1
|
McNeal AS, Belote RL, Zeng H, Urquijo M, Barker K, Torres R, Curtin M, Shain AH, Andtbacka RHI, Holmen S, Lum DH, McCalmont TH, VanBrocklin MW, Grossman D, Wei ML, Lang UE, Judson-Torres RL. BRAF V600E induces reversible mitotic arrest in human melanocytes via microrna-mediated suppression of AURKB. eLife 2021; 10:e70385. [PMID: 34812139 PMCID: PMC8610417 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign melanocytic nevi frequently emerge when an acquired BRAFV600E mutation triggers unchecked proliferation and subsequent arrest in melanocytes. Recent observations have challenged the role of oncogene-induced senescence in melanocytic nevus formation, necessitating investigations into alternative mechanisms for the establishment and maintenance of proliferation arrest in nevi. We compared the transcriptomes of melanocytes from healthy human skin, nevi, and melanomas arising from nevi and identified a set of microRNAs as highly expressed nevus-enriched transcripts. Two of these microRNAs-MIR211-5p and MIR328-3p-induced mitotic failure, genome duplication, and proliferation arrest in human melanocytes through convergent targeting of AURKB. We demonstrate that BRAFV600E induces a similar proliferation arrest in primary human melanocytes that is both reversible and conditional. Specifically, BRAFV600E expression stimulates either arrest or proliferation depending on the differentiation state of the melanocyte. We report genome duplication in human melanocytic nevi, reciprocal expression of AURKB and microRNAs in nevi and melanomas, and rescue of arrested human nevus cells with AURKB expression. Taken together, our data describe an alternative molecular mechanism for melanocytic nevus formation that is congruent with both experimental and clinical observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S McNeal
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Hanlin Zeng
- Huntsman Cancer Inst.Salt Lake CityUnited States
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Torres
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - A Hunter Shain
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Robert HI Andtbacka
- Huntsman Cancer Inst.Salt Lake CityUnited States
- University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Sheri Holmen
- Huntsman Cancer Inst.Salt Lake CityUnited States
- University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - David H Lum
- Huntsman Cancer Inst.Salt Lake CityUnited States
| | | | - Matt W VanBrocklin
- Huntsman Cancer Inst.Salt Lake CityUnited States
- University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Douglas Grossman
- Huntsman Cancer Inst.Salt Lake CityUnited States
- University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| | - Maria L Wei
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ursula E Lang
- University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Robert L Judson-Torres
- Huntsman Cancer Inst.Salt Lake CityUnited States
- University of UtahSalt Lake CityUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lange SS, Bhetawal S, Reh S, Powell KL, Kusewitt DF, Wood RD. DNA polymerase ζ deficiency causes impaired wound healing and stress-induced skin pigmentation. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1. [PMID: 30046772 PMCID: PMC6055517 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice harboring DNA polymerase ζ–defective keratinocytes are shown to have a defect in wound healing and a striking p53-dependent migration of melanocytes to the skin following UV radiation or wounding. DNA polymerase ζ (pol ζ) is well established as a specialized enzyme important for DNA damage tolerance, facilitating DNA synthesis past lesions caused by radiation or chemical damage. We report that disruption of Rev3l (encoding the catalytic subunit of pol ζ) in mouse epidermis leads to a defect in proliferation that impairs cutaneous wound healing. A striking increase in epidermal skin pigmentation accompanied both wound healing and UV irradiation in these mice. This was a consequence of stress-induced migration of Rev3l-proficient melanocytes to the Rev3l-defective epidermis. We found that this pigmentation corresponded with p53 activation in keratinocytes and was absent in p53-negative areas of the epidermis. Expression of the kit ligand (Kitl) gene, a p53-controlled mediator of keratinocyte to melanocyte signaling, was enhanced during wound healing or following UV irradiation. This study extends the function of pol ζ to the process of proliferation during wound healing. Rev3l-deficient epidermis may be a useful mouse model system for examining communication between damaged keratinocytes and melanocytes, including signaling relevant to human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine S Lange
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Smithville, Texas, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Sarita Bhetawal
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Smithville, Texas, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Shelley Reh
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Smithville, Texas, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Katherine Leslie Powell
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Smithville, Texas, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Donna F Kusewitt
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Smithville, Texas, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| | - Richard D Wood
