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Simonson M, Cueff G, Thibaut MM, Giraudet C, Salles J, Chambon C, Boirie Y, Bindels LB, Gueugneau M, Guillet C. Skeletal Muscle Proteome Modifications following Antibiotic-Induced Microbial Disturbances in Cancer Cachexia. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:2452-2473. [PMID: 38965921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is an involuntary loss of body weight, mostly of skeletal muscle. Previous research favors the existence of a microbiota-muscle crosstalk, so the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of microbiota alterations induced by antibiotics on skeletal muscle proteins expression. Skeletal muscle proteome changes were investigated in control (CT) or C26 cachectic mice (C26) with or without antibiotic treatment (CT-ATB or C26-ATB, n = 8 per group). Muscle protein extracts were divided into a sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar fraction and then underwent label-free liquid chromatography separation, mass spectrometry analysis, Mascot protein identification, and METASCAPE platform data analysis. In C26 mice, the atrogen mafbx expression was 353% higher than CT mice and 42.3% higher than C26-ATB mice. No effect on the muscle protein synthesis was observed. Proteomic analyses revealed a strong effect of antibiotics on skeletal muscle proteome outside of cachexia, with adaptative processes involved in protein folding, growth, energy metabolism, and muscle contraction. In C26-ATB mice, proteome adaptations observed in CT-ATB mice were blunted. Differentially expressed proteins were involved in other processes like glucose metabolism, oxidative stress response, and proteolysis. This study confirms the existence of a microbiota-muscle axis, with a muscle response after antibiotics that varies depending on whether cachexia is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Simonson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Gwendal Cueff
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Morgane M Thibaut
- MNUT Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, LDRI, Avenue Mounier 73/B1.73.11, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Christophe Giraudet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Jérôme Salles
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Christophe Chambon
- Animal Products Quality Unit (QuaPA), INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand 63122, France
- Metabolomic and Proteomic Exploration Facility, Clermont Auvergne University, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand 63122, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrandservice de Nutrition clinique, Université Clermont Auvergne, Service de nutrition clinique, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand. 58, rue Montalember, Cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63003, France
| | - Laure B Bindels
- MNUT Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, LDRI, Avenue Mounier 73/B1.73.11, Brussels 1200, Belgium
- Welbio Department, WEL Research Institute, avenue Pasteur, 6, Wavre 1300, Belgium
| | - Marine Gueugneau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, 28 place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, cedex 1, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France
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2
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Tobias GC, Gomes JLP, Fernandes LG, Voltarelli VA, de Almeida NR, Jannig PR, de Souza RWA, Negrão CE, Oliveira EM, Chammas R, Alves CRR, Brum PC. Aerobic exercise training mitigates tumor growth and cancer-induced splenomegaly through modulation of non-platelet platelet factor 4 expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21970. [PMID: 38081853 PMCID: PMC10713653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training reduces the incidence of several cancers, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. Exercise training can affect the spleen function, which controls the hematopoiesis and immune response. Analyzing different cancer models, we identified that 4T1, LLC, and CT26 tumor-bearing mice displayed enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), and exercise training reduced spleen mass toward control levels in two of these models (LLC and CT26). Exercise training also slowed tumor growth in melanoma B16F10, colon tumor 26 (CT26), and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing mice, with minor effects in mammary carcinoma 4T1, MDA-MB-231, and MMTV-PyMT mice. In silico analyses using transcriptome profiles derived from these models revealed that platelet factor 4 (Pf4) is one of the main upregulated genes associated with splenomegaly during cancer progression. To understand whether exercise training would modulate the expression of these genes in the tumor and spleen, we investigated particularly the CT26 model, which displayed splenomegaly and had a clear response to the exercise training effects. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that trained CT26 tumor-bearing mice had decreased Pf4 mRNA levels in both the tumor and spleen when compared to untrained CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, exercise training specifically decreased Pf4 mRNA levels in the CT26 tumor cells. Aspirin treatment did not change tumor growth, splenomegaly, and tumor Pf4 mRNA levels, confirming that exercise decreased non-platelet Pf4 mRNA levels. Finally, tumor Pf4 mRNA levels are deregulated in The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) samples and predict survival in multiple cancer types. This highlights the potential therapeutic value of exercise as a complementary approach to cancer treatment and underscores the importance of understanding the exercise-induced transcriptional changes in the spleen for the development of novel cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel C Tobias
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - João L P Gomes
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Larissa G Fernandes
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Voltarelli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ney R de Almeida
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rodrigo W Alves de Souza
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Carlos E Negrão
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilamar M Oliveira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christiano R R Alves
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Mello Moraes, 65-Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ling T, Zhang J, Ding F, Ma L. Role of growth differentiation factor 15 in cancer cachexia (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 26:462. [PMID: 37780545 PMCID: PMC10534279 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-β family, is a stress-induced cytokine. Under normal circumstances, the expression of GDF15 is low in most tissues. It is highly expressed during tissue injury, inflammation, oxidative stress and cancer. GDF15 has been established as a biomarker in patients with cancer, and is associated with cancer cachexia (CC) and poor survival. CC is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by severe muscle and adipose tissue atrophy, loss of appetite, anemia and bone loss. Cachexia leads to reductions in quality of life and tolerance to anticancer therapy, and results in a poor prognosis in cancer patients. Dysregulated GDF15 levels have been discovered in patients with CC and animal models, where they have been found to be involved in anorexia and weight loss. Although studies have suggested that GDF15 mediates anorexia and weight loss in CC through its neuroreceptor, glial cell-lineage neurotrophic factor family receptor α-like, the effects of GDF15 on CC and the potential regulatory mechanisms require further elucidation. In the present review, the characteristics of GDF15 and its roles and molecular mechanisms in CC are elaborated. The targeting of GDF15 as a potential therapeutic strategy for CC is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ling
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Fuwan Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Lanlan Ma
- Graduate School, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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Directo D, Lee SR. Cancer Cachexia: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Interventions. Metabolites 2023; 13:1024. [PMID: 37755304 PMCID: PMC10538050 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia, a multifactorial metabolic syndrome developed during malignant tumor growth, is characterized by an accelerated loss of body weight accompanied by the depletion of skeletal muscle mass. This debilitating condition is associated with muscle degradation, impaired immune function, reduced functional capacity, compromised quality of life, and diminished survival in cancer patients. Despite the lack of the known capability of fully reversing or ameliorating this condition, ongoing research is shedding light on promising preclinical approaches that target the disrupted mechanisms in the pathophysiology of cancer cachexia. This comprehensive review delves into critical aspects of cancer cachexia, including its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, preclinical models for studying the progression of cancer cachexia, methods for clinical assessment, relevant biomarkers, and potential therapeutic strategies. These discussions collectively aim to contribute to the evolving foundation for effective, multifaceted counteractive strategies against this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-Rok Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
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Martin A, Gallot YS, Freyssenet D. Molecular mechanisms of cancer cachexia-related loss of skeletal muscle mass: data analysis from preclinical and clinical studies. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:1150-1167. [PMID: 36864755 PMCID: PMC10235899 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a systemic hypoanabolic and catabolic syndrome that diminishes the quality of life of cancer patients, decreases the efficiency of therapeutic strategies and ultimately contributes to decrease their lifespan. The depletion of skeletal muscle compartment, which represents the primary site of protein loss during cancer cachexia, is of very poor prognostic in cancer patients. In this review, we provide an extensive and comparative analysis of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass in human cachectic cancer patients and in animal models of cancer cachexia. We summarize data from preclinical and clinical studies investigating how the protein turnover is regulated in cachectic skeletal muscle and question to what extent the transcriptional and translational capacities, as well as the proteolytic capacity (ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy-lysosome system and calpains) of skeletal muscle are involved in the cachectic syndrome in human and animals. We also wonder how regulatory mechanisms such as insulin/IGF1-AKT-mTOR pathway, endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response, oxidative stress, inflammation (cytokines and downstream IL1ß/TNFα-NF-κB and IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathways), TGF-ß signalling pathways (myostatin/activin A-SMAD2/3 and BMP-SMAD1/5/8 pathways), as well as glucocorticoid signalling, modulate skeletal muscle proteostasis in cachectic cancer patients and animals. Finally, a brief description of the effects of various therapeutic strategies in preclinical models is also provided. Differences in the molecular and biochemical responses of skeletal muscle to cancer cachexia between human and animals (protein turnover rates, regulation of ubiquitin-proteasome system and myostatin/activin A-SMAD2/3 signalling pathways) are highlighted and discussed. Identifying the various and intertwined mechanisms that are deregulated during cancer cachexia and understanding why they are decontrolled will provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of skeletal muscle wasting in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Martin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Univ LyonUniversité Jean Monnet Saint‐EtienneSaint‐Priest‐en‐JarezFrance
| | - Yann S. Gallot
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris SaclayEvryFrance
| | - Damien Freyssenet
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité EA 7424, Univ LyonUniversité Jean Monnet Saint‐EtienneSaint‐Priest‐en‐JarezFrance
