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Chiang SJF, Chien MK, Tsai CY, Hsiao JC, Koo FH, Yen YF, Chou YC, Cheng CC. A Simple, Fast, and Reliable Method for the Identification of Candida albicans. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2024; 18:11786302241272398. [PMID: 39290369 PMCID: PMC11406643 DOI: 10.1177/11786302241272398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Candida is one of the common pathogens in nosocomial infections. Culture is the gold standard for diagnosing candidemia. Candida albicans is identified via the germ tube test, which uses serum as the culture medium, which is costly and time-consuming. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare a relatively simple, fast, and reliable method for the detection of Candida albicans. Methods We conducted this randomized case study at Taipei City Hospital (TCH) from January 2023 to August 2023, with a total of 30 specimen culture reports collected and confirmed to be cases of Candida albicans infection. A germ tube test was performed in a 37°C water bath using serum, plasma, and safe plasma products (Fresh Frozen Plasma, FFP). Further, the same procedures were repeated with the addition of 22% bovine serum albumin (BSA) to the identification/culture. Results By adding BSA, more than 50% of the budding phenomenon was observed in 40 minutes, which shortened the diagnosis time compared with the traditional method (2-3 hours). Using BSA can shorten the identification time for early clinical medication and improve the quality of medical care. Conclusion Using safer plasma products for germ tube test of candidiasis not only reduced the risk of infection for medical technicians but could also replace the serum used in traditional methods to increase convenience and save time. This study proposed BSA as a germ tube induction medium enhancer, which reduced the culture time, thereby enabling quicker diagnosis of C. albicans infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jane Fan Chiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Kuei Chien
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chang Hsiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hlan Koo
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Yen
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chang Chou
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynaecology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
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Bigot J, Kalboussi Y, Bonkoto Nkoy Y, Benmostefa A, Vellaissamy S, Benzerara L, Sainte-Rose V, Blanchet D, Demar M, Guitard J, Hennequin C. Molecular epidemiology of Candida africana isolates collected from vagina swabs in French Guiana. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae016. [PMID: 38389256 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous molecular studies have shown that Candida africana corresponds to the clade 13 of Candia albicans. It has been mostly involved in vulvovaginal candidiasis worldwide but few data exist in South America. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of C. africana in women living in French Guiana. For this, we first set up a fluorescent-intercalating-dye-real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting the hyphal wall protein 1 gene. The test was applied to 212 C. albicans isolates collected from May to August 2019 from vaginal swabs, allowing the identification of six women harboring C. africana (eight isolates). The in vitro susceptibility of these eight isolates to six antifungal drugs was also evaluated. No demographics or clinical-specific features could be demonstrated. Genetic diversity of those isolates was analyzed through multilocus sequence typing and showed that diploid sequence type 182 was predominant (n = 6) and allowed the report of a new diploid sequence type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Bigot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Yasmine Kalboussi
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | | | - Alexis Benmostefa
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Microbiology Department, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Vellaissamy
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Benzerara
- Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Sainte-Rose
- DFR Santé, Université de Guyane, Laboratoire, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Denis Blanchet
- DFR Santé, Université de Guyane, Laboratoire, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- DFR Santé, Université de Guyane, Laboratoire, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Juliette Guitard
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Hennequin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, F-75012 Paris, France
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Morales-López S, Ustate K, Pedrozo Z, Torres Y. Biochemical typing and evaluation of pathogenicity in vulvovaginal isolates of Candida albicans complex. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2023; 43:194-205. [PMID: 37721915 PMCID: PMC10588967 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, and C. africana form the Candida albicans complex. Objective To identify the phenotypic and pathogenic characteristics of isolates of the C. albicans complex preserved in a collection. Materials and methods Three hundred presumptive strains of the C. albicans complex were evaluated using CHROMagarTM Candida. Germ tube production was determined by three methods, chlamydospores formation was assessed and colonies were characterized in artisanal agars (Rosmarinus officinalis and Nicotiana tabacum). MALDI-TOF was used as the gold standard identification test. To detect pathogenicity factors, we evaluated the hemolytic activity of each isolate and cocultured with Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase enzyme production, and biofilm formation. Results Out of the 300 isolates, 43.7% produced germ tube in the heart-brain infusion broth and 47% of the isolates produced chlamydospores. In the artisan media, 6% of the isolates produced brown colonies on rosemary agar and 5% did so on tobacco agar. None of the strains hemolyzed the blood agar alone or cocultured with S. aureus. However, 50% of the isolates hemolyzed the potato dextrose agar supplemented with blood. All strains were coagulase producers, and biofilm production was variable. For germ tube production, the human serum method showed the same positivity as the milk broth method. All isolates were identified as C. albicans by MALDI-TOF. Conclusions The use of proteomics, molecular tests or a combination of methods is required for species identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Morales-López
- Grupo CINBIOS, Programa de Microbiología, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar, Colombia; Laboratorios Nancy Flórez García S.A.S., Valledupar, Colombia.
