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Avinash Tejasvi ML, Maragathavalli G, Putcha UK, Ramakrishna M, Vijayaraghavan R, Anulekha Avinash CK. Impact of ERCC1 gene polymorphisms on response to cisplatin based therapy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 63:538-543. [PMID: 33154302 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_964_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Cisplatin is one of the major drugs that used in the treatment of oral cancer.Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) is a key DNA repair gene in the nucleotide excision repair pathway which is activated in the repair of intra- and interstrand DNA crosslink caused by platinum-based treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms in ERCC1 (C118T & C8092A) genes and the response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Methods ERCC1polymorphisms (C118T & C8092A) were studied using PCR-RFLP method from 150 OSCC patients as cases as well as 150 normal tissues from the same patients were collected as controls for this study. Results: Frequencies of ERCC1 C118C, C118T and T118T genotypes were 60%, 28% and 12% in OSCC patients and 78%, 19% and 3% in the controls, respectively. The C118T & T118T genotype had a 1.69 and 4.97 -folds increased risk for OSCC. Frequencies of ERCC1 C8092C, C8092A and A8092A were 78%, 18% and 4% in the OSCC patients and 89%, 10%, amd 1% in the controls, respectively. The C8092A genotype showed a 1.97-fold increased risk for OSCC. Interpretation & Conclusions In conclusion, this study highlights the DNA repair gene polymorphisms that might play a role in mediating susceptibility to oral squamous cell carcinoma and cisplatin therapy. Our data suggest that the ERCC1 C118T, T118T and ERCC1 C8092A genotypes are genetic risk factors for Oral squamous cell carcinoma and ERCC1 118 C/T and C8092A polymorphisms have significant influence on clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Avinash Tejasvi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, Ph.D Scholar (Oral Medicine and Radiology), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Maragathavalli
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uday Kumar Putcha
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M Ramakrishna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MNJ Institute of Oncology and Regional Cancer Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - R Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Research and Development, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C K Anulekha Avinash
- Department of Prosthodontics, Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana, India
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Morales ME, Kaul T, Walker J, Everett C, White T, Deininger P. Altered DNA repair creates novel Alu/Alu repeat-mediated deletions. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:600-613. [PMID: 33675284 PMCID: PMC8068675 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alu elements are the most abundant source of nonallelic homology that influences genetic instability in the human genome. When there is a DNA double-stranded break, the Alu element's high copy number, moderate length and distance and mismatch between elements uniquely influence recombination processes. We utilize a reporter-gene assay to show the complex influence of Alu mismatches on Alu-related repeat-mediated deletions (RMDs). The Alu/Alu heteroduplex intermediate can result in a nonallelic homologous recombination (HR). Alternatively, the heteroduplex can result in various DNA breaks around the Alu elements caused by competing nucleases. These breaks can undergo Alt-nonhomologous end joining to cause deletions focused around the Alu elements. Formation of these heteroduplex intermediates is largely RAD52 dependent. Cells with low ERCC1 levels utilize more of these alternatives resolutions, while cells with MSH2 defects tend to have more RMDs with a specific increase in the HR events. Therefore, Alu elements are expected to create different forms of deletions in various cancers depending on a number of these DNA repair defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Morales
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tiffany Kaul
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - JaNiece Walker
- Department of Biology, Xavier University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chelsea Everett
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Travis White
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Prescott Deininger
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Busatto FF, Viero VP, Schaefer BT, Saffi J. Cell growth analysis and nucleotide excision repair modulation in breast cancer cells submitted to a protocol using doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Life Sci 2021; 268:118990. [PMID: 33412214 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the most used regimens to treat breast cancer is the dose-dense ACT protocol, a combination of anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX) with cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel (PCTX). However, many tumors show resistance to the protocols applied. It is known that the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway acts by removing the DOX-generated lesions, and this, together with other DNA repair pathways, can modulate the response to treatment. AIMS To evaluate the in vitro growth profile of breast cancer cells (MCF7), and the modulation of DNA repair genes, submitted to a protocol using DOX and PCTX in a similar regimen to what is used in clinical practice. MAIN METHODS MCF7 cells were treated with repeated cycles of DOX and PCTX and followed-up during and after each of the treatments. The population doubling of the remaining cells was calculated during the complete protocol and DNA repair gene expression was evaluated at different time-points. KEY FINDINGS An increase in all NER genes analyzed after the DOX treatment was observed, but not after the PCTX treatment. MRE11was overexpressed at all evaluated time-points. There was a resumption of NER genes overexpression profile when cells were maintained for follow-up and retook their growth pattern, indicating that DNA repair pathways can modulate their expression during the chemotherapy exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Faccio Busatto