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Poetsch MS, Palus S, Van Linthout S, von Haehling S, Doehner W, Coats AJS, Anker SD, Springer J. The small molecule ACM-001 improves cardiac function in a rat model of severe cancer cachexia. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:673-686. [PMID: 36999379 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cachexia, a common manifestation of malignant cancer, is not only associated with weight loss, but also with severe cardiac atrophy and impaired cardiac function. Here, we investigated the effects of ACM-001 (0.3 or 3 mg/kg/day) in comparison to carvedilol (3 or 30 mg/kg/day), metropolol (50 or 100 mg/kg/day), nebivolol (1 or 10 mg/kg/day) and tertatolol (0.5 or 5 mg/kg/day) on cardiac mass and function in a rat cancer cachexia model. METHODS AND RESULTS Young male Wistar Han rats were inoculated i.p. with 108 Yoshida hepatoma AH-130 cells and treated once daily with verum or placebo by gavage. Cardiac function (echocardiography), body weight and body composition (nuclear magnetic resonance scans) were assessed. The hearts of animals were euthanized on day 11 (placebo and 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001) were used for signalling studies. Beta-blockers had no effect on tumour burden. ACM-001 reduced body weight loss (placebo: -34 ± 2.4 g vs. 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001: -14.8 ± 8.4 g, p = 0.033). Lean mass wasting was attenuated (placebo: -16.5 ± 2.34 g vs. 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001: -2.4 ± 6.7 g, p = 0.037), while fat loss was similar (p = 0.4) on day 11. Placebo animals lost left ventricular mass (-101 ± 14 mg), which was prevented only by 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001 (7 ± 25 mg, p < 0.01 vs. placebo). ACM-001 improved the ejection fraction (EF) (ΔEF: placebo: -24.3 ± 2.6 vs. 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001: 0.1 ± 2.9, p < 0.001). Cardiac output was 50% lower in the placebo group (-41 ± 4 ml/min) compared to baseline, while 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001 preserved cardiac output (-5 ± 8 ml/min, p < 0.01). The molecular mechanisms involved inhibition of protein degradation and activation of protein synthesis pathways. CONCLUSION This study shows that 3 mg/kg/day ACM-001 restores the anabolic/catabolic balance in cardiac muscle leading to improved function. Moreover, not all beta-blockers have similar effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike S Poetsch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Palus
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Goettingen (UMG), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Shuaib M, Prajapati KS, Singh AK, Kushwaha PP, Waseem M, Kumar S. Identification of miRNAs and related hub genes associated with the triple negative breast cancer using integrated bioinformatics analysis and in vitro approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11676-11690. [PMID: 34387138 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1961869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype generally associated with younger women. Due to the lack of suitable drugable targets in TNBC, the microRNAs are considered as a better hope as therapeutic agents for the management of the disease. In this study, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and associated hub genes in TNBC microarray data (GSE38167, GSE60714, and GSE10833) using bioinformatics tools. The identified miRNAs and genes were validated in the TNBC cell line model (MDA-MB-231) compared with the normal breast cells (MCF-10A) using the qRT-PCR technique. False-positive DEMs were avoided by comparing the DEMs profile of TNBC and triple positive breast cancer (TPBC) cell line model (BT474) compared with the MCF-10A cells data. In addition, we studied the effect of anticancer phytochemicals on the differential expression of miRNAs and genes in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, target predictions, functional enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis, mutation and copy number alterations, and overall survival analysis of DEMs in TNBC sample was investigated using standard computational tools. The study identifies first time the association of hsa-miR-1250, has-miR-1273, and has-miR-635 with the TNBC. DEMs showed significant association with the Wnt, ErbB, PI3-Akt and cAMP signaling pathways having clinical implications in TNBC tumorigenesis. The DEMs and hub genes (HOXC6 and ACVR2B) showed survival disadvantages in TNBC patients. In summary, the identified miRNAs and hub genes show important implications in TNBC tumorigenesis and patient survival. We recommend further experimental studies on pathophysiological mechanism of the identified miRNAs and hub genes in TNBC.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shuaib
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Kumari Sunita Prajapati
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Waseem
- Department of Zoology, Jagdam College, Jai Prakash University, Chapra, Bihar, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Molecular Signaling and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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8
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Queiroz AL, Dantas E, Ramsamooj S, Murthy A, Ahmed M, Zunica ERM, Liang RJ, Murphy J, Holman CD, Bare CJ, Ghahramani G, Wu Z, Cohen DE, Kirwan JP, Cantley LC, Axelrod CL, Goncalves MD. Blocking ActRIIB and restoring appetite reverses cachexia and improves survival in mice with lung cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4633. [PMID: 35941104 PMCID: PMC9360437 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a common, debilitating condition with limited therapeutic options. Using an established mouse model of lung cancer, we find that cachexia is characterized by reduced food intake, spontaneous activity, and energy expenditure accompanied by muscle metabolic dysfunction and atrophy. We identify Activin A as a purported driver of cachexia and treat with ActRIIB-Fc, a decoy ligand for TGF-β/activin family members, together with anamorelin (Ana), a ghrelin receptor agonist, to reverse muscle dysfunction and anorexia, respectively. Ana effectively increases food intake but only the combination of drugs increases lean mass, restores spontaneous activity, and improves overall survival. These beneficial effects are limited to female mice and are dependent on ovarian function. In agreement, high expression of Activin A in human lung adenocarcinoma correlates with unfavorable prognosis only in female patients, despite similar expression levels in both sexes. This study suggests that multimodal, sex-specific, therapies are needed to reverse cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Lima Queiroz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ezequiel Dantas
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shakti Ramsamooj
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anirudh Murthy
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mujmmail Ahmed
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Roger J Liang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jessica Murphy
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Corey D Holman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Curtis J Bare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gregory Ghahramani
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhidan Wu
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global R&D, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Marcus D Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Loumaye A, Lause P, Zhong X, Zimmers TA, Bindels LB, Thissen JP. Activin A Causes Muscle Atrophy through MEF2C-Dependent Impaired Myogenesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071119. [PMID: 35406681 PMCID: PMC8997966 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin A (ActA) is considered to play a major role in cancer-induced cachexia (CC). Indeed, circulating ActA levels are elevated and predict survival in patients with CC. However, the mechanisms by which ActA mediates CC development and in particular skeletal muscle (SM) atrophy in humans are not yet fully understood. In this work, we aimed to investigate the effects of ActA on human SM and in mouse models of CC. We used a model of human muscle cells in culture to explore how ActA acts towards human SM. In this model, recombinant ActA induced myotube atrophy associated with the decline of MyHC-β/slow, the main myosin isoform in human muscle cells studied. Moreover, ActA inhibited the expression and activity of MEF2C, the transcription factor regulating MYH7, the gene which codes for MyHC-β/slow. This decrease in MEF2C was involved in the decline of MyHC-β/slow expression, since inhibition of MEF2C by a siRNA leads to the decrease in MyHC-β/slow expression. The relevance of this ActA/MEF2C pathway in vivo was supported by the parallel decline of MEF2C expression and SM mass, which are both blunted by ActA inhibition, in animal models of CC. In this work, we showed that ActA is a potent negative regulator of SM mass by inhibiting MyHC-β/slow synthesis through downregulation of MEF2C. This observation highlights a novel interaction between ActA signaling and MEF2C transcriptional activity which contributes to SM atrophy in CC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Loumaye
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (P.L.); (J.-P.T.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-2-764-6001
| | - Pascale Lause
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (P.L.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Simon and Bren Comprehensive Cancer Center, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (X.Z.); (T.A.Z.)
- Research Service, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Teresa A. Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Simon and Bren Comprehensive Cancer Center, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (X.Z.); (T.A.Z.)
- Research Service, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (P.L.); (J.-P.T.)
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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10
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Counts BR, Halle JL, Carson JA. Early-Onset Physical Inactivity and Metabolic Dysfunction in Tumor-bearing Mice Is Associated with Accelerated Cachexia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:77-88. [PMID: 34431825 PMCID: PMC8678203 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice (12 wk of age) were injected with 1 × 106 LLC cells or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) subcutaneously in the right flank, and tissue was collected 26-28 d after cell injection. Tumor volume was measured every 5 d throughout the study to calculate the tumor growth rate. Fifteen days after tumor inoculation, a subset of PBS (n = 11) and LLC (n = 16) mice were individually housed in metabolic Comprehensive Laboratory Animal Monitoring System cages for 5 d. RESULTS LLC mice exhibited greater body weight loss (-5.1%), decreased muscle mass (-7%), decreased fat mass (-22%), and increased plasma interleukin-6 (212%) compared with PBS mice. Before the onset of cachexia, total cage activity was decreased in tumor-bearing mice. Cage activity was negatively associated with tumor mass and positively associated with hindlimb muscle mass. In addition, LLC mice had greater lipid oxidation than PBS mice. CONCLUSIONS LLC mice exhibit early-onset physical inactivity and altered systemic lipid oxidation, which are associated with the eventual development of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R Counts
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN
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11
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Fröhlich A, Diek M, Denecke C, von Haehling S, Hadzibegovic S, Anker MS. JCSM: growing together with cachexia and sarcopenia research. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1359-1367. [PMID: 34969163 PMCID: PMC8718022 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Kathrin Fröhlich
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)BerlinGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of CardiologyCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumBerlinGermany
| | - Monika Diek
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of CardiologyCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumBerlinGermany
| | - Corinna Denecke
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of CardiologyCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow KlinikumBerlinGermany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and PneumologyUniversity of Göttingen Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Sara Hadzibegovic
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)BerlinGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of CardiologyCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF)BerlinGermany
| | - Markus S. Anker
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)BerlinGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of CardiologyCharité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF)BerlinGermany
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12
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Mallard J, Hucteau E, Hureau TJ, Pagano AF. Skeletal Muscle Deconditioning in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Current Knowledge and Insights From Other Cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:719643. [PMID: 34595171 PMCID: PMC8476809 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.719643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer represents the most commonly diagnosed cancer while neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies are extensively used in order to reduce tumor development and improve disease-free survival. However, chemotherapy also leads to severe off-target side-effects resulting, together with the tumor itself, in major skeletal muscle deconditioning. This review first focuses on recent advances in both macroscopic changes and cellular mechanisms implicated in skeletal muscle deconditioning of breast cancer patients, particularly as a consequence of the chemotherapy treatment. To date, only six clinical studies used muscle biopsies in breast cancer patients and highlighted several important aspects of muscle deconditioning such as a decrease in muscle fibers cross-sectional area, a dysregulation of protein turnover balance and mitochondrial alterations. However, in comparison with the knowledge accumulated through decades of intensive research with many different animal and human models of muscle atrophy, more studies are necessary to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the cellular processes implicated in breast cancer-mediated muscle deconditioning. This understanding is indeed essential to ultimately lead to the implementation of efficient preventive strategies such as exercise, nutrition or pharmacological treatments. We therefore also discuss potential mechanisms implicated in muscle deconditioning by drawing a parallel with other cancer cachexia models of muscle wasting, both at the pre-clinical and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Mallard
