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Roy C, Marceau E, Gera L, Marceau F. An in vitro reconstitution system to address the mechanism of the vascular expression of the bradykinin B1 receptor in response to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 57:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pirinen E, Kuulasmaa T, Pietilä M, Heikkinen S, Tusa M, Itkonen P, Boman S, Skommer J, Virkamäki A, Hohtola E, Kettunen M, Fatrai S, Kansanen E, Koota S, Niiranen K, Parkkinen J, Levonen AL, Ylä-Herttuala S, Hiltunen JK, Alhonen L, Smith U, Jänne J, Laakso M. Enhanced polyamine catabolism alters homeostatic control of white adipose tissue mass, energy expenditure, and glucose metabolism. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:4953-67. [PMID: 17485446 PMCID: PMC1951486 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.02034-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha) is an attractive candidate gene for type 2 diabetes, as genes of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway are coordinatively downregulated by reduced expression of PGC-1 alpha in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of patients with type 2 diabetes. Here we demonstrate that transgenic mice with activated polyamine catabolism due to overexpression of spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) had reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, high basal metabolic rate, improved glucose tolerance, high insulin sensitivity, and enhanced expression of the OXPHOS genes, coordinated by increased levels of PGC-1 alpha and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in WAT. As accelerated polyamine flux caused by SSAT overexpression depleted the ATP pool in adipocytes of SSAT mice and N(1),N(11)-diethylnorspermine-treated wild-type fetal fibroblasts, we propose that low ATP levels lead to the induction of AMPK, which in turn activates PGC-1 alpha in WAT of SSAT mice. Our hypothesis is supported by the finding that the phenotype of SSAT mice was reversed when the accelerated polyamine flux was reduced by the inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis in WAT. The involvement of polyamine catabolism in the regulation of energy and glucose metabolism may offer a novel target for drug development for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija Pirinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1777, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Panichi V, De Pietro S, Andreini B, Bianchi AM, Migliori M, Taccola D, Giovannini L, Tetta C, Palla R. Calcitriol modulates in vivo and in vitro cytokine production: a role for intracellular calcium. Kidney Int 1998; 54:1463-9. [PMID: 9844122 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcitriol modulates in vivoand in vitro cytokine production: A role for intracellular calcium. Background. Several immunomodulatory properties of calcitriol are currently known, however, only little information is available regarding the in vivo and in vitro effects of calcitriol on cytokine production in chronic renal failure. Methods. To study the in vitro effect of calcitriol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine production, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, 2.5 ml/ml) from 12 chronic dialytic (HD), 15 undialyzed chronic renal failure (CRF) patients and 10 normal subjects (N) were incubated at 37 degrees for 12 hours with 100 ng of LPS (E. coli and P. maltofilia). Increasing doses of calcitriol from 10-10 to 10-9 M were added and cell associated TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were determined by immunoreactive tests after three freeze-thaw cycles. The intradialytic TNF-alpha and IL-1beta production were evaluated in vivo in 12 HD patients before and after three months of intravenous calcitriol treatment (6 microgram/week). Intracellular calcium [Ca++]i was determined on PBMC with a cytofluorimetric assay using FLUO-3 AM as the indicator. Results. In vitro, TNF-alpha increased from 3.6 +/- 1.9 pg/cell to 1797 +/- 337 in N, from 4.5 +/- 1.7 to 1724 +/- 232 in CRF and from 3.4 +/- 2.3 to 1244 +/- 553 in HD after the LPS stimulus. The production of TNF-alpha was inhibited by calcitriol in a dose-dependent manner [LPS + Vit.D3 100 ng, 2.9 +/- 2.1 in N, 3.7 +/- 1.9 in CRF and 3.4 +/- 1.7 in HD; LPS + Vit.D3 50 ng, 263 +/- 296 (N), 6.73 +/- 11 (CRF), 38 +/- 28 (HD); LPS + Vit.D3 25 ng = 873 +/- 583 (N), 325 +/- 483 (CRF), 588 +/- 507 (HD); LPS + Vit.D3 12.5 ng, 954 +/- 483 (N), 912 +/- 510 (CRF), 875 +/- 527 (HD)]. Comparable data were observed on IL-1beta production. In vivo, the intradialytic TNF-alpha increase (from 8.5 +/- 2.3 to 19 +/- 5.6 pg/2.5 x 106 cell) during hemodialysis was markedly reduced after calcitriol therapy (from 6.6 +/- 3.1 to 11 +/- 4.7). [Ca++]i decreased from 105 +/- 25 to 72 +/- 18 nM (P < 0.05) and a positive correlation between cytokine levels and [Ca++]i was found (r = 0.79; P < 0.001). Conclusions. The in vitro increase of cell-associated cytokine after LPS challenge was inhibited by calcitriol in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest a possible in vivo modulatory effect of calcitriol therapy on cytokine production in hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Panichi
- Internal Medicine Department and Neuroscience Department, Pharmacology Section, University of Pisa, Italy