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cell Biology (PPGBCM), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Victoria Pereira Viero
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Thaís Schaefer
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Saffi
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre - UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cell Biology (PPGBCM), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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da Costa Junior LC, de Castro CL, Freitas-Alves DR, Vianna-Jorge R, Santos PCJL. ABCB1 and ERCC1 gene polymorphisms are associated with nephro- and hepatotoxicity to carboplatin/paclitaxel-based chemotherapy in patients with gynecologic cancers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 76:1401-1408. [PMID: 32564116 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-02934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel/carboplatin combination is the standard chemotherapeutic protocol for gynecologic cancers, but severe toxicities may compromise treatment. There is great inter-individual variability regarding the incidence and severity of toxicities, which may be due to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affecting drug disposition or cellular sensitivity. Here we investigate the impact of selected SNPs in ERCC1, ABCB1, CYP2C8, and CYP3A5 genes on the incidence of severe toxicities, including nephro- and hepatotoxicity. METHODS A cohort of 507 gynecological cancer patients receiving paclitaxel/carboplatin was recruited at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA-Brazil). Clinical data were obtained during routine consultations or from electronic medical records. Toxicities were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE 5.0). Genotyping was performed using real-time PCR. RESULTS ABCB1 c.1236C>T was associated with moderate-to-severe (grades 2-4) nephrotoxicity (ORadjusted 2.40; 95% CI 1.39-4.15), even after adjustment for age (≥ 65) and diabetes. The risk association between ABCB1 c.1236C>T and moderate-to-severe nephrotoxicity following paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy was also present among non-diabetic patients (ORadjusted 2.16; 95% CI 1.22-3.82). ERCC1 c.118C>T was the only individual variable associated with an increased risk for moderate-to-severe (grades 2-4) hepatotoxicity (OR 3.71; 95% CI 1.08-12.77), severe nausea (OR 4.18; 95% CI 1.59-10.95), and severe myalgia (OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.12-3.40). CONCLUSIONS ABCB1 c.1236C>T and ERCC1 c.118C>T might serve as potential biomarkers for the risk of moderate-to-severe toxicities to carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy of gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Carlos da Costa Junior
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Rua Três de Maio, nº 100, 4° andar, Infar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Lourenço de Castro
- Hospital do Câncer II (HCII), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Osvaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniely Regina Freitas-Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Osvaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas, nº 373, Bl.J, 1° andar, sala 27, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Rosane Vianna-Jorge
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública e Meio Ambiente, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Fundação Osvaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Av. Carlos Chagas, nº 373, Bl.J, 1° andar, sala 27, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil. .,Coordenação de Pesquisa (CPQ), Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Caleb Júnior Lima Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Rua Três de Maio, nº 100, 4° andar, Infar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.
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Helicobacter pylori severely reduces expression of DNA repair proteins PMS2 and ERCC1 in gastritis and gastric cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 89:102836. [PMID: 32143126 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancers are the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Helicobacter pylori causes over 60 % of all stomach cancers. Colonization of the gastric mucosa by H. pylori results in increased DNA damage. Repair of DNA damage may also be reduced by H. pylori infection. Reduced DNA repair in combination with increased DNA damage can cause carcinogenic mutations. During progression to gastric cancer, gastric epithelium goes through stages of increasing pathology. Determining the levels of DNA repair enzymes during progression to gastric cancer could illuminate treatment approaches. Our aim is to determine the level of gastric expression of DNA repair proteins ERCC1 (a nucleotide excision repair enzyme) and PMS2 (a mismatch repair enzyme) in the presence of H. pylori infection at successive stages of gastric pathology and in gastric cancers. We analyzed gastric tissues of 300 individuals, including 30 without dyspepsia, 200 with dyspepsia and 70 with gastric cancers. The presence of H. pylori, gastric pathology and expression of DNA repair proteins ERCC1 and PMS2 were evaluated. Infection by H. pylori carrying the common cagA gene reduced median nuclear expression of ERCC1 and PMS2 to less than 20 % and 15 % of normal, respectively, in all pathologic stages preceding cancer. ERCC1 and PMS2 nuclear expression was 0-5 % of normal in gastric cancers. H. pylori can cause deficiency of ERCC1 and PMS2 protein expression. These deficiencies are associated with gastric pathology and cancer. This reduction in DNA repair likely causes carcinogenic mutations. Substantially reduced ERCC1 and PMS2 expression appears to be an early step in progression to H. pylori-induced gastric cancer.