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, UR 3072, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre Européen d'Enseignement de Recherche et d'Innovation en Physiologie de l'Exercice (CEERIPE), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elyse Hucteau
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France.,Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, UR 3072, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre Européen d'Enseignement de Recherche et d'Innovation en Physiologie de l'Exercice (CEERIPE), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas J Hureau
- Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, UR 3072, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre Européen d'Enseignement de Recherche et d'Innovation en Physiologie de l'Exercice (CEERIPE), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Allan F Pagano
- Centre de Recherche en Biomédecine de Strasbourg (CRBS), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, UR 3072, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Centre Européen d'Enseignement de Recherche et d'Innovation en Physiologie de l'Exercice (CEERIPE), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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13
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Liu H, Zang P, Lee I(I, Anderson B, Christiani A, Strait‐Bodey L, Breckheimer BA, Storie M, Tewnion A, Krumm K, Li T, Irwin B, Garcia JM. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1a mediates ghrelin's effects on attenuating tumour-induced loss of muscle strength but not muscle mass. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1280-1295. [PMID: 34264027 PMCID: PMC8517358 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ghrelin may ameliorate cancer cachexia (CC) by preventing anorexia, muscle, and fat loss. However, the mechanisms mediating these effects are not fully understood. This study characterizes the pathways involved in muscle mass and strength loss in the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)-induced cachexia model, and the effects of ghrelin in mice with or without its only known receptor: the growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1a ((GHSR-1a), Ghsr+/+ and Ghsr-/- ). METHODS Five to 7-month-old male C57BL/6J Ghsr+/+ and Ghsr-/- mice were inoculated with 1 × 106 heat-killed (HK) or live LLC cells (tumour implantation, TI). When tumours were palpable (7 days after TI), tumour-bearing mice were injected with vehicle (T + V) or ghrelin twice/day for 14 days (T + G, 0.8 mg/kg), while HK-treated mice were given vehicle (HK + V). Body weight and grip strength were evaluated before TI and at termination (21 days after TI). Hindlimb muscles were collected for analysis. RESULTS Less pronounced body weight (BW) loss (87.70 ± 0.98% vs. 83.92 ± 1.23%, percentage of baseline BW in tumour-bearing Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- , P = 0.008), and lower upregulation of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS, MuRF1/Trim63, 5.71 ± 1.53-fold vs. 9.22 ± 1.94-fold-change from Ghsr+/+ HK + V in tumour-bearing Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- , P = 0.036) and autophagy markers (Becn1, Atg5, Atg7, tumour-bearing Ghsr+/+ < Ghsr-/- , all P < 0.02) were found in T + V Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- mice. Ghrelin attenuated LLC-induced UPS marker upregulation in both genotypes, [Trim63 was decreased from 5.71 ± 1.53-fold to 1.96 ± 0.47-fold in Ghsr+/+ (T + V vs. T + G: P = 0.032) and 9.22 ± 1.94-fold to 4.72 ± 1.06-fold in Ghsr-/- (T + V vs. T + G: P = 0.008)]. Only in Ghsr+/+ mice ghrelin ameliorated LLC-induced grip strength loss [improved from 89.24 ± 3.48% to 97.80 ± 2.31% of baseline (T + V vs. T + G: P = 0.042)], mitophagy markers [Bnip3 was decreased from 2.28 ± 0.56 to 1.38 ± 0.14-fold (T + V vs. T + G: P ≤ 0.05)], and impaired mitochondrial respiration [State 3u improved from 698.23 ± 73.96 to 934.37 ± 95.21 pmol/min (T + V vs. T + G: P ≤ 0.05)], whereas these markers were not improved by ghrelin Ghsr-/- . Compared with Ghsr+/+ , Ghsr-/- tumour-bearing mice also showed decreased response to ghrelin in BW [T + G-treated Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr -/- : 91.75 ± 1.05% vs. 86.18 ± 1.13% of baseline BW, P < 0.001)], gastrocnemius (T + G-treated Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- : 96.9 ± 2.08% vs. 88.15 ± 1.78% of Ghsr+/+ HK + V, P < 0.001) and quadriceps muscle mass (T + G-treated Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- : 96.12 ± 2.31% vs. 88.36 ± 1.94% of Ghsr+/+ HK + V, P = 0.01), and gastrocnemius type IIA (T + G-treated Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- : 1250.49 ± 31.72 vs. 1017.62 ± 70.99 μm2 , P = 0.027) and IIB fibre cross-sectional area (T + G-treated Ghsr+/+ vs. Ghsr-/- : 2496.48 ± 116.88 vs. 2183.04 ± 103.43 μm2 , P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1a mediates ghrelin's effects on attenuating LLC-induced weakness but not muscle mass loss by modulating the autophagy-lysosome pathway, mitophagy, and mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Liu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Pu Zang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
- Department of EndocrinologyNanjing Jinling HospitalNanjingChina
| | - Ian (In‐gi) Lee
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Barbara Anderson
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Anthony Christiani
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Lena Strait‐Bodey
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Beatrice A. Breckheimer
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Mackenzie Storie
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Alison Tewnion
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Kora Krumm
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Theresa Li
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Brynn Irwin
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Jose M. Garcia
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical CenterVeterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care SystemSeattleWAUSA
- Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineUniversity of Washington Department of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
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14
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Nissinen TA, Hentilä J, Fachada V, Lautaoja JH, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Kivelä R, Hulmi JJ. Muscle follistatin gene delivery increases muscle protein synthesis independent of periodical physical inactivity and fasting. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21387. [PMID: 33559263 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002008r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Blocking of myostatin and activins effectively counteracts muscle atrophy. However, the potential interaction with physical inactivity and fasting in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis is poorly understood. We used blockade of myostatin and activins by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated follistatin (FS288) overexpression in mouse tibialis anterior muscle. To investigate the effects on muscle protein synthesis, muscles were collected 7 days after rAAV-injection in the nighttime or in the daytime representing high and low levels of activity and feeding, respectively, or after overnight fasting, refeeding, or ad libitum feeding. Muscle protein synthesis was increased by FS288 independent of the time of the day or the feeding status. However, the activation of mTORC1 signaling by FS288 was attenuated in the daytime and by overnight fasting. FS288 also increased the amount of mTOR colocalized with lysosomes, but did not alter their localization toward the sarcolemma. This study shows that FS288 gene delivery increases muscle protein synthesis largely independent of diurnal fluctuations in physical activity and food intake or feeding status, overriding the physiological signals. This is important for eg cachectic and sarcopenic patients with reduced physical activity and appetite. The FS288-induced increase in mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis may be in part driven by increased amount of mTOR colocalized with lysosomes, but not by their localization toward sarcolemma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli A Nissinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaakko Hentilä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vasco Fachada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juulia H Lautaoja
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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15
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Fix DK, Counts BR, Smuder AJ, Sarzynski MA, Koh H, Carson JA. Wheel running improves fasting-induced AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle from tumor-bearing mice. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14924. [PMID: 34270178 PMCID: PMC8284248 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions to muscle protein turnover and metabolic regulation contribute to muscle wasting during the progression of cancer cachexia. The initiation of cachexia is also associated with decreased physical activity. While chronic muscle AMPK activation occurs during cachexia progression in ApcMin/+ (MIN) mice, a preclinical cachexia model, the understanding of muscle AMPK's role during cachexia initiation is incomplete. Therefore, we examined if voluntary wheel exercise could improve skeletal muscle AMPK signaling in pre-cachectic MIN mice. Next, we examined muscle AMPK's role in aberrant catabolic signaling in response to a 12-h fast in mice initiating cachexia. Male C57BL/6 (B6: N = 26) and MIN (N = 29) mice were subjected to ad libitum feeding, 12-h fast, or 4 wks. of wheel access and then a 12-h fast during the initiation of cachexia. Male tamoxifen-inducible skeletal muscle AMPKα1 α2 (KO) knockout mice crossed with ApcMin/+ and floxed controls were examined (WT: N = 8, KO: N = 8, MIN: N = 10, MIN KO: N = 6). Male mice underwent a 12-h fast and the gastrocnemius muscle was analyzed. MIN gastrocnemius mass was reduced compared to B6 mice. A 12-h fast induced MIN muscle AMPKT172 , FOXOS413 , and ULK-1S555 phosphorylation compared to B6. Wheel running attenuated these inductions. A 12-h fast induced MIN muscle MuRF-1 protein expression compared to B6 and was suppressed by wheel running. Additionally, fasting induced muscle autophagy signaling and disrupted mitochondrial quality protein expression in the MIN, which was prevented in the MIN KO. We provide evidence that increased skeletal muscle AMPK sensitivity to a 12-h fast is an adverse event in pre-cachectic MIN mice, and exercise can improve this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K. Fix
- Department of Exercise ScienceArnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Brittany R. Counts
- Integrative Muscle Biology LaboratoryDivision of Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA
| | - Ashley J. Smuder
- Department of Applied Physiology & KinesiologyCollege of Health & Human PerformanceUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise ScienceArnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
| | - Ho‐Jin Koh
- Department of Exercise ScienceArnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA
| | - James A. Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology LaboratoryDivision of Rehabilitation SciencesCollege of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA
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16