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Song X, Norman AW. 1Alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and phorbol ester mediate the expression of alkaline phosphatase in NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Leuk Res 1998; 22:69-76. [PMID: 9585082 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(97)00054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Both 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3] and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [PMA] are cytodifferentiation agents regulating myeloid cell line differentiation along the monocyte/macrophage pathway. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity has been reported to be absent or present at low levels in monocytes/macrophages. In the present study, the acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line (NB4) was found to undergo monocyte/macrophage differentiation and strongly express ALP activity after exposure to the combination of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and PMA treatment. The ALP stimulation was both dose- and time-dependent with the ED50 doses for 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and PMA at 2 x 10(-10) M and 4 x 10(-11) M, respectively. Assessment of the cell morphology via cell adherence, phagocytosis and ALP staining confirmed that NB4 cells treated by 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 plus PMA showed macrophage characteristics, but were also strongly stained with ALP. The present study is the first report that NB4 cells express ALP activity as a consequence of combination treatment with 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and PMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Song
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California-Riverside, 92521, USA
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Suematsu Y, Nishizawa Y, Shioi A, Hino M, Tahara H, Inaba M, Morii H, Otani S. Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on induction of scavenger receptor and differentiation of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-treated THP-1 human monocyte like cells. J Cell Physiol 1995; 165:547-55. [PMID: 7593234 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041650313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) on the expression of scavenger receptors in human monocytic cell line (THP-1 cells) treated for 24 h with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) which induces their differentiation into macrophages. The capacity to degrade 125I-labeled acetyl low density lipoprotein (LDL) was developed in accordance with macrophage differentiation. The treatment with 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 for 72 h inhibited the degradation of acetyl LDL by THP-1 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits scavenging function in macrophages. In order to clarify the mechanism of its inhibitory effect on degradation of acetyl LDL, we performed the ligand binding assay using 125I-labeled acetyl LDL. Scatchard analysis revealed that 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased the number of scavenger receptors without changing the affinity for acetyl LDL. We next examined the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the expression of scavenger receptor mRNA. The mRNA of type I scavenger receptor was first detected in THP-1 cells 4 days after the treatment with TPA, the mRNA level increased up to 6 days, and then decreased. The treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 for 72 h dramatically decreased the mRNA levels after the acquisition of macrophage phenotypes as evidenced by nonspecific esterase staining. However, 1,25(OH)2D3 did not affect the activity of nonspecific esterase nor the induction of interleukin-1 beta mRNA by lipopolysaccharide in THP-1 macrophages. These findings suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 exclusively decreases the expression of scavenger receptors in TPA-induced THP-1 macrophages without affecting the basic cellular functions as macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Suematsu
- Second Department of Biochemistry, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan
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Reinhold D, Bank U, Bühling F, Kähne T, Kunt D, Faust J, Neubert K, Ansorge S. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) specifically suppress proliferation and modulate cytokine production of strongly CD26 expressing U937 cells. Immunobiology 1994; 192:121-36. [PMID: 7750986 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(11)80412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Various studies from different laboratories have shown that the membrane ectoenzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) expressed in T and NK cells is involved in the regulation of DNA synthesis and cytokine production. In this paper, we performed a biochemical and functional characterization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on the human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937. Using U937 clones expressing low to high levels of membrane localized CD26, we found that the synthetic reversible inhibitors of DP IV, Lys-[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and Lys-[Z(NO2)]-piperidide, have different effects on all functions. In U937-H cells that strongly express high levels of CD26, DP IV inhibitors were shown to suppress DNA synthesis and production of IL-1 beta, but stimulate the secretion of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and of TNF-alpha. In contrast, both inhibitors did not influence the cytokine production and DNA synthesis in U937-L cells exhibiting low level CD26 expression. These data support the hypothesis that CD26 plays a crucial role in proliferation and cytokine production, not only in T cells, but also in other cell systems, and that enzymatic activity is essential for its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Reinhold
