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Nagayach A, Bhaskar R, Ghosh S, Singh KK, Han SS, Sinha JK. Advancing the understanding of diabetic encephalopathy through unravelling pathogenesis and exploring future treatment perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102450. [PMID: 39134179 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE), a significant micro-complication of diabetes, manifests as neurochemical, structural, behavioral, and cognitive alterations. This condition is especially dangerous for the elderly because aging raises the risk of neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive impairment, both of which can be made worse by diabetes. Despite its severity, diagnosis of this disease is challenging, and there is a paucity of information on its pathogenesis. The pivotal roles of various cellular pathways, activated or influenced by hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity, amyloid accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, brain vasculopathy, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, are widely recognized for contributing to the potential causes of diabetic encephalopathy. We also reviewed current pharmacological strategies for DE encompassing a comprehensive approach targeting metabolic dysregulations and neurological manifestations. Antioxidant-based therapies hold promise in mitigating oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage, while anti-diabetic drugs offer neuroprotective effects through diverse mechanisms, including modulation of insulin signaling pathways and neuroinflammation. Additionally, tissue engineering and nanomedicine-based approaches present innovative strategies for targeted drug delivery and regenerative therapies for DE. Despite significant progress, challenges remain in translating these therapeutic interventions into clinical practice, including long-term safety, scalability, and regulatory approval. Further research is warranted to optimize these approaches and address remaining gaps in the management of DE and associated neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Nagayach
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Shampa Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301 India
| | - Krishna Kumar Singh
- Symbiosis Centre for Information Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Rajiv Gandhi InfoTech Park, Hinjawadi, Pune, Maharashtra 411057, India
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
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2
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Luo Y, Yu P, Liu J. The efficiency of stem cell differentiation into functional beta cells for treating insulin-requiring diabetes: Recent advances and current challenges. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03855-8. [PMID: 38730069 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the potential of stem cells (SCs) to differentiate into various types of cells, including β-cells, has led to a significant boost in development. The efficiency of this differentiation process and the functionality of the cells post-transplantation are crucial factors for the success of stem cell therapy in diabetes. Herein, this article reviews the current advances and challenges faced by stem cell differentiation into functional β-cells for diabetes treatment. In vitro, researchers have sought to enhance the differentiation efficiency of functional β-cells by mimicking the normal pancreatic development process, using gene manipulation, pharmacological and culture conditions stimulation, three-dimensional (3D) and organoid culture, or sorting for functional β-cells based on mature islet cell markers. Furthermore, in vivo studies have also looked at suitable transplantation sites, the enhancement of the transplantation microenvironment, immune modulation, and vascular function reconstruction to improve the survival rate of functional β-cells, thereby enhancing the treatment of diabetes. Despite these advancements, developing stem cells to produce functional β-cells for efficacious diabetes treatment is a continuous research endeavor requiring significant multidisciplinary collaboration, for the stem-cell-derived beta cells to evolve into an effective cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Wu Y, Xu X, Liu F, Jing Z, Shen D, He P, Chen T, Wu T, Jia H, Mo D, Li Y, Zhang H, Yang S. Three-Dimensional Matrix Stiffness Activates the Piezo1-AMPK-Autophagy Axis to Regulate the Cellular Osteogenic Differentiation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4735-4746. [PMID: 37428711 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is a key stimulus affecting cellular differentiation, and osteoblasts are also in a three-dimensional (3D) stiff environment during the formation of bone tissues. However, it remains unclear how cells perceive matrix mechanical stiffness stimuli and translate them into intracellular signals to affect differentiation. Here, for the first time, we constructed a 3D culture environment by GelMA hydrogels with different amino substitution degrees and found that Piezo1 expression was significantly stimulated by the stiff matrix with high substitution; meanwhile, the expressions of osteogenic markers OSX, RUNX2, and ALP were also observably improved. Moreover, knockdown of Piezo1 in the stiff matrix revealed significant reduction of the abovementioned osteogenic markers. In addition, in this 3D biomimetic ECM, we also observed that Piezo1 can be activated by the static mechanical conditions of the stiff matrix, leading to the increase of the intracellular calcium content and accompanied with a continuous change in cellular energy levels as ATP was consumed during cellular differentiation. More surprisingly, we found that in the 3D stiff matrix, intracellular calcium as a second messenger promoted the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and unc-51-like autophagy-activated kinase 1 (ULK1) axis and modestly modulated the level of autophagy, bringing it more similar to differentiated osteoblasts, with increased ATP energy metabolism consumption. Our study innovatively clarifies the regulatory role of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in a static mechanical environment on cellular differentiation and verifies the activation of the AMPK-ULK1 axis in the cellular ATP energy metabolism and autophagy level. Collectively, our research develops the understanding of the interaction mechanisms of biomimetic extracellular matrix biomaterials and cells from a novel perspective and provides a theoretical basis for bone regeneration biomaterials design and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Wu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zheng Jing
