1
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Kustov GV, Zinchuk MS, Gersamija AG, Voinova NI, Yakovlev AA, Avedisova AS, Guekht AB. [Psychometric properties of the Russian version of the brief «Reasons for Living Inventory»]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:87-94. [PMID: 34874661 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112110187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate psychometric properties of the Russian version of the brief Reasons for Living Inventory (bRFL) in patients with non-psychotic mental disorders (NPMD) and to define its association with current suicide ideation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six hundred and 15 consecutive patients with NPMD were included. The median age was 27 (19) years; 403 (65.5%) were female. Cronbach's alpha, Cronbach's alpha coefficient if an item is deleted and corrected item-total correlation were used for the internal consistency evaluation. The internal structure assessment was based on the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. To identify an association of bRFL with current suicidal ideation, MANCOVA was used. RESULTS An internal consistency of bRFL was good (Cronbach's Alpha-0.856). The exploratory factor analysis revealed a 6-factor model, explaining 80.22% of variance. These factors were: «survival and coping beliefs», «responsibility to family», «child related concerns», «fear of suicide», «fear of social disapproval» and «moral objections». The confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good agreement of the 6-factor model with an empirical data (CMIN/DF - 2.98, CFI - 0.956, SRMR - 0.05, RMSEA - 0.057, PNFI - 0.497). Regardless of gender and age, the total scores of bRFL and its subscales were significantly lower in patients with suicide ideation (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The Russian version of bRFL is a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of the adaptive beliefs and expectations that form an anti-suicidal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Kustov
- Solovyov Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center DZM, Moscow, Russia
| | - M S Zinchuk
- Solovyov Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center DZM, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Gersamija
- Solovyov Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center DZM, Moscow, Russia
| | - N I Voinova
- Solovyov Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center DZM, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Yakovlev
- Solovyov Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center DZM, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Avedisova
- Solovyov Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center DZM, Moscow, Russia.,Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Guekht
- Solovyov Scientific and Practical Psychoneurological Center DZM, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Testoni I, Piol S, De Leo D. Suicide Prevention: University Students' Narratives on Their Reasons for Living and for Dying. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8029. [PMID: 34360323 PMCID: PMC8345779 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness are increasing in our contemporary western society and seem to correlate with suicide in adolescents and young adults. Social Workers are a potential resource to create such initiatives and projects that promote inclusion and cohesion within communities, a protective factor against suicide. Sixty-two Social Work BA students participated in a Death Education course based on education on suicide prevention. Participants carried out two activities. First, they were invited to complete two written semi-structured interviews on young people's reasons for living and dying. Second, they were invited to design suicide prevention interventions targeted at their peers and adolescents. Data were analyzed qualitatively within the Thematic Analysis framework. As regards the first activity, four main themes were identified: (1) Internet and social media; (2) social isolation and loneliness; (3) the importance of proximal relationships; and, (4) the importance of networking between proximal relationships, educational institutions and mental health services. Whereas, as for suicide prevention interventions, three main ideas were identified: (1) suicide prevention through community and networking between services; (2) academic institutions: high schools and universities; and, (3) suicide prevention through new technologies. To conclude, Death Education as education on suicide prevention can offer young people a space in which to voice their and their peers' reasons for living and dying and to reflect upon their contribution to suicide prevention as students and as future professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Testoni
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Silvia Piol
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Diego De Leo
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Brisbane 4122, Australia;
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3
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Chang EC, Jiang X, Tian W, Yi S, Liu J, Liang P, Liang Y, Lai S, Shi X, Li M, Chang OD, Hirsch JK. Hope as a Process in Understanding Positive Mood and Suicide Protection. CRISIS 2021; 43:90-97. [PMID: 33474993 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: According to the broaden-and-build model of positive mood, positive emotions are believed to broaden cognition resources and build psychological resiliency, to help incur positive psychological outcomes. Aim: We examined hope as a potential mediator of the association between positive mood and suicide protection (viz., life satisfaction and reasons for living) in adults. We hypothesized that positive mood would be associated with greater suicide protection through broadening hope agency and building hope pathways. Method: A sample of 320 college students completed measures of positive emotions, hope, and suicide protection. Results: Results from bootstrapped mediation testing indicated that hope agency, but not hope pathways, partially or fully mediated the relationship between positive mood and suicide protection. Limitations: It is not clear whether these findings are generalizable to a more diverse adult population. Also, it is not possible to rule out alternative causal models involving positive emotions and suicide protection. Conclusion: These findings provide some promising preliminary evidence for how positive emotions might help build hope agency to foster greater suicide protection in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xinying Jiang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Weiyi Tian
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Shangwen Yi
- Sauder School of Business, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jiting Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Pengwei Liang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Yongyi Liang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Siyu Lai
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Shi
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, PR China
| | - Mingqi Li