| | - Keiner Ustate
- Grupo CINBIOS, Programa de Microbiología, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar, Colombia.
| | - Zulay Pedrozo
- Grupo CINBIOS, Programa de Microbiología, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar, Colombia.
| | - Yulibeth Torres
- Grupo CINBIOS, Programa de Microbiología, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Valledupar, Colombia.
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Klesiewicz K, Mrowiec P, Kania K, Skiba-Kurek I, Białecka J, Namysł M, Małek M. Prevalence of Closely Related Candida albicans Species among Patients with Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Southern Poland Based on the hwp1 Gene Amplification. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:69-77. [PMID: 36929889 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans remains the most common species isolated from women with vulvovaginal candidiasis. However, closely related species such as Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis may also occur, although they are often misidentified. The aim of the study was to confirm the phenotypic identification of C. albicans and its closely related species isolated from women with genital tract infections by amplification of the hwp1 (hyphal wall protein 1) gene in a PCR assay. We report a detailed molecular identification of C. albicans and its closely related species among 326 patients in the Małopolska region, Poland. Initial phenotypic identifications were confirmed by amplification of the hwp1 gene. Based on molecular analysis, we revealed 307 strains (94.17%) as C. albicans and 17 as C. dubliniensis (5.22%). No strain of C. africana was detected. Two patients h ad co-infection with C. albicans and C. dubliniensis (0.61%). A PCR assay targeting the hwp1 gene was reliable for correctly identifying species among the C. albicans complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Klesiewicz
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Paulina Mrowiec
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kania
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Iwona Skiba-Kurek
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Białecka
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
- 2Centre of Microbiological Research and Autovaccines, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Marianna Małek
- 1Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Farooq H, Monowar T, Latt SS, Chinni SV, Zainol NH, Sabesan GS. A Review of Studies on Candida Species in Peninsular Malaysia. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:98. [PMID: 36660752 PMCID: PMC9843594 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the epidemiology and the antifungal susceptibility of Candida species infections in Malaysia is still limited. The study aimed to review and compare studies reporting the prevalence of Candida species and antifungal susceptibility of Candida infections in Peninsular Malaysia. Data from 22 studies published between 2009 and 2018. Data was collected using National Center for Biotechnology Information and Google Scholar using the keywords "Candida and Malaysia." Around 19 Candida species were identified in a total of 35,608 Candida isolates analyzed in these studies. In most studies examined, C. albicans (66.3%) was the predominant species, followed by C. glabrata (11.7%), C. parapsilosis (10.7%), C. tropicalis (9.5%), and C. krusei (1.19%). Vaginal swabs yielded the most isolates, followed by the respiratory system, urine, blood, oral, pus, and other locations. The demographic, racial, and gender data were recorded only in two studies. Totally, eight studies examined 396 isolates for antifungal susceptibility to common antifungal medications. The average antifungal susceptibility of isolates and efficacy of drugs in these studies ranged between 45 and 99% for most common antifungal drugs. Caspofungin had the highest susceptibility at 99%, whereas itraconazole had the lowest at only 45%. Overall, this review provided a comprehensive summary of all the current research on predominant Candida species in Peninsular Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humaira Farooq
- Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Malaysia,Address for correspondence: Miss. Humaira Farooq, AIMST University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Batu 3 1/2, Bukit Air Nasi, Jalan Bedong—Semeling, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia. E-mail:
| | | | - Swe Swe Latt
- Faculty of Medicine, RCSI and UCD Malaysia Campus, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Suresh V. Chinni
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing MAHASA University, Selangor, Malaysia
