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Zaib S, Javed H, Ogaly HA, Khan I. Evaluating the Anti‐Gastric Ulcer Activity of
Aegle marmelos
: A Brief Review. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Central Punjab Lahore 54590 Pakistan
| | - Hira Javed
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Central Punjab Lahore 54590 Pakistan
| | - Hanan A. Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science King Khalid University Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University Giza 12211 Egypt
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN United Kingdom
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Xie W, Huang X, Chen R, Chen R, Li T, Wu W, Huang Z. Esomeprazole alleviates the damage to stress ulcer in rats through not only its antisecretory effect but its antioxidant effect by inactivating the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:2969-2984. [PMID: 31686780 PMCID: PMC6709796 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s193641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Stress ulcer is a severe complication in critically ill patients and causes a high mortality. The proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole is widely applied in the treatment of stress ulcers because of its powerful acid suppression ability. However, the mechanism of stress ulcer and the precise gastroprotective effect of esomeprazole in stress ulcer remain unclear. Purpose In the present study, the rats with water-immersed and restraint (WIR)-induced stress ulcer were used to further elucidate the anti-ulcerogenic capacity of esomeprazole in stress ulcer in addition to its anti-acid secreting ability. Methods and results The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (NS), water-immersed and restraint group (WIR), high-dose application of esomeprazole plus stress ulcer-induced group (HE+WIR), low-dose application of esomeprazole plus stress ulcer-induced group (LE+WIR), and high-dose application of esomeprazole without stress ulcer-induced group (HE). Our study showed that the pretreatment of esomeprazole alleviated gastric tissue damage in both macroscopic and histopathological manifestations. Pretreatment of esomeprazole elevated the decline in PEG2 level affected by WIR; and it inhibited the secretion of gastric acid, gastrin and pepsin. Moreover, esomeprazole exerted its antioxidant effects by reducing malondialdehyde levels, enhancing the expressions of antioxidant factors like glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing the compensatory transcriptional elevation of SOD1 gene. Esomeprazole also reduced the levels of MPO (myeloperoxidase), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β according to its anti-inflammatory effects. We further explored the possible mechanism of esomeprazole pretreatment on stress ulcer and demonstrated that esomeprazole attenuated the high phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and p38 MAPK, and decreased the NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation induced by WIR related stress ulcer. Conclusion Our study provides some evidence that the esomeprazole pretreatment exerts gastroprotective effects in WIR-induced stress ulcer through not only its antisecretory effect but also its antioxidant effect by inactivating the p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xielin Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Renpin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruru Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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Fu Y, Wu HQ, Cui HL, Li YY, Li CZ. Gastroprotective and anti-ulcer effects of oxymatrine against several gastric ulcer models in rats: Possible roles of antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and prosurvival mechanisms. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2047-2058. [PMID: 30024074 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Department of Paediatrics; Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province; Xinxiang 453000 China
| | - Huan-qing Wu
- Department of Paediatrics; Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province; Xinxiang 453000 China
| | - Huai-liang Cui
- Department of Paediatrics; Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province; Xinxiang 453000 China
| | - Yue-yun Li
- Department of Paediatrics; Xinxiang Central Hospital of Henan Province; Xinxiang 453000 China
| | - Chang-zheng Li
- Institute of biological life sciences; Xinxiang Medical University; Xinxiang 453003 China
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Divergence between the Highly Virulent Zoonotic Pathogen Helicobacter heilmannii and Its Closest Relative, the Low-Virulence "Helicobacter ailurogastricus" sp. nov. Infect Immun 2015; 84:293-306. [PMID: 26527212 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01300-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter heilmannii naturally colonizes the stomachs of dogs and cats and has been associated with gastric disorders in humans. Nine feline Helicobacter strains, classified as H. heilmannii based on ureAB and 16S rRNA gene sequences, were divided into a highly virulent and a low-virulence group. The genomes of these strains were sequenced to investigate their phylogenetic relationships, to define their gene content and diversity, and to determine if the differences in pathogenicity were associated with the presence or absence of potential virulence genes. The capacities of these helicobacters to bind to the gastric mucosa were investigated as well. Our analyses revealed that the low-virulence strains do not belong to the species H. heilmannii but to a novel, closely related species for which we propose the name Helicobacter ailurogastricus. Several homologs of H. pylori virulence factors, such as IceA1, HrgA, and jhp0562-like glycosyltransferase, are present in H. heilmannii but absent in H. ailurogastricus. Both species contain a VacA-like autotransporter, for which the passenger domain is remarkably larger in H. ailurogastricus than in H. heilmannii. In addition, H. ailurogastricus shows clear differences in binding to the gastric mucosa compared to H. heilmannii. These findings highlight the low-virulence character of this novel Helicobacter species.