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olivia D Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jameson K Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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4
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Baek IC, Jo S, Kim EJ, Lee GR, Lee DH, Jeon HJ. A Review of Suicide Risk Assessment Tools and Their Measured Psychometric Properties in Korea. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:679779. [PMID: 34239463 PMCID: PMC8258346 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.679779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While there has been a slew of review studies on suicide measurement tools until now, there were not any reviews focusing on suicide assessment tools available in Korea. This review aimed to examine the psychometric properties of tools developed in Korea or the translated versions from the original tools in their foreign language and to identify potential improvements and supplements for these tools. A literature search was done using the Korean academic information search service, Research Information Service System, to identify the suicide measures to be included in this review. Abstracts were screened to identify which measures were used to assess suicide-related factors. Based on the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 tools remained and we assessed their psychometric properties. The current review indicated several major findings. First, many of the tools did not report predictive validity and even those with predictive validity were based on past suicide attempts. Second, some of the tools overlooked the interactive component for the cause of suicide. In addition, information to supplement the self-reported and clinician-administered reports by collecting reports from the subjects' families and acquaintances is needed. It is also important to develop a screening tool that examines other aspects of an individual's personal life, including unemployment, bereavement, divorce, and childhood trauma. Moreover, tools that have been studied in more diverse groups of the population are needed to increase external validity. Finally, the linguistic translation of the tools into Korean needs to consider other cultural, social, and psychological factors of the sample of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chul Baek
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soobin Jo
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Ji Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Psychological Autopsy Center (KPAC), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ga Ryoung Lee
- Department of Education, Traumatic Stress Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Education, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Education, Traumatic Stress Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Education, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Psychological Autopsy Center (KPAC), Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Department of Medical Device Management & Research, and Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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Madeira ARSR, Janeiro LDB, Carmo CIG, Brás MSV. Reasons for Living Inventory for Young Adults: Psychometric Properties Among Portuguese Sample. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2020; 85:887-903. [PMID: 32938306 DOI: 10.1177/0030222820959940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A main protective factor against suicide in young adults is their reasons for living; therefore, suicide risk screening should consider these reasons. However, few psychometric instruments assess reasons for living, and none have been adapted for young adults in Portugal. Thus, we assess the psychometric characteristics of the Reasons for Living Inventory for Young Adults-II (RFL-YA-II) in participants (n = 936; Mage = 21.77; SD = 2.88) from Portugal. Participants answered measures concerning suicidal ideation, depression, hopelessness, and positive and negative affect. The results of an exploratory factorial analysis replicated the original 4-factor model of the RFL-YA-II, and a confirmatory factorial analysis indicated satisfactory indices. In terms of reliability and convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity, our results are consistent with previous research. Moreover, our results indicate that the RFL-YA-II is a valid and reliable instrument to study the protective factors against suicidal behavior in Portuguese young adults, and should thus be integrated into preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luís de Brito Janeiro
- Psychology and Educational Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Algarve, Algarve, Portugal.,Psychology Department, Autonomous University of Lisbon Centre for Research in Psychology, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Isabel Guerreiro Carmo
- Psychology and Educational Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Algarve, Algarve, Portugal.,Psychology Department, Autonomous University of Lisbon Centre for Research in Psychology, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Sofia Ventosa Brás
- Psychology and Educational Sciences Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Algarve, Algarve, Portugal.,Psychology Department, Autonomous University of Lisbon Centre for Research in Psychology, Lisboa, Portugal
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6
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Christensen K, Hom MA, Stanley IH, Joiner TE. Reasons for Living and Suicide Attempts Among Young Adults With Lifetime Suicide Ideation. CRISIS 2020; 42:179-185. [PMID: 32781901 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous work suggests that reasons for living (RFL) are associated with suicide ideation; however, the relationship between RFL and suicide attempts among individuals with suicide ideation remains unclear. Such an examination is necessary to delineate whether RFL are associated with suicide attempts above and beyond their association with suicide ideation. Aims: This study examined the relationship between RFL and suicide attempts among young adults with a lifetime history of suicide ideation. Method: Undergraduate students (N = 163) completed surveys assessing demographics, suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and RFL. Results: Individuals with a history of both suicide ideation and attempt reported significantly lower RFL than individuals with a history of suicide ideation but no suicide attempt. Among individual RFL-YA subscales, only Coping Beliefs was significantly associated with a suicide attempt history. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study precludes any conclusions about the potential protective effects of RFL against suicide attempts, and the college student sample limits generalizability of the findings. Conclusion: Further research is needed to understand whether RFL prospectively predict suicide attempts among individuals with suicide ideation and whether interventions that bolster RFL might reduce suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie A Hom
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ian H Stanley
