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Darbinian N, Darbinyan A, Merabova N, Kassem M, Tatevosian G, Amini S, Goetzl L, Selzer ME. In utero ethanol exposure induces mitochondrial DNA damage and inhibits mtDNA repair in developing brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1214958. [PMID: 37621718 PMCID: PMC10444992 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1214958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mitochondrial dysfunction is postulated to be a central event in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). People with the most severe form of FASD, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) are estimated to live only 34 years (95% confidence interval, 31 to 37 years), and adults who were born with any form of FASD often develop early aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage, hallmarks of aging, are postulated central events in FASD. Ethanol (EtOH) can cause mtDNA damage, consequent increased oxidative stress, and changes in the mtDNA repair protein 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1). Studies of molecular mechanisms are limited by the absence of suitable human models and non-invasive tools. Methods We compared human and rat EtOH-exposed fetal brain tissues and neuronal cultures, and fetal brain-derived exosomes (FB-Es) from maternal blood. Rat FASD was induced by administering a 6.7% alcohol liquid diet to pregnant dams. Human fetal (11-21 weeks) brain tissue was collected and characterized by maternal self-reported EtOH use. mtDNA was amplified by qPCR. OGG1 and Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mRNAs were assayed by qRT-PCR. Exosomal OGG1 was measured by ddPCR. Results Maternal EtOH exposure increased mtDNA damage in fetal brain tissue and FB-Es. The damaged mtDNA in FB-Es correlated highly with small eye diameter, an anatomical hallmark of FASD. OGG1-mediated mtDNA repair was inhibited in EtOH-exposed fetal brain tissues. IGF-1 rescued neurons from EtOH-mediated mtDNA damage and OGG1 inhibition. Conclusion The correlation between mtDNA damage and small eye size suggests that the amount of damaged mtDNA in FB-E may serve as a marker to predict which at risk fetuses will be born with FASD. Moreover, IGF-1 might reduce EtOH-caused mtDNA damage and neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nune Darbinian
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Armine Darbinyan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Nana Merabova
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Medical College of Wisconsin-Prevea Health, Green Bay, WI, United States
| | - Myrna Kassem
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gabriel Tatevosian
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Shohreh Amini
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Laura Goetzl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael E. Selzer
- Center for Neural Repair and Rehabilitation (Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center), Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Darbinian N, Darbinyan A, Khalili K, Amini S. Fetal Brain Injury Models of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Examination of Neuronal Morphologic Condition Using Sholl Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2311:195-201. [PMID: 34033088 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1437-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The lack of a convenient in vitro human neuronal model to study alcohol-induced neurodegenerative diseases, such as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), prompted us to develop human neuronal culture and in vitro human FAS model by incubating cells with physiologically relevant EtOH concentration (50 mM). Here, we describe the detailed method of isolation of human neuronal culture, and ability to analyze neurites extension using Sholl assay. We utilized highly efficient transfection method of neuronal cells to study morphology of neurons with or without EtOH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nune Darbinian
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Armine Darbinyan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kamel Khalili
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shohreh Amini
- Department of Biology, College of Science & Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Song F, Liu T, Meng S, Li F, Zhang Y, Jiang L. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Alleviates Expression of Aβ 1-40 and α-, β-, and γ-Secretases in the Cortex and Hippocampus of APP/PS1 Double Transgenic Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:595-603. [PMID: 30414017 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To examine the effect of subcutaneous injection of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on the expression of the amyloid protein (Aβ1-40), α-secretase (ADAM10), β-secretase (BACE1), and γ-secretase (PS1) in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. APP/PS1 double transgenic mice and wild-type mice were divided into wild-type group, wild-type therapy group, transgenome group, and transgenic therapy group. Subcutaneous injection of IGF-1 (50 μg/kg day) was administered once daily to the wild-type therapy group and transgenic therapy group for 8 weeks, respectively. The expression of the Aβ1-40 in the cortex and hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry 8 weeks after administration. The levels of Aβ1-40, DAM10, BACE1, and PS1 were analysed by Western blot. The expression of the Aβ1-40 in the cortex of the gene therapy group was significantly lower than that of the transgenome group (p < 0.05). In APP/PS1 double transgenic mice, BACE1 expression was markedly higher in both the hippocampus (p < 0.001, p = 0.00009) and the cortex (p = 0.001), compared to that of the wild-type mice. The treatment of IGF-1 markedly reduced ADAM10 expression in the hippocampus in both transgenic mice and wild-type mice (p < 0.05), whereas the treatment mainly decreased BACE1 expression in transgenic mice but not in the wild-type mice (p < 0.05). No significant differences in PS1 levels were detected in all groups. IGF decreased Aβ1-40 over-expression in the cortex and hippocampus and might inhibit the damage induced by Aβ1-40 in APP/PS1 double transgenic mice. Our study suggests that IGF-1 should inhibit Aβ production through α-secretase and β-secretase but not γ-secretase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Song
- Department of Geriatric, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Geriatric, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Songyan Meng
- Department of Geriatric, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengqing Li
- Department of Geriatric, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yina Zhang
- Department of Geriatric, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lihong Jiang
