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Chu Y, Yuan Q, Jiang H, Wu L, Xie Y, Zhang X, Li L. A comprehensive review of the anticancer effects of decursin. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1303412. [PMID: 38444945 PMCID: PMC10912667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1303412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a globally complex disease with a plethora of genetic, physiological, metabolic, and environmental variations. With the increasing resistance to current anticancer drugs, efforts have been made to develop effective cancer treatments. Currently, natural products are considered promising cancer therapeutic agents due to their potent anticancer activity and low intrinsic toxicity. Decursin, a coumarin analog mainly derived from the roots of the medicinal plant Angelica sinensis, has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and especially anticancer activities. Existing studies indicate that decursin affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, and metastasis. It also indirectly affects the immune microenvironment and can act as a potential anticancer agent. Decursin can exert synergistic antitumor effects when used in combination with a number of common clinical anticancer drugs, enhancing chemotherapy sensitivity and reversing drug resistance in cancer cells, suggesting that decursin is a good drug combination. Second, decursin is also a promising lead compound, and compounds modifying its structure and formulation form also have good anticancer effects. In addition, decursin is not only a key ingredient in several natural herbs and dietary supplements but is also available through a biosynthetic pathway, with anticancer properties and a high degree of safety in cells, animals, and humans. Thus, it is evident that decursin is a promising natural compound, and its great potential for cancer prevention and treatment needs to be studied and explored in greater depth to support its move from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hangyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yutao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Individualized Drug Therapy, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Individualized Drug Therapy, Nanchong, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Coagulation Disorders in Sepsis and COVID-19-Two Sides of the Same Coin? A Review of Inflammation-Coagulation Crosstalk in Bacterial Sepsis and COVID-19. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020601. [PMID: 36675530 PMCID: PMC9866352 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Sepsis-associated coagulation disorders are involved in the pathogenesis of multiorgan failure and lead to a subsequently worsening prognosis. Alongside the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, a great number of research papers have focused on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and treatment. Significant progress has been made in this regard and coagulation disturbances were once again found to underlie some of the most serious adverse outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as acute lung injury and multiorgan dysfunction. In the attempt of untangling the mechanisms behind COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC), a series of similarities with sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) became apparent. Whether they are, in fact, the same disease has not been established yet. The clinical picture of CAC shows the unique feature of an initial phase of intravascular coagulation confined to the respiratory system. Only later on, patients can develop a clinically significant form of systemic coagulopathy, possibly with a consumptive pattern, but, unlike SIC, it is not a key feature. Deepening our understanding of CAC pathogenesis has to remain a major goal for the research community, in order to design and validate accurate definitions and classification criteria.
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Kim N, Kim C, Ryu SH, Bae JS. Jujuboside B Inhibited High Mobility Group Box Protein 1-Mediated Severe Inflammatory Responses in Human Endothelial Cells and Mice. J Med Food 2023; 26:40-48. [PMID: 36576404 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.k.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) is a biomolecule that acts as an alerting signal of late sepsis by accelerating the production of proinflammatory cytokines, and eventually leads to various inflammation-related symptoms. When released into plasma at high concentration, it disrupts precise diagnosis and prognosis and worsens the survival of patients with systemic inflammatory conditions. Jujuboside B (JB) is a natural compound pressed from the seed of Zizyphi Spinosi Semen, which is known for its medical efficacies in treating various conditions such as hyperlipidemia, hypoxia, and platelet aggregation. Nevertheless, the medicinal activity of JB on HMGB1-involved inflammatory response in vascular cells in the human body is still ambiguous. Therefore, we hypothesized that JB could regulate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced dynamics of HMGB1 and its mediated cascade in inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this experiment, JB and HMGB1 were administered in that order. In vitro and in vivo permeability, and cell viability, adhesion, and excavation of leukocytes, development of cell adhesion molecules, and lastly production of proinflammatory substances were investigated on human endothelial cells and mouse disease models to investigate the efficacy of JB in inflammatory condition. JB substantially blocked the translocation of HMGB1 from HUVECs and controlled HMGB1-induced adhesion and extravasation of the neutrophils through LPS-treated HUVECs. Moreover, JB decreased the formation of HMGB1 receptors and continually prevented HMGB1-induced proinflammatory mechanisms by blocking transcription of nuclear factor-κB and synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-α. In conclusion, JB demonstrated preventive effects against inflammatory pathologies and showed the potential to be a candidate substance for various inflammatory diseases by regulating HMGB1-mediated cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chaeyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soo Ho Ryu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong-Sup Bae
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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4