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Thomas E Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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7
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Yi S, Chang EC, Chang OD, Seward NJ, McAvoy LB, Krause ER, Schaffer MR, Novak CJ, Ip K, Hirsch JK. Coping and Suicide in College Students. CRISIS 2020; 42:5-12. [PMID: 32238073 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Transitioning to college life in young adulthood can represent a challenging developmental period and college students are at heightened risk for engaging in suicidality. Aims: We aimed to investigate the roles dispositional optimism and coping strategies play in suicide risk (viz., suicidality) and suicide protection (viz., reasons for living) in college students. Method: A sample of 252 American college students were surveyed using anonymous questionnaires and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Results: Coping strategies, as a set, played an important role in both suicidality and reasons for living, after controlling for demographic factors (age and sex). When dispositional optimism was entered into the model, it was found to account for a significant amount of additional unique variance in both suicidality and reasons for living, even after accounting for coping. Limitations: It is unknown whether optimism remains meaningful in its association with suicide risk and protection beyond coping in other populations. Conclusion: Effective coping and optimism are associated with decreased suicide risk and increased suicide protection. Our findings point to the consistent role of dispositional optimism, over coping, in both suicide risk and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwen Yi
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Edward C Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olivia D Chang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noelle J Seward
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Leah B McAvoy
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Claire J Novak
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ka Ip
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jameson K Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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8
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Wadhwa S, Heisel MJ. Enhancing the Assessment of Resiliency to Suicide Ideation among Older Adults: The Development and Initial Validation of the Reasons for Living-Suicide Resiliency Scale (RFL-SR). Clin Gerontol 2020; 43:61-75. [PMID: 31635560 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2019.1675840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To derive a brief late-life suicide resiliency scale from the 69-item Reasons for Living Scale-Older Adult version (RFL-OA).Methods: We conducted a series of secondary analyses of RFL-OA data (N = 204) from a dataset combining: 1. A follow-up assessment of nursing home residents in the Geriatric Suicide Ideation Scale (GSIS) development study; 2. A trial of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) with suicidal older adults; 3. A longitudinal study of risk and resiliency to late-life suicide ideation. We specifically assessed the distributions of RFL-OA items and their associations with suicide ideation and behavior to create an RFL-Suicide Resiliency subscale (RFL-SR); we then tested the psychometric properties of this measure's items drawn from the larger RFL-OA.Results: Nine RFL-OA items were significantly associated with suicide ideation and history of suicide behavior and were not highly correlated with social desirability. Psychometric analyses supported the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity of this scale.Conclusions: The items of the RFL-SR demonstrated strong psychometric properties with older adults in clinical and community settings.Clinical Implications: The RFL-SR may make a useful addition to suicide risk assessment in gerontological research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Wadhwa
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marnin J Heisel
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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9
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Chen JI, Osman A, Freedenthal SL, Gutierrez PM. An Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Reasons for Living Inventory within a Male Veteran Clinical Sample. Arch Suicide Res 2020; 24:204-230. [PMID: 30636520 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1563576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Elevated suicide risk among veteran populations remains a significant public health concern. However, few suicide assessment measures have been validated for veterans. The current study evaluated the reliability and validity of the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL) scores among veteran populations. The participants included male veterans (N = 421) from a broad range of ages, combat exposures, and history of suicide attempts. Participants completed the RFL and a set of additional self-report measures of relevant constructs in a cross-sectional design. Estimates of internal consistency reliability were adequate for scores on all the original RFL subscale scores. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and exploratory bifactor (bi-factor EFA) analyses provided detailed information regarding the 6-factor solution from the original validation studies with the RFL. Additional analyses identified potential correlates for the RFL total and subscale scores. Secondary analyses showed support for evidence of known-groups validity for the RFL total scale score. Overall, this study provides initial support for the RFL as a reliable and valid measure of protective factors in veterans. Future studies may wish to consider further validation of the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason I Chen
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Augustine Osman
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Stacey L Freedenthal
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver Graduate School of Social Work, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Peter M Gutierrez
