PTPH1 immunohistochemical expression and promoter methylation in breast cancer patients from India: A retrospective study

A synergy of estradiol with leptin modulates the long non-coding RNA NEAT1/ mmu-miR-204-5p/IGF1 axis in the uterus of high-fat-diet-induced obese ovariectomized mice

Obesity increases the risk of developing cancers for both males and females. This study investigated potential crosstalk between estradiol and leptin signaling pathways within the endometrium of high-fat-diet-induced obese ovariectomized mice to gain insight into possible links between obesity and endometrial cancer. We administered 17-β estradiol (0.2 μg/mouse subcutaneously) and/or recombinant mouse leptin (1 μg/g Bwt intraperitoneally.,) for 20 h to high-fat-diet-induced obese ovariectomized mice. The uterine tissues of experimental animals after treatments were studied by histological, immunohistochemical, quantitative real-time PCR (gene/miRNAs), and methylation-specific PCR analyses. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed significantly increased expression of Cyclin d1, Esr1, Igf1, Igfbp2, Vegf, Oct4, and Pgr after estradiol and leptin co-treatment. Methylation-specific PCR results indicated that the hormonal dependent transcriptional regulation of Vegf, Igf1, and Pgr is independent of promoter methylation. The decreased expression of mmu- miR-204-5p after estradiol and leptin treatments correlated with the increased expression of long non-coding RNA Neat1. Insilico analysis confirmed the interaction of Neat1 and mmu- miR-204-5p and gene targets of mmu-miR-204-5p, including Igf1 were analyzed in this study. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed subcellular localization and increased expression of ESR, VEGF, phospho-Estrogen Receptor-α (pTyr537), and LEPR proteins following estradiol and leptin exposure. Overall, the data from our in vivo studies suggest the regulation of Neat1-mmu-miR-204-5p- Igf1 axis and associated gene expression changes in uterine tissue after estradiol and leptin co-treatment. In humans, long-term exposure to estradiol and leptin can alter endometrial homeostasis through the NEAT1-miR-204-5p-Igf1 axis and favor carcinogenic pathways, which provide mechanistic insight into the obesity-associated endometrial cancer.

The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 1 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 based on tumor location affect survival in gastric cancer

To investigate the different expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in gastric cancer based on tumor locations and its impact on patients survival.Gastric cancer is heterogeneous disease, recent years have established a molecular classification and described distribution of molecular subtypes in stomach. However, the difference of EGFR and HER-2 expression among tumor location is still unknown.Between January 2010 and August 2014, 2477 consecutive patients with gastric cancer were treated in our surgery department. The tumor locations were classified into 4 groups: cardia, fundus, corpus, and antrum. Based on tumor locations, the clinicopathologic characteristics, EGFR and HER-2 expression, and follow-up data were analyzed by univariant analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis retrospectively.There were difference of gender, age, Borrmann type, pathological type, differentiation, T-stage, tumor size, gastrectomy method, and complications among the locations. The positive rate of EGFR expression in fundus was 18.18%, which was lower than cardia (46.21%), corpus (43.62%), and antrum (48.83%) (P < .001). The 5-year survival rate in EGFR positive patients was 50.8%, which was significantly lower than EGFR negative patients (64.0%, P = .021). The positive rate of HER-2 expression in cardia was 48.15%, which was significantly higher than fundus (37.5%), corpus (35.45%), and antrum (38.54%) (P = .009), but HER-2 expression did not correlate with 5-year survive (P = .548).Our results suggest that there exist difference of EGFR and HER-2 expression based on tumor locations, and the distribution of EGFR impact on patients survival. Emphasizing the role of EGFR and HER-2 in the context of location contribute to make appropriate treatment strategy and improve prognosis of gastric cancer.