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Danfeng Shen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping He
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tianli Wu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hengji Jia
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dingqiang Mo
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuzhou Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
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Ahmadi SF, Mansour RN, Hassannia H, Enderami SE, Abediankenari S, Hosseini-Khah Z. Generation of glucose sensitive insulin-secreting cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells on optimized polyethersulfone hybrid nanofibrous scaffold. Artif Organs 2023; 47:502-511. [PMID: 36287200 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the realm of diabetes treatment, various strategies have been tried, including islet transplantation and common drug therapies, but the limitations of these procedures and lack of responsive to the high number of patients have prompted researchers to develop a new method. In recent decades, the use of stem cells and three-dimonsional (3D) scaffold to produce insulin-secreting cells is one of the most promising new approaches. Meanwhile, human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) propose due to advantages such as autologousness and high pluripotency in cell therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the differentiation of iPSCs into pancreatic islet insuli-producing cells (IPCs) on Silk/PES (polyethersulfone) nanofibers as a 3D scaffold and compare it with a two-dimonsional (2D) cultured group. METHODS Investigating the functional, morphological, molecular, and cellular characteristics of differentiated iPSCs on control cultures (without differentiation medium), 2D and 3D were measured by various methods such as electron microscopy, Q-PCR, immunofluorescence, western blot, and ELISA. RESULTS This investigation revealed that differentiated cells on the 3D Silk/PES scaffold expressed pancreatic specific-markers such as insulin and pdx1 at higher levels than the control and 2D groups, with a significant difference between the two groups. All results of Q-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and western blot showed that IPCs in the silk/PES 3D group was more efficient than in the 2D group. In the face of these cases, the release of insulin and C-peptide in response to several concentrations of glucose in the 3D group was significantly higher than in the 2D culture. CONCLUSION Finally, our findings displayed that optimized Silk/PES 3D scaffolds can enhance the differentiation of IPCs from iPSCs compared to the 2D culture group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Hassannia
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseini-Khah
- Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Hashemi J, Barati G, Bibak B. Decellularized Matrix Bioscaffolds: Implementation of Native Microenvironment in Pancreatic Tissue Engineering. Pancreas 2021; 50:942-951. [PMID: 34643609 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease, and its incidence is usually estimated in the range of 5% to 10%. Currently, the administration of exogenous insulin is the standard of care therapy. However, this therapy is not effective in some patients who may develop some chronic complications. Islet transplantation into the liver is another therapy with promising outcomes; however, the long-term efficacy of this therapeutic option is limited to a small number of patients. Because native extracellular matrix (ECM) components provide a suitable microenvironment for islet functions, engineering a 3-dimensional construct that recapitulates the native pancreatic environment could address these obstacles. Many attempts have been conducted to mimic an in vivo microenvironment to increase the survival of islets or islet-like clusters. With the advent of decellularization technology, it is possible to use a native ECM in organ engineering. Pancreatic decellularized bioscaffold provides proper cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions and retains growth factors that are critical in the determination of cell fate within a native organ. This review summarizes the current knowledge of decellularized matrix technology and addresses its possible limitations before use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Hashemi
- From the Department of Pathobiology and Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd
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Dai P, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang L, Zhang X, Wang J, Qi G, Zhang Y. Novel Functional Genes Involved in Transdifferentiation of Canine ADMSCs Into Insulin-Producing Cells, as Determined by Absolute Quantitative Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:685494. [PMID: 34262902 PMCID: PMC8273515 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.685494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transdifferentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) is a potential resource for the treatment of diabetes. However, the changes of genes and metabolic pathways on the transdifferentiation of ADMSCs into IPCs are largely unknown. In this study, the transdifferentiation of canine ADMSCs into IPCs was completed using five types of procedures. Absolute Quantitative Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis was performed at different stages of the optimal procedure. A total of 60,151 transcripts were obtained. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were divided into five groups: IPC1 vs. ADSC (1169 upregulated genes and 1377 downregulated genes), IPC2 vs. IPC1 (1323 upregulated genes and 803 downregulated genes), IPC3 vs. IPC2 (722 upregulated genes and 680 downregulated genes), IPC4 vs. IPC3 (539 upregulated genes and 1561 downregulated genes), and Beta_cell vs. IPC4 (2816 upregulated genes and 4571 downregulated genes). The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of DEGs revealed that many genes and signaling pathways that are essential for transdifferentiation. Hnf1B, Dll1, Pbx1, Rfx3, and Foxa1 were screened out, and the functions of five genes were verified further by overexpression and silence. Foxa1, Pbx1, and Rfx3 exhibited significant effects, can be used as specific key regulatory factors in the transdifferentiation of ADMSCs into IPCs. This study provides a foundation for future work to understand the mechanisms of the transdifferentiation of ADMSCs into IPCs and acquire IPCs with high maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiu Dai
