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Alrasheed AA, AbuDujain NM, Almohammedi S, Alrayes R, Alajlan F, Abdulqader O, Albarrak M, Alharbi KH, Almigbal TH, Batais MA. Obesity in Saudi Medical Students and Alignment with Eating Disorders: A Stratified Random Cross-Sectional Investigation. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1281. [PMID: 38998816 PMCID: PMC11241181 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
As a result of the increasing global incidence of obesity and related diseases, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of obesity and its correlation with eating disorder (ED) screening among medical students to develop effective prevention strategies and provide better outcomes for these students. We conducted a quantitative analytical cross-sectional study at the College of Medicine at King Saud University between November 2023 and February 2024. A stratified random sampling technique was utilized, enrolling a net number of 415 participants. Participants were asked several questions, including demographic information, weight, height, and past medical history, and were given a validated screening tool for EDs. Participants' mean age was 21.4 ± 1.67 years, and 17.6% were considered obese. The prevalence of positive screening for EDs was 27.7%; it was more common in females (p = 0.013) and those who earned more than 1000 SAR per month (p = 0.011). Female students also exhibited almost twice the odds of having EDs than males (AOR = 1.957; 95% CI = 1.218-3.146; p = 0.006). Furthermore, non-obese students showed decreased odds of having EDs compared with obese students by at least 48% (AOR = 0.517; 95% CI = 0.287-0.929; p = 0.027). Our study revealed a concerning prevalence of ED symptoms and obesity among medical students, suggesting profound implications. Therefore, multicenter studies are needed to assess the generalizability of the results and apply the findings to targeted national campaigns and interventions tailored specifically to medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Alrasheed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M AbuDujain
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Almohammedi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Alrayes
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alajlan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abdulqader
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majd Albarrak
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid H Alharbi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
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González-Alvarado Y, de Jesús Saucedo-Molina T, Unikel-Santoncini C. Risk of eating disorders in Mexican university students. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104281. [PMID: 38636403 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of the risk of developing an eating disorder, other psychological variables, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity in Mexican university students. The second aim was to determine the association between the risk of developing an eating disorder and all variables by sex. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was carried out. SETTING The Health Sciences Institute and the Agricultural Sciences Institute within the Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Mexico. PARTICIPANTS 395 university students (65 % women) aged 18 to 29. ANALYSIS Descriptive, correlational and binary regression model. RESULTS The risk of developing an eating disorder (moderate and high) was 37.3 % for women and 32.6 % for men. A logistic regression analysis of women showed that thin-ideal internalization (12.9 times), BMI (3.5 times) and inactivity (2.6 times) increased the risk of developing an eating disorder. In men, the drive for muscularity (7.5 times) and BMI (2.3 times) increased the risk. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The variables associated with the risk of developing an eating disorder differed by sex, except for BMI, which increased the risk in both sexes. Findings should be considered in the design of future interventions to prevent the risk of eating disorders and associated factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmín González-Alvarado
- Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, México.
| | | | - Claudia Unikel-Santoncini
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, México.
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Eades ND, Kauffman BY, Bakhshaie J, Cardoso JB, Zvolensky MJ. Eating expectancies among trauma-exposed Latinx college students: The role of mindful attention. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:790-797. [PMID: 33830868 PMCID: PMC8809199 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1908304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Emergent research suggests that trauma-exposed Latinx college students are a particularly at-risk group for eating-related problems. For this reason, there is a need to further understand the cognitive processes that may underpin maladaptive eating among this vulnerable segment of the population. Participants: Participants included 304 trauma exposed Latinx college students (84.5% females; Mage = 22.8 years, SD = 5.79). Methods: The current study examined the role of mindful attention in relation to several distinct expectancies related to eating. Results: Results indicated that lower reported levels of mindful attention were associated with greater levels of expectancies of eating to help manage negative affect, expectancies that eating will alleviate boredom, and expectancies that eating will lead to feeling out of control. Conclusions: These findings suggest that it may be beneficial to assess for mindful attention among Latinx college students with a history of trauma exposure presenting with problematic eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha D. Eades
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, United States
| | | | - Jafar Bakhshaie
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Jodi Berger Cardoso
- Graduate College of Social Work, University of Houston, Houston, United States
- Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, United States
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States
- Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