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Ramakrishna YG, Savithri K, Kist M, Devaraj SN. Aegle marmelos fruit extract attenuates Helicobacter pylori Lipopolysaccharide induced oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:375. [PMID: 26482072 PMCID: PMC4615325 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bael (Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr.) has been widely used in indigenous systems of Indian medicine to exploit its medicinal properties including astringent, antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, demulcent, antipyretic, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory and anti cancer activities. The present study aims to evaluate the antioxidative and antiulcer effect of methanolic extract of unripe fruit of Aegle marmelos (MEAM) against Helicobacter pylori-Lipopolysaccharide (HP-LPS) induced gastric ulcer in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS Dose and duration of HP-LPS and MEAM were fixed based on ulcer index of gastric tissue of experimental animals. Various gastric secretory parameters such as volume of gastric juice, free and total acidity, acid output, pepsin concentration were analyzed. The activities of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase), non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) and the levels of lipid peroxidation products were measured. Histological analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of Aegle marmelos on HP-LPS induced gastric ulcer. RESULTS Oral administration of HP-LPS (50 μg per animal) for four consecutive days resulted in induction of ulcer with the increase in gastric secretory parameters such as volume of gastric juice, free and total acidity, acid output, pepsin concentration. Oral administration of methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos fruit (MEAM) (25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) reduced the gastric ulcer by 2.8 %, 52.4 %, 73 %, 93 % and 93.98 %, respectively, compared to 89.2 % reduction by sucralfate (100 mg/kg). MEAM treatment significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the increase in gastric secretory parameters in ulcerated rats, and it also prevented the reduction of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E) after HP-LPS induction. In addition, lipid peroxidation was inhibited by MEAM in HP-LPS induced rats. Results of histological analysis correlated well with biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION These observations explored the antioxidant properties of MEAM contributing to the gastroprotective effect in HP-LPS induced gastric ulcer model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kumarasamy Savithri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India.
| | - Manfred Kist
- Institut fur Medizinische, Mekrobiologie und Hygiene, Freiburg, Germany.