- Shaanxi Branch of National Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiakai Li
- Shaanxi Branch of National Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- Shaanxi Branch of National Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Luwen Zhang
- Shaanxi Branch of National Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Shaanxi Branch of National Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jinglu Wang
- Shaanxi Branch of National Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guixiang Qi
- Shaanxi Branch of National Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- Shaanxi Branch of National Stem Cell Engineering and Technology Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Generation of high yield insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from various sources of stem cells. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:235-268. [PMID: 33752820 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus occurs when beta cell mass is reduced to less than 20% of the normal level due to immune system destruction of beta cell resulting in an inability to secrete enough insulin. The prevalence of diabetes is expanding according to the American Diabetes Association and the World Health Organization (WHO), foretold to exceed 350 million by 2030. The current treatment does not cure many of the serious complications associated with the disease such as neuropathy, nephropathy, dyslipidemia, retinopathy and cardiovascular disease. Whole pancreas or isolated pancreatic islet transplantation as an alternative therapy can prevent or reduce some of the complications of diabetes. However, the shortage of matched organ or islets cells donor and alloimmune responses limit this therapeutic strategy. Recently, several reports have raised extremely promising results to use different sources of stem cells to differentiate insulin-producing cells and focus on the expansion of these alternative sources. Stem cells, due to their potential for multiple differentiation and self-renewal can differentiate into all cell types, including insulin-producing cells (IPCs). Generation of new beta cells can be achieved from various stem cell sources, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Thus, this chapter discusses on the assistance of cellular reprogramming of various stem cells as candidates for the generation of IPCs using transcription factors/miRNA, cytokines/small molecules and tissue engineering.
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Arroyave F, Montaño D, Lizcano F. Diabetes Mellitus Is a Chronic Disease that Can Benefit from Therapy with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228685. [PMID: 33217903 PMCID: PMC7698772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, with an increasing incidence worldwide. The impact of DM on public health in developing countries has triggered alarm due to the exaggerated costs of the treatment and monitoring of patients with this disease. Considerable efforts have been made to try to prevent the onset and reduce the complications of DM. However, because insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells progressively deteriorate, many people must receive insulin through subcutaneous injection. Additionally, current therapies do not have consistent results regarding the prevention of chronic complications. Leveraging the approval of real-time continuous glucose monitors and sophisticated algorithms that partially automate insulin infusion pumps has improved glycemic control, decreasing the burden of diabetes management. However, these advances are facing physiologic barriers. New findings in molecular and cellular biology have produced an extraordinary advancement in tissue development for the treatment of DM. Obtaining pancreatic β-cells from somatic cells is a great resource that currently exists for patients with DM. Although this therapeutic option has great prospects for patients, some challenges remain for this therapeutic plan to be used clinically. The purpose of this review is to describe the new techniques in cell biology and regenerative medicine as possible treatments for DM. In particular, this review highlights the origin of induced pluripotent cells (iPSCs) and how they have begun to emerge as a regenerative treatment that may mitigate the pathology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Arroyave
- Doctoral Program in Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250008, CU, Colombia;
| | - Diana Montaño
- Center of Biomedical Investigation (CIBUS), Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250008, CU, Colombia;
| | - Fernando Lizcano
- Doctoral Program in Biosciences, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250008, CU, Colombia;
- Center of Biomedical Investigation (CIBUS), Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250008, CU, Colombia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-3144120052 or +57-18615555 (ext. 23906)
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Saito Y, Ikemoto T, Morine Y, Shimada M. Current status of hepatocyte-like cell therapy from stem cells. Surg Today 2020; 51:340-349. [PMID: 32754843 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-02092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organ liver transplantation and hepatocyte transplantation are not performed to their full potential because of donor shortage, which could be resolved by identifying new donor sources for the development of hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). HLCs have been differentiated from some stem cell sources as alternative primary hepatocytes throughout the world; however, the currently available techniques cannot differentiate HLCs to the level of normal adult primary hepatocytes. The outstanding questions are as follows: which stem cells are the best cell sources? which protocol is the best way to differentiate them into HLCs? what is the definition of differentiated HLCs? how can we enforce the function of HLCs? what is the difference between HLCs and primary hepatocytes? what are the problems with HLC transplantation? This review summarizes the current status of HLCs, focusing on stem cell sources, the differentiation protocol for HLCs, the general characterization of HLCs, the generation of more functional HLCs, comparison with primary hepatocytes, and HLCs in cell-transplantation-based liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
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