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Salehipour K, Aboutalebian S, Charsizadeh A, Ahmadi B, Mirhendi H. Differentiation of Candida albicans complex species isolated from invasive and non-invasive infections using HWP1 gene size polymorphism. Curr Med Mycol 2022; 7:34-38. [PMID: 35028483 PMCID: PMC8740857 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.7.2.7034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Taxonomy of Candida is controversial and has changed due to the investigation of the novel species. Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis are new members of the C. albicans complex that are currently gaining both clinical and epidemiologic significance. This study aimed to report the prevalence of C. africana among the strains isolated from patients using hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1) gene size polymorphism. Materials and Methods In total, 235 yeasts confirmed as C. albicans complex based on chromogenic media and internal transcribed spacers sequencing isolated from various clinical forms of invasive and non-invasive candidiasis mainly candidemia were re-identified using HWP1 gene polymorphisms. The HWP1-polymerase chain reaction amplicons were re-confirmed by sequencing and BLAST analysis. Results Based on the HWP1 gene size polymorphism, 223 strains were identified as C. albicans (94.89%) from which 7 isolates produced two DNA fragments (850 and 941 bp). The C. dubliniensis (n=4, 1.7%), C. africana (n=1, 0.42%), and mix of C. albicans and C. africana (n=7, 2.97%) were also identified. Conclusion It can be said that C. albicans remains the most common Candida species, while C. dubliniensis and C. africana are rarely found among the patient isolates. Due to limited information on the molecular epidemiology of this novel yeast, more studies using molecular methods are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Salehipour
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Aboutalebian
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Charsizadeh
- Immunology, Asthma, and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Core Facilities Research Laboratory, Mycology Reference Laboratory, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Shokoohi G, Javidnia J, Mirhendi H, Rasekh-Jahromi A, Rezaei-Matehkolaei A, Ansari S, Maryami F, Goodarzi S, Romeo O. Molecular identification and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida dubliniensis and Candida africana isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis: A single-centre experience in Iran. Mycoses 2021; 64:771-779. [PMID: 33811780 PMCID: PMC8251901 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common and debilitating long‐term illness affecting million women worldwide. This disease is caused mainly by Candida albicans and a lesser extent by other species, including the two phylogenetically closely related pathogens Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis. Objectives In this study, we report detailed molecular epidemiological data about the occurrence of these two pathogenic yeasts in Iranian patients affected by VVC, or its chronic recurrent form (RVVC), and provide, for the first time, data on the antifungal activity of two new drugs, efinaconazole (EFN) and luliconazole (LUL). Methods A total of 133 vaginal yeast isolates, presumptively identified as Calbicans by phenotypic and restriction analysis of rDNA, were further analysed by using a specific molecular method targeting the HWP1 gene. All Cafricana and Cdubliniensis isolates were also tested for their in vitro susceptibility to a panel of modern and classical antifungal drugs. Results and Conclusions Based on the molecular results, among 133 germ‐tube positive isolates, we identify 119 Calbicans (89.47%), 11 Cafricana (8.27%) and 3 Cdubliniensis (2.26%) isolates. Cafricana and Cdubliniensis showed low MIC values for most of the antifungal drugs tested, especially for EFN and LUL, which exhibited a remarkable antifungal activity. High MIC values were observed only for nystatin and terbinafine. Although Calbicans remains the most common Candida species recovered from Iranian VVC/RVVC patients, our data show that its prevalence may be slightly overestimated due to the presence of difficult‐to‐identify closely related yeast, especially Cafricana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Shokoohi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Javad Javidnia
- Student Research Committee Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Athar Rasekh-Jahromi
- Department of Obstetrician and Gynecology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaei-Matehkolaei
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saham Ansari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faeze Maryami