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Smithville, Texas, P.O. Box 389, Smithville, TX, 78957, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hertig V, Tardif K, Meus MA, Duquette N, Villeneuve L, Toussaint F, Ledoux J, Calderone A. Nestin expression is upregulated in the fibrotic rat heart and is localized in collagen-expressing mesenchymal cells and interstitial CD31(+)- cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176147. [PMID: 28448522 PMCID: PMC5407835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal and lung fibrosis was characterized by the accumulation of collagen-immunoreactive mesenchymal cells expressing the intermediate filament protein nestin. The present study tested the hypothesis that nestin expression was increased in the hypertrophied/fibrotic left ventricle of suprarenal abdominal aorta constricted adult male Sprague-Dawley rats and induced in ventricular fibroblasts by pro-fibrotic peptide growth factors. Nestin protein levels were upregulated in the pressure-overloaded left ventricle and expression positively correlated with the rise of mean arterial pressure. In sham and pressure-overloaded hearts, nestin immunoreactivity was detected in collagen type I(+)-and CD31(+)-cells identified in the interstitium and perivascular region whereas staining was absent in smooth muscle α-actin(+)-cells. A significantly greater number of collagen type I(+)-cells co-expressing nestin was identified in the left ventricle of pressure-overloaded rats. Moreover, an accumulation of nestin(+)-cells lacking collagen, CD31 and smooth muscle α-actin staining was selectively observed at the adventitial region of predominantly large calibre blood vessels in the hypertrophied/fibrotic left ventricle. Angiotensin II and TGF-β1 stimulation of ventricular fibroblasts increased nestin protein levels via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase- and protein kinase C/SMAD3-dependent pathways, respectively. CD31/eNOS(+)-rat cardiac microvascular endothelial cells synthesized/secreted collagen type I, expressed prolyl 4-hydroxylase and TGF-β1 induced nestin expression. The selective accumulation of adventitial nestin(+)-cells highlighted a novel feature of large vessel remodelling in the pressure-overloaded heart and increased appearance of collagen type I/nestin(+)-cells may reflect an activated phenotype of ventricular fibroblasts. CD31/collagen/nestin(+)-interstitial cells could represent displaced endothelial cells displaying an unmasked mesenchymal phenotype, albeit contribution to the reactive fibrotic response of the pressure-overloaded heart remains unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Hertig
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kim Tardif
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Andre Meus
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Natacha Duquette
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Louis Villeneuve
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Fanny Toussaint
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Québec, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jonathan Ledoux
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Québec, Montréal, Canada
| | - Angelino Calderone
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Montréal, Québec, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate activates hair follicle melanocytes for hair pigmentation via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cell Tissue Res 2016; 366:329-340. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
5
|
SCF/c-kit signaling is required in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced migration and differentiation of hair follicle melanocytes for epidermal pigmentation. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:333-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-2101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Hathaway JD, Haque A. Insights into the Role of PAX-3 in the Development of Melanocytes and Melanoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 4:1-6. [PMID: 24790680 DOI: 10.2174/1874079001104010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer in the United States with an increasing prevalence. However, the development of melanoma from a melanocyte precursor is still poorly defined. Understanding the molecules responsible for melanoma progression may lead to improved targeted therapy. One potential molecule is the paired box-3 (PAX-3) protein, which has been implicated in the development of melanocytes and malignant melanoma. In melanoma, the expression of PAX-3 is believed to be differentially regulated, and has been linked with malignancies and staging of the disease. The loss of PAX-3 regulation has also been associated with the loss of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) activity, but its effect on PAX-3 in differentiated melanocytes as well as metastatic melanoma remains unclear. Understanding PAX-3 regulation could potentially shift melanoma to a less aggressive and less metastatic disease. This review summarizes our current knowledge on PAX-3 during melanocyte development, its regulation, and its implications in the development of novel chemo-immunotherapeutics against metastatic melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Diann Hathaway