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Baranauskas M, Kupčiūnaitė I, Stukas R. Potential Triggers for Risking the Development of Eating Disorders in Non-Clinical Higher-Education Students in Emerging Adulthood. Nutrients 2022; 14:2293. [PMID: 35684093 PMCID: PMC9182964 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, eating disorders (ED) among individuals during emerging adulthood have become a crucial challenge to public health, taking into account the fact that the global prevalence of the ED risk in student-aged populations already stands at 10.4% and has been sharply increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. In all, from 50% to 80% of all the ED cases go undetected or are not correctly diagnosed; moreover, these individuals do not receive specialized treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis detected via screening questionnaires for ED is highly recommended. This study aimed to identify the triggers for ED risk development in emerging-adulthood individuals and to reveal the factors significant not only for ED prevention but also for assessing individuals with subthreshold symptoms. This cross-sectional study provides the results for the ED symptom screening in 1716 Lithuanian higher-education students aged 21.2 ± 3.9, during emerging adulthood. According to the results of this study, 19.2% of students were at risk for ED. Potential risk factors such as sex (odds ratio (OR): 3.1, 95% CI: 1.9-4.9), body weight (self-reported body mass index) (adjusted (A) OR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.7) and comorbidities such as smoking (AOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.6-2.8), and perceived stress during the pandemic (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.8) are involved in anticipating the symptomatology of ED during emerging adulthood. Regular initial screenings with universally adopted questionnaires and further referral to a psychiatrist must be applied to promote both the diagnosis of early-onset symptomatology and the treatment of these ED in student-aged populations. Preventive programs for reducing the prevalence of overweight or obesity among students during emerging adulthood should focus on integration directions for the development of a positive body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Baranauskas
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Panevėžys University of Applied Sciences, 35200 Panevėžys, Lithuania;
| | - Ingrida Kupčiūnaitė
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Panevėžys University of Applied Sciences, 35200 Panevėžys, Lithuania;
| | - Rimantas Stukas
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 01513 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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Kabakuş Aykut M, Bilici S. The relationship between the risk of eating disorder and meal patterns in University students. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:579-587. [PMID: 33881762 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was carried out to evaluate the relation between meal patterns and the risk of eating disorders in university students. METHODS The study was conducted on a total of 331 volunteer students with a mean age of 22.08 ± 1.80 years, 56.5% female. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics, health information and eating habits like meal skipping and dieting were questioned. Sick, Control, One stone, Fat, Food (SCOFF) Eating Disorders Scale and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) were used to determine eating behavior disorders, with face to face interviews by the researches. RESULTS A significant correlation was found between dieting and skipping meals and the risk of eating disorders in both genders (p < 0.05). In addition, when the reasons for skipping meals were questioned, a significant relationship was detected between skipping meals and eating behaviour disorders by 3.285 times (p = 0.000). Also, every unit of increase in body mass index (BMI) values of individuals who participated to the study led to an increase in eating disorders by a factor of 1.262 (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support concerns about the negative health effects of increasing overweight among university students in accordance with the data that the increase in BMI values led to an increase in eating disorders. Notably a significant correlation was found between dieting, skipping meals and the risk of eating disorders in both genders it is highlighting the need for monitoring and early diagnosis of eating disorders in youth with simple scales like SCOFF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Memnune Kabakuş Aykut
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
| | - Saniye Bilici
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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The Effect of Parental Attachment on Risky Alcohol Use and Disordered Eating Behaviors in College Students. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-021-09573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chung MC, Ye Z, Wang N, Thomas J. Linking posttraumatic stress disorder with eating disorders among Emirati university female students: The role of self-concealment. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Damiri B, Safarini OA, Nazzal Z, Abuhassan A, Farhoud A, Ghanim N, Al Ali R, Suhail M, Qino M, Zamareh M, Thabaleh A, Zahran J. Eating Disorders and the Use of Cognitive Enhancers and Psychostimulants Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1633-1645. [PMID: 34079261 PMCID: PMC8164711 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s308598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students, who are at risk of eating disorders (ED), are more liable to use cognitive enhancers and psychostimulants to improve their cognitive functions and lose weight. ED in Palestinian male students is a neglected health issue. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and the association between ED and cognitive enhancers, and psychostimulants use among An-Najah National University students (ANNU). METHODS In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020 at ANNU, 1047 students completed anonymous surveys for cognitive enhancers practice, the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), Sick, Control, One, Fat and FOOD (SCOFF) screening tests. RESULTS The prevalence of ED among ANNU students was 21.2% based on EAT-26 (17.1% in males, 23.8% in females) and 31.5% based on SCOFF (24.0% in males, 36.3% in females). The binary logistic regression revealed that students at risk to have ED were water-pipe smokers (OR: 1.471, p-value 0.047), especially males, while students who were less likely to have ED were males (OR: 0.341, p-value<0.001), coffee users (OR: 0.581, p-value 0.014) and chocolate users (OR: 0.530, p-value 0.041) than nonusers. Moreover, the risk of ED increased with increasing body mass index (p-value<0.01). Clinical medical students showed the lowest prevalence (11.1%) compared to preclinical (22.5%), health sciences (23.7%), and non-medical students (20.9%) (p-value 0.059). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight water-pipe smoking as a significant health problem in males with ED, which may require unique treatment and prevention strategies. Moreover, coffee and chocolate consumption were associated with decreased risk of ED, only among males. The gender-gap in ED prevalence was very narrow compared to international results. These results prompt the need to focus on both genders in future studies instead of females. They also suggest the urgent need to address ED among Palestinian university students by educating students about mental health, identifying high-risk students, and offering easily accessible psychological help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Damiri
- Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Drug, and Toxicology Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Omar A Safarini
- Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Zaher Nazzal
- Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Abuhassan