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Yang Y, Wu JJ, Xia J, Wan Y, Xu JF, Zhang L, Liu D, Chen L, Tang F, Ao H, Peng C. Can aloin develop to medicines or healthcare products? Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Lü J, Jiang C, Schell TD, Joshi M, Raman JD, Xing C. Angelica gigas: Signature Compounds, In Vivo Anticancer, Analgesic, Neuroprotective and Other Activities, and the Clinical Translation Challenges. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1475-1527. [PMID: 35876033 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2250063x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) root is a medicinal herbal widely used in traditional medicine in Korea. AGN root ethanolic extract dietary supplements are marketed in the United States for memory health and pain management. We comprehensively reviewed the anticancer, analgesic, pro-memory and other bio-activities of AGN extract and its signature phytochemicals decursin, decursinol angelate, and decursinol a decade ago in 2012 and updated their anticancer activities in 2015. In the last decade, significant progress has been made for understanding the pharmacokinetics (PK) and metabolism of these compounds in animal models and single dose human PK studies have been published by us and others. In addition to increased knowledge of the known bioactivities, new bioactivities with potential novel health benefits have been reported in animal models of cerebral ischemia/stroke, anxiety, sleep disorder, epilepsy, inflammatory bowel disease, sepsis, metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and even male infertility. Herein, we will update PK and metabolism of pyranocoumarins, review in vivo bioactivities from animal models and human studies, and critically appraise the relevant active compounds, the cellular and molecular pharmacodynamic targets, and pertinent mechanisms of action. Knowledge gaps include whether human pyranocoumarin PK metrics are AGN dose dependent and subjected to metabolic ceiling, or metabolic adaptation after repeated use. Critical clinical translation challenges include sourcing of AGN extracts, product consistency and quality control, and AGN dose optimization for different health conditions and disease indications. Future research directions are articulated to fill knowledge gaps and address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxuan Lü
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Todd D Schell
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Monika Joshi
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jay D Raman
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Department of Urology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Chen H, Li N, Zhan X, Zheng T, Huang X, Chen Q, Song Z, Yang F, Nie H, Zhang Y, Zheng B, Gong Q. Capsaicin Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury Through the HMGB1/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathways. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5291-5304. [PMID: 34703269 PMCID: PMC8524366 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s309457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-geranyl-6-nonamide; CAP) is an alkaloid isolated from chili peppers, which has complex pharmacological properties, including beneficial effects against various diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CAP in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), and the possible underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods ALI was induced by intranasal administration of LPS (0.5 mg/kg), and CAP (1 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally 3 days before exposure to LPS. Then, the histopathological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and qPCR were used to detect pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and lung tissue. The expressions of HMGB1/NF-κB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways and apoptosis-associated molecules were determined by Western blot and/or qPCR. In addition, the lung cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining, and the expression and location of cleaved caspase-3 were detected by immunofluorescence analysis. Results CAP pretreatment significantly protected mice from LPS-induced ALI, with reduced lung wet/dry weight ratio, lung histological damage, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and significant increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. In addition, CAP pretreatment significantly inhibited the high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) expression, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, mice pre-treated with CAP exhibited reduced apoptosis of lung tissues, with associated down-regulation of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and BAX expression, and up-regulation of BCL-2. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that CAP can protect against LPS-induced ALI by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis through down-regulation of the HMGB1/NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinzhou Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianglin Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Nie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxiang Zhang
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People's Republic of China
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Association of plasma level of high-mobility group box-1 with necroptosis and sepsis outcomes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9512. [PMID: 33947887 PMCID: PMC8097071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in outcome prediction in sepsis is controversial. Furthermore, its association with necroptosis, a programmed cell necrosis mechanism, is still unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify the association between the plasma levels of HMGB1 and the severity and clinical outcomes of sepsis, and to examine the correlation between HMGB1 and key executors of necroptosis including receptor-interacting kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like- (MLKL) proteins. Plasma HMGB1, RIPK3, and MLKL levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from the derivation cohort of 188 prospectively enrolled, critically-ill patients between April 2014 and December 2016, and from the validation cohort of 77 patients with sepsis between January 2017 and January 2019. In the derivation cohort, the plasma HMGB1 levels of the control (n = 46, 24.5%), sepsis (n = 58, 30.9%), and septic shock (n = 84, 44.7%) groups were significantly increased (P < 0.001). A difference in mortality between high (≥ 5.9 ng/mL) and low (< 5.9 ng/mL) HMGB1 levels was observed up to 90 days (Log-rank test, P = 0.009). There were positive linear correlations of plasma HMGB1 with RIPK3 (R2 = 0.61, P < 0.001) and MLKL (R2 = 0.7890, P < 0.001). The difference in mortality and correlation of HMGB1 levels with RIPK3 and MLKL were confirmed in the validation cohort. Plasma levels of HMGB1 were associated with the severity and mortality attributed to sepsis. They were correlated with RIPK3 and MLKL, thus suggesting an association of HMGB1 with necroptosis.