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Palmirotta R, Carella C, Silvestris E, Cives M, Stucci SL, Tucci M, Lovero D, Silvestris F. SNPs in predicting clinical efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy: walking through the quicksand. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25355-25382. [PMID: 29861877 PMCID: PMC5982750 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the "precision medicine" era, chemotherapy still remains the backbone for the treatment of many cancers, but no affordable predictors of response to the chemodrugs are available in clinical practice. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are gene sequence variations occurring in more than 1% of the full population, and account for approximately 80% of inter-individual genomic heterogeneity. A number of studies have investigated the predictive role of SNPs of genes enrolled in both pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutics, but the clinical implementation of related results has been modest so far. Among the examined germline polymorphic variants, several SNPs of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) have shown a robust role as predictors of toxicity following fluoropyrimidine- and/or irinotecan-based treatments respectively, and a few guidelines are mandatory in their detection before therapy initiation. Contrasting results, however, have been reported on the capability of variants of other genes as MTHFR, TYMS, ERCC1, XRCC1, GSTP1, CYP3A4/3A5 and ABCB1, in predicting either therapy efficacy or toxicity in patients undergoing treatment with pyrimidine antimetabolites, platinum derivatives, irinotecan and taxanes. While formal recommendations for routine testing of these SNPs cannot be drawn at this moment, therapeutic decisions may indeed benefit of germline genomic information, when available. Here, we summarize the clinical impact of germline genomic variants on the efficacy and toxicity of major chemodrugs, with the aim to facilitate the therapeutic expectance of clinicians in the odiern quicksand field of complex molecular biology concepts and controversial trial data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Palmirotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Carella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Erica Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mauro Cives
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Luigia Stucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenica Lovero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Franco Silvestris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Clinical and Molecular Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Hasegawa Y, Goto M, Hanai N, Ozawa T, Hirakawa H. Predictive biomarkers for combined chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in oro- and hypopharyngeal cancers. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 8:378-386. [PMID: 29399358 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify significant correlations between gene expression and chemotherapy response to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/cisplatin in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and to identify patients who would benefit from induction chemotherapy for both organ preservation and survival. A total of 64 patients who underwent radical treatment for HNSCC were enrolled. All patients received induction chemotherapy with 5-FU/cisplatin and tumor responses were evaluated. Pretreatment biopsy specimens from all patients were assayed for mRNA expression of thymidylate synthase, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, tymidine phosphorylase, glutathione S-transferase-pi, p53, RB Transcriptional Corepressor 1, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-xL, E2F Transcription Factor 1, epidermal growth factor receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, phosphatase and tensin homolog, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2, XPA, DNA Damage Recognition And Repair Factor, excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1), multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and β-tubulin by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the association between the expression levels of these genes and patient response to chemotherapy was determined. The complete response (CR) group and non-CR group for induction chemotherapy comprised 32.8 and 67.2% of patients, respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly higher for the CR group (95%) compared with the non-CR group (57%). According to univariate analysis, chemotherapy response was associated with T-class and mRNA expressions of DPD, ERCC1, XPA, p53, Bcl-2, VEGF and MDR1. Multivariate analysis identified ERCC1 expression and T-class as significant predictors of response to chemotherapy, indicating that a DNA-repair pathway and apoptosis pathway are pivotal mechanisms governing response to chemotherapy. The findings suggest that ERCC1 expression could be a predictive biomarker for chemotherapy response to 5-FU/cisplatin in HNSCC. Assessing mRNA expression is a standard method for these studies, however further investigations examining polymorphisms and mutations in addition to apoptotic responses are required to determine target gene activation in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Hasegawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Goto
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Aichi Gakuin University, Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hanai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Chikusaku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