- An-Najah National University Hospital, Department of Neurology, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Farhoud
- Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Nesma Ghanim
- Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Public Health, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Rayyan Al Ali
- Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Forensic Medicine Institute, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Mirvat Suhail
- Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Qino
- Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Zamareh
- Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Ammar Thabaleh
- Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Jihad Zahran
- Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
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Cavazos-Rehg P, Min C, Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Savoy B, Kaiser N, Riordan R, Krauss M, Costello S, Wilfley D. Parental consent: A potential barrier for underage teens' participation in an mHealth mental health intervention. Internet Interv 2020; 21:100328. [PMID: 32528858 PMCID: PMC7276447 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to examine whether underage adolescents displaying symptoms for a mental illness (i.e., an eating disorder) would be willing to obtain parental consent to participate in a study to test the efficacy of an evidence-based mobile mental health intervention targeting teens with eating disorders. METHODS The participants (n = 366) were 15 to 17 year-old English-speakers who post or follow social media accounts on Instagram that emphasize being thin as important or attractive. The participants were administered a survey through Qualtrics to assess eating disorder pathology, interest in trying an evidence-based mobile mental-health intervention, and comfort level with obtaining parental consent to partake in a research study about such an intervention. RESULTS About 85% of participants met clinical or subclinical criteria for an eating disorder; however, only 12% had received a treatment within the past six months. While 83% of participants were interested in trying a mobile health interventions app, only 35% indicated willingness to obtain parental consent to participate in a research study. The primary reasons presented for unwillingness to obtain consent included importance of retaining privacy and feeling that parents lack awareness or understanding about mental health issues. CONCLUSIONS While barriers exist to obtaining treatment for eating disorders, a mobile intervention app may close some of these gaps. Many underage participants indicated interest in obtaining such treatment, yet only a third were willing to obtain parental consent. Future studies should investigate how to reduce these barriers to obtaining parental consent to facilitate teen access to research and mobile mental health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cavazos-Rehg
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Caroline Min
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Bria Savoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nina Kaiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Raven Riordan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melissa Krauss
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shaina Costello
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Denise Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Kauffman BY, Rogers AH, Bakhshaie J, Mayorga NA, Garza M, Ochoa-Perez M, Lemaire C, Zvolensky MJ. Examining the Relationship Between Pain Intensity and Emotional Eating Among Latinos in a Federally Qualified Health Center: The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 21:1217-1223. [PMID: 30701426 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00862-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
There is limited understanding of pain and its relationship to emotional eating among Latinos as well as knowledge about potential mechanisms that may underlie their association. We explored whether anxiety sensitivity (fear of the negative consequences of anxiety) explained the relation between pain intensity and emotional eating among a sample of Latinos. Participants were 79 (87.3% female; Mage = 42.04, SD = 12.01) predominately female Latino attendees of a Federally Qualified Health Center. As hypothesized, results indicated that pain intensity yielded a significant indirect effect through anxiety sensitivity for emotional eating. Alternative models wherein anxiety sensitivity served as the predictor and pain intensity as the indirect effect were also significant. Such novel data highlight the potential bi-directional relationship between pain intensity and anxiety sensitivity in terms of emotional eating. Overall, pain intensity and anxiety sensitivity may serve as mechanisms that underlie emotional eating among Latino adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Y Kauffman
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, Texas, 77204-5502, USA
| | - Andrew H Rogers
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, Texas, 77204-5502, USA
| | - Jafar Bakhshaie
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, Texas, 77204-5502, USA
| | - Nubia A Mayorga
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, Texas, 77204-5502, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, Texas, 77204-5502, USA. .,Department of Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. .,Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Estrada GB, Zoucha R, Duarté-Vélez Y. Cultural Factors Influencing Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors in Puerto Ricans: An Integrative Review. ANNUAL REVIEW OF NURSING RESEARCH 2019; 37:261-299. [PMID: 30692160 DOI: 10.1891/0739-6686.37.1.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hayakawa N, Tanaka S, Hirata N, Ogino S, Ozaki N. A battery of self-screening instruments and self-reported body frame could not detect eating disorders among college students. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:613. [PMID: 31547866 PMCID: PMC6757401 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Although studies have shown inconsistent results in terms of prevalence of eating disorders, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to screen students for abnormal eating behaviors. The results of the self-reported EAT-26 and body frame, as well as the efficacy of using self-administered questionnaires (SAQs) were examined to detect eating disorders in new college students. Results An anonymous questionnaire (EAT-26) was provided to 7738 new students; 4552 (58.8%) responders were included in the final analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for 131 (1.7%) students. Among them, 6 students showed a high EAT-26 score, but were not diagnosed with an eating disorder based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). Three students were diagnosed with an eating disorder using SCID-I, but their EAT-26 scores were below the threshold. From these results, in a non-clinical population, findings on EAT-26 do not agree with those on SCID-I in terms of the diagnosis of eating disorders, and this battery is not appropriate for detecting eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan.