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Yeh YC, Cheng HC, Yang HB, Chang WL, Sheu BS. H. pylori CagL-Y58/E59 prime higher integrin α5β1 in adverse pH condition to enhance hypochlorhydria vicious cycle for gastric carcinogenesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72735. [PMID: 24009701 PMCID: PMC3757014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims H. pylori CagL amino acid polymorphisms such as Y58/E59 can increase integrin α5β1 expression and gastric cancer risk. Hypochlorhydria during chronic H. pylori infection promotes gastric carcinogenesis. The study test whether CagL-Y58/E59 isolates may regulate integrin α5β1 to translocate CagA via the type IV secretory system even under adverse pH conditions, and whether the integrin α5β1 expression primed by H. pylori is a pH-dependent process involving hypochlorhydria in a vicious cycle to promote gastric carcinogenesis. Methods The expressions of integrin α5 and β1, CagA phosphorylation, IL-8, FAK, EGFR, and AKT activation of AGS cells exposed to CagL-Y58/E59 H. pylori, isogenic mutants, and different H. pylori CagL amino acid replacement mutants under different pH values were determined. Differences in the pepsinogen I/II ratio (indirectly indicating gastric acidity) and gastric integrin α5β1 expression were compared among the 172 H. pylori-infected patients with different cancer risks. Results Even under adversely low pH condition, H. pylori CagL-Y58/E59 still keep active integrin β1 with stronger binding affinity, CagA translocation, IL-8, FAK, EGFR, and AKT activation than the other mutants (p<0.05). The in vitro assay revealed higher priming of integrin α5β1 by H. pylori under elevated pH as hypochlorhydria (p<0.05). In the H. pylori-infected patients, the gastric integrin α5β1 expressions were higher in those with pepsinogen I/II ratio <6 than in those without (p<0.05). Conclusions H. pylori CagL-Y58/E59 prime higher integrin under adverse pH and may involve to enhance hypochlorhydria vicious cycle for gastric carcinogenesis, and thus require an early eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Yeh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chi Cheng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Bai Yang
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Ton-Yen General Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Shyang Sheu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Oliver KM, Lenihan CR, Bruning U, Cheong A, Laffey JG, McLoughlin P, Taylor CT, Cummins EP. Hypercapnia induces cleavage and nuclear localization of RelB protein, giving insight into CO2 sensing and signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:14004-11. [PMID: 22396550 PMCID: PMC3340129 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.347971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is increasingly being appreciated as an intracellular signaling molecule that affects inflammatory and immune responses. Elevated arterial CO2 (hypercapnia) is encountered in a range of clinical conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and as a consequence of therapeutic ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. In patients suffering from this syndrome, therapeutic hypoventilation strategy designed to reduce mechanical damage to the lungs is accompanied by systemic hypercapnia and associated acidosis, which are associated with improved patient outcome. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of hypercapnia and the relative contribution of elevated CO2 or associated acidosis to this response remain poorly understood. Recently, a role for the non-canonical NF-κB pathway has been postulated to be important in signaling the cellular transcriptional response to CO2. In this study, we demonstrate that in cells exposed to elevated CO2, the NF-κB family member RelB was cleaved to a lower molecular weight form and translocated to the nucleus in both mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549). Furthermore, elevated nuclear RelB was observed in vivo and correlated with hypercapnia-induced protection against LPS-induced lung injury. Hypercapnia-induced RelB processing was sensitive to proteasomal inhibition by MG-132 but was independent of the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β or MALT-1, both of which have been previously shown to mediate RelB processing. Taken together, these data demonstrate that RelB is a CO2-sensitive NF-κB family member that may contribute to the beneficial effects of hypercapnia in inflammatory diseases of the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Oliver