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Pötgens SA, Thibaut MM, Joudiou N, Sboarina M, Neyrinck AM, Cani PD, Claus SP, Delzenne NM, Bindels LB. Multi-compartment metabolomics and metagenomics reveal major hepatic and intestinal disturbances in cancer cachectic mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:456-475. [PMID: 33599103 PMCID: PMC8061360 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by multiple metabolic dysfunctions. Besides the muscle, other organs such as the liver and the gut microbiota may also contribute to this syndrome. Indeed, the gut microbiota, an important regulator of the host metabolism, is altered in the C26 preclinical model of cancer cachexia. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota have shown benefits, but mechanisms underlying the host-microbiota crosstalk in this context are still poorly understood. METHODS To explore this crosstalk, we combined proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) metabolomics in multiple compartments with 16S rDNA sequencing. These analyses were complemented by molecular and biochemical analyses, as well as hepatic transcriptomics. RESULTS 1 H-NMR revealed major changes between control (CT) and cachectic (C26) mice in the four analysed compartments (i.e. caecal content, portal vein, liver, and vena cava). More specifically, glucose metabolism pathways in the C26 model were altered with a reduction in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and an activation of the hexosamine pathway, arguing against the existence of a Cori cycle in this model. In parallel, amino acid uptake by the liver, with an up to four-fold accumulation of nine amino acids (q-value <0.05), was mainly used for acute phase response proteins synthesis rather than to fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle and gluconeogenesis. We also identified a 35% reduction in hepatic carnitine levels (q-value <0.05) and a lower activation of the phosphatidylcholine pathway as potential contributors to the hepatic steatosis present in this model. Our work also reveals a reduction of different beneficial intestinal bacterial activities in cancer cachexia. We found decreased levels of two short-chain fatty acids, acetate and butyrate (72% and 88% reduction in C26 caecal content; q-value <0.001), and a reduction in aromatic amino acid metabolites, which may contribute to the altered intestinal homeostasis in these mice. A member of the Ruminococcaceae family (ASV 2) was identified as the main bacterium responsible for the drop in butyrate. Finally, we report a two-fold intestinal transit acceleration (P-value <0.001) as a key factor shaping the gut microbiota composition and activity in cancer cachexia, which together lead to a faecal loss of proteins and amino acids. CONCLUSIONS Our work highlights new metabolic pathways potentially involved in cancer cachexia and further supports the interest of exploring the gut microbiota composition and activity, as well as intestinal transit, in cancer patients with and without cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Pötgens
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Morgane M Thibaut
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform (NEST), Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martina Sboarina
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine P Claus
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Yu J, Choi S, Park A, Do J, Nam D, Kim Y, Noh J, Lee KY, Maeng CH, Park KS. Bone Marrow Homeostasis Is Impaired via JAK/STAT and Glucocorticoid Signaling in Cancer Cachexia Model. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051059. [PMID: 33801569 PMCID: PMC7958949 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cachexia is a systemic inflammatory disease characterized by the loss of muscle and fat and occurs in 50–80% of cancer patients. In cancer cachexia, the tumor tissues interact with other tissues and organs using secretory factors. Differentiated immune cells from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) of the bone marrow contribute to the systemic inflammation and may be affected by these intertissue interactions. However, the significant changes that occur in the bone marrow and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of cancer cachexia on bone and stem cells that reside in the bone marrow using a lung cancer cachexia animal model. Cancer cachexia induces bone loss and impairs the properties of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via JAK/STAT and glucocorticoid signaling. Our findings provide new insights for developing a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer cachexia. Abstract Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial systemic inflammation disease caused by complex interactions between the tumor and host tissues via soluble factors. However, whether cancer cachexia affects the bone marrow, in particular the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), remains unclear. Here, we investigated the bone marrow and bone in a cancer cachexia animal model generated by transplanting Lewis lung carcinoma cells. The number of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) started to significantly decrease in the cancer cachectic animal model prior to the discernable loss of muscle and fat. This decrease in BM-MNCs was associated with myeloid skewing in the circulation and the expansion of hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow. Bone loss occurred in the cancer cachexia animal model and accompanied the decrease in the bone marrow MSCs that play important roles in both supporting HSCs and maintaining bone homeostasis. Glucocorticoid signaling mediated the decrease in bone marrow MSCs in the cancer cachectic environment. The cancer cachexia environment also skewed the differentiation of the bone marrow MSCs toward adipogenic fate via JAK/STAT as well as glucocorticoid signaling. Our results suggest that the bone loss induced in cancer cachexia is associated with the depletion and the impaired differentiation capacity of the bone marrow MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyeong Yu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Sanghyuk Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Aran Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.C.); (A.P.)
| | - Jungbeom Do
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.D.); (D.N.); (Y.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Donghyun Nam
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.D.); (D.N.); (Y.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Youngjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.D.); (D.N.); (Y.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Jinok Noh
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.D.); (D.N.); (Y.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Kil Yeon Lee
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Chi Hoon Maeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Ki-Sook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.D.); (D.N.); (Y.K.); (J.N.)
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-958-9368
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18
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Targeting the Activin Receptor Signaling to Counteract the Multi-Systemic Complications of Cancer and Its Treatments. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030516. [PMID: 33671024 PMCID: PMC7997313 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting, i.e., cachexia, frequently occurs in cancer and associates with poor prognosis and increased morbidity and mortality. Anticancer treatments have also been shown to contribute to sustainment or exacerbation of cachexia, thus affecting quality of life and overall survival in cancer patients. Pre-clinical studies have shown that blocking activin receptor type 2 (ACVR2) or its ligands and their downstream signaling can preserve muscle mass in rodents bearing experimental cancers, as well as in chemotherapy-treated animals. In tumor-bearing mice, the prevention of skeletal and respiratory muscle wasting was also associated with improved survival. However, the definitive proof that improved survival directly results from muscle preservation following blockade of ACVR2 signaling is still lacking, especially considering that concurrent beneficial effects in organs other than skeletal muscle have also been described in the presence of cancer or following chemotherapy treatments paired with counteraction of ACVR2 signaling. Hence, here, we aim to provide an up-to-date literature review on the multifaceted anti-cachectic effects of ACVR2 blockade in preclinical models of cancer, as well as in combination with anticancer treatments.
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19
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Huot JR, Pin F, Narasimhan A, Novinger LJ, Keith AS, Zimmers TA, Willis MS, Bonetto A. ACVR2B antagonism as a countermeasure to multi-organ perturbations in metastatic colorectal cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1779-1798. [PMID: 33200567 PMCID: PMC7749603 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is often accompanied by the development of liver metastases, as well as cachexia, a multi-organ co-morbidity primarily affecting skeletal (SKM) and cardiac muscles. Activin receptor type 2B (ACVR2B) signalling is known to cause SKM wasting, and its inhibition restores SKM mass and prolongs survival in cancer. Using a recently generated mouse model, here we tested whether ACVR2B blockade could preserve multiple organs, including skeletal and cardiac muscle, in the presence of metastatic CRC. METHODS NSG male mice (8 weeks old) were injected intrasplenically with HCT116 human CRC cells (mHCT116), while sham-operated animals received saline (n = 5-10 per group). Sham and tumour-bearing mice received weekly injections of ACVR2B/Fc, a synthetic peptide inhibitor of ACVR2B. RESULTS mHCT116 hosts displayed losses in fat mass ( - 79%, P < 0.0001), bone mass ( - 39%, P < 0.05), and SKM mass (quadriceps: - 22%, P < 0.001), in line with reduced muscle cross-sectional area ( - 24%, P < 0.01) and plantarflexion force ( - 28%, P < 0.05). Further, despite only moderately affected heart size, cardiac function was significantly impaired (ejection fraction %: - 16%, P < 0.0001; fractional shortening %: - 25%, P < 0.0001) in the mHCT116 hosts. Conversely, ACVR2B/Fc preserved fat mass ( + 238%, P < 0.001), bone mass ( + 124%, P < 0.0001), SKM mass (quadriceps: + 31%, P < 0.0001), size (cross-sectional area: + 43%, P < 0.0001) and plantarflexion force ( + 28%, P < 0.05) in tumour hosts. Cardiac function was also completely preserved in tumour hosts receiving ACVR2B/Fc (ejection fraction %: + 19%, P < 0.0001), despite no effect on heart size. RNA sequencing analysis of heart muscle revealed rescue of genes related to cardiac development and contraction in tumour hosts treated with ACVR2B/Fc. CONCLUSIONS Our metastatic CRC model recapitulates the multi-systemic derangements of cachexia by displaying loss of fat, bone, and SKM along with decreased muscle strength in mHCT116 hosts. Additionally, with evidence of severe cardiac dysfunction, our data support the development of cardiac cachexia in the occurrence of metastatic CRC. Notably, ACVR2B antagonism preserved adipose tissue, bone, and SKM, whereas muscle and cardiac functions were completely maintained upon treatment. Altogether, our observations implicate ACVR2B signalling in the development of multi-organ perturbations in metastatic CRC and further dictate that ACVR2B represents a promising therapeutic target to preserve body composition and functionality in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Huot
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ashok Narasimhan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Leah J Novinger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Teresa A Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Palus
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Anker MS, von Haehling S, Springer J. Blocking myostatin: muscle mass equals muscle strength? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1396-1398. [PMID: 33340286 PMCID: PMC7749583 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus S Anker
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology (CVK), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology (CBF), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center and German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Anker MS, Springer J, Coats AJ, von Haehling S. The 10th year of the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1390-1395. [PMID: 33340288 PMCID: PMC7749579 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus S Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology (CVK), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Js Coats
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Aquila G, Re Cecconi AD, Brault JJ, Corli O, Piccirillo R. Nutraceuticals and Exercise against Muscle Wasting during Cancer Cachexia. Cells 2020; 9:E2536. [PMID: 33255345 PMCID: PMC7760926 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a debilitating multifactorial syndrome, involving progressive deterioration and functional impairment of skeletal muscles. It affects about 80% of patients with advanced cancer and causes premature death. No causal therapy is available against CC. In the last few decades, our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to muscle wasting during cancer has markedly increased. Both inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) alter anabolic and catabolic signaling pathways mostly culminating with muscle depletion. Several preclinical studies have emphasized the beneficial roles of several classes of nutraceuticals and modes of physical exercise, but their efficacy in CC patients remains scant. The route of nutraceutical administration is critical to increase its bioavailability and achieve the desired anti-cachexia effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that a single therapy may not be enough, and a bimodal intervention (nutraceuticals plus exercise) may be a more effective treatment for CC. This review focuses on the current state of the field on the role of inflammation and OS in the pathogenesis of muscle atrophy during CC, and how nutraceuticals and physical activity may act synergistically to limit muscle wasting and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Aquila
- Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.)
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrea David Re Cecconi
- Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.)
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Jeffrey J. Brault
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Oscar Corli
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
- Oncology Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Piccirillo
- Neuroscience Department, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.)
- Italian Institute for Planetary Health, IIPH, 20156 Milan, Italy;
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24
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Marked Increased Production of Acute Phase Reactants by Skeletal Muscle during Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113221. [PMID: 33142864 PMCID: PMC7693727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Muscle wasting during cancer is recognized as an independent predictor of mortality. The aim of this study was to characterize the changes in the muscle secretome associated with cancer cachexia to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved and to identify secreted proteins which may reflect this wasting process. Our study demonstrated that skeletal muscle is a source of several acute phase reactants during cancer cachexia that may hold the key to a cachexia-specific signature. Future work will have to determine whether some of these acute phase reactants contribute to and/or reflect the muscle atrophy caused by cancer, therefore representing potential therapeutic targets and/or biomarkers of cancer cachexia. Abstract Loss of skeletal muscle mass in cancer cachexia is recognized as a predictor of mortality. This study aimed to characterize the changes in the muscle secretome associated with cancer cachexia to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms involved and to identify secreted proteins which may reflect this wasting process. The changes in the muscle proteome of the C26 model were investigated by label-free proteomic analysis followed by a bioinformatic analysis in order to identify potentially secreted proteins. Multiple reaction monitoring and Western blotting were used to verify the presence of candidate proteins in the circulation. Our results revealed a marked increased muscular production of several acute phase reactants (APR: Haptoglobin, Serine protease inhibitor A3N, Complement C3, Serum amyloid A-1 protein) which are released in the circulation during C26 cancer cachexia. This was confirmed in other models of cancer cachexia as well as in cancer patients. Glucocorticoids and proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for an increased production of APR by muscle cells. Finally, their muscular expressions are strongly positively correlated with body weight loss as well as the muscular induction of atrogens. Our study demonstrates therefore a marked increased production of APR by the muscle in cancer cachexia.
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25
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Counts BR, Hardee JP, Fix DK, Vanderveen BN, Montalvo RN, Carson JA. Cachexia Disrupts Diurnal Regulation of Activity, Feeding, and Muscle Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 in Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:577-587. [PMID: 32058469 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer cachexia is characterized by severe skeletal muscle mass loss, which is driven by decreased muscle protein synthesis and increased protein degradation. Daily physical activity and feeding behaviors exhibit diurnal fluctuations in mice that can impact the systemic environment and skeletal muscle signaling. PURPOSE We investigated the effect of cancer cachexia on the diurnal regulation of feeding, physical activity, and skeletal muscle mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in tumor-bearing mice. We also examined the impact of increased physical activity on diurnal behaviors and skeletal muscle mTROC1 signaling in the cancer environment. METHODS Physical activity and feeding behaviors were measured for four consecutive days before sacrifice in male C57BL/6 (B6; n = 24) and Apc (MIN; n = 22) mice at 7:00 AM and 7:00 PM under ad libitum condition. A subset of B6 (n = 16) and MIN (n = 19) mice were given wheel access for 2 wk before diurnal behavior measurements. Gastrocnemius muscle protein expression was examined. RESULTS The MIN mice demonstrated altered diurnal fluctuations in feeding and activity compared with the B6. Interestingly, cachexia did not alter MIN total food intake, but dramatically reduced cage physical activity. As a measurement of mTORC1 activity, 4E-BP1 phosphorylation increased after the dark cycle in B6 and precachectic MIN mice, whereas rpS6 phosphorylation was only increased after the dark cycle in MIN mice. MIN 4E-BP1 phosphorylation at the end of the light cycle was significantly correlated with cachexia progression and reduced physical activity. Voluntary wheel running increased light cycle MIN 4E-BP1 phosphorylation and attenuated muscle mass loss. CONCLUSIONS The cancer environment can alter diurnal feeding and physical activity behaviors in tumor-bearing mice, which are linked to the progression of cachexia and muscle wasting. Furthermore, suppressed physical activity during cachexia is associated with decreased skeletal muscle mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R Counts
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN
| | - Justin P Hardee
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Dennis K Fix
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Brandon N Vanderveen
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Ryan N Montalvo
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - James A Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis TN
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26
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Penna F, Ballarò R, Costelli P. The Redox Balance: A Target for Interventions Against Muscle Wasting in Cancer Cachexia? Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:542-558. [PMID: 32037856 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The management of cancer patients is frequently complicated by the occurrence of a complex syndrome known as cachexia. It is mainly characterized by muscle wasting, a condition that associates with enhanced protein breakdown and with negative energy balance. While the mechanisms underlying cachexia have been only partially elucidated, understanding the pathogenesis of muscle wasting in cancer hosts is mandatory to design new targeted therapeutic strategies. Indeed, most of cancer patients will experience cachexia during the course of their disease, and about 25% of cancer-related deaths are due to this syndrome, rather than to the tumor itself. Recent Advances: Compelling evidence suggests that an altered redox homeostasis likely contributes to cancer-induced muscle protein depletion, directly or indirectly activating the intracellular degradative pathways. In addition, oxidative stress impinges on both mitochondrial number and function; the other way round, altered mitochondria lead to enhanced redox imbalance, creating a vicious loop that eventually results in negative energy metabolism. Critical Issues: The present review focuses on the possibility that pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies able to restore a physiologic redox balance could be useful components of treatment schedules aimed at counteracting cancer-induced muscle wasting. Future Directions: Exercise and the use of exercise mimetic drugs represent the most promising approaches capable of reinforcing the muscle antioxidant defenses of cancer patients. The results from ongoing and new clinical trials are needed to validate the preclinical studies and provide effective therapies for cancer cachexia. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 33, 542-558.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ballarò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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27
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Aquila G, Re Cecconi AD, Forti M, Frapolli R, Bello E, Novelli D, Russo I, Licandro SA, Staszewsky L, Martinelli GB, Talamini L, Pasetto L, Resovi A, Giavazzi R, Scanziani E, Careccia G, Vénéreau E, Masson S, Latini R, D’Incalci M, Piccirillo R. Trabectedin and Lurbinectedin Extend Survival of Mice Bearing C26 Colon Adenocarcinoma, without Affecting Tumor Growth or Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082312. [PMID: 32824440 PMCID: PMC7463843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trabectedin (ET743) and lurbinectedin (PM01183) limit the production of inflammatory cytokines that are elevated during cancer cachexia. Mice carrying C26 colon adenocarcinoma display cachexia (i.e., premature death and body wasting with muscle, fat and cardiac tissue depletion), high levels of inflammatory cytokines and subsequent splenomegaly. We tested whether such drugs protected these mice from cachexia. Ten-week-old mice were inoculated with C26 cells and three days later randomized to receive intravenously vehicle or 0.05 mg/kg ET743 or 0.07 mg/kg PM01183, three times a week for three weeks. ET743 or PM01183 extended the lifespan of C26-mice by 30% or 85%, respectively, without affecting tumor growth or food intake. Within 13 days from C26 implant, both drugs did not protect fat, muscle and heart from cachexia. Since PM01183 extended the animal survival more than ET743, we analyzed PM01183 further. In tibialis anterior of C26-mice, but not in atrophying myotubes, PM01183 restrained the NF-κB/PAX7/myogenin axis, possibly reducing the pro-inflammatory milieu, and failed to limit the C/EBPβ/atrogin-1 axis. Inflammation-mediated splenomegaly of C26-mice was inhibited by PM01183 for as long as the treatment lasted, without reducing IL-6, M-CSF or IL-1β in plasma. ET743 and PM01183 extend the survival of C26-bearing mice unchanging tumor growth or cachexia but possibly restrain muscle-related inflammation and C26-induced splenomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Aquila
- Department of Neurosciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.); (M.F.); (G.B.M.)
| | - Andrea David Re Cecconi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.); (M.F.); (G.B.M.)
| | - Mara Forti
- Department of Neurosciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.); (M.F.); (G.B.M.)
| | - Roberta Frapolli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (E.B.); (S.A.L.); (R.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Ezia Bello
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (E.B.); (S.A.L.); (R.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Deborah Novelli
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (D.N.); (I.R.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Ilaria Russo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (D.N.); (I.R.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Simonetta Andrea Licandro
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (E.B.); (S.A.L.); (R.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Lidia Staszewsky
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (D.N.); (I.R.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Giulia Benedetta Martinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.); (M.F.); (G.B.M.)
| | - Laura Talamini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (L.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Pasetto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (L.T.); (L.P.)
| | - Andrea Resovi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 24126 Bergamo, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Giavazzi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (E.B.); (S.A.L.); (R.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Mouse and Animal Pathology Lab (MAPLab), Fondazione UniMi, Università di Milano, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Careccia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Emilie Vénéreau
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (E.V.)
| | - Serge Masson
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (D.N.); (I.R.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Roberto Latini
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (D.N.); (I.R.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (R.L.)
| | - Maurizio D’Incalci
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (R.F.); (E.B.); (S.A.L.); (R.G.); (M.D.)
| | - Rosanna Piccirillo
- Department of Neurosciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (A.D.R.C.); (M.F.); (G.B.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-39014371
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Chiappalupi S, Sorci G, Vukasinovic A, Salvadori L, Sagheddu R, Coletti D, Renga G, Romani L, Donato R, Riuzzi F. Targeting RAGE prevents muscle wasting and prolongs survival in cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:929-946. [PMID: 32159297 PMCID: PMC7432590 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia, a multifactorial syndrome affecting more than 50% of patients with advanced cancer and responsible for ~20% of cancer-associated deaths, is still a poorly understood process without a standard cure available. Skeletal muscle atrophy caused by systemic inflammation is a major clinical feature of cachexia, leading to weight loss, dampening patients' quality of life, and reducing patients' response to anticancer therapy. RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products) is a multiligand receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily and a mediator of muscle regeneration, inflammation, and cancer. METHODS By using murine models consisting in the injection of colon 26 murine adenocarcinoma (C26-ADK) or Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells in BALB/c and C57BL/6 or Ager-/- (RAGE-null) mice, respectively, we investigated the involvement of RAGE signalling in the main features of cancer cachexia, including the inflammatory state. In vitro experiments were performed using myotubes derived from C2C12 myoblasts or primary myoblasts isolated from C57BL/6 wild type and Ager-/- mice treated with the RAGE ligand, S100B (S100 calcium-binding protein B), TNF (tumor necrosis factor)α±IFN (interferon) γ, and tumour cell- or masses-conditioned media to analyse hallmarks of muscle atrophy. Finally, muscles of wild type and Ager-/- mice were injected with TNFα/IFNγ or S100B in a tumour-free environment. RESULTS We demonstrate that RAGE is determinant to activate signalling pathways leading to muscle protein degradation in the presence of proinflammatory cytokines and/or tumour-derived cachexia-inducing factors. We identify the RAGE ligand, S100B, as a novel factor able to induce muscle atrophy per se via a p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase)/myogenin axis and STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)-dependent MyoD (myoblast determination protein 1) degradation. Lastly, we found that in cancer conditions, an increase in serum levels of tumour-derived S100B and HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) occurs leading to chronic activation/overexpression of RAGE, which induces hallmarks of cancer cachexia (i.e. muscle wasting, systemic inflammation, and release of tumour-derived pro-cachectic factors). Absence of RAGE in mice translates into reduced serum levels of cachexia-inducing factors, delayed loss of muscle mass and strength, reduced tumour progression, and increased survival. CONCLUSIONS RAGE is a molecular determinant in inducing the hallmarks of cancer cachexia, and molecular targeting of RAGE might represent a therapeutic strategy to prevent or counteract the cachectic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chiappalupi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Perugia, Italy.,Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Vukasinovic
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Salvadori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Sagheddu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Perugia, Italy
| | - Dario Coletti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Aging B2A, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Giorgia Renga
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Perugia, Italy
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29
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Hulmi JJ, Penna F, Pöllänen N, Nissinen TA, Hentilä J, Euro L, Lautaoja JH, Ballarò R, Soliymani R, Baumann M, Ritvos O, Pirinen E, Lalowski M. Muscle NAD + depletion and Serpina3n as molecular determinants of murine cancer cachexia-the effects of blocking myostatin and activins. Mol Metab 2020; 41:101046. [PMID: 32599075 PMCID: PMC7364159 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer cachexia and muscle loss are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In preclinical animal models, blocking activin receptor (ACVR) ligands has improved survival and prevented muscle wasting in cancer cachexia without an effect on tumour growth. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify cancer cachexia and soluble ACVR (sACVR) administration-evoked changes in muscle proteome. Methods Healthy and C26 tumour-bearing (TB) mice were treated with recombinant sACVR. The sACVR or PBS control were administered either prior to the tumour formation or by continued administration before and after tumour formation. Muscles were analysed by quantitative proteomics with further examination of mitochondria and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism. To complement the first prophylactic experiment, sACVR (or PBS) was injected as a treatment after tumour cell inoculation. Results Muscle proteomics in TB cachectic mice revealed downregulated signatures for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and increased acute phase response (APR). These were accompanied by muscle NAD+ deficiency, alterations in NAD+ biosynthesis including downregulation of nicotinamide riboside kinase 2 (Nrk2), and decreased muscle protein synthesis. The disturbances in NAD+ metabolism and protein synthesis were rescued by treatment with sACVR. Across the whole proteome and APR, in particular, Serpina3n represented the most upregulated protein and the strongest predictor of cachexia. However, the increase in Serpina3n expression was associated with increased inflammation rather than decreased muscle mass and/or protein synthesis. Conclusions We present evidence implicating disturbed muscle mitochondrial OXPHOS proteome and NAD+ homeostasis in experimental cancer cachexia. Treatment of TB mice with a blocker of activin receptor ligands restores depleted muscle NAD+ and Nrk2, as well as decreased muscle protein synthesis. These results indicate putative new treatment therapies for cachexia and that although acute phase protein Serpina3n may serve as a predictor of cachexia, it more likely reflects a condition of elevated inflammation. Cachectic muscle proteome shows decreased OXPHOS and increased acute phase response. Cancer cachexia is characterized by lowered muscle Nrk2 expression and NAD+ levels. Blocking activin receptor 2B ligands rescues muscle NAD+ homeostasis in cachexia. Blocking activin receptor 2B ligands prevents affected protein synthesis in cachexia. Serpina3n predicts cachexia and cancer-induced APR independently from muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - F Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - N Pöllänen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T A Nissinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Hentilä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - L Euro
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J H Lautaoja
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, NeuroMuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - R Ballarò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - R Soliymani
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, HiLIFE, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry and Developmental biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Baumann
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, HiLIFE, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry and Developmental biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Pirinen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Lalowski
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, HiLIFE, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry and Developmental biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Zhao Y, Wu Z, Chanal M, Guillaumond F, Goehrig D, Bachy S, Principe M, Ziverec A, Flaman JM, Collin G, Tomasini R, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Vasseur S, Bernard D, Hennino A, Bertolino P. Oncogene-Induced Senescence Limits the Progression of Pancreatic Neoplasia through Production of Activin A. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3359-3371. [PMID: 32554750 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly and aggressive cancer. Understanding mechanisms that drive preneoplastic pancreatic lesions is necessary to improve early diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Mutations and inactivation of activin-like kinase (ALK4) have been demonstrated to favor PDAC onset. Surprisingly, little is known regarding the ligands that drive ALK4 signaling in pancreatic cancer or how this signaling pathway limits the initiation of neoplastic lesions. In this study, data mining and histologic analyses performed on human and mouse tumor tissues revealed that activin A is the major ALK4 ligand that drives PDAC initiation. Activin A, which is absent in normal acinar cells, was strongly induced during acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), which was promoted by pancreatitis or the activation of KrasG12D in mice. Activin A expression during ADM was associated with the cellular senescence program that is induced in precursor lesions. Blocking activin A signaling through the use of a soluble form of activin receptor IIB (sActRIIB-Fc) and ALK4 knockout in mice expressing KrasG12D resulted in reduced senescence associated with decreased expression of p21, reduced phosphorylation of H2A histone family member X (H2AX), and increased proliferation. Thus, this study indicates that activin A acts as a protective senescence-associated secretory phenotype factor produced by Kras-induced senescent cells during ADM, which limits the expansion and proliferation of pancreatic neoplastic lesions. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies activin A to be a beneficial, senescence-secreted factor induced in pancreatic preneoplastic lesions, which limits their proliferation and ultimately slows progression into pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhao
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France.,Department of Geriatrics, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jia Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichong Wu
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Chanal
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Guillaumond
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Unité 1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 7258), Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Goehrig
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Bachy
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Moitza Principe
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Ziverec
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Flaman
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Collin
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Richard Tomasini
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Unité 1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 7258), Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophie Vasseur
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Unité 1068, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR 7258), Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - David Bernard
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Ana Hennino
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Bertolino
- Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France.
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31
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Szabó Z, Vainio L, Lin R, Swan J, Hulmi JJ, Rahtu-Korpela L, Serpi R, Laitinen M, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Kerkelä R, Magga J. Systemic blockade of ACVR2B ligands attenuates muscle wasting in ischemic heart failure without compromising cardiac function. FASEB J 2020; 34:9911-9924. [PMID: 32427381 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903074rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through activin receptors regulates skeletal muscle mass and activin receptor 2B (ACVR2B) ligands are also suggested to participate in myocardial infarction (MI) pathology in the heart. In this study, we determined the effect of systemic blockade of ACVR2B ligands on cardiac function in experimental MI, and defined its efficacy to revert muscle wasting in ischemic heart failure (HF). Mice were treated with soluble ACVR2B decoy receptor (ACVR2B-Fc) to study its effect on post-MI cardiac remodeling and on later HF. Cardiac function was determined with echocardiography, and myocardium analyzed with histological and biochemical methods for hypertrophy and fibrosis. Pharmacological blockade of ACVR2B ligands did not rescue the heart from ischemic injury or alleviate post-MI remodeling and ischemic HF. Collectively, ACVR2B-Fc did not affect cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, angiogenesis, nor factors associated with cardiac regeneration except modification of certain genes involved in metabolism or cell growth/survival. ACVR2B-Fc, however, was able to reduce skeletal muscle wasting in chronic ischemic HF, accompanied by reduced LC3II as a marker of autophagy and increased mTOR signaling and Cited4 expression as markers of physiological hypertrophy in quadriceps muscle. Our results ascertain pharmacological blockade of ACVR2B ligands as a possible therapy for skeletal muscle wasting in ischemic HF. Pharmacological blockade of ACVR2B ligands preserved myofiber size in ischemic HF, but did not compromise cardiac function nor exacerbate cardiac remodeling after ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szabó
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Vainio
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ruizhu Lin
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Julia Swan
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lea Rahtu-Korpela
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raisa Serpi
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Laitinen
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Risto Kerkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Magga
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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32
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Lautaoja JH, Pekkala S, Pasternack A, Laitinen M, Ritvos O, Hulmi JJ. Differentiation of Murine C2C12 Myoblasts Strongly Reduces the Effects of Myostatin on Intracellular Signaling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050695. [PMID: 32365803 PMCID: PMC7277184 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alongside in vivo models, a simpler and more mechanistic approach is required to study the effects of myostatin on skeletal muscle because myostatin is an important negative regulator of muscle size. In this study, myostatin was administered to murine (C2C12) and human (CHQ) myoblasts and myotubes. Canonical and noncanonical signaling downstream to myostatin, related ligands, and their receptor were analyzed. The effects of tumorkines were analyzed after coculture of C2C12 and colon cancer-C26 cells. The effects of myostatin on canonical and noncanonical signaling were strongly reduced in C2C12 cells after differentiation. This may be explained by increased follistatin, an endogenous blocker of myostatin and altered expression of activin receptor ligands. In contrast, CHQ cells were equally responsive to myostatin, and follistatin remained unaltered. Both myostatin administration and the coculture stimulated pathways associated with inflammation, especially in C2C12 cells. In conclusion, the effects of myostatin on intracellular signaling may be cell line- or organism-specific, and C2C12 myotubes seem to be a nonoptimal in vitro model for investigating the effects of myostatin on canonical and noncanonical signaling in skeletal muscle. This may be due to altered expression of activin receptor ligands and their regulators during muscle cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juulia H. Lautaoja
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (S.P.); (J.J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-40-805-5042
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (S.P.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.P.); (O.R.)
| | - Mika Laitinen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00029 Helsinki, Finland;
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.P.); (O.R.)
| | - Juha J. Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland; (S.P.); (J.J.H.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (A.P.); (O.R.)
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33
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da Fonseca GWP, Farkas J, Dora E, von Haehling S, Lainscak M. Cancer Cachexia and Related Metabolic Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072321. [PMID: 32230855 PMCID: PMC7177950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex multifactorial syndrome marked by a continuous depletion of skeletal muscle mass associated, in some cases, with a reduction in fat mass. It is irreversible by nutritional support alone and affects up to 74% of patients with cancer-dependent on the underlying type of cancer-and is associated with physical function impairment, reduced response to cancer-related therapy, and higher mortality. Organs, like muscle, adipose tissue, and liver, play an important role in the progression of cancer cachexia by exacerbating the pro- and anti-inflammatory response initially activated by the tumor and the immune system of the host. Moreover, this metabolic dysfunction is produced by alterations in glucose, lipids, and protein metabolism that, when maintained chronically, may lead to the loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Although a couple of drugs have yielded positive results in increasing lean body mass with limited impact on physical function, a single therapy has not lead to effective treatment of this condition. Therefore, a multimodal intervention, including pharmacological agents, nutritional support, and physical exercise, may be a reasonable approach for future studies to better understand and prevent the wasting of body compartments in patients with cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da Fonseca
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo SP 05403-900, Brazil or
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), DE-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jerneja Farkas
- Research Unit, General Hospital Murska Sobota, SI-9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia;
- National Institute of Public Health, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Dora
- Division of Cardiology, General Hospital Murska Sobota, SI-9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia;
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), DE-37075 Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Goettingen, DE-37099 Goettingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.v.H.); (M.L.); Tel.: +49-551-3920-911 (S.v.H.); +386-251-23-733 (M.L.); Fax: +49-551-3920-918 (S.v.H.); Fax: +386-252-11-007 (M.L.)
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Division of Cardiology, General Hospital Murska Sobota, SI-9000 Murska Sobota, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: (S.v.H.); (M.L.); Tel.: +49-551-3920-911 (S.v.H.); +386-251-23-733 (M.L.); Fax: +49-551-3920-918 (S.v.H.); Fax: +386-252-11-007 (M.L.)
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34
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Biswas AK, Acharyya S. Cancer-Associated Cachexia: A Systemic Consequence of Cancer Progression. ANNUAL REVIEW OF CANCER BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cancerbio-030419-033642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease that has plagued humans for centuries. The vast majority of cancer-related mortality results from metastasis. Indeed, the invasive growth of metastatic cancer cells in vital organs causes fatal organ dysfunction, but metastasis-related deaths also result from cachexia, a debilitating wasting syndrome characterized by an involuntary loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. In fact, about 80% of metastatic cancer patients suffer from cachexia, which often renders them too weak to tolerate standard doses of anticancer therapies and makes them susceptible to death from cardiac and respiratory failure. The goals of this review are to highlight important findings that help explain how cancer-induced systemic changes drive the development of cachexia and to discuss unmet challenges and potential therapeutic strategies targeting cachexia to improve the quality of life and survival of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup K. Biswas
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Swarnali Acharyya
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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35
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Ranjbar K, Ballarò R, Bover Q, Pin F, Beltrà M, Penna F, Costelli P. Combined Exercise Training Positively Affects Muscle Wasting in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 51:1387-1395. [PMID: 30724848 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer cachexia is characterized by loss of muscle mass and function. Increased protein catabolism, inflammation, impaired anabolism, and mitochondrial function markedly contribute to the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Physical activity has been suggested as a useful tool to prevent or at least delay the onset and progression of cancer-induced muscle wasting. Two main types of exercise can be adopted, namely, resistance and endurance training. The present study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a combined (resistance + endurance) exercise protocol in preventing/reverting cancer-induced muscle wasting. METHODS Mice bearing the C26 colon carcinoma have been used as a model of cancer cachexia. They have been exposed to combined exercise training during 6 wk (4 before tumor implantation, 2 during tumor growth). Climbing a 1-m ladder inclined at 85° has been used for resistance training, while aerobic (endurance) exercise has been carried out on the same day using a motorized wheel. RESULTS In C26-bearing mice, both muscle mass and strength are improved by combined training, while just the latter increased in exercised healthy animals. Such a pattern is associated with modulations of two markers of autophagy, namely, LC3B-I/II ratio, increased in sedentary tumor hosts and reduced in exercised C26-bearing mice, and p62, steadily increased in both sedentary and trained tumor-bearing animals. Finally, combined training is not able to modify PGC-1α protein levels, but it improves succinate dehydrogenase activity, both reduced in the muscle of the C26 hosts. CONCLUSION The data reported in the present study show that combined training improves muscle mass and function in the C26 hosts, likely modulating autophagy and improving mitochondrial function; these observations suggest that combined exercise might become part of a multimodal approach to treat cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia Ranjbar
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, ITALY.,Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Teheran, IRAN
| | - Riccardo Ballarò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, ITALY.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Urbino, ITALY
| | - Quim Bover
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, ITALY
| | - Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, ITALY.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Marc Beltrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, ITALY.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Urbino, ITALY
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, ITALY.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Urbino, ITALY
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, ITALY.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Urbino, ITALY
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Anker MS, Anker SD, Coats AJ, von Haehling S. The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle stays the front-runner in geriatrics and gerontology. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:1151-1164. [PMID: 31821753 PMCID: PMC6903443 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus S. Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of CardiologyCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)BerlinGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of CardiologyCharité Campus Benjamin FranklinBerlinGermany
| | - Stefan D. Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of CardiologyCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT)BerlinGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of Cardiology (CVK)Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Center GöttingenUniversity of Göttingen Medical Center, Georg‐August‐UniversityGöttingenGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Medicine (DZHK), partner site GöttingenGöttingenGermany
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Pekkala S, Keskitalo A, Kettunen E, Lensu S, Nykänen N, Kuopio T, Ritvos O, Hentilä J, Nissinen TA, Hulmi JJ. Blocking Activin Receptor Ligands Is Not Sufficient to Rescue Cancer-Associated Gut Microbiota-A Role for Gut Microbial Flagellin in Colorectal Cancer and Cachexia? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111799. [PMID: 31731747 PMCID: PMC6896205 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and cachexia are associated with the gut microbiota and microbial surface molecules. We characterized the CRC-associated microbiota and investigated whether cachexia affects the microbiota composition. Further, we examined the possible relationship between the microbial surface molecule flagellin and CRC. CRC cells (C26) were inoculated into mice. Activin receptor (ACVR) ligands were blocked, either before tumor formation or before and after, to increase muscle mass and prevent muscle loss. The effects of flagellin on C26-cells were studied in vitro. The occurrence of similar phenomena were studied in murine and human tumors. Cancer modulated the gut microbiota without consistent effects of blocking the ACVR ligands. However, continued treatment for muscle loss modified the association between microbiota and weight loss. Several abundant microbial taxa in cancer were flagellated. Exposure of C26-cells to flagellin increased IL6 and CCL2/MCP-1 mRNA and IL6 excretion. Murine C26 tumors expressed more IL6 and CCL2/MCP-1 mRNA than C26-cells, and human CRC tumors expressed more CCL2/MCP-1 than healthy colon sites. Additionally, flagellin decreased caspase-1 activity and the production of reactive oxygen species, and increased cytotoxicity in C26-cells. Conditioned media from flagellin-treated C26-cells deteriorated C2C12-myotubes and decreased their number. In conclusion, cancer increased flagellated microbes that may promote CRC survival and cachexia by inducing inflammatory proteins such as MCP-1. Cancer-associated gut microbiota could not be rescued by blocking ACVR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (T.A.N.); (J.J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-45-358-2898
| | - Anniina Keskitalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Emilia Kettunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (T.A.N.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Sanna Lensu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (T.A.N.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Noora Nykänen
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Health Care District, Keskussairaalantie 19, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (N.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Teijo Kuopio
- Department of Pathology, Central Finland Health Care District, Keskussairaalantie 19, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (N.N.); (T.K.)
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Jaakko Hentilä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (T.A.N.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Tuuli A. Nissinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (T.A.N.); (J.J.H.)
| | - Juha J. Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland; (E.K.); (S.L.); (J.H.); (T.A.N.); (J.J.H.)
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Li Y, Zhang F, Modrak S, Little A, Zhang H. Chronic Alcohol Consumption Enhances Skeletal Muscle Wasting in Mice Bearing Cachectic Cancers: The Role of TNFα/Myostatin Axis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 44:66-77. [PMID: 31657476 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcohol consumption enhances cancer-associated cachexia, which is one of the major causes of decreased survival. The precise molecular mechanism of how alcohol consumption enhances cancer-associated cachexia, especially skeletal muscle loss, remains to be elucidated. METHODS We used a mouse model of chronic alcohol consumption, in which 20% (w/v) alcohol was provided as sole drinking fluid, and Lewis lung carcinoma to study the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS We found that alcohol consumption up-regulated the expression of MAFbx, MuRF-1, and LC3 in skeletal muscle, suggesting that alcohol enhanced ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and LC3-mediated autophagy. Alcohol consumption enhanced phosphorylation of Smad2/3, p38, and ERK and decreased the phosphorylation of FOXO1. These are the signaling molecules governing protein degradation pathways. Moreover, alcohol consumption slightly up-regulated the expression of insulin receptor substrate-1, did not affect phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, but decreased the phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and down-regulated the expression of Raptor and p70 ribosomal kinase S6 kinase, suggesting that alcohol impaired protein synthesis signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of tumor-bearing mice. Alcohol consumption enhanced the expression of myostatin in skeletal muscle, plasma, and tumor, but did not affect the expression of myostatin in non-tumor-bearing mice. In TNFα knockout mice, the effects of alcohol-enhanced expression of myostatin and protein degradation-related signaling molecules, and decreased protein synthesis signaling in skeletal muscle were abolished. Consequently, alcohol consumption neither affected cancer-associated cachexia nor decreased the survival of TNFα KO mice bearing cachectic cancer. CONCLUSIONS Chronic alcohol consumption enhances cancer-associated skeletal muscle loss through suppressing Akt/mTOR-mediated protein synthesis pathway and enhancing protein degradation pathways. This process is initiated by TNFα and mediated by myostatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfei Li
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (YL, FZ, SM, AL, HZ) College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington.,Department of Oncology, (YL), The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Faya Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (YL, FZ, SM, AL, HZ) College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Samantha Modrak
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (YL, FZ, SM, AL, HZ) College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Alex Little
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (YL, FZ, SM, AL, HZ) College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
| | - Hui Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (YL, FZ, SM, AL, HZ) College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington
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Investigation of the Clinical Significance and Prognostic Value of the lncRNA ACVR2B-As1 in Liver Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4602371. [PMID: 31886217 PMCID: PMC6925724 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4602371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A refined liver cancer staging system and effective prognostic prediction can help clinicians make optimized treatment decisions, which is essential in our fight against cancer and for improving the unsatisfying survival rate of liver cancer globally. The prognosis of liver cancer is not only related to tumor status, it is also affected by the patients' liver functions and the chosen treatment. Currently, several staging systems are being tested. Herein, we analyzed RNA-seq data from the TCGA database and identified a newly annotated lncRNA, ACVR2B-AS1, whose expression is upregulated in liver cancer. Higher ACVR2B-AS1 expression is an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in liver cancer patients. Our work suggests that the lncRNA ACVR2B-AS1 could be a candidate biomarker for liver cancer prognosis. Furthermore, ACVR2B-AS1 might serve as a potential therapeutic target, which is a possibility that is worthy of further study.
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40
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Paajanen J, Ilonen I, Lauri H, Järvinen T, Sutinen E, Ollila H, Rouvinen E, Lemström K, Räsänen J, Ritvos O, Koli K, Myllärniemi M. Elevated Circulating Activin A Levels in Patients With Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Are Related to Cancer Cachexia and Reduced Response to Platinum-based Chemotherapy. Clin Lung Cancer 2019; 21:e142-e150. [PMID: 31734071 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous preclinical studies have shown that activin A is overexpressed in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), associates with cancer cachexia, and is observed in in vitro resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. We evaluated circulating activin levels and their endogenous antagonists' follistatin/follistatin-like 3 in intrathoracic tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients suspected of thoracic malignancy were recruited prior to surgery. Serum samples were collected from 21 patients with MPM, 59 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and 22 patients with benign lung lesions. Circulating activin/follistatin levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared with clinicopathologic parameters. RESULTS Circulating activin A levels were elevated in patients with MPM when compared with patients with NSCLC or benign lung lesion samples (P < .0001). Also, follistatin and follistatin-like 3 levels were the highest in MPM, although with less difference compared with activin A. Receiver operating characteristic analysis for activin A for separating NSCLC from benign lung lesion showed an area under the curve of 0.856 (95% confidence interval, 0.77-0.94). Activin A levels were higher in patients with cachexia (P < .001). In patients with MPM, activin A levels correlated positively with computed tomography-based baseline tumor size (R = 0.549; P = .010) and the change in tumor size after chemotherapy (R = 0.743; P = .0006). Patients with partial response or stable disease had lower circulating activin A levels than the ones with progressive disease (P = .028). CONCLUSION Activin A serum level could be used as a biomarker in differentiating malignant and benign lung tumors. Circulating activin A levels were elevated in MPM and associates with cancer cachexia and reduced chemotherapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juuso Paajanen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy, Research Programs Unit, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ilkka Ilonen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy, Research Programs Unit, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Lauri
- Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Järvinen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Sutinen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy, Research Programs Unit, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hely Ollila
- Individualized Drug Therapy, Research Programs Unit, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eeva Rouvinen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Transplantation Immunology Program, Research Programs Unit, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karl Lemström
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Transplantation Immunology Program, Research Programs Unit, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Räsänen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Koli
- Individualized Drug Therapy, Research Programs Unit, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjukka Myllärniemi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy, Research Programs Unit, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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O'Connell TM, Pin F, Couch ME, Bonetto A. Treatment with Soluble Activin Receptor Type IIB Alters Metabolic Response in Chemotherapy-Induced Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091222. [PMID: 31438622 PMCID: PMC6770556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to lead to the severe wasting syndrome known as cachexia resulting in dramatic losses of both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Previous studies have shown that chemotherapy-induced cachexia is characterized by unique metabolic alterations. Recent results from our laboratory and others have shown that the use of ACVR2B/Fc, a soluble form of the activin receptor 2B (ACVR2B), can mitigate muscle wasting induced by chemotherapy, although the underlying mechanisms responsible for such protective effects are unclear. In order to understand the biochemical mechanisms through which ACVR2B/Fc functions, we employed a comprehensive, multi-platform metabolomics approach. Using both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass-spectrometry (MS), we profiled the metabolome of both serum and muscle tissue from four groups of mice including (1) vehicle, (2) the chemotherapeutic agent, Folfiri, (3) ACVR2B/Fc alone, and (4) combined treatment with both Folfiri and ACVR2B/Fc. The metabolic profiles demonstrated large effects with Folfiri treatment and much weaker effects with ACVR2B/Fc treatment. Interestingly, a number of significant effects were observed in the co-treatment group, with the addition of ACVR2B/Fc providing some level of rescue to the perturbations induced by Folfiri alone. The most prominent of these were a normalization of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism. Identification of these pathways provides important insights into the mechanism by which ACVR2B/Fc protects against chemotherapy-induced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M O'Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Marion E Couch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Alyodawi K, Vermeij WP, Omairi S, Kretz O, Hopkinson M, Solagna F, Joch B, Brandt RMC, Barnhoorn S, van Vliet N, Ridwan Y, Essers J, Mitchell R, Morash T, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Matsakas A, Collins-Hooper H, Huber TB, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Patel K. Compression of morbidity in a progeroid mouse model through the attenuation of myostatin/activin signalling. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:662-686. [PMID: 30916493 PMCID: PMC6596402 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the principles underpinning our understanding of ageing is that DNA damage induces a stress response that shifts cellular resources from growth towards maintenance. A contrasting and seemingly irreconcilable view is that prompting growth of, for example, skeletal muscle confers systemic benefit. METHODS To investigate the robustness of these axioms, we induced muscle growth in a murine progeroid model through the use of activin receptor IIB ligand trap that dampens myostatin/activin signalling. Progeric mice were then investigated for neurological and muscle function as well as cellular profiling of the muscle, kidney, liver, and bone. RESULTS We show that muscle of Ercc1Δ/- progeroid mice undergoes severe wasting (decreases in hind limb muscle mass of 40-60% compared with normal mass), which is largely protected by attenuating myostatin/activin signalling using soluble activin receptor type IIB (sActRIIB) (increase of 30-62% compared with untreated progeric). sActRIIB-treated progeroid mice maintained muscle activity (distance travel per hour: 5.6 m in untreated mice vs. 13.7 m in treated) and increased specific force (19.3 mN/mg in untreated vs. 24.0 mN/mg in treated). sActRIIb treatment of progeroid mice also improved satellite cell function especially their ability to proliferate on their native substrate (2.5 cells per fibre in untreated progeroids vs. 5.4 in sActRIIB-treated progeroids after 72 h in culture). Besides direct protective effects on muscle, we show systemic improvements to other organs including the structure and function of the kidneys; there was a major decrease in the protein content in urine (albumin/creatinine of 4.9 sActRIIB treated vs. 15.7 in untreated), which is likely to be a result in the normalization of podocyte foot processes, which constitute the filtration apparatus (glomerular basement membrane thickness reduced from 224 to 177 nm following sActRIIB treatment). Treatment of the progeric mice with the activin ligand trap protected against the development of liver abnormalities including polyploidy (18.3% untreated vs. 8.1% treated) and osteoporosis (trabecular bone volume; 0.30 mm3 in treated progeroid mice vs. 0.14 mm3 in untreated mice, cortical bone volume; 0.30 mm3 in treated progeroid mice vs. 0.22 mm3 in untreated mice). The onset of neurological abnormalities was delayed (by ~5 weeks) and their severity reduced, overall sustaining health without affecting lifespan. CONCLUSIONS This study questions the notion that tissue growth and maintaining tissue function during ageing are incompatible mechanisms. It highlights the need for future investigations to assess the potential of therapies based on myostatin/activin blockade to compress morbidity and promote healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alyodawi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,College of Medicine, Wasit University, Kut, Iraq
| | - Wilbert P Vermeij
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saleh Omairi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,College of Medicine, Wasit University, Kut, Iraq
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Francesca Solagna
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Joch
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Renata M C Brandt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Barnhoorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yanto Ridwan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Taryn Morash
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Tobias B Huber
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies and Center for Biological System Analysis, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,CECAD Forschungszentrum, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies and Center for Biological System Analysis, Freiburg, Germany
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Lautaoja