| | - Taijiro Ozawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Aotakecho, Toyohashi 441-8570, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hirakawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of The Ryukyus, Nishiharacho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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Zhang Q, Shi J, Yuan F, Wang H, Fu W, Pan J, Huang Y, Yu J, Yang J, Chen Z. Higher expression of XPF is a critical factor in intrinsic chemotherapy resistance of human renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:2827-2837. [PMID: 27542841 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Human renal cancer is extremely resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This clinical characteristic reduces the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of recurrence or metastasis following surgical resection. Understanding the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in renal cell carcinoma remains a significant challenge. In this study, we have shown that varied level of XPF expression was organ-tissue specific by comparing human renal cancer, bladder cancer, testicular cancer and their normal tissue counterparts, respectively. The expression of XPF was significantly higher in renal cancer than in bladder cancer and testicular cancer and correlated with the clinical characteristic of their chemotherapeutics sensitivity. These novel findings proposed that the intrinsic chemoresistance of human renal cell carcinomas might be derived from the high level of XPF expression. In a panel of five cancer cell lines, decreasing cisplatin sensitivity correlated with increasing levels of XPF expression. Knockdown of XPF expression not only increased sensitivity of renal carcinoma cells to cisplatin treatment by affecting the DNA damage response, including DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, but also increased senescence of renal cancer cell. Furthermore, experiment in vivo confirmed that silenced XPF significantly increased the sensitivity and survival following treatment with cisplatin in xenograft mice bearing renal cell tumor. These findings firstly uncover a partial mechanism of intrinsic chemoresistance in renal cancer and may provide a new approach to break through the obstacle of intrinsic chemoresistance by targeting the XPF protein with a potential new inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiazhong Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Oncology Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihua Fu
- Urology Institute of PLA, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhong Pan
- Urology Institute of PLA, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaqin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhiwen Chen
- Urology Institute of PLA, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Kalikaki A, Voutsina A, Koutsopoulos A, Papadaki C, Sfakianaki M, Yachnakis E, Xyrafas A, Kotsakis A, Agelaki S, Souglakos J, Mavroudis D, Georgoulias V. ERCC1 SNPs as Potential Predictive Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Platinum-Based Chemotherapy. Cancer Invest 2015; 33:107-13. [PMID: 25647444 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2014.1001897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in ERCC1, XPD, and XRCC1 were examined for (a) association with the clinical outcome of 107 non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving front-line platinum-based chemotherapy, and (b) correlation with the ERCC1 mRNA levels of 176 chemo-naive primary tumors. The ERCC1-C8092 allele and the number of ERCC1 polymorphic variants (C8092A and Asn118Asn) were associated with progression-free survival. In non-squamous histology, tumoral ERCC1 mRNA levels were lower in patients homozygous for ERCC1-C8092 as compared with the patients carrying the A allele (p = .024). These findings merit investigation in larger cohorts of patients treated with uniform regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Kalikaki
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Crete , Heraklion, Crete , Greece , 1
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10
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ERCC1 Cys8092Ala and XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms predict progression-free survival after curative radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101256. [PMID: 25025378 PMCID: PMC4099069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA repair genes can alter gene expression and activity and affect response to cancer treatment and, correspondingly, survival. The present study was designed to evaluate the utility of the XRCC1 Arg399Gln and ERCC1 Cys8092Ala SNPs, measured in pretreatment biopsy samples, as predictors of response to radiotherapy in patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and methods The study included 75 consecutive patients with stage II-IVA-B NPC. XRCC1 Arg399Glu and ERCC1 Cys8092Ala SNPs were identified from paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens via Sanger sequencing. Expression of p53 and pAkt protein was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Potential relationships between genetic polymorphisms and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by using a Cox proportional hazards model, the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test. Results Multivariate analysis showed that carriers of the ERCC1 8092 Ala/Ala genotype [hazard ratio (HR) 1.882; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.031–3.438; P = 0.039] and heavy smokers (≥20 pack-years) carrying the XRCC1 Arg/Arg genotype (HR 2.019; 95% CI 1.010–4.036; P = 0.047) had significantly lower PFS rates. Moreover, combined positive expression of p53 and pAkt led to significantly increased PFS in subgroups carrying the XRCC1 Gln allele (HR 7.057; 95% CI 2.073–24.021; P = 0.002) or the ERCC1 Cys allele (HR 2.568; 95% CI 1.056–6.248; P = 0.038). Conclusions The ERCC1 Cys8092Ala polymorphism is an independent predictor of response to radiotherapy for NPC, and the XRCC1 Arg399Glu mutation combined with smoking status seems to predict PFS as well. Our results further suggest a possible correlation between these genetic polymorphisms and p53 protein status on survival.