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Zhu X, Li X, Zhu M, Xu K, Yang L, Han B, Huang R, Zhang A, Yao H. Metalloprotease Adam10 suppresses epilepsy through repression of hippocampal neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:221. [PMID: 30075790 PMCID: PMC6091106 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mice with pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are characterized by intense hippocampal neuroinflammation, a prominent pathological hallmark of TLE that is known to contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability. Recent studies indicate that Adam10, a member of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (Adam) family, has been involved in the neuroinflammation response. However, it remains unclear whether and how Adam10 modulates neuroinflammation responses in the context of an epileptic brain or whether Adam10 affects epileptogenesis via the neuroinflammation pathway. Methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine to induce TLE. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors carrying Adam10 (AAV-Adam10) or lentiviral vectors carrying short hairpin RNA, which is specific to the mouse Adam10 mRNA (shRNA-Adam10), were bilaterally injected into the hippocampus to induce overexpression or knockdown of Adam10, respectively. The specific anti-inflammatory agent minocycline was administered following status epilepticus (SE) to block hippocampal neuroinflammation. Continuous video EEG recording was performed to analyze epileptic behavior. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and ELISA were performed to determine Adam10 expression as well as hippocampal neuroinflammation. Results In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of Adam10 in the hippocampus suppresses neuroinflammation and reduces seizure activity in TLE mice, whereas knockdown of Adam10 exacerbates hippocampal neuroinflammation and increases seizure activity. Furthermore, increased seizure activity in Adam10 knockdown TLE mice is dependent on hippocampal neuroinflammation. Conclusion These results suggest that Adam10 suppresses epilepsy through repression of hippocampal neuroinflammation. Our findings provide new insights into the Adam10 regulation of development of epilepsy via the neuroinflammation pathway and identify a potential therapeutic target for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87th, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87th, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kangni Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87th, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87th, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87th, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87th, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Aifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Dingjiaqiao 87th, Nanjing, 210009, China
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O'Sullivan SA, Gasparini F, Mir AK, Dev KK. Fractalkine shedding is mediated by p38 and the ADAM10 protease under pro-inflammatory conditions in human astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:189. [PMID: 27549131 PMCID: PMC4994207 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0659-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The fractalkine (CX3CR1) ligand is expressed in astrocytes and reported to be neuroprotective. When cleaved from the membrane, soluble fractalkine (sCX3CL1) activates the receptor CX3CR1. Although somewhat controversial, CX3CR1 is reported to be expressed in neurons and microglia. The membrane-bound form of CX3CL1 additionally acts as an adhesion molecule for microglia and infiltrating white blood cells. Much research has been done on the role of fractalkine in neuronal cells; however, little is known about the regulation of the CX3CL1 ligand in astrocytes. Methods The mechanisms involved in the up-regulation and cleavage of CX3CL1 from human astrocytes were investigated using immunocytochemistry, Q-PCR and ELISA. All statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 5. Results A combination of ADAM17 (TACE) and ADAM10 protease inhibitors was found to attenuate IL-1β-, TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced sCX3CL1 levels in astrocytes. A specific ADAM10 (but not ADAM17) inhibitor also attenuated these effects, suggesting ADAM10 proteases induce release of sCX3CL1 from stimulated human astrocytes. A p38 MAPK inhibitor also attenuated the levels of sCX3CL1 upon treatment with IL-1β, TNF-α or IFN-γ. In addition, an IKKβ inhibitor significantly reduced the levels of sCX3CL1 induced by IL-1β or TNF-α in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting a role for the NF-kB pathway. Conclusions In conclusion, this study shows that the release of soluble astrocytic fractalkine is regulated by ADAM10 proteases with p38 MAPK also playing a role in the fractalkine shedding event. These findings are important for understanding the role of CX3CL1 in healthy and stimulated astrocytes and may benefit our understanding of this pathway in neuro-inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0659-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinead A O'Sullivan
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fabrizio Gasparini
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anis K Mir
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kumlesh K Dev
- Drug Development, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Dearden L, Ozanne SE. Early life origins of metabolic disease: Developmental programming of hypothalamic pathways controlling energy homeostasis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 39:3-16. [PMID: 26296796 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of animal and human studies demonstrate that perinatal exposure to adverse metabolic conditions - be it maternal obesity, diabetes or under-nutrition - results in predisposition of offspring to develop obesity later in life. This mechanism is a contributing factor to the exponential rise in obesity rates. Increased weight gain in offspring exposed to maternal obesity is usually associated with hyperphagia, implicating altered central regulation of energy homeostasis as an underlying cause. Perinatal development of the hypothalamus (a brain region key to metabolic regulation) is plastic and sensitive to metabolic signals during this critical time window. Recent research in non-human primate and rodent models has demonstrated that exposure to adverse maternal environments impairs the development of hypothalamic structure and consequently function, potentially underpinning metabolic phenotypes in later life. This review summarizes our current knowledge of how adverse perinatal environments program hypothalamic development and explores the mechanisms that could mediate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dearden
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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