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Abou-Hamdan H, Guillot R, Kouklovsky C, Vincent G. Synthesis of a Seco iso-Secologanin Aglycone Analogue of Interest toward Secoiridoids and Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9244-9252. [PMID: 34129330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the access to an acyclic iso-secologanin aglycone analogue relevant to secoiridoids and monoterpene indole alkaloids. Its synthesis involved the regioselective allylic alkylation of a linear dienyl carbonate with dimethyl malonate, which was catalyzed by an iridium complex, and an anti-Markovnikov Wacker-type oxidation of the terminal alkene of the branched product that was obtained. The thus-formed aldehyde was engaged in a Pictet-Spengler reaction with tryptamine toward monoterpene indole alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Abou-Hamdan
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Vincent
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France
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Anthony SM, Tona V, Zou Y, Morrill LA, Billingsley JM, Lim M, Tang Y, Houk KN, Garg NK. Total Synthesis of (-)-Strictosidine and Interception of Aryne Natural Product Derivatives "Strictosidyne" and "Strictosamidyne". J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7471-7479. [PMID: 33955226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids are a large class of natural products derived from a single biosynthetic precursor, strictosidine. We describe a synthetic approach to strictosidine that relies on a key facially selective Diels-Alder reaction between a glucosyl-modified alkene and an enal to set the C15-C20-C21 stereotriad. DFT calculations were used to examine the origin of stereoselectivity in this key step, wherein two of 16 possible isomers are predominantly formed. These calculations suggest the presence of a glucosyl unit, also inherent in the strictosidine structure, guides diastereoselectivity, with the reactive conformation of the vinyl glycoside dienophile being controlled by an exo-anomeric effect. (-)-Strictosidine was subsequently accessed using late-stage synthetic manipulations and an enzymatic Pictet-Spengler reaction. Several new natural product analogs were also accessed, including precursors to two unusual aryne natural product derivatives termed "strictosidyne" and "strictosamidyne". These studies provide a strategy for accessing glycosylic natural products and a new platform to access monoterpene indole alkaloids and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Anthony
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Veronica Tona
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yike Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lucas A Morrill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - John M Billingsley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Megan Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Heravi MM, Janati F, Zadsirjan V. Applications of Knoevenagel condensation reaction in the total synthesis of natural products. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rakumitsu K, Sakamoto J, Ishikawa H. Total Syntheses of (-)-Secologanin, (-)-5-Carboxystrictosidine, and (-)-Rubenine. Chemistry 2019; 25:8996-9000. [PMID: 31069870 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total syntheses of (-)-secologanin (1), (-)-5-carboxystrictosidine (2), and (-)-rubenine (3) were accomplished in 10, 9, and 14 steps, respectively. The key transformation in the synthesis of 1 was a sequential anti-selective organocatalytic Michael reaction/Fukuyama reduction/spontaneous cyclization to form an optically active dihydropyran ring. In addition, the secologanin tetraacetate (16), which is a potential key intermediate for the bioinspired divergent syntheses of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, was prepared in gram-scale in seven steps. The total syntheses of 2 and 3, which are classified as glycosylated monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, were achieved through bioinspired transformations such as a diastereoselective Pictet-Spengler reaction, a site- and stereoselective epoxidation, and a site-selective epoxide ring-opening followed by a lactonization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Rakumitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Jukiya Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hayato Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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Deep sequencing and transcriptome analyses to identify genes involved in secoiridoid biosynthesis in the Tibetan medicinal plant Swertia mussotii. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43108. [PMID: 28225035 PMCID: PMC5320516 DOI: 10.1038/srep43108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Swertia mussotii Franch. is an important traditional Tibetan medicinal plant with pharmacological properties effective in the treatment of various ailments including hepatitis. Secoiridoids are the major bioactive compounds in S. mussotii. To better understand the secoiridoid biosynthesis pathway, we generated transcriptome sequences from the root, leaf, stem, and flower tissues, and performed de novo sequence assembly, yielding 98,613 unique transcripts with an N50 of 1,085 bp. Putative functions could be assigned to 35,029 transcripts (35.52%) based on BLAST searches against annotation databases including GO and KEGG. The expression profiles of 39 candidate transcripts encoding the key enzymes for secoiridoid biosynthesis were examined in different S. mussotii tissues, validated by qRT-PCR, and compared with the homologous genes from S. japonica, a species in the same family, unveiling the gene expression, regulation, and conservation of the pathway. The examination of the accumulated levels of three bioactive compounds, sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside, revealed their considerable variations in different tissues, with no significant correlation with the expression profiles of key genes in the pathway, suggesting complex biological behaviours in the coordination of metabolite biosynthesis and accumulation. The genomic dataset and analyses presented here lay the foundation for further research on this important medicinal plant.