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center at the Denver VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Lutz J, Edelstein B, Katz E, Gallegos JV. A Shortened Version of the Reasons for Living-Older Adults Scale for Clinical and Research Utility. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2019. [PMID: 29529274 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gny009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Older adults have elevated suicide rates, and identification of protective factors, such as reasons for living, is important in preventing suicide. The Reasons for Living-Older Adults scale (RFL-OA) is a 69-item measure of these protective factors in late life, which yields good psychometric properties. However, its length limits its utility in some clinical and research contexts where a shorter measure is ideal. The objective of this study was to create a shortened version of the RFL-OA. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS First, data collected previously during validation of the original RFL-OA (n = 199, age 65 and older, 65% female) were used to select 30 items, spanning all content areas, that were highly endorsed. Second, new data were collected (n = 219, age 60 and older, 52% female) with the 30-item RFL-OA and measures of depression, hopelessness, suicidal ideation, religiosity, health, and social desirability to examine the measure's internal consistency and convergent and discriminant validity. RESULTS Scores on the 30-item RFL-OA exhibited strong internal consistency. The short RFL-OA demonstrated good convergent validity via significant, moderate correlations with suicidal ideation, hopelessness, depression, and religiosity. It demonstrated adequate discriminant validity via only small correlations with disability, subjective health, and social desirability. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The shorter RFL-OA has good psychometric properties among community-dwelling older adults. It may have greater utility, compared to the original 69-item measure, for clinicians and researchers with limited time but who want to assess protective factors against suicidal behavior in late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lutz
- Psychology Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | | | - Emma Katz
- Psychology Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown
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Erford BT, Jackson J, Bardhoshi G, Duncan K, Atalay Z. Selecting Suicide Ideation Assessment Instruments: A Meta-Analytic Review. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07481756.2017.1358062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley T. Erford
- Peabody College at Vanderbilt University, Human and Organizational Development, Nashville, TN, USA
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12
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Heisel MJ, Neufeld E, Flett GL. Reasons for living, meaning in life, and suicide ideation: investigating the roles of key positive psychological factors in reducing suicide risk in community-residing older adults. Aging Ment Health 2016; 20:195-207. [PMID: 26305088 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1078279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the roles of reasons for living (RFL) and meaning in life (MIL) in potentially promoting mental health and well-being and protecting against suicide ideation among community-residing older adults and to investigate the psychometric properties of the Reasons for Living Scale-Older Adult version (RFL-OA). METHOD Of 173 older adults initially recruited into a longitudinal study on late-life suicide ideation, 109 completed the RFL-OA and measures of cognitive and physical functioning and positive and negative psychological factors at a two-year follow-up assessment. We tested a model in which RFL and MIL protect against suicide ideation, controlling for demographic and clinical factors. We also assessed the psychometric properties of the RFL-OA in community-residing older adults, investigating its internal consistency and its convergent (MIL, perceived social support, and life satisfaction), divergent (loneliness, depressive symptom severity, and suicide ideation), and discriminant validity (cognitive and physical functioning). RESULTS RFL-OA scores explained significant variance in suicide ideation, controlling for age, sex, depressive symptom severity, and loneliness. MIL explained significant unique variance in suicide ideation, controlling for these factors and RFL, and MIL significantly mediated the association between RFL and suicide ideation. Psychometric analyses indicated strong internal consistency (α = .94), convergent, divergent, and discriminant validity for the RFL-OA relative to positive and negative psychological factors and cognitive and physical functioning. CONCLUSION These findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting merit in investigating positive psychological factors together with negative factors when assessing suicide risk and planning psychological services for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnin J Heisel
- a Departments of Psychiatry and of Epidemiology & Biostatistics , Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London , Canada.,b Lawson Health Research Institute , London , Canada.,c Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide , University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Eva Neufeld
- d Centre for Rural and Northern Health Research , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
| | - Gordon L Flett
- e Department of Psychology , York University , Toronto , Canada
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13
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O'Shea LE, Dickens GL. Performance of Protective Factors Assessment in Risk Prediction for Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. O'Shea
- St Andrew's Academic Department
- Institute of Psychiatry; King's College London
| | - Geoffrey L. Dickens
- St Andrew's Academic Department
- School of Social and Health Sciences; Abertay University
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14
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Bakhiyi CL, Calati R, Guillaume S, Courtet P. Do reasons for living protect against suicidal thoughts and behaviors? A systematic review of the literature. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 77:92-108. [PMID: 27014850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated protective factors against suicide. OBJECTIVES To identify whether reasons for living (RFL), measured with the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFLI), protect against suicidal ideation (SI), attempts (SA) and suicide death. METHOD This systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) statement guidelines. PubMed database was searched for studies published until October 2015. Studies were eligible if they used RFLI or one of its versions. All eligible studies were included, regardless of study design, quality indicators, and target populations. No publication year limit was imposed. We included 39 studies. RESULTS RFL may protect against SI and SA and yield a predictive value. The role of two specific reasons for living (Moral Objections to Suicide and Survival and Coping Beliefs) was particularly emphasized. No study investigating suicide death was found. CONCLUSION RFL may moderate suicide risk factors and correlate with resilience factors. Moreover, RFL may depend on and interact with numerous factors such as DSM-IV Axis I disorders, personality disorders and features, coping abilities and social support. Clinicians could develop therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing RFL, like Dialectical Behavior Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies, to prevent suicidal thoughts and behaviors and improve the care management of suicidal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camélia Laglaoui Bakhiyi
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Psychiatric Unit, CHU Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco; INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1, Montpellier, France.