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Li Y, Hu P, Cao Y, Wang GY, Wang N, Zhou RM. Predicting the outcome of platinum-based chemotherapies in epithelial ovarian cancer using the 8092C/A polymorphism of ERCC1: a meta-analysis. Biomarkers 2014; 19:128-34. [PMID: 24499239 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.882414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we performed this meta-analysis to estimate the association between excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) gene polymorphism and clinical resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in the patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS A total of 10 studies consist of 1479 EOC patients relating ERCC1 rs11615C/T and rs3212986C/A polymorphisms to the response of platinum-based chemotherapy were included in this meta-analysis. RESULTS The analysis showed that the AA genotype of the rs3212986C/A polymorphism in ERCC1 was associated with progression-free survival of EOC patients (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.12-1.73) and that the CA or AA genotypes could influence overall survival (HR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.05-1.56; and HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.17∼2.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The ERCC1 rs3212986C/A polymorphism may be a useful prognostic marker in platinum-based treatment of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Molecular Biology
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Zhang YY, Gu KS. DNA Repair Capacity in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Predicts Efficacy of Platinum-based Chemotherapy in Patients with Gastric Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:5507-12. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.9.5507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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13
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Facista A, Nguyen H, Lewis C, Prasad AR, Ramsey L, Zaitlin B, Nfonsam V, Krouse RS, Bernstein H, Payne CM, Stern S, Oatman N, Banerjee B, Bernstein C. Deficient expression of DNA repair enzymes in early progression to sporadic colon cancer. Genome Integr 2012; 3:3. [PMID: 22494821 PMCID: PMC3351028 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9414-3-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancers often arise within an area of cells (e.g. an epithelial patch) that is predisposed to the development of cancer, i.e. a "field of cancerization" or "field defect." Sporadic colon cancer is characterized by an elevated mutation rate and genomic instability. If a field defect were deficient in DNA repair, DNA damages would tend to escape repair and give rise to carcinogenic mutations. Purpose To determine whether reduced expression of DNA repair proteins Pms2, Ercc1 and Xpf (pairing partner of Ercc1) are early steps in progression to colon cancer. Results Tissue biopsies were taken during colonoscopies of 77 patients at 4 different risk levels for colon cancer, including 19 patients who had never had colonic neoplasia (who served as controls). In addition, 158 tissue samples were taken from tissues near or within colon cancers removed by resection and 16 tissue samples were taken near tubulovillous adenomas (TVAs) removed by resection. 568 triplicate tissue sections (a total of 1,704 tissue sections) from these tissue samples were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for 4 DNA repair proteins. Substantially reduced protein expression of Pms2, Ercc1 and Xpf occurred in field defects of up to 10 cm longitudinally distant from colon cancers or TVAs and within colon cancers. Expression of another DNA repair protein, Ku86, was infrequently reduced in these areas. When Pms2, Ercc1 or Xpf were reduced in protein expression, then either one or both of the other two proteins most often had reduced protein expression as well. The mean inner colon circumferences, from 32 resections, of the ascending, transverse and descending/sigmoid areas were measured as 6.6 cm, 5.8 cm and 6.3 cm, respectively. When combined with other measurements in the literature, this indicates the approximate mean number of colonic crypts in humans is 10 million. Conclusions The substantial deficiencies in protein expression of DNA repair proteins Pms2, Ercc1 and Xpf in about 1 million crypts near cancers and TVAs suggests that the tumors arose in field defects that were deficient in DNA repair and that deficiencies in Pms2, Ercc1 and Xpf are early steps, often occurring together, in progression to colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Facista
- Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Heath Care System, Mail Stop 0-151, 3601 S, 6th Ave,, Tucson, Arizona 85723, USA.
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14
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Wang LE, Yin M, Dong Q, Stewart DJ, Merriman KW, Amos CI, Spitz MR, Wei Q. DNA repair capacity in peripheral lymphocytes predicts survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:4121-8. [PMID: 21947825 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.34.3616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Platinum-based regimens are the standard chemotherapy for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). DNA repair capacity (DRC) in tumor cells plays an important role in resistance to platinum-based drugs. We have previously reported that efficient DRC, as assessed by an in vitro lymphocyte-based assay, was a determinant of poor survival in patients with NSCLC in a relatively small data set. In this larger independent study of 591 patients with NSCLC, we further evaluated whether DRC in peripheral lymphocytes predicts survival of patients with NSCLC who receive platinum-based chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients were recruited at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and donated blood samples before the start of any chemotherapy. We measured DRC in cultured T lymphocytes by using the host-cell reactivation assay, and we assessed associations between DRC in peripheral lymphocytes and survival of patients with NSCLC who were treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. RESULTS We found an inverse association between DRC in peripheral lymphocytes and patient survival. Compared with patients in the low tertile of DRC, patients with NSCLC in the high tertile of DRC had significantly worse overall and 3-year survival (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.71; P = .023; and HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.76; P = .025, respectively). This trend was more pronounced in patients with early-stage tumors, adenocarcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION We confirmed that DRC in peripheral lymphocytes is an independent predictor of survival for patients with NSCLC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-E Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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15