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Cao X, Guo X, Yang X, Wang H, Hua W, He Y, Kang J, Wang Z. Transcriptional Responses and Gentiopicroside Biosynthesis in Methyl Jasmonate-Treated Gentiana macrophylla Seedlings. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166493. [PMID: 27851826 PMCID: PMC5112864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentiana macrophylla, a medicinal plant with significant pharmacological properties, contains the bioactive compound gentiopicroside. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is an effective elicitor for enhancing the production of such compounds. However, little is known about MeJA-mediated biosynthesis of gentiopicroside. We investigated this phenomenon as well as gene expression profiles to determine the molecular mechanisms for MeJA-mediated gentiopicroside biosynthesis and regulation in G. macrophylla. Our HPLC results showed that Gentiana macrophylla seedlings exposed to MeJA had significantly higher concentrations of gentiopicroside when compared with control plants. We used RNA sequencing to compare transcriptional profiles in seedlings treated for 5 d with either 0 μmol L-1 MeJA (C) or 250 μmol L-1 MeJA (M5) and detected differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In total, 77,482 unique sequences were obtained from approximately 34 million reads. Of these, 48,466 (57.46%) sequences were annotated based on BLASTs performed against public databases. We identified 5,206 DEGs between the C and M5 samples, including genes related to the α-lenolenic acid degradation pathway, JA signaling pathway, and gentiopicroside biosynthesis. Expression of numerous enzyme genes in the glycolysis pathway was significantly up-regulated. Many genes encoding transcription factors (e.g. ERF, bHLH, MYB, and WRKY) also responded to MeJA elicitation. Rapid acceleration of the glycolysis pathway that supplies precursors for IPP biosynthesis and up-regulates the expression of enzyme genes in that IPP pathway are probably most responsible for MeJA stimulation of gentiopicroside synthesis. Our qRT-PCR results showed that the expression profiles of 12 gentiopicroside biosynthesis genes were consistent with the RNA-Seq data. These results increase our understanding about how the gentiopicroside biosynthesis pathway in G. macrophylla responds to MeJA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaorong Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinbing Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huaiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenping Hua
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Shaanxi XueQian Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yihan He
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiefang Kang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (JK); (ZW)
| | - Zhezhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (JK); (ZW)
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Wang T, Qian W, Fu Y, Cai C, Mao P. Engineering of gentiopicroside-producing yeast strain using low-energy ion implantation mediated synthetic biology. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1175320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Weidong Qian
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
- Faculty of Photoelectrical Sciences, College of Photoelectrical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yunfang Fu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Changlong Cai
- Faculty of Photoelectrical Sciences, College of Photoelectrical Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Peihong Mao
- Faculty of Physics Sciences, School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, PR China
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Okada M, Yamada K, Fukuyama T, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M, Ryu I. Photocatalytic One-Pot Synthesis of Homoallyl Ketones via a Norrish Type I Reaction of Cyclopentanones. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9365-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Okada
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamada
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takahide Fukuyama
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilhyong Ryu
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Hua W, Zheng P, He Y, Cui L, Kong W, Wang Z. An insight into the genes involved in secoiridoid biosynthesis in Gentiana macrophylla by RNA-seq. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4817-25. [PMID: 24706059 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The dried root of Gentiana macrophylla is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating jaundice, hepatitis, and stomachic and choleretic ailments. However, natural sources are now in short supply. A lack of information about its genetic background has been a great hindrance to producing its active constituents via genetic engineering. We performed RNA-seq to obtain 42,918 unigenes (average length = 667 bp) in its transcriptome. Of these, 32,141 (74.89 %) were annotated and 2,339 unigenes were assigned to secondary-metabolite pathways. In all, 114 putative unigenes involved in secoiridoid biosynthesis were identified in our transcriptome library. A Blast X search against the Arabidopsis gene regulatory information server showed that 4,413 unigenes are homologous to transcription factor genes from Arabidopsis. Organ-specific genes and candidate gene expression profiles were also investigated with digital gene expression technology. Quantitative PCR was used to verify the expression patterns of several novel transcripts involved in secoiridoid biosynthesis. Our results not only enrich the gene resource but will also benefit research into the molecular genetics and functional genomics of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Hua
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
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Bach T, Hehn JP. Photochemical reactions as key steps in natural product synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:1000-45. [PMID: 21246702 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions contribute in a significant way to the existing repertoire of carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions by allowing access to exceptional molecular structures that cannot be obtained by conventional means. In this Review, the most important photochemical transformations that have been employed in natural product synthesis are presented. Selected total syntheses are discussed as examples, with particular attention given to the photochemical key step and its stereoselectivity. The structural relationship between the photochemically generated molecule and the natural product is shown, and, where necessary, the consecutive reactions in the synthesis are illustrated and classified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Bach
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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Bach T, Hehn JP. Photochemische Reaktionen als Schlüsselschritte in der Naturstoffsynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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