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Khanavi M, Ahmadi R, Rajabi A, Jabbari Arfaee S, Hassanzadeh G, Khademi R, Hadjiakhoondi A, Beyer C, Sharifzadeh M. Pharmacological and histological effects of Centaurea bruguierana ssp. belangerana on indomethacin-induced peptic ulcer in rats. J Nat Med 2011; 66:343-9. [PMID: 21993908 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The species Centaurea bruguierana (DC.) Hand.-Mazz. ssp. belangerana (DC.) Bornm. (CBB) (Asteraceae), known as "Baad-Avard" in Borazjan, Bushehr Province, southern Iran, is used in folk medicine as a hypoglycemic herb in diabetes and as a remedy for peptic ulcer disorders. Total 80% EtOH extract and petroleum ether, CHCl(3), EtOAc, n-BuOH, and remaining fractions obtained by solvent-solvent fractionation of dried aerial flowering parts of the plant were investigated for anti-ulcer activity against indomethacin-induced ulcerogenesis in rats. Anti-ulcer activity was evaluated by measuring the ulcer index (UI) and ulcer inhibition. The UI was significantly reduced in all treated animals. A dramatic decrease in the UI was observed following the administration of total extract (100 mg/kg, p < 0.001) and CHCl(3) fraction (42 mg/kg, ***p < 0.001) in comparison with the control group. The percentage ulcer inhibition with total extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg (97.66%) and CHCl(3) fraction at a dose of 42 mg/kg (96.96%) was found to be higher (p < 0.001) than the reference group (cimetidine 100 mg/kg) (87.08%). The pharmacological and histological results of the present study proved that the aerial flowering parts of CBB possess preventive activity against peptic ulcer, supporting the traditional assertion in southern Iranian folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Khanavi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chu SH, Lim JW, Kim DG, Lee ES, Kim KH, Kim H. Down-regulation of Bcl-2 is mediated by NF-κB activation in Helicobacter pylori-induced apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011; 46:148-55. [PMID: 20969490 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2010.525255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bcl-2 family is involved in the regulation of apoptosis. NF-κB activation is associated with either the expression of Bcl-2 or down-regulation of Bcl-2 depending on cell types and stimuli. Previously, we showed NF-κB activation, decrease in the level of Bcl-2, and apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected gastric epithelial cells. The present study aims to investigate the relation of Bcl-2 expression and NF-κB activation in H. pylori-induced apoptotic cell death of AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma) cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS AGS cells were transfected with mutant IκBα to suppress NF-κB activation or Bcl-2 gene to induce overexpression of Bcl-2. mRNA expression of Bcl-2, p53 and Bax, DNA fragmentation, cell viability, and the numbers of apoptotic cells were determined. RESULTS H. pylori induced decrease in Bcl-2, but increase in p53 and Bax at the levels of mRNA and protein in AGS cells. H. pylori-induced increment of apoptotic cells and decrease in Bcl-2 level were inhibited in the cells transfected with mutant IκBα gene as compared with the cells transfected with control vector. H. pylori-induced apoptosis determined by apoptotic cells, DNA fragmentation, and cell viability was inhibited in the cells transfected with Bcl-2 gene. CONCLUSION Down-regulation of Bcl-2 is mediated by NF-κB activation, which may be the underlying mechanism of apoptosis in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hui Chu
- Nursing Policy and Research Institute, Biobehavioral Research Center, Yonsei University College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea
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Saha A, Backert S, Hammond CE, Gooz M, Smolka AJ. Helicobacter pylori CagL activates ADAM17 to induce repression of the gastric H, K-ATPase alpha subunit. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:239-48. [PMID: 20303353 PMCID: PMC2902712 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Infection with Helicobacter pylori represses expression of the gastric H, K-adenosine triphosphatase alpha-subunit (HKalpha), which could contribute to transient hypochlorhydria. CagL, a pilus protein component of the H pylori type IV secretion system, binds to the integrin alpha(5)beta1 to mediate translocation of virulence factors into the host cell and initiate signaling. alpha(5)beta1 binds a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17, a metalloenzyme that catalyzes ectodomain shedding of receptor tyrosine kinase ligands. We investigated whether H pylori-induced repression of HKalpha is mediated by CagL activation of ADAM17 and release of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF). METHODS HKalpha promoter and ADAM17 activity were measured in AGS gastric epithelial cells transfected with HKalpha promoter-reporter constructs or ADAM17-specific small interfering RNAs and infected with H pylori. HB-EGF secretion was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis, and ADAM17 interaction with integrins was investigated by coimmunoprecipitation analyses. RESULTS Infection of AGS cells with wild-type H pylori or an H pylori cagL-deficient isogenic mutant that also contained a wild-type version of