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Sahand Goodarzi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Zoonosis Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Orazio Romeo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Distribution, antifungal susceptibility pattern and intra-Candida albicans species complex prevalence of Candida africana: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237046. [PMID: 32817677 PMCID: PMC7440629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida africana is a pathogenic species within the Candida albicans species complex. Due to the limited knowledge concerning its prevalence and antifungal susceptibility profiles, a comprehensive study is overdue. Accordingly, we performed a search of the electronic databases for literature published in the English language between 1 January 2001 and 21 March 2020. Citations were screened, relevant articles were identified, and data were extracted to determine overall intra-C. albicans complex prevalence, geographical distribution, and antifungal susceptibility profiles for C. africana. From a total of 366 articles, 41 were eligible for inclusion in this study. Our results showed that C. africana has a worldwide distribution. The pooled intra-C. albicans complex prevalence of C. africana was 1.67% (95% CI 0.98–2.49). Prevalence data were available for 11 countries from 4 continents. Iran (3.02%, 95%CI 1.51–4.92) and Honduras (3.03%, 95% CI 0.83–10.39) had the highest values and Malaysia (0%) had the lowest prevalence. Vaginal specimens were the most common source of C. africana (92.81%; 155 out of 167 isolates with available data). However, this species has also been isolated from cases of balanitis, from patients with oral lesions, and from respiratory, urine, and cutaneous samples. Data concerning the susceptibility of C. africana to 16 antifungal drugs were available in the literature. Generally, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of antifungal drugs against this species were low. In conclusion, C. africana demonstrates geographical variation in prevalence and high susceptibility to antifungal drugs. However, due to the relative scarcity of existing data concerning this species, further studies will be required to establish more firm conclusions.
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Małek M, Paluchowska P, Bogusz B, Budak A. Molecular characterization of Candida isolates from intensive care unit patients, Krakow, Poland. Rev Iberoam Micol 2016; 34:10-16. [PMID: 27864011 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last decades, Candida species have emerged as important pathogens in immunocompromised patients. Nosocomial infections are mainly of endogenous origin. Nevertheless, some cases of exogenous candidiasis have also been reported. AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic relatedness between Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Candida kefyr isolates recovered from intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS A total of 132 Candida clinical isolates (62 C. albicans, 40 C. glabrata, 13 C. tropicalis, 11 C. krusei, 6 C. kefyr), obtained from specimens of endotracheal aspirate, urine and blood taken from patients of a tertiary hospital in Poland, were included in the study. Species identification was performed by PCR method and genetic relatedness was assessed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA assay (RAPD) with five primers. RESULTS The RAPD analysis revealed high genetic diversity among the studied Candida isolates, indicating that most of the strains were from endogenous sources. Only two clonal strains of C. glabrata isolated from different patients were observed, suggesting a possible cross-transmission of these pathogens. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the high discriminatory power of the RAPD assay. This genotyping method can be applied to local epidemiological studies of Candida species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Małek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Paluchowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Bożena Bogusz
- Microbiological Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Hospital in Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Budak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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Molecular Characterization of Candida africana in Genital Specimens in Shanghai, China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:185387. [PMID: 26665002 PMCID: PMC4668292 DOI: 10.1155/2015/185387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Candida africana, an emerging yeast pathogen, is closely related to Candida albicans and most commonly involved in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). However, its prevalence in candidal balanoposthitis is still unclear. In this study, the prevalence of C. africana in both candidal balanoposthitis and VVC in a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in Shanghai, China, was analyzed, and the molecular characterization and susceptible profiles of C. africana isolates were investigated. As results, C. africana was only isolated in 5 out of 79 (6.3%) cases of candidal balanoposthitis rather than cases with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Among them, 4 out of 5 isolates share the same genotype of DST 782 with an isolate from vaginal swab in Japan published previously. All C. africana isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin, and micafungin.