| | - Raffaella Calati
- INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1, Montpellier, France; FondaMental Foundation, France
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1, Montpellier, France; FondaMental Foundation, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, University of Montpellier UM1, Montpellier, France; FondaMental Foundation, France
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Sinniah A, Oei TPS, Chinna K, Shah SA, Maniam T, Subramaniam P. Psychometric Properties and Validation of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) Inventory in an Outpatient Clinical Population in Malaysia. Front Psychol 2016; 6:1934. [PMID: 26733920 PMCID: PMC4685108 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The PANSI is a measure designed to assess the risk and protective factors related to suicidal behaviors. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) Inventory in a sample of clinical outpatients at a major hospital in Malaysia. In this study, 283 psychiatric patients and 200 medical (non-psychiatric) patients participated. All the patients completed the PANSI and seven other self-report instruments. Confirmative factor analysis supported the 2-factor oblique model. The internal consistency of the two subscales of PANSI-Negative and the PANSI-Positive were 0.93 and 0.84, respectively. In testing construct validity, PANSI showed sizable correlation with the other seven scales. Criterion validity was supported by scores on PANSI which differentiated psychiatric patients from medical patients. Logistic regression analyses showed PANSI can be used to classify the patients into suicidal or non-suicidal. The PANSI is a reliable and valid instrument to measure the severity of suicidal ideation among clinical outpatients in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishvarya Sinniah
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical CentreKuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Psychology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tian P S Oei
- School of Psychology, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Psychology, James Cook University SingaporeSingapore, Singapore; Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Nanjing UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Julius Centre University of Malaya, University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul A Shah
- Department of Community Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T Maniam
- Department of Psychiatry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rieger SJ, Peter T, Roberts LW. 'Give Me a Reason to Live!' Examining Reasons for Living Across Levels of Suicidality. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2015; 54:2005-2019. [PMID: 24912828 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-014-9893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Scholarly research focusing on social psychological factors (e.g. mental health) and social environmental factors (e.g. childhood trauma) has found these measures to be correlated with suicidality. However, such literature has tended to overlook what may impact one's reasons for living. Using a sample of over 1,200 students from a Canadian university, the goal of the current study is to empirically test, by employing multivariate nested regression models (by levels of suicidal behaviour), known and relative unknown correlates with reasons for living, with a particular focus on strength of religious faith, which is a well-known predictor for suicidality, but less studied as a reason for living. Results show that, among students with serious suicidal ideation and/or a previous suicide attempt, the strongest predictor for student's reasons for living was strength of religious faith. Strength of religious faith has seldom been acknowledged or identified as an important measure in assessing one's reasons to live. These findings have implications for the role of religiosity among suicidality research, especially studies that focus on reasons for living.
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Testoni I, Ancona D, Ronconi L. The Ontological Representation of Death: A Scale to Measure the Idea of Annihilation Versus Passage. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2015; 71:60-81. [PMID: 26152027 DOI: 10.1177/0030222814568289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Since the borders between natural life and death have been blurred by technique, in Western societies discussions and practices regarding death have became infinite. The studies in this area include all the most important topics of psychology, sociology, and philosophy. From a psychological point of view, the research has created many instruments for measuring death anxiety, fear, threat, depression, meaning of life, and among them, the profiles on death attitude are innumerable. This research presents the validation of a new attitude scale, which conjoins psychological dimensions and philosophical ones. This scale may be useful because the ontological idea of death has not yet been considered in research. The hypothesis is that it is different to believe that death is absolute annihilation than to be sure that it is a passage or a transformation of one's personal identity. The hypothetical difference results in a greater inner suffering caused by the former idea. In order to measure this possibility, we analyzed the correlation between Testoni Death Representation Scale and Beck Hopelessness Scale, Suicide Resilience Inventory-25, and Reasons for Living Inventory. The results confirm the hypothesis, showing that the representation of death as total annihilation is positively correlated to hopelessness and negatively correlated to resilience.