cagL (P12DeltacagL/cagL) repressed HKalpha promoter-Luc reporter activity and stimulated ADAM17 activity. Both responses were inhibited by point mutations in the nuclear factor-kappaB binding site of HKalpha or by infection with P12DeltacagL. Small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of ADAM17 in AGS cells inhibited the repression of wild-type HKalpha promoter and reduced ADAM17 activity and HB-EGF production, compared to controls. Coimmunoprecipitation studies of AGS lysates showed that wild-type H pylori disrupted ADAM17-alpha5beta1 complexes. CONCLUSIONS During acute H pylori infection, CagL dissociates ADAM17 from the integrin alpha(5)beta1 and activates ADAM17-dependent, nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated repression of HKalpha. This might contribute to transient hypochlorhydria in patients with H pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Saha
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Steffen Backert
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Monika Gooz
- Co-corresponding authors: Monika Gooz, MD, PhD, Medicine/Nephrology STB 409, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St., Charleston, SC 29403, 843 789 6771, . Adam J. Smolka, PhD, Medicine/Gastro CSB 921E, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, 843 792 3527,
| | - Adam J. Smolka
- Co-corresponding authors: Monika Gooz, MD, PhD, Medicine/Nephrology STB 409, Medical University of South Carolina, 114 Doughty St., Charleston, SC 29403, 843 789 6771, . Adam J. Smolka, PhD, Medicine/Gastro CSB 921E, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, 843 792 3527,
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Devi RS, Kist M, Vani G, Devi CSS. Effect of methanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna against Helicobacter pylori 26695 lipopolysaccharide-induced gastric ulcer in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:505-14. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.4.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide (HP-LPS) is a potent virulence factor in the causation of gastric ulcer and gastritis. H. pylori-induced gastric pathology is prevalent throughout the world. Herbal medicines are attracting attention because of their traditional values, popularity and belief, as well as for their advantages such as less toxicity, affordability and medicinal value. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-ulcer effect of a methanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna (TA) against HP-LPS-induced gastric damage in rats. Ulcers were induced with HP-LPS (50 μg per animal) administered orally daily for 3 days. The efficacy of TA on gastric secretory parameters such as volume of gastric juice, pH, free and total acidity, pepsin concentration, and the cytoprotective parameters such as protein-bound carbohydrate complexes in gastric juice and gastric mucosa was assessed. The protective effect of TA was also confirmed by histopathological examination of gastric mucosa. HP-LPS-induced alterations in gastric secretory parameters were altered favourably in rats treated with TA, suggesting that TA has an anti-secretory role. Furthermore, HP-LPS-induced impairments in gastric defence factors were also prevented by treatment with TA. These results suggest that the severe cellular damage and pathological changes caused by HP-LPS are mitigated by TA; these effects are comparable with those of sucralfate. The anti-ulcer effect of TA may reflect its ability to combat factors that damage the gastric mucosa, and to protect the mucosal defensive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rethinam Sundaresan Devi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manfred Kist
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ganapathy Vani
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abdel-Latif MM, Windle HJ, Davies A, Volkov Y, Kelleher D. A new mechanism of gastric epithelial injury induced by acid exposure: The role of Egr-1 and ERK signaling pathways. J Cell Biochem 2009; 108:249-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Choi IJ, Fujimoto S, Yamauchi K, Graham DY, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori environmental interactions: effect of acidic conditions on H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal interleukin-8 production. Cell Microbiol 2007; 9:2457-69. [PMID: 17517062 PMCID: PMC2827486 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To explore the interactions between the host, environment and bacterium responsible for the different manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection, we examined the effect of acidic conditions on H. pylori-induced interleukin (IL)-8 expression. AGS gastric epithelial cells were exposed to acidic pH and infected with H. pylori[wild-type strain, its isogenic cag pathogenicity island (PAI) mutant or its oipA mutant]. Exposure of AGS cells to acidic pH alone did not enhance IL-8 production. However, following exposure to acidic conditions, H. pylori