| | - Naoko Hirata
- Toyoake-shi Government Office, Toyoake, 470-1112, Japan
| | | | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan.,Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Fitzsimmons-Craft EE, Karam AM, Monterubio GE, Taylor CB, Wilfley DE. Screening for Eating Disorders on College Campuses: a Review of the Recent Literature. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2019; 21:101. [PMID: 31522343 PMCID: PMC7025756 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-1093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper provides a review of the recent literature on screening for eating disorders (EDs) on college campuses, and reports on methodology, prevalence rates, treatment receipt, and ED screening tools. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research highlights relatively high prevalence rates of EDs among students on college campuses, with the majority of studies demonstrating elevated prevalence compared to the general population. Among students who screened positive for an ED, approximately 20% or less reported having received treatment for their ED. Findings also revealed various recruitment strategies, methods, ED screening tools, and clinical cutoffs used to study this topic, making it challenging to draw firm conclusions about prevalence of EDs on college campuses. Recent research on ED screening on college campuses reveals that EDs are a significant problem among college students, and there is a marked treatment gap between those who need care and those who receive it. Implications and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Fitzsimmons-Craft
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Mailstop 8134-29-2100, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Anna M Karam
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Mailstop 8134-29-2100, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Grace E Monterubio
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Mailstop 8134-29-2100, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - C Barr Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for m2Health, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Denise E Wilfley
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Mailstop 8134-29-2100, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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14
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Trindade AP, Appolinario JC, Mattos P, Treasure J, Nazar BP. Eating disorder symptoms in Brazilian university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 41:179-187. [PMID: 30328965 PMCID: PMC6781688 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To synthesize the risk of eating disorder (ED) symptoms in Brazilian university students through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Secondary goals were to analyze whether any specific majors were related to higher ED risk and whether any regions of Brazil had higher proportions of college students at risk of ED. Methods: The procedures followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and a search was conducted in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO). Results: Thirty-three studies were included in the analysis, of which 14 were included in the meta-analysis. All included studies used self-report questionnaires, the most frequent of which was the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). None of the studies used a structured interview to diagnose ED. A meta-analysis of studies with a cutoff ≥ 20 for the EAT-26 (n=5) found 14.9% (95%CI 12.8-17.2%) positive screenings, while those with a cutoff of t ≥ 21 (n=9) found 13.3% (95%CI 11.3-15.6%) positive screenings. There was a significantly higher proportion of positive screenings among nutrition majors than all other majors combined (26.5 and 20.5%, respectively). Conclusion: Nutrition students seem to be at higher risk of ED. Further research should investigate whether positive screenings translate to actual ED diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Trindade
- Grupo de Obesidade e Transtornos Alimentares, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jose C Appolinario
- Grupo de Obesidade e Transtornos Alimentares, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bruno P Nazar
- Grupo de Obesidade e Transtornos Alimentares, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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15
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Barrack MT, West J, Christopher M, Pham-Vera AM. Disordered Eating Among a Diverse Sample of First-Year College Students. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 38:141-148. [PMID: 30247991 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1487345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A cross-sectional study of first-year college students was conducted to identify the prevalence and predictors of disordered eating (DE). METHODS College freshmen students, aged 18 years, (n = 106) completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) and a supplemental survey. A subset of the sample (n = 77) underwent measurements of height, weight, and body composition. DE was defined as an elevated (3) weight, shape, eating concern, or dietary restraint EDE-Q subscale score. RESULTS The sample, consisting of 56.6%, 15.1%, 11.3%, and 11.3% Latino/a, Asian, African American, and Caucasian students, respectively (37% male), reported a 31.1% prevalence of DE. The current desire to lose weight was the strongest predictor of DE (odds ratio = 15.3; 95% confidence interval = 2.8, 82.5). Other variables linked to DE or elevated EDE-Q subscale scores included body mass index (BMI) 25.0 kg/m2, vegetarianism, weight loss in the past year, female gender, and eating breakfast < 5 d/wk. Participants with BMI 25.0 kg/m2 and the current desire to lose weight (n = 23) or following a vegetarian diet (n = 5) exhibited the highest prevalence of DE (78.3% and 80.0%, respectively). A higher proportion of Latinas reported binge episodes compared to female Caucasian, Asian, and African American students (36.4% vs. 0.0%, 6.7%, and 28.6%, respectively, p = 0.056, χ2 = 7.6). Males, versus females, were more likely to report excessive exercise (56.4% vs. 37.3%, p = 0.056, χ2 = 3.6). CONCLUSIONS This study adds to the current body of literature on DE by providing a diverse sample and potentially novel predictors and risk factors for DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Barrack
- a Department of Family and Consumer Sciences , California State University , Long Beach , California , USA
| | - Jazmine West
- a Department of Family and Consumer Sciences , California State University , Long Beach , California , USA
| | - Michele Christopher
- b Department of Family and Consumer Sciences , California State University , Northridge , California , USA
| | - Ann-Marie Pham-Vera
- b Department of Family and Consumer Sciences , California State University , Northridge , California , USA
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16
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Green ET, Venta A. Lack of implementation of eating disorder education and prevention programs in high schools: Data from incoming college freshmen. Eat Disord 2018; 26:430-447. [PMID: 29565723 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1453629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation of eating disorder education and prevention programs in high schools retrospectively, as reported by incoming college freshmen, exploring whether characteristics of the school influenced implementation. The sample, 169 first-year students from a public university, participated in an online survey inquiring about exposure to programs and high school characteristics. Results demonstrated few students exposed to any eating disorder programming (29.0%), with no students reporting exposure to prevention programming. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the implementation based on school characteristics, suggesting that this is a universal issue across high schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emalee T Green
- a Department of Psychology and Philosophy , Sam Houston State University , Huntville , TX , USA
| | - Amanda Venta
- a Department of Psychology and Philosophy , Sam Houston State University , Huntville , TX , USA