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Vaezi A, Feldman CH, Niedernhofer LJ. ERCC1 and XRCC1 as biomarkers for lung and head and neck cancer. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2011; 4:47-63. [PMID: 23226053 PMCID: PMC3513219 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are both treated with DNA damaging agents including platinum-based compounds and radiation therapy. However, at least one quarter of all tumors are resistant or refractory to these genotoxic agents. Yet the agents are extremely toxic, leading to undesirable side effects with potentially no benefit. Alternative therapies exist, but currently there are no tools to predict whether the first-line genotoxic agents will work in any given patient. To maximize therapeutic success and limit unnecessary toxicity, emerging clinical trials aim to inform personalized treatments tailored to the biology of individual tumors. Worldwide, significant resources have been invested in identifying biomarkers for guiding the treatment of lung and head and neck cancer. DNA repair proteins of the nucleotide excision repair pathway (ERCC1) and of the base excision repair pathway (XRCC1), which are instrumental in clearing DNA damage caused by platinum drugs and radiation, have been extensively studied as potential biomarkers of clinical outcomes in lung and head and neck cancers. The results are complex and contradictory. Here we summarize the current status of single nucleotide polymorphisms, mRNA, and protein expression of ERCC1 and XRCC1 in relation to cancer risk and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Vaezi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
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16
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Wang QE, Milum K, Han C, Huang YW, Wani G, Thomale J, Wani AA. Differential contributory roles of nucleotide excision and homologous recombination repair for enhancing cisplatin sensitivity in human ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:24. [PMID: 21385444 PMCID: PMC3064653 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents are widely used to treat various solid tumors, the acquired platinum resistance is a major impediment in their successful treatment. Since enhanced DNA repair capacity is a major factor in conferring cisplatin resistance, targeting of DNA repair pathways is an effective stratagem for overcoming cisplatin resistance. This study was designed to delineate the role of nucleotide excision repair (NER), the principal mechanism for the removal of cisplatin-induced DNA intrastrand crosslinks, in cisplatin resistance and reveal the impact of DNA repair interference on cisplatin sensitivity in human ovarian cancer cells. RESULTS We assessed the inherent NER efficiency of multiple matched pairs of cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cell lines and their expression of NER-related factors at mRNA and protein levels. Our results showed that only the cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell line PEO4 possessed an increased NER capacity compared to its inherently NER-inefficient parental line PEO1. Several other cisplatin-resistant cell lines, including CP70, CDDP and 2008C13, exhibited a normal and parental cell-comparable NER capacity for removing cisplatin-induced DNA intrastrand cross-links (Pt-GG). Concomitant gene expression analysis revealed discordance in mRNA and protein levels of NER factors in various ovarian cancer cell lines and NER proteins level were unrelated to the cisplatin sensitivity of these cell lines. Although knockdown of NER factors was able to compromise the NER efficiency, it only caused a minimal effect on cisplatin sensitivity. On the contrary, downregulation of BRCA2, a critical protein for homologous recombination repair (HRR), significantly enhanced the efficacy of cisplatin in killing ovarian cancer cell line PEO4. CONCLUSION Our studies indicate that the level of NER factors in ovarian cancer cell lines is neither a determinant of their NER capacity nor of the sensitivity to cisplatin, and suggest that manipulation of the HRR but not the NER factor expression provides an effective strategy for sensitizing cisplatin-resistant tumors to platinating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-En Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Ganzinelli M, Mariani P, Cattaneo D, Fossati R, Fruscio R, Corso S, Ricci F, Broggini M, Damia G. Expression of DNA repair genes in ovarian cancer samples: biological and clinical considerations. Eur J Cancer 2011; 47:1086-94. [PMID: 21216588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate retrospectively the mRNA expression of genes involved in different DNA repair pathways implicated in processing platinum-induced damage in 171 chemotherapy-naïve ovarian tumours and correlate the expression of the different genes with clinical parameters. The expression of genes involved in DNA repair pathways (PARP1, ERCC1, XPA, XPF, XPG, BRCA1, FANCA, FANCC, FANCD2, FANCF and PolEta), and in DNA damage transduction (Chk1 and Claspin) was measured by RT-PCR in 13 stage I borderline and 77 stage I and 88 III ovarian carcinomas. ERCC1, XPA, XPF and XPG genes were significantly less expressed in stage III than in stage I carcinoma; BRCA1, FANCA, FANCC, FANCD2 gene expressions were low in borderline tumours, higher in stage I carcinomas and lower in stage III samples. High levels of ERCC1, XPA, FANCC, XPG and PolEta correlated with an increase in Overall Survival (OS) and Progression Free Survival (PFS), whilst high BRCA1 levels were associated with PFS on univariate analysis. With multivariate analyses no genes retained an association when adjusted by stage, grade and residual tumour. A tendency towards a better PFS was observed in patients with the highest level of ERCC1 and BRCA1 after platinum-based therapy than those given both platinum and taxol. The expression of DNA repair genes differed in borderline stage I, stage I and stage III ovarian carcinomas. The role of DNA repair genes in predicting the response in ovarian cancer patients seems far from being established.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ganzinelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy.