infection resulted in marked enhancement of IL-8 production which was independent of the presence of the cag PAI and OipA, indicating that H. pylori and acidic conditions act synergistically to induce gastric mucosal IL-8 production. In neutral pH environments H. pylori-induced IL-8 induction involved the NF-kappaB pathways, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-->c-Fos/c-Jun-->activating protein (AP-1) pathways, JNK-->c-Jun-->AP-1 pathways and the p38 pathways. At acidic pH H. pylori-induced augmentation of IL-8 production involved markedly upregulated the NF-kappaB pathways and the ERK-->c-Fos-->AP-1 pathways. In contrast, activation of the JNK-->c-Jun-->AP-1 pathways and p38 pathways were pH independent. These results might explain the clinical studies in which patients with duodenal ulcers had higher levels of IL-8 in the antral gastric mucosa than patients with simple H. pylori gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- For correspondence. ; Tel. (+1) 713 794 7597; Fax (+1) 713 795 4471
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The duodenum absorbs nearly all secreted gastric acid. Carbonic anhydrases facilitate transmucosal acid movement. The upper gastrointestinal tract must resist a variety of injuries, including those caused by ingested noxious substances, acid, ischemia/reperfusion, and infections such as Helicobacter pylori. The results are similar, however, regardless of insult: inflammation, ulceration, or metaplasia/dysplasia. In the past year, there have been prominent findings suggesting that oxidative stress and the formation of reactive oxygen species may play a pivotal role in all forms of injury, and that antioxidants may be the key to injury prevention and healing. RECENT FINDINGS Oxidative injury may be a common mechanism by which the upper gastrointestinal mucosa responds to noxious insults. Endogenous antioxidants, such as ghrelin, L-carnitine, and annexin-1 attenuate the oxidative-stress response. Similarly, exogenous antioxidants have also been shown to decrease inflammation, upregulate free radical scavengers, and prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species. SUMMARY Many studies published in the past year have linked oxidative stress to a variety of upper gastrointestinal insults. Exogenous and endogenous antioxidant compounds prevent the oxidative stress response. The future holds great promise for the development of pharmaceuticals with antioxidant properties that are safe, efficacious, and inexpensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamie H Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, USA
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Duggan SP, Gallagher WM, Fox EJP, Abdel-Latif MM, Reynolds JV, Kelleher D. Low pH induces co-ordinate regulation of gene expression in oesophageal cells. Carcinogenesis 2005; 27:319-27. [PMID: 16113055 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgi211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is known to be a causative risk factor in the evolution of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. The major component of this reflux is gastric acid. However, the impact of low pH on gene expression has not been extensively studied in oesophageal cells. This study utilizes a transcriptomic and bioinformatic approach to assess regulation of gene expression in response to low pH. In more detail, oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines were exposed to a range of pH environments. Affymetrix microarrays were used for gene-expression analysis and results were validated using cycle limitation and real-time RT-PCR analysis, as well as northern and western blotting. Comparative promoter transcription factor binding site (TFBS) analysis (MatInspector) of hierarchically clustered gene-expression data was employed to identify the elements which may co-ordinately regulate individual gene clusters. Initial experiments demonstrated maximal induction of EGR1 gene expression at pH 6.5. Subsequent array experimentation revealed significant induction of gene expression from such functional categories as DNA damage response (EGR1-4, ATF3) and cell-cycle control (GADD34, GADD45, p57). Changes in expression of EGR1, EGR3, ATF3, MKP-1, FOSB, CTGF and CYR61 were verified in separate experiments and in a variety of oesophageal cell lines. TFBS analysis of promoters identified transcription factors that may co-ordinately regulate gene-expression clusters, Cluster 1: Oct-1, AP4R; Cluster 2: NF-kB, EGRF; Cluster 3: IKRS, AP-1F. Low pH has the ability to induce genes and pathways which can provide an environment suitable for the progression of malignancy. Further functional analysis of the genes and clusters identified in this low pH study is likely to lead to new insights into the pathogenesis and therapeutics of GORD and oesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane P Duggan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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