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17
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Panico R, Piemonte E, Lazos J, Gilligan G, Zampini A, Lanfranchi H. Oral mucosal lesions in Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and EDNOS. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 96:178-182. [PMID: 29078154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to describe oral lesions in patients with eating disorders (ED), including Anorexia Nervosa (AN), Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). MATERIAL AND METHODS A prospective case-control study was carried out from April 2003 to May 2004. Inclusion criteria for the study group were individuals with a diagnosis of ED; age and sex-matched individuals without ED were included as controls. Clinical data regarding ED, medical complications and oral examination were performed by previously calibrated professionals. RESULTS Study group (n = 65) presented 46 cases of BN (71%), 13 of EDNOS (20%) and 6 of AN (9%); also, 94% (n = 61) showed oral lesions. The most common were: labial erythema, exfoliative cheilitis, orange-yellow palate, hemorrhagic lesions, lip-cheek biting and non-specific oral atrophies. Only two patients of the study group had dental erosions, and no case of major salivary gland swelling was found. CONCLUSIONS ED display a wide array of oral mucosal lesions that can be regarded as their early manifestations. The dentist could be the first professional to detect symptoms of eating disorders, potentially improving early detection and treatment of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Panico
- Oral Medicine Department, Dentistry College, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo Piemonte
- Oral Medicine Department, Dentistry College, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jerónimo Lazos
- Oral Medicine Department, Dentistry College, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerardo Gilligan
- Oral Medicine Department, Dentistry College, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Haya de la Torre s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Anibal Zampini
- Anorexia and Bulimia Fight Association Institute, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Héctor Lanfranchi
- Oral Medicine Department, Dentistry College, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Naeimi AF, Haghighian HK, Gargari BP, Alizadeh M, Rouzitalab T. Eating disorders risk and its relation to self-esteem and body image in Iranian university students of medical sciences. Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:597-605. [PMID: 27107872 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-016-0283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Eating disorders are rapidly increasing in young adults. But, a few studies have examined the risk of eating disorders and body image in university students of non-Western societies. The current study aimed to assess eating disorders risk in relation to body image and self-esteem among Iranian university students. METHOD The participants were 430 students from Tabriz, between April and May 2015. The 26-item Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Questionnaires were used. EAT-26 score of 20 or more was considered as eating disorders risk cutoff. RESULTS Majority of the students (68 %) were females. The overall eating disorders risk was 9.5 % (7.5 and 10.5 % in men and women, respectively). Further, the prevalence of poor body image and low self-esteem was 34.2 and 16 %, respectively. Neither of the gender differences was statistically significant (p > 0.05). In simple logistic regression, there were significant associations between self-esteem, body image, parental education and eating disorders risk (p < 0.025). But, after adjustments for gender, age, Body Mass Index (BMI) and marital status, only self-esteem (OR = 0.37, 95 % = 0.16-0.87) and mother's education level (OR = 2.78, 95 % = 1.30-5.93) were predictors of eating disorders risk. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed that low self-esteem and mother's higher education may increase eating disorders risk and the predictive role of body image possibly is by other mediators such as self-esteem. This warrants awareness improvement and developing appropriate interventions targeting self-esteem and self-respect of students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Farsad Naeimi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Golgasht St, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Rouzitalab
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Saunders JF, Frazier LD, Nichols-Lopez KA. Self-esteem, diet self-efficacy, body mass index, and eating disorders: modeling effects in an ethnically diverse sample. Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:459-468. [PMID: 26703131 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-015-0244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Disordered eating patterns, particularly binge eating, are prevalent in Hispanic samples, yet the biopsychosocial risk factors remain understudied in minority populations. The relationship between diet self-efficacy and bulimic symptoms has been established in non-Hispanic white samples but not yet in Hispanics. This study sought to identify the direct role of diet self-efficacy on eating disorder risk and symptomology in a multicultural Hispanic sample, and to investigate the potential indirect relations among diet self-efficacy, self-esteem, body mass index (BMI), and eating disorder risk and symptomology in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites. METHODS The present study surveyed 1339 college students from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Participants completed four standardized scales to assess acculturation, diet self-efficacy, global self-esteem, and eating disorder symptomology and risk. Self-reported height and weight were used for BMI calculations, and the data were analyzed in a robust maximum-likelihood structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. RESULTS The findings highlighted diet self-efficacy as a predictor of eating disorder risk and symptomology. Diet self-efficacy partially explained the covariation between self-esteem and eating disorder risk and symptomology, and between BMI and eating disorder risk and symptomology for the entire sample. CONCLUSION Diet self-efficacy emerged as an important construct to consider in developing eating disorder prevention and treatment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Saunders
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Leslie D Frazier
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Kristin A Nichols-Lopez
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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20
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Cordero ED, Gutierrez A. Weight-Related Eating Among Less-Acculturated Latina College Students. J Immigr Minor Health 2016; 18:1032-1037. [PMID: 26976002 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Less-acculturated Latinos have been found to have unique patterns of weight-related eating attitudes and behaviors. This study examined body mass index (BMI), body image, and various facets of emotional distress as contributors to weight-related eating among less-acculturated female Latina college students. It was hypothesized that unique combinations of BMI, body image, depression, anxiety, and stress would predict routine restraint, compensatory restraint, susceptibility to external cues, and emotional eating in less-acculturated Latina college students. Participants were 141 college students from a rural region in southeastern California who completed questionnaires. Preoccupation with being overweight, a body-image variable, significantly predicted routine and compensatory restraint whereas stress was an important correlate of reasons for eating other than hunger. Implications of the findings include the potential to inform models of weight-related eating among less-acculturated Latina college students. Limitations include homogeneity of sample pertinent to Latino descent. Future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Diane Cordero
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, Imperial Valley, 720 Heber Avenue, Calexico, CA, 92231, USA.
