- HSA, Hip Structure Analysis
- IT, intertrochanteric
- NN, narrow neck
- NSA, neck shaft angle
- PS, propensity score
- ROC, receiver operator characteristic
- TBS, trabecular bone score
- VF, vertebral fracture
- Vertebral fractures
- Z, modulus
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Pedersini
- Medical Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
- Breast Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
- Corresponding author at: Oncologia Medica, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 20123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Deborah Cosentini
- Medical Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
- Breast Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Walter Vena
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, Metabolic Bone Diseases and Osteoporosis Section, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Lara Laini
- Medical Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vito Amoroso
- Medical Oncology, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Davide Farina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gherardo Mazziotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, Metabolic Bone Diseases and Osteoporosis Section, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, MI, Italy
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Dutta D, Singla R, Surana V, Sharma M. Efficacy and Safety of Letrozole in the Management of Constitutional Delay in Growth and Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2022; 14:131-144. [PMID: 34477355 PMCID: PMC9176083 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2021.2021.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
No meta-analysis is available which has analysed the role of letrozole in constitutional delay in growth and puberty (CDGP). Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving children with CDGP receiving letrozole. Primary outcomes were changes in predicted adult height (PAH) and pubertal progression. Secondary outcomes were alterations in bone age (BA), hormonal markers of puberty, bone mineral density and side-effects. One hundred-thirty articles were reviewed, from which seven RCTs which fulfilled all criteria were analysed. Letrozole was superior to placebo [mean difference (MD) 4.63 cm (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.90-5.36); p<0.01; I2=0%] but not testosterone [MD: 2.21 cm (95% CI: -1.71-6.16); p=0.27; I2=98%] with regards to improvement in PAH after 12-months use. Letrozole was superior to both placebo [MD: 4.80 mL (95% CI: 0.57-9.03); p=0.03] and testosterone [MD: 3.36 mL (95% CI: 0.58-6.75); p=0.02; I2=0%] with regards to improvement in testicular volume after 12-months use. Letrozole tended to be superior to testosterone [MD: -0.84 years (95% CI: 2.83-8.18); p=0.06; I2=0%] with regards to slowing in BA progression after 12-months use. Serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, testosterone and inhibin-B were significantly higher after 6-months letrozole use compared to active as well as passive controls. No increased occurrence of adverse events, including spinal deformities, were noted with letrozole. Letrozole is safe and effective for improving height and pubertal outcomes in CDGP, and is better than testosterone with regards to improvement in testicular volume and may be better at delaying bone-age progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Dutta
- CEDAR Superspeciality Clinics, Department of Endocrinology, New Delhi, India,* Address for Correspondence: CEDAR Superspeciality Clinics, Department of Endocrinology, New Delhi, India Phone: +919911544096 E-mail:
| | - Rajiv Singla
- Kalpavriksh Superspeciality Healthcare, Department of Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Surana
- Manipal Hospitals, Department of Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
| | - Meha Sharma
- CEDAR Superspeciality Clinics, Department of Rheumatology, New Delhi, India
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10
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Cosentini D, Grisanti S, Hadoux J, Libè R, Frigerio M, Laganà M, Deschamps F, Zamparini M, Lamartina L, Pedersini R, Valsecchi C, Maroldi R, Al Ghuzlan A, Terzolo M, Gasparotti R, Baudin E, Berruti A. Progression of Vertebral Fractures in Patients with Adrenocortical Carcinoma Undergoing Mitotane Therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2167-e2176. [PMID: 34905056 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) are frequently on mitotane therapy for a long time period. The drug exerts adrenolytic activity requiring glucocorticoid supplementation, which can be potentially detrimental for bone. OBJECTIVE To explore whether mitotane with/without chemotherapy is associated with an increased proportion of morphometric vertebral fractures (VFs) in ACC patients. Secondary objectives were proportion of patients with VF progression, or worsening of the spinal deformity index (SDI) during mitotane therapy; and to explore predictive factors of VF progression and a prognostic role of VF progression. METHODS Multicenter, retrospective cohort study of patients with ACC who received mitotane alone or in association to chemotherapy, recruited from January 2010 to January 2020 in 2 reference centers in Italy and France. RESULTS A significant increase in the frequency of VFs before and after mitotane therapy was seen both in Italian (28.3% vs 47.8%, P = .04) and French (17.8% vs 35.6%, P = .04) series. VF progression was observed in 39.1%, and 28.9% of patients, respectively. Baseline VFs and increased patient body mass index, but not the dose of cortisol supplementation, showed an independent association with VF progression at multivariate analysis. Among the 72 advanced ACC patients, progression of VFs was associated with a poorer survival. CONCLUSION The administration of mitotane with/without chemotherapy in ACC patients impairs bone health independently from cortisol supplementation. Appropriate preventive measures to decrease the fracture risk should be implemented in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Cosentini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia. ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia. ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Julien Hadoux
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, and Interventional Medicine, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Rossella Libè
- Department of Endocrinology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michele Frigerio
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia. ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Laganà