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Steffensen KD, Waldstrøm M, Jakobsen A. DNA-repair ERCC1 Gene Polymorphisms in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Relation to Platinum Resistance and Survival. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2011.22016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Arora S, Kothandapani A, Tillison K, Kalman-Maltese V, Patrick SM. Downregulation of XPF-ERCC1 enhances cisplatin efficacy in cancer cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2010; 9:745-53. [PMID: 20418188 PMCID: PMC4331052 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bulky cisplatin lesions are repaired primarily by nucleotide excision repair (NER), in which the structure specific endonuclease XPF-ERCC1 is a critical component. It is now known that the XPF-ERCC1 complex has repair functions beyond NER and plays a role in homologous recombination (HR). It has been suggested that expression of ERCC1 correlates with cisplatin drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In our study, using NSCLC, ovarian, and breast cancer cells, we show that the XPF-ERCC1 complex is a valid target to increase cisplatin cytotoxicity and efficacy. We targeted XPF-ERCC1 complex by RNA interference and assessed the repair capacity of cisplatin intrastrand and interstrand crosslinks by ELISA and alkaline comet assay, respectively. We also assessed the repair of cisplatin-ICL-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) by monitoring gamma-H2AX focus formation. Interestingly, XPF protein levels were significantly reduced following ERCC1 downregulation, but the converse was not observed. The transcript levels were unaffected suggesting that XPF protein stability is likely affected. The repair of both types of cisplatin-DNA lesions was decreased with downregulation of XPF, ERCC1 or both XPF-ERCC1. The ICL-induced DSBs persist in the absence of XPF-ERCC1. The suppression of the XPF-ERCC1 complex significantly decreases the cellular viability which correlates well with the decrease in DNA repair capacity. A double knockdown of XPF-ERCC1 displays the greatest level of cellular cytotoxicity when compared with XPF or ERCC1 alone. The difference in cytotoxicity observed is likely due to the level of total protein complex remaining. These data demonstrate that XPF-ERCC1 is a valid target to enhance cisplatin efficacy in cancer cells by affecting cisplatin-DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevani Arora
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Anbarasi Kothandapani
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Kristin Tillison
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Vivian Kalman-Maltese
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Steve M. Patrick
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, United States
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20
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Ahmad S. Platinum-DNA interactions and subsequent cellular processes controlling sensitivity to anticancer platinum complexes. Chem Biodivers 2010; 7:543-66. [PMID: 20232326 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based compounds are widely used as chemotherapeutics for the treatment of a variety of cancers. The anticancer activity of cisplatin and other platinum drugs is believed to arise from their interaction with DNA. Several cellular pathways are activated in response to this interaction, which include recognition by high-mobility group and repair proteins, translesion synthesis by polymerases, and induction of apoptosis. The apoptotic process is regulated by activation of caspases, p53 gene, and several proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins. Such cellular processing eventually leads to an inhibition of the replication or transcription machinery of the cell. Deactivation of platinum drugs by thiols, increased nucleotide excision repair of Pt-DNA adducts, decreased mismatch repair, and defective apoptosis result in resistance to platinum therapy. The differences in cytotoxicity of various platinum complexes are attributed to the differential recognition of their adducts by cellular proteins. Cisplatin and oxaliplatin both produce mainly 1,2-GG intrastrand cross-links as major adducts, but oxaliplatin is found to be more active particularly against cisplatin-resistant tumor cells. Mismatch repair and replicative bypass appear to be the processes most likely involved in differentiating the molecular responses to these two agents. This review describes the formation of Pt-DNA adducts, their interaction with cellular components, and biological effects of this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan.