| | - Angelica Gutierrez
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, Imperial Valley, 720 Heber Avenue, Calexico, CA, 92231, USA
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21
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Reyes-Rodríguez ML, Gulisano M, Silva Y, Pivarunas B, Luna-Reyes KL, Bulik CM. "Las penas con pan duelen menos": The role of food and culture in Latinas with disordered eating behaviors. Appetite 2016; 100:102-9. [PMID: 26911262 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study elucidated the experiences of eighteen Latina adults (mean age = 38.5 years) from "Promoviendo una Alimentación Saludable" Project who received nutritional intervention as part of the clinical trial. Half of the participants were first generation immigrants from Mexico (50%), followed by U.S. born with 16.7%. Remaining nationalities represented were Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru, and Venezuela with 33.3% combined. The average duration of living in the U.S. was 11.1 years. The mean body mass index (BMI) at baseline was 36.59 kg/m(2) (SD = 7.72). Based on the DSM-IV, 28% (n = 5) participants were diagnosed with binge-eating disorder, 33% (n = 6) with bulimia nervosa purging type and 39% (n = 7) with eating disorder not otherwise specified. Participants received up to three nutritional sessions; a bilingual dietitian conducted 97.8% of sessions in Spanish. In total, fifty nutritional sessions were included in the qualitative analysis. A three step qualitative analysis was conducted. First, a bilingual research team documented each topic discussed by patients and all interventions conducted by the dietitian. Second, all topics were classified into specific categories and the frequency was documented. Third, a consensus with the dietitian was performed to validate the categories identified by the research team. Six categories (describing eating patterns, emotional distress, Latino culture values, family conflicts associated with disturbed eating behaviors, lack of knowledge of healthy eating, and treatment progress) emerged from patients across all nutritional sessions. Considering the background of immigration and trauma (60%, n = 15) in this sample; the appropriate steps of nutritional intervention appear to be: 1) elucidating the connection between food and emotional distress, 2) providing psychoeducation of healthy eating patterns using the plate method, and 3) developing a meal plan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yormeri Silva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Kiara L Luna-Reyes
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Rouzitalab T, Pourghassem Gargari B, Amirsasan R, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Farsad Naeimi A, Sanoobar M. The Relationship of Disordered Eating Attitudes With Body Composition and Anthropometric Indices in Physical Education Students. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 17:e20727. [PMID: 26734482 PMCID: PMC4698139 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.20727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Abnormal eating behavior, unhealthy weight control methods, and eating disordered symptoms have risen among college students. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine disordered eating attitudes and their relationship with anthropometric and body composition indices in physical education students in Tabriz, the capital of East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 210 physical education students, 105 males and 105 females aged 18 to 25, who were selected by systematic random sampling from physical education faculty of Tabriz University in Tabriz, Iran, in 2013. Eating attitude test (EAT-26) was used for the assessment of disordered eating attitudes. In addition, anthropometric and body composition indices were assessed. Results: About 10% of the studied subject had disturbed eating attitudes; significantly more males (15.4%) reported an EAT-26 ≥ 20 (disordered eating attitudes) than females (4.8%) (P < 0.05). In males, the EAT-26 score was positively correlated with weist perimeter (WP) (r = 0.21, P < 0.05) and the waist-to-hip ratio (r = 0.26, P < 0.01). In females, the EAT-26 score was positively correlated with weight (r = 0.19, P < 0.05) and the WP (r = 0.28, P < 0.01). In females, weight (P < 0.05), body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.05), WP (P < 0.01), and waist-to-hip ratio (P < 0.05) were significantly different between disordered eating attitude and healthy subjects, while in males there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the anthropometric and body composition indices. Conclusions: Abnormal eating attitude was notable among physical education students in Tabriz, Iran. It seems that some anthropometric indices such as BMI and central obesity indices were related to the increase of disordered eating attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Rouzitalab
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Bahram Pourghassem Gargari, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-4133357581, Fax: +98-4133340634, E-mail:
| | - Ramin Amirsasan
- Department of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Road Traffic Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Alireza Farsad Naeimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR Iran
| | - Meisam Sanoobar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Stein KF, Chen DG(D, Corte C, Keller C, Trabold N. Disordered eating behaviors in young adult Mexican American women: prevalence and associations with health risks. Eat Behav 2013; 14:476-83. [PMID: 24183140 PMCID: PMC5731461 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that disordered eating behaviors are as prevalent in heterogenous samples of Latinas living in the U.S. as in non-Hispanic white women, yet less is known about the prevalence in women of Mexican origin. The primary purpose of this study is to report the prevalence and associations among DE behaviors and health risk of alcohol, tobacco use and obesity in a sample of N = 472 young adult college enrolled Mexican American (MA) women living in the United States. This report focuses on baseline data from a 12-month repeated measures longitudinal study. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) was used to capture the prevalence of disordered eating and health risk behaviors in the context of everyday activities. Disordered eating behaviors including purging, binge eating, fasting and exercise were reported by approximately 15% of the sample. Food/calorie restricting, was the most prevalent behavior reported by 48% of the sample and along with binge eating was a positive predictor of BMI. Fasting was the only disordered eating behavior associated with tobacco use. These findings suggest that subclinical levels of DE behaviors are prevalent in a community sample of women of Mexican origin and are associated with health risks of tobacco use and higher BMI. Early identification of DE behaviors and community-based interventions targeting MA women may help reduce disparities associated with overweight and obesity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Farchaus Stein