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Gordon LB, Tuminelli K, Andrés V, Campisi J, Kieran MW, Doucette L, Gordon AS. The progeria research foundation 10 th international scientific workshop; researching possibilities, ExTENding lives - webinar version scientific summary. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9143-9151. [PMID: 33735109 PMCID: PMC8034973 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progeria is an ultra-rare (prevalence 1 in 20 million), fatal, pediatric autosomal dominant premature aging disease caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene. This mutation results in accumulation of a high level of an aberrant form of the nuclear membrane protein, Lamin A. This aberrant protein, termed progerin, accumulates in many tissues and is responsible for the diverse array of disease phenotypes. Children die predominantly from premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The Progeria Research Foundation’s 10th International Scientific Workshop took place via webinar on November 2 and 3, 2020. Participants from 30 countries joined in this new, virtual meeting format. Patient family presentations led the program, followed by updates on Progeria’s first-ever application for FDA drug approval as well as initial results from the only current Progeria clinical trial. This was followed by presentations of unpublished preclinical data on drugs in development targeting the disease-causing DNA mutation, the aberrant mRNA, progerin protein, and its downstream effector proteins. Tying bench to bedside, clinicians presented new discoveries on the natural history of disease to inform future clinical trial development and new Progeria aortic valve replacement procedures. The program engaged the Progeria research community as a single unit with a common goal – to treat and cure children with Progeria worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Hasbro Children's Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,The Progeria Research Foundation, Peabody, MA 01961, USA
| | | | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.,Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Lynn Doucette
- The Progeria Research Foundation, Peabody, MA 01961, USA
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Overexpression of miR-129-5p Mitigates Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Targeting High Mobility Group Box 1. J Surg Res 2020; 256:23-30. [PMID: 32682121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are dysregulated in sepsis. Acute lung injury is a progressive syndrome during sepsis. However, the role of miR-129-5p in the development of acute lung injury induced by sepsis remains unclear. METHODS The acute lung injury of sepsis model was established by cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-treated mice and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated murine alveolar epithelial cell line (MLE)-12 cells. The lung injury in vivo was investigated by hematoxylin and eosin staining, terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, and myeloperoxidase activity. The lung injury in vitro was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of miR-129-5p and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The association between miR-129-5p and HMGB1 was validated by luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The expression of miR-129-5p was decreased in CLP model and LPS-treated MLE-12 cells. Overexpression of miR-129-5p attenuated inflammatory response, apoptosis, lung wet/dry weight ratio, and myeloperoxidase activity induced by CLP surgery in vivo. Moreover, addition of miR-129-5p increased cell viability and suppressed cell apoptosis and inflammatory response in vitro. HMGB1 as a target of miR-129-5p alleviated miR-129-5p-mediated injury suppression in LPS-treated MLE-12 cells. CONCLUSIONS miR-129-5p protects against sepsis-induced acute lung injury by decreasing HMGB1 expression, providing new target for sepsis treatment.
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Denning NL, Aziz M, Gurien SD, Wang P. DAMPs and NETs in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2536. [PMID: 31736963 PMCID: PMC6831555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a deadly inflammatory syndrome caused by an exaggerated immune response to infection. Much has been focused on host response to pathogens mediated through the interaction of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs are also activated by host nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytosolic proteins, known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are released from cells during sepsis. Some well described members of the DAMP family are extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), histones, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). DAMPs are released from the cell through inflammasome activation or passively following cell death. Similarly, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released from neutrophils during inflammation. NETs are webs of extracellular DNA decorated with histones, myeloperoxidase, and elastase. Although NETs contribute to pathogen clearance, excessive NET formation promotes inflammation and tissue damage in sepsis. Here, we review DAMPs and NETs and their crosstalk in sepsis with respect to their sources, activation, release, and function. A clear grasp of DAMPs, NETs and their interaction is crucial for the understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis and for the development of novel sepsis therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi-Liza Denning
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Steven D Gurien
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
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