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Charles Darby Children's Research Institute, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Azizul Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Charles Darby Children's Research Institute, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lasfar A, Cohen-Solal KA. Resistance to transforming growth factor β-mediated tumor suppression in melanoma: are multiple mechanisms in place? Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1710-7. [PMID: 20656791 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to transforming growth factor (TGF) β-mediated tumor suppression in melanoma appears to be a crucial step in tumor aggressiveness since it is usually coupled with the ability of TGFβ to drive the oncogenic process via autocrine and paracrine effects. In this review, we will focus mainly on the mechanisms of escape from TGFβ-induced cell cycle arrest because the mechanisms of resistance to TGFβ-mediated apoptosis are still essentially speculative. As expected, some of these mechanisms can directly affect the function of the main downstream effectors of TGFβ, Smad2 and Smad3, resulting in compromised Smad-mediated antiproliferative activity. Other mechanisms can counteract or overcome TGFβ-mediated cell cycle arrest independently of the Smads. In melanoma, some models of resistance to TGFβ have been suggested and will be described. In addition, we propose additional models of resistance taking into consideration the information available on the dysregulation of fundamental cellular effectors and signaling pathways in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, University Hospital Cancer Center, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Czajkowski R, Pokrywczynska M, Placek W, Zegarska B, Tadrowski T, Drewa T. Transplantation of cultured autologous melanocytes: hope or danger? Cell Transplant 2010; 19:639-43. [PMID: 20350353 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x491798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured human melanocytes are increasingly being used in the treatment of vitiligo. The growth media contain various types of mitogenic factors, both recombinant human (e.g., rhbFGF and rhSCF) and synthetic (e.g., TPA). High concentrations of mitogenic factors accelerate the cell cycle, and consequently may increase the risk of carcinogenesis of transplanted cells. Mutations of genes of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway are very often found in the early stages of the development of melanoma. TPA is considered to be an oncogenic factor, but so far there is no evidence to show that it is responsible for damage to the genetic material of cultured melanocytes. The aim of our study was to assess the risk of the development of mutations in selected genes of the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway during the culturing of melanocytes in various growth media. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that TPA and high concentrations of other growth factors intensify the proliferation of melanocytes, without the risk of damage to the HRAS (exon 1 and 2), KRAS (exon 1 and 2), NRAS (exon 1 and 2), and BRAF (exon 11 and 15) genes. In order to assess the total safety of the transplantation of cultured melanocytes, it is necessary to carry out further studies on other signaling pathways as well as carry out biological tests on an animal model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Czajkowski
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Voris JP, Sitailo LA, Rahn HR, Defnet A, Gerds AT, Sprague R, Yadav V, Caroline Le Poole I, Denning MF. Functional alterations in protein kinase C beta II expression in melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2009; 23:216-24. [PMID: 20015121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2009.00664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a heterogeneous family of serine/threonine protein kinases that have different biological effects in normal and neoplastic melanocytes (MCs). To explore the mechanism behind their differential response to PKC activation, we analyzed the expression profile of all nine PKC isoforms in normal human MCs, HPV16 E6/E7 immortalized MCs, and a panel of melanoma cell lines. We found reduced PKCbeta and increased PKCzeta and PKCiota expression at both the protein and mRNA levels in immortalized MCs and melanoma lines. We focused on PKCbeta as it has been functionally linked to melanin production and oxidative stress response. Re-expression of PKCbeta in melanoma cells inhibited colony formation in soft agar, indicating that PKCbeta loss in melanoma is important for melanoma growth. PKCbetaII, but not PKCbetaI, was localized to the mitochondria, and inhibition of PKCbeta significantly reduced UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in MCs with high PKCbeta expression. Thus alterations in PKCbeta expression in melanoma contribute to their neoplastic phenotype, possibly by reducing oxidative stress, and may constitute a selective therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Voris
- The Oncology Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Production of the Soluble Form of KIT, s-KIT, Abolishes Stem Cell Factor-Induced Melanogenesis in Human Melanocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2008; 128:1763-72. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|