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Owens RL, Magyar-Moe JL, Lopez SJ. Finding Balance via Positive Psychological Assessment and Conceptualization. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0011000015584956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an integrated review of positive psychological assessment and conceptualization methods and tools currently available to practitioners within the framework of a new assessment model—the Comprehensive Model of Positive Psychological Assessment. Cultural considerations stemming from the Culturally Appropriate Assessment Model were incorporated into the Practice Model of Positive Psychological Assessment to provide a comprehensive positive psychological assessment model. Furthermore, practice recommendations grounded in the positive psychological literature are provided to enhance the implementation of this model at various assessment stages. In addition, specific tools are provided to fill the gaps within the literature and guide clinicians in the formulation of a balanced assessment and conceptualization, including the Comprehensive Model of Positive Psychological Assessment Intake–Adult and Child/Adolescent Forms, the Comprehensive Model of Positive Psychological Assessment Semistructured Clinical Interview, the Comprehensive Model of Positive Psychological Assessment Report Template, and a new diagnostic approach—the Balanced Diagnostic Impressions (DICE-PM) Model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhea L. Owens
- University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point, Stevens Point, WI, USA
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Salami TK, Brooks BA, Lamis DA. Impulsivity and reasons for living among African American youth: a risk-protection framework of suicidal ideation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:5196-214. [PMID: 25988310 PMCID: PMC4454962 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120505196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the impact of specific facets of impulsivity as measured by the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS), as well as reasons for living in predicting suicidal ideation among African American college-aged students. The incremental validity of each facet of the UPPS interacting with reasons for living, a construct meant to buffer against risk for suicide, was explored in a sample of African American students (N = 130; ages 18-24). Results revealed significant interactions between reasons for living and two factors of impulsivity, (lack of) premeditation and sensation seeking. Higher levels of sensation seeking and lack of premeditation in conjunction with lower reasons for living was associated with increased suicidal ideation. Neither urgency nor (lack of) perseverance significantly interacted with reasons for living in association with suicidal ideation. These results suggest including elements of impulsivity, specifically sensation seeking and (lack of) premeditation, when screening for suicidal ideation among African American youth. Future investigations should continue to integrate factors of both risk and protection when determining risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temilola K Salami
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Georgia, 125 Baldwin St., Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Bianca A Brooks
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Georgia State University, 140 Decatur St., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Dorian A Lamis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, 80 Jesse Hill Jr. Drive, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Lee HJ, Shin MS, Ko HJ, Kwak YS. A Study of the Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Reasons for Living Inventory for Adolescents. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2014. [DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.2014.25.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Newton-John TRO. Negotiating the Maze: Risk Factors for Suicidal Behavior in Chronic Pain Patients. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2014; 18:447. [DOI: 10.1007/s11916-014-0447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Osman A, Lamis DA, Freedenthal S, Gutierrez PM, McNaughton-Cassill M. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support: analyses of internal reliability, measurement invariance, and correlates across gender. J Pers Assess 2013; 96:103-12. [PMID: 24090236 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2013.838170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined estimates of internal consistency reliability, measurement invariance, and differential correlates of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS; Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988) in samples of undergraduate men (n = 270) and women (n = 340). The MSPSS is designed to assess 3 sources of perceived social support: family, friends, and significant others. The participants ranged in age from 18 to 24 years (M(age) = 19.60, SD = 1.4 years). First, composite scale reliability and coefficient omega methods provided adequate estimates of internal consistency reliability for the original MSPSS total and subscale scores. Second, results of multiple-groups invariance confirmatory factor analysis provided support for configural and metric invariance. Partial measurement invariance was attained for scalar and strict measurement invariance across men and women. Additionally, given the high correlations among the first-order factors, we conducted multiple-groups bifactor item response theory (bifactor-IRT) analysis to evaluate further the performances of the individual MSPSS items across gender. Support for the bifactor model was strong. Third, we conducted a series of simultaneous regression analyses to identify potential correlates of the social support construct for women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Osman
- a Department of Psychology , The University of Texas at San Antonio
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Bagge CL, Lamis DA, Nadorff M, Osman A. Relations between hopelessness, depressive symptoms and suicidality: mediation by reasons for living. J Clin Psychol 2013; 70:18-31. [PMID: 23798005 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined whether reasons for living (RFL) would partially account for the associations between traditional risk factors (depressive symptoms, hopelessness) and suicidal ideation and attempts. METHOD Data were collected from 1,075 undergraduate college students who completed a battery of online assessments. RESULTS Results from a series of simultaneous mediational models indicated that the relations between risk factors and current suicidal ideation were partially mediated by total RFL (and Coping Beliefs and Self-Evaluation subscales). Further, total RFL (and the Coping Beliefs subscale) fully mediated the relation between hopelessness and past-year suicide attempt, and partially mediated the depressive symptoms-suicide attempt relation. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the importance of assessing for the presence of these suicide risk and protective factors. Implications for the improved identification and treatment of young adults at risk for suicide are discussed.