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21
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Wu CC, Liu MT, Chang YT, Fang CY, Chou SP, Liao HW, Kuo KL, Hsu SL, Chen YR, Wang PW, Chen YL, Chuang HY, Lee CH, Chen M, Wayne Chang WS, Chen JY. Epstein-Barr virus DNase (BGLF5) induces genomic instability in human epithelial cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 38:1932-49. [PMID: 20034954 PMCID: PMC2847232 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) DNase (BGLF5) is an alkaline nuclease and has been suggested to be important in the viral life cycle. However, its effect on host cells remains unknown. Serological and histopathological studies implied that EBV DNase seems to be correlated with carcinogenesis. Therefore, we investigate the effect of EBV DNase on epithelial cells. Here, we report that expression of EBV DNase induces increased formation of micronucleus, an indicator of genomic instability, in human epithelial cells. We also demonstrate, using γH2AX formation and comet assay, that EBV DNase induces DNA damage. Furthermore, using host cell reactivation assay, we find that EBV DNase expression repressed damaged DNA repair in various epithelial cells. Western blot and quantitative PCR analyses reveal that expression of repair-related genes is reduced significantly in cells expressing EBV DNase. Host shut-off mutants eliminate shut-off expression of repair genes and repress damaged DNA repair, suggesting that shut-off function of BGLF5 contributes to repression of DNA repair. In addition, EBV DNase caused chromosomal aberrations and increased the microsatellite instability (MSI) and frequency of genetic mutation in human epithelial cells. Together, we propose that EBV DNase induces genomic instability in epithelial cells, which may be through induction of DNA damage and also repression of DNA repair, subsequently increases MSI and genetic mutations, and may contribute consequently to the carcinogenesis of human epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chun Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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Sun Y, Li T, Ma K, Tian Z, Zhu Y, Chen F, Hu G. The impacts of ERCC1 gene exon VIII alternative splicing on cisplatin-resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Invest 2009; 27:891-7. [PMID: 19832035 DOI: 10.3109/07357900902744536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Excision repair cross complementation group-1 (ERCC1) was reported to be responsible for drug resistance during cancer treatment. In this report, we first proved the existence of ERCC1 exon VIII alternative splicing in ovarian cancer cells. Further investigation showed that over-expressed exon VIII deficient ERCC1 variant failed to change the protein level of ERCC1 in cancer cells, but decreased the excision repair function of ERCC1 and enhanced sensitivity of cancer cells to cisplatin in a dose-dependent manner. The results indicate that ERCC1 exon VIII alternative splicing does exist in some ovarian cancer cell lines, and regulates cisplatin-resistance in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Kalikaki A, Kanaki M, Vassalou H, Souglakos J, Voutsina A, Georgoulias V, Mavroudis D. DNA Repair Gene Polymorphisms Predict Favorable Clinical Outcome in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2009; 10:118-23. [DOI: 10.3816/clc.2009.n.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Ceppi P, Volante M, Ferrero A, Righi L, Rapa I, Rosas R, Berruti A, Dogliotti L, Scagliotti GV, Papotti M. Thymidylate synthase expression in gastroenteropancreatic and pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:1059-64. [PMID: 18281538 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The predictive role of the quantification of thymidylate synthase (TS) in tumors treated with antifolate drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), has been extensively reported in a variety of human tumors. Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) represent potential targets of antifolate agents, but no data on TS expression level in these tumors are currently available. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A series of 116 NETs were collected, including 58 gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) and 58 lung NETs. In 24 well-differentiated GEP neuroendocrine carcinomas (WD-NEC), a 5-FU-based treatment was given. Total RNA was extracted from microdissected paraffin blocks. TS mRNA quantification was done by real-time PCR, whereas protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS By means of both quantification by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, a higher TS expression in pulmonary small cell lung cancer and large cell NEC compared with typical and atypical carcinoids was observed (P < 0.01). Similarly, in GEP tumors, a higher TS expression in poorly differentiated carcinomas than both WD-NEC and benign tumors (P < 0.01) was found. In patients with WD-NEC treated with 5-FU, high TS mRNA levels were associated with shorter time to progression (P = 0.002) and overall survival (P = 0.04). This negative prognostic role was confirmed in multivariate analysis adjusting for major prognostic variables (P = 0.01). No association between TS mRNA and survival was observed in WD-NEC patients not receiving 5-FU. CONCLUSIONS This study, for the first time, (a) reports the differential TS expression in the spectrum of NETs and (b) indicates TS as a possible predictive marker of treatment efficacy in WD-NEC patients treated with 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ceppi
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Pathology Division, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, Torino, Italy.
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Gossage L, Madhusudan S. Current status of excision repair cross complementing-group 1 (ERCC1) in cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2007; 33:565-77. [PMID: 17707593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Revised: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are some of the most widely used anti-cancer agents in solid tumours. The cytotoxicity of platinating agents is directly related to their ability to cause DNA intra-strand crosslinks that trigger a series of intracellular events that ultimately result in cell death. DNA intra-strand crosslinks are processed and repaired by the nucleotide excision repair pathway. It is now clear that nucleotide excision repair (NER) capacity may have a major impact on the emergence of resistance, normal tissue tolerance and patient outcomes. ERCC1 is a key player in NER. In this review, we provide an overview of mammalian NER and then focus on biochemical, structural and pre-clinical aspects of ERCC1. We then present current clinical evidence implicating ERCC1 as a predictive and prognostic marker in cancer. Early evidence also suggests that ERCC1 or the pathways involved in the regulation of ERCC1 expression may be attractive anti-cancer targets. Such agents are expected to potentiate the cytotoxicity of platinating agents and could have a major impact on cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Gossage
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Academic Unit of Oncology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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