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11
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Molecular Characterization of Highly Susceptible Candida africana from Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Mycopathologia 2015; 180:317-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Criseo G, Scordino F, Romeo O. Current methods for identifying clinically important cryptic Candida species. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 111:50-6. [PMID: 25659326 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the taxonomy of the most important pathogenic Candida species (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Candida glabrata) has undergone profound changes due to the description of new closely-related species. This has resulted in the establishment of cryptic species complexes difficult to recognize in clinical diagnostic laboratories. The identification of these novel Candida species seems to be clinically relevant because it is likely that they differ in virulence and drug resistance. Nevertheless, current phenotypic methods are not suitable to accurately distinguish all the species belonging to a specific cryptic complex and therefore their recognition still requires molecular methods. Since traditional mycological techniques have not been useful, a number of molecular based methods have recently been developed. These range from simple PCR-based methods to more sophisticated real-time PCR and/or MALDI-TOF methods. In this article, we review the current methods designed for discriminating among closely related Candida species by highlighting, in particular, the limits of the existing phenotypic tests and the development of rapid and specific molecular tools for their proper identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Criseo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Scordino
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Orazio Romeo
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Ngouana TK, Krasteva D, Drakulovski P, Toghueo RK, Kouanfack C, Ambe A, Reynes J, Delaporte E, Boyom FF, Mallié M, Bertout S. Investigation of minor species Candida africana, Candida stellatoidea and Candida dubliniensis in the Candida albicans complex among Yaoundé (Cameroon) HIV-infected patients. Mycoses 2014; 58:33-9. [PMID: 25289589 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Minor species of the Candida albicans complex may cause overestimation of the epidemiology of C. albicans, and misidentifications could mask their implication in human pathology. Authors determined the occurrence of minor species of the C. albicans complex (C. africana, C. dubliniensis and C. stellatoidea) among Yaoundé HIV-infected patients, Cameroon. Stool, vaginal discharge, urine and oropharyngeal samples were analysed by mycological diagnosis. Isolates were identified by conventional methods and mass spectrometry (MS; carried out by the matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight MS protocol). Candida albicans isolates were thereafter submitted to the PCR amplification of the Hwp1 gene. The susceptibility of isolates to antifungal drugs was tested using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A3 protocol. From 115 C. albicans obtained isolates, neither C. dubliniensis nor C. stellatoidea was observed; two strains of C. africana (422PV and 448PV) were identified by PCR electrophoretic profiles at 700 bp. These two C. africana strains were vaginal isolates. The isolate 448PV was resistant to ketoconazole at the minimal inhibitory concentration of 2 μg ml(-1), and showed reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B at 1 μg ml(-1). This first report on C. africana occurrence in Cameroon brings clues for the understanding of the global epidemiology of this yeast as well as that of minor species of the C. albicans complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry K Ngouana
- Clinical Biology Laboratory, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale UFR Pharmacie, UMI 233 UM1-IRD-UCAD-UY1 «TransVIHMI», Université de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France; Antimicrobial Agents Unit (AMAU), Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Sharma C, Muralidhar S, Xu J, Meis JF, Chowdhary A. Multilocus sequence typing ofCandida africanafrom patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis in New Delhi, India. Mycoses 2014; 57:544-52. [DOI: 10.1111/myc.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheshta Sharma
- Department of Medical Mycology; Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute; University of Delhi; Delhi India
| | - Sumathi Muralidhar
- Regional STD Teaching, Training & Research Center; Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjang Hospital; New Delhi India
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Jacques F. Meis
- Department of Medical Microbiology; Radboud University Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Anuradha Chowdhary
- Department of Medical Mycology; Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute; University of Delhi; Delhi India
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