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia. ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Frederic Deschamps
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Manuel Zamparini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia. ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Livia Lamartina
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, and Interventional Medicine, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Rebecca Pedersini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia. ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Clara Valsecchi
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia. ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Maroldi
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia. ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Abir Al Ghuzlan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, and Interventional Medicine, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Massimo Terzolo
- Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Roberto Gasparotti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia. ASST Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eric Baudin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, and Interventional Medicine, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia. ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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11
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An Overview of Systematic Reviews of the Role of Vitamin D on Inflammation in Patients with Diabetes and the Potentiality of Its Application on Diabetic Patients with COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052873. [PMID: 35270015 PMCID: PMC8911457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost two years have passed since the outbreak reported for the first time in Wuhan of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 coronavirus, rapidly evolved into a pandemic. This infectious disease has stressed global health care systems. The mortality rate is higher, particularly in elderly population and in patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, chronic renal disease, and malignancy. Among them, subjects with diabetes have a high risk of developing severe form of COVID-19 and show increased mortality. How diabetes contributes to COVID-19 severity remains unclear. It has been hypothesized that it may be correlated with the effects of hyperglycemia on systemic inflammatory responses and immune system dysfunction. Vitamin D (VD) is a modulator of immune-response. Data from literature showed that vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 patients increases COVID-19 severity, likely because of its negative impact on immune and inflammatory responses. Therefore, the use of vitamin D might play a role in some aspects of the infection, particularly the inflammatory state and the immune system function of patients. Moreover, a piece of evidence highlighted a link among vitamin D deficiency, obesity and diabetes, all factors associated with COVID-19 severity. Given this background, we performed an overview of the systematic reviews to assess the association between vitamin D supplementation and inflammatory markers in patients with diabetes; furthermore, vitamin D’s possible role in COVID-19 patients was assessed as well. Three databases, namely MEDLINE, PubMed Central and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, were reviewed to retrieve the pertinent data. The aim of this review is to provide insight into the recent advances about the molecular basis of the relationship between vitamin D, immune response, inflammation, diabetes and COVID-19.
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12
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Mazziotti G, Vena W, Pedersini R, Piccini S, Morenghi E, Cosentini D, Zucali P, Torrisi R, Sporeni S, Simoncini EL, Maroldi R, Balzarini L, Lania AG, Berruti A. Prediction of vertebral fractures in cancer patients undergoing hormone deprivation therapies: reliability of who fracture risk assessment tool (frax) and bone mineral density in real-life clinical practice. J Bone Oncol 2022; 33:100421. [PMID: 35310388 PMCID: PMC8928084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2022.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In females under estrogen-deprivation therapies, risk of vertebral fractures was associated with FRAX score for major fractures, with the best therapeutic threshold of 6.5%. In males under androgen-deprivation therapy, risk of vertebral fractures was high when BMD T-score was lower than −1.0 SD or when subjects were treated with abiraterone. High body mass index was an independent risk factor for vertebral fractures in males exposed to androgen-deprivation therapy. In the setting of hormonal deprivation therapies, FRAX and BMD thresholds were lower than those used in post-menopausal osteoporosis and primary male osteoporosis.
Background and Objective Prediction of fractures in cancer survivors exposed to hormone-deprivation therapies (HDTs) is a challenge since bone loss is rapid and severe, and determinants of fractures in this setting are still largely unknown. In this study we investigated reliability of the WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and bone mineral density (BMD) to identify subjects developing vertebral fractures during HDTs. Design Five-hundred-twenty-seven consecutive subjects (429 females with breast cancer, 98 males with prostate cancer; median age 61 years), under HDTs for at least 6 months, were evaluated for vertebral fractures by a radiological and morphometric approach, in relationship with FRAX score, body mass index (BMI), BMD, age and duration of HDTs. Results Vertebral fractures were found in 140 subjects (26.6%) and spine deformity index was significantly associated with duration of HDTs (rho 0.38; p < 0.001). Only in females, vertebral fractures were significantly associated with FRAX score for major fractures [OR 1.08; P < 0.001]. The best cut-off of FRAX score for major fractures, as calculated by receiving operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was 6.35%. In males, however, vertebral fractures were significantly and independently associated with BMI ≥ 25 Kg/m2 (OR 17.63; P < 0.001), BMD T-score below −1.0 SD at any skeletal site (OR 7.79; P < 0.001) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) plus abiraterone treatment (OR 11.51; P = 0.001). Conclusions FRAX and BMD may be useful for predicting vertebral fractures in subjects undergoing HDTs, but the thresholds seem to be lower than those used in the general population. High BMI is a determinant of vertebral fractures in males under HDT.