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Wang MC, Lightsey OR, Tran KK, Bonaparte TS. Examining suicide protective factors among black college students. DEATH STUDIES 2013; 37:228-47. [PMID: 24524434 PMCID: PMC3929232 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2011.623215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to contribute to the nascent literature on resilience and suicidality among Black Americans by examining factors that may predict less suicidal behavior among this population. The authors hypothesized that reasons for living, life satisfaction, and religious awareness would account for unique variance in suicidal thoughts and behavior among Black Americans, above the variance accounted for by depressive symptoms. They also hypothesized that reasons for living and religious awareness would be stronger inverse predictors among Black women than Black men. Results indicated that both depression and life satisfaction were stronger predictors of suicidal behavior among Black men. Among women, only reasons for living was a significant inverse predictor of suicidal thoughts and behavior. More frequent reasons for living moderated the relationship between depression and suicidal thoughts and behavior among Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chuan Wang
- Department of Psychology, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301, USA.
| | - Owen Richard Lightsey
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Research, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kimberly K Tran
- Department of Psychology, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301, USA
| | - Taria S Bonaparte
- Department of Psychology, Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301, USA
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25
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Lamis DA, Lester D. Risk and Protective Factors for Reasons for Living in College Men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3149/jmh.1103.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lamis DA, Lester D. Gender Differences in Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Ideation Among College Students. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2013.739035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang MC, Joel Wong Y, Tran KK, Nyutu PN, Spears A. Reasons for living, social support, and Afrocentric worldview: assessing buffering factors related to Black Americans' suicidal behavior. Arch Suicide Res 2013; 17:136-47. [PMID: 23614486 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2013.776454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study utilized an ecological framework to explore the role of 4 culturally relevant protective factors-reasons for living, Afrocentric worldview, family support, and friend support-in protecting Black American college students from suicidal behavior. Participants were 289 Black American college students. We hypothesized that these 4 culturally relevant factors would exert indirect protective effects on suicidal behavior through their association with reduced depressive symptoms. Results indicated that reasons for living, perceived supportive behaviors from family, and Afrocentric worldview exerted indirect protective effects on suicidal behaviors through their negative associations with depressive symptoms. The mediation effect from friend support to depression and suicidal behavior was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chuan Wang
- Fayetteville State University, Fayetteville, North Carolina 28301-4252, USA
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Wang MC, Nyutu PN, Tran KK. Coping, Reasons for Living, and Suicide in Black College Students. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2012.00057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Edelstein BA, Heisel MJ, McKee DR, Martin RR, Koven LP, Duberstein PR, Britton PC. Development and psychometric evaluation of the reasons for living--older adults scale: a suicide risk assessment inventory. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2009; 49:736-45. [PMID: 19546114 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnp052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purposes of these studies were to develop and initially evaluate the psychometric properties of the Reasons for Living Scale-Older Adult version (RFL-OA), an older adults version of a measure designed to assess reasons for living among individuals at risk for suicide. DESIGN AND METHODS Two studies are reported. Study 1 involved instrument development with 106 community-dwelling older adults, and initial psychometric evaluation with a second sample of 119 community-dwelling older adults. Study 2 evaluated the psychometric properties of the RFL-OA in a clinical sample. One hundred eighty-one mental health patients 50 years or older completed the RFL-OA and measures of depression, suicide ideation at the current time and at the worst point in one's life, and current mental status and physical functioning. RESULTS Strong psychometric properties were demonstrated for the RFL-OA, with high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient). Convergent validity was evidenced by negative associations among RFL-OA scores and measures of depression and suicide ideation. RFL-OA scores predicted current and worst-episode suicide ideation above and beyond current depression. Discriminant validity was evidenced with measures of current mental status and physical functioning. Criterion-related validity was also demonstrated with respect to lifetime history of suicidal behavior. IMPLICATIONS These findings provide preliminary support for the validity and reliability of the RFL-OA. The findings also support the potential value of attending to reasons for living during clinical treatment with depressed older adults and others at risk for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A Edelstein
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6040, USA.