- University of Rochester, School of Nursing, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box SON, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Ding-Geng (Din) Chen
- University of Rochester, School of Nursing, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box SON Rochester, NY 14642 USA
| | - Colleen Corte
- University of Illinois, Chicago, School of Nursing, 845 South Damen Avenue (MC 802) Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Colleen Keller
- Arizona State University, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, 500 N. 3 Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA
| | - Nicole Trabold
- University of Rochester, School of Nursing, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box SON Rochester, NY 14642 USA
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Reyes-Rodríguez ML, Rivera-Medina CL, Cámara-Fuentes L, Suárez-Torres A, Bernal G. Depression symptoms and stressful life events among college students in Puerto Rico. J Affect Disord 2013; 145:324-30. [PMID: 22939390 PMCID: PMC3529968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transition from adolescence to adulthood is associated with stressful adaptation experiences that may increase symptoms of depression. We explored the prevalence and sex differences of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in freshmen Latino college students in Puerto Rico, and identified stressful life events that could contribute to symptoms of depression. METHODS Two thousand one hundred sixty-three freshmen college students from the University of Puerto Rico (UPR) public education system were assessed for depression symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and stressful life events using open questions. RESULTS Nine percent of the sample reported depression symptoms at a moderate or severe level (BDI>20). Chi square analyses revealed a significantly higher prevalence for three of the stressful life events in females than males: relocation (10.2% females vs. 7.3% males; X(2) (1)=4.13, p=.042), break-up of a significant relationship (25.3% females vs. 17.8% males; X(2) (1)=13.76, p<.001), and illness (11.2% females vs. 7.3% males; X(2) (1)=7.23, p=.007). The model that best explained the variance of BDI scores among females was the presence of suicide risk, relationship break-up, illness, and relocation for college, whereas for males a similar model without the relationship break-up variable resulted in a better fit. CONCLUSIONS Freshmen college students present a broad range of depression symptoms and certain stressful life events are associated with an increased prevalence of depression symptoms. Early detection of depression and tailored prevention programs should be developed to improve both mental health and academic performance among the college population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae Lynn Reyes-Rodríguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA.
| | | | - Luis Cámara-Fuentes
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus
| | - Alba Suárez-Torres
- Quality of Life Offices, Central Administration, University of Puerto Rico
| | - Guillermo Bernal
- Institute for Psychological Research-IPsi, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus
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Balhara YPS, Yadav T, Arya K, Mathur S, Kataria DK. A cross-sectional study of body shape and eating attitude among Indian female healthcare students. Int J Psychiatry Med 2012; 43:309-23. [PMID: 23094464 DOI: 10.2190/pm.43.4.b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed at assessing eating attitude and body shape concerns among Indian female healthcare students who had received some teaching/training in Psychiatry. METHOD The study was conducted at government medical and nursing college. All the undergraduate healthcare students enrolled with institute at the time of study constituted the sampling frame for the study. Survey-based methodology was used for data collection. Study scales included semi-structured proforma, Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) (including the three sub-scales), and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Data were analyzed using Pearson's and Spearman's correlation statistics and ANOVA with post hoc analysis. RESULTS A total of 498 students returned the completed study questionnaire. There was significant correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and EAT-26 scores) including the sub-scales score of EAT-26). Similarly, BMI and BSQ scores were also significantly correlated. DISCUSSION The findings from current study help understand the body shape and eating attitudes of Indian female healthcare students who had received some teaching/training in Psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatan Pal Singh Balhara
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
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26
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Franko DL, Jenkins A, Rodgers RF. Toward Reducing Risk for Eating Disorders and Obesity in Latina College Women. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6676.2012.00038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Franko DL, Coen EJ, Roehrig JP, Rodgers RF, Jenkins A, Lovering ME, Dela Cruz S. Considering J.Lo and Ugly Betty: a qualitative examination of risk factors and prevention targets for body dissatisfaction, eating disorders, and obesity in young Latina women. Body Image 2012; 9:381-7. [PMID: 22609033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Latina women are vulnerable to poor body image, eating disorders, and obesity, particularly during the college years. This study sought to identify common cultural antecedents of these concerns in order to inform the development of prevention programs for this population. Six groups of university students who identified as Latina (N=27) discussed cultural aspects of body image, eating disorders, and obesity. Thematic analysis identified four main themes: (a) cultural disparities in body-ideal, including the influence of the media and acculturation issues; (b) messages about body shape and weight received by family, peers, and society; (c) difficulties making healthy eating and physical activity choices as a function of college life; and (d) the influence of peers and potential male partners on body satisfaction and body-ideals. These results have implications for the development of programs targeting body dissatisfaction and risk for eating disorders and obesity in Latina college women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Franko
- Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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De Santis JP, Layerla DM, Barroso S, Gattamorta KA, Sanchez M, Prado GJ. Predictors of eating attitudes and behaviors among gay Hispanic men. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2012; 26:111-26. [PMID: 22449559 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Gay men are a vulnerable population at risk for a number of health disparities, but little is known about eating disorders among gay Hispanic men. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of eating attitudes and behaviors with alcohol abuse, body image, depression, self-esteem, and sexual behaviors to determine predictors of eating attitudes and behaviors in a community sample of gay Hispanic men. Significant numbers of the participants were at risk for eating disorders (13%), alcohol abuse (18%), body image disturbance (29%), depression (25%), low self-esteem (12%), and high-risk sexual behaviors (34%). Alcohol abuse, body image, depression, self-esteem, and sexual behaviors were significant predictors of eating attitudes and behaviors and accounted for 38% of the variance in eating attitudes and behaviors. Nurses providing care to this population of gay men must be aware of this cluster of related mental health conditions that are experienced by these men. Addressing and treating these health conditions as a group of related mental health conditions are necessary. More research is needed to further explore this cluster of health issues among gay Hispanic men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P De Santis
- University of Miami, School of Nursing and Health Studies, 5030 Brunson Drive, Room 432A, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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Memon AA, Adil SEER, Siddiqui EU, Naeem SS, Ali SA, Mehmood K. Eating disorders in medical students of Karachi, Pakistan-a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:84. [PMID: 22296613 PMCID: PMC3395848 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the incidence of high-risk population of medical students with eating disorders in Karachi by using validated self-administered questionnaires. The earlier these disorders are diagnosed and assessed, the better the chances are for enhanced treatment and fuller recovery. Therefore, we intended to undertake a study to find out the frequency of such disorders among medical students of Karachi and design strategies to overcome them. Findings A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in 435 medical students of Karachi. Data was collected using 2 self administered questionnaires, the SCOFF Eating Disorders Questionnaire and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Subjects' body mass indexes (BMI) were also calculated. The data was sorted and analyzed in SPSS version 16. According to EAT-26, 22.75% individuals were found to be at high-risk of eating disorders, with 87.9% females and 12.1% males. However, according to SCOFF questionnaire, 17% individuals were found to be at high-risk, with 78.4% females and 21.6% males. According to BMI calculation, 9% were severely underweight, 41.4% underweight, 41.1% normal, 7.6% overweight and 0.9% belonged to obese class 1. Conclusions A significant fraction of medical students in Karachi are at high risk of development of eating disorders, females being more prone than males. Strategies should be designed to prevent occurrence of such disorders among medical students that would undoubtedly hamper the availability of dependable medical services in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Amin Memon
- Medical student, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Measurement invariance of the Eating Attitudes Test-26 in Caucasian and Hispanic women. Eat Behav 2011; 12:317-20. [PMID: 22051367 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the EAT-26 functions similarly in Caucasian and Hispanic samples, the current study investigated the factor structure of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) in 235 undergraduate Caucasian (53.6%) and Hispanic (46.4%) women, and tested for measurement invariance across the two samples. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of the original 3-factor structure of the EAT resulted in a poor fit in both the Caucasian and Hispanic samples. We then performed a CFA using a previously discovered 4-factor, 16-item structure. This abbreviated measure was a good fit in both the Caucasian and Hispanic samples, and the model was invariant across all dimensions tested. The 16-item EAT is a better-fitting measure in Caucasian and Hispanic women than the commonly used EAT-26. This replicates an earlier finding and generalizes those conclusions to a Hispanic sample.
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Reyes-Rodriguez ML, Sala M, Von Holle A, Unikel C, Bulik CM, Camara-Fuentes L, Suarez-Torres A. A description of disordered eating behaviors in Latino males. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2011; 59:266-72. [PMID: 21308586 PMCID: PMC3057453 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2010.502205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore disordered eating and eating disorders (EDs) in Latino males. PARTICIPANTS Participants are 722 male college students from a larger prevalence study conducted in the University of Puerto Rico system. METHODS Participants were selected from a list of sections of required courses for first-year students on each campus. Self-report instruments were used to explore ED symptoms (the Eating Attitudes Test [EAT-26] and the Bulimia Test-Revised [BULIT-26-R] and the Beck Depression Inventory depression (BDI). RESULTS Overall, 2.26% scored above the cut-off point on the BULIT-R and 5.08% score above the cut-off point on the EAT-26. Of the males, 4.43% reported sufficient frequency and severity to approximate DSM-IV criteria for bulimia nervosa. Depression symptomatology was found in those who scored above the cut-off point on both instruments of EDs. CONCLUSION College health practitioners should be aware of disordered eating in Latino males and include them in efforts to detect disordered eating behaviors in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mae Lynn Reyes-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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