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di Filippo L, Allora A, Doga M, Formenti AM, Locatelli M, Rovere Querini P, Frara S, Giustina A. Vitamin D Levels Are Associated With Blood Glucose and BMI in COVID-19 Patients, Predicting Disease Severity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e348-e360. [PMID: 34383926 PMCID: PMC8385994 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A high prevalence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency in COVID-19 patients has been reported and hypothesized to increase COVID-19 severity likely because of its negative impact on immune and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, clear associations between hypovitaminosis D and fat body mass excess and diabetes, factors associated with COVID-19 severity, have been widely recognized. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate in COVID-19 patients the relationship between VD levels and inflammatory response, body mass index (BMI), blood glucose (GLU), and disease severity. METHODS Patients admitted to San Raffaele-Hospital for COVID-19 were enrolled in this study, excluding those with comorbidities and therapies influencing VD metabolism. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels, plasma GLU levels, BMI, and inflammatory parameters were evaluated at admission. RESULTS A total of 88 patients were included. Median VD level was 16.3 ng/mL and VD deficiency was found in 68.2% of patients. VD deficiency was found more frequently in male patients and in those affected by severe COVID-19. Regression analyses showed a positive correlation between VD and PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and negative correlations between VD and plasma GLU, BMI, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6. Patients with both hypovitaminosis D and diabetes mellitus, as well those with hypovitaminosis D and overweight, were more frequently affected by a severe disease with worse inflammatory response and respiratory parameters, compared to those without or just one of these conditions. CONCLUSION We showed, for the first-time, a strict association of VD levels with blood GLU and BMI in COVID-19 patients. VD deficiency might be a novel common pathophysiological mechanism involved in the detrimental effect of hyperglycemia and adiposity on disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi di Filippo
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Allora
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Doga
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Formenti
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Locatelli
- Laboratory Medicine Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere Querini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Division of Transplantation, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Frara
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: Prof. Andrea Giustina, Division of Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy;
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Bilezikian JP, Formenti AM, Adler RA, Binkley N, Bouillon R, Lazaretti-Castro M, Marcocci C, Napoli N, Rizzoli R, Giustina A. Vitamin D: Dosing, levels, form, and route of administration: Does one approach fit all? Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:1201-1218. [PMID: 34940947 PMCID: PMC8696970 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The 4th International Conference on Controversies in Vitamin D was held as a virtual meeting in September, 2020, gathering together leading international scientific and medical experts in vitamin D. Since vitamin D has a crucial role in skeletal and extra-skeletal systems, the aim of the Conference was to discuss improved management of vitamin D dosing, therapeutic levels and form or route of administration in the general population and in different clinical conditions. A tailored approach, based on the specific mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency in different diseases that were discussed, was recommended. Specifically, in comparison to healthy populations, higher levels of vitamin D and greater amounts of vitamin D were deemed necessary in osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity (particularly after bariatric surgery), and in those treated with glucocorticoids. Emerging and still open issues were related to target vitamin D levels and the role of vitamin D supplementation in COVID-19 since low vitamin D may predispose to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to worse COVID-19 outcomes. Finally, whereas oral daily cholecalciferol appears to be the preferred choice for vitamin D supplementation in the general population, and in most clinical conditions, active vitamin D analogs may be indicated in patients with hypoparathyroidism and severe kidney and liver insufficiency. Parenteral vitamin D administration could be helpful in malabsorption syndromes or in states of vitamin D resistance.Specific guidelines for desired levels of vitamin D should be tailored to the different conditions affecting vitamin D metabolism with the goal to define disease-specific normative values.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Bilezikian
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology Division, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Maria Formenti
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Robert A Adler
- McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of chronic diseases, metabolism and ageing, Leuven, KU, Belgium
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rene Rizzoli
- Service of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS Hospital, Milano, Italy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D and its deficiency have recently been suspected to be involved in increased susceptibility and negative outcomes of COVID-19. This assumption was based on the well known immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D and on the consistent finding of low levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Moreover, several studies reported a correlation between 25OHD levels and different clinical outcomes of the disease. AIM Aim of the current review was to approach the topic of vitamin D and COVID-19 from a different perspective summarizing the data which led to the evidence of the existence of an endocrine phenotype of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS This review analyzed in the light of the current knowledge the possibility that several endocrine manifestations of COVID-19 could be holistically interpreted in the context of an inadequate vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University and IRCCS Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Formenti AM, Dalla Volta A, di Filippo L, Berruti A, Giustina A. Effects of Medical Treatment of Prostate Cancer on Bone Health. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:135-158. [PMID: 33509658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Medical treatment of prostate cancer (PC) is multidisciplinary, resulting in prolonged survival. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) can have negative effects on skeletal metabolism, particularly if combined with glucocorticoids. We discuss the pathophysiology and effects of ADT and glucocorticoids on skeletal endpoints, as well as the awareness and management of bone fragility. Coadministration of glucocorticoids is necessary with abiraterone because this causes a novel acquired form of 17-hydroxylase deficiency and synergistically increases the risk of fracture by affecting bone quality. Bone antiresorptive agents [selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS), bisphosphonates, and denosumab] increase bone mineral density (BMD) and in some instances reduce fracture risk in PC patients on ADT. Awareness and management of bone health in PC can be improved by integrating endocrinologists into the multidisciplinary PC team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Formenti
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita Salute University, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Volta
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi di Filippo
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita Salute University, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita Salute University, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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