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Wang MC, Richard Lightsey O, Pietruszka T, Uruk AC, Wells AG. Purpose in life and reasons for living as mediators of the relationship between stress, coping, and suicidal behavior. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760701228920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chioqueta AP, Stiles TC. The Relationship Between Psychological Buffers, Hopelessness, and Suicidal Ideation. CRISIS 2007; 28:67-73. [PMID: 17722687 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910.28.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. In this study we examined the role of psychological buffers (life satisfaction, self-esteem, perception of family cohesion, and perception of social support) in the development of hopelessness and suicidal ideation. The participants were 314 university students, 71 males and 243 females, who were asked to complete a battery of instruments measuring the psychological buffers mentioned above. The results of a set of hierarchical multiple regression analyses suggested that life satisfaction and self-esteem are independent predictors of lower levels of hopelessness, while perception of social support seems to be the major predictor of lower levels of suicidal ideation independent of depression and hopelessness severity. Thus, hopelessness seems to be minimized by the level of life satisfaction and level of self-esteem exhibited by the individuals, while the key factor to the mitigation of suicidal ideas seems to be perception of social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Chioqueta
- Ryfylke Regional Psychiatric Center, Stavanger University Hospital, Jørpeland, Norway.
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Pompili M, Girardi P, Innamorati M, Tatarelli G, Ruberto A, Ferrari V, Tatarelli R. Body uneasiness and suicide risk in a non-clinical sample of university students. Arch Suicide Res 2007; 11:193-202. [PMID: 17453697 DOI: 10.1080/13811110600896392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Attitudes and feelings towards the body may be a source of pleasure and well-being; on the other hand, bodily dissatisfaction may lead to suffering, depression and even suicide. The study population consisted of 500 university students (190 males, 310 females); mean age of participants was 21.62 (SD = 2.70). Participants were assessed by means of the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), the Reason for Living Inventory (RFL), and the Zung Self Depression Scale (SDS). Data underline a linear relationship between uneasiness linked to body image and possible suicide risk. Such evidence suggests that body uneasiness can be a source of psychological pain and in serious cases expose the individuals to an increased suicide risk. Yet, depression was the strongest correlate of increased suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Psychiatry, Sant'Andrea Hospital, University of Rome La Sapienza, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02478, USA.
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Muehlenkamp JJ, Gutierrez PM, Osman A, Barrios FX. Validation of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) Inventory in a diverse sample of young adults. J Clin Psychol 2005; 61:431-45. [PMID: 15503303 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The psychometric properties and factor structure of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) Inventory are reported. Data from 220 Caucasian, 127 African American, 42 Latino/Hispanic, and 39 Asian American college students were collected and analyzed. Results indicate that the two-factor structure and internal consistency of the PANSI were upheld within the minority group sample; however, differences in responses to the PANSI subscales across racial/ethnic groups were observed. Correlational analyses support the convergent validity of the PANSI, although some group differences were noted. The identified group differences are discussed in terms of the utility of the PANSI and a potential need for separate racial/ethnic norms when assessing suicidal ideation and behaviors in diverse individuals.
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Osman A, Gutierrez PM, Jiandani J, Kopper BA, Barrios FX, Linden SC, Truelove RS. A preliminary validation of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) inventory with normal adolescent samples. J Clin Psychol 2003; 59:493-512. [PMID: 12652640 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.10154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI; Osman, Gutierrez, Kopper, Barrios, & Chiros, 1998) inventory in a sample of high-school youths. The PANSI is designed as a measure of risk and protective factors related to suicidal behavior. Participants (114 boys and 103 girls) completed the PANSI and other self-report instruments. Results of the confirmatory factor analyses supported adequate fit of the 2-factor oblique model to the sample data. Both factor scales attained adequate levels of reliability. Boys and girls did not differ in their responses to the PANSI scales. The PANSI scale scores were associated with scores from related measures. Logistic-regression analyses were used to evaluate the contributions of the PANSI scale scores to differentiate between the study groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses, using data from the psychiatric suicide risk and high-school control youths, were used to identify cutoff scores of 1.63 and 3.33 for the PANSI-negative and PANSI-positive scales, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustine Osman
- Department of Psychology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, 50614-0505, USA.
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