- Department of Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Koyama H, Inaba M, Nishizawa Y, Ohno S, Morii H. Protein kinase C is involved in 24-hydroxylase gene expression induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 in rat intestinal epithelial cells. J Cell Biochem 1994; 55:230-40. [PMID: 8089198 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240550210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Effects of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor and activator on 1,25(OH)2D3-induced gene expression were examined in rat intestinal epithelial cells, IEC-6 cells. A potent PKC inhibitor, H-7 (20 microM), completely abated 1,25(OH)2D3-induced 24-hydroxylase gene expression at 3 and 6 h. The effect of H-7 was dose dependent with IC50 around 5 microM. Other protein kinase inhibitors, HA-1004 and H-89 (20 microM), had no effects. Furthermore, the activation of PKC by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) potentiated the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 by 1 h. TPA appeared to exert its effect at a transcriptional step, since mRNA stability was not affected by TPA treatment. At 3 h after the treatment of the cells with H-7 and TPA, vitamin D receptor (VDR) contents estimated by 3H-1,25(OH)2D3 binding capacity were 72.4 and 63.2% of vehicle-treated cells without significant changes of binding affinities, suggesting that the effect of H-7 and TPA was not the result of changes in VDR content or its binding affinity. In conclusion, PKC is involved in 1,25(OH)2D3-induced 24-hydroxylase gene expression in IEC-6 cells between 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR binding and VDR-induced gene transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Koyama
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka City University Medical School, Japan
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Seiler N, Atanassov CL. The natural polyamines and the immune system. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 1994; 43:87-141. [PMID: 7855252 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7156-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Seiler
- Groupe de Recherche en Thérapeutique Anticancéreuse URA CNRS 1529 DRED 1266, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes, France
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Yen A, Coles M, Varvayanis S. 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate synergistically induce monocytic cell differentiation: FOS and RB expression. J Cell Physiol 1993; 156:198-203. [PMID: 8314857 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041560126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) interact synergistically to induce monocytic differentiation of U937 histiocytic lymphoma cells. Addition of TPA causes an otherwise ineffective dose of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 to induce differentiation. The induced differentiation depends on the simultaneous (vs. sequential) presence of both agents. The kinetics of induced differentiation are consistent with a G1 specific cellular response to initiate the metabolic cascade culminating in cell differentiation. The induced differentiation occurs with down-regulation of c-fos protein and an accompanying up-regulation of RB protein expression, consistent with a possible need for up-regulated RB expression to maintain a given differentiated phenotype and suppress transcriptional activators that might typically be associated with proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yen
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Morrison LD, Bergeron C, Kish SJ. Brain S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity is increased in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 1993; 154:141-4. [PMID: 8361629 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90191-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We measured the activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), a key regulatory enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, in autopsied brain from 13 patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). As compared with the controls, mean enzyme activity was increased by 37-96% in all seven examined brain regions with statistically significant increases in temporal cortex (+96%), frontal cortex (+69%) and hippocampus (+90%). The elevated SAMDC may have occurred as part of a generalized polyamine response to brain injury, which has been previously described in experimental animal conditions. Above-normal SAMDC activity implies increased levels/metabolism of spermidine and spermine, two polyamines which are involved in neuronal regeneration, growth factor production, and activation of excitatory N-methyl-D-aspartate preferring glutamate receptors. Our data suggest the involvement of the polyamine system in the brain reparative and/or pathogenetic mechanisms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Morrison
- Human Neurochemical Pathology Laboratory, Clarke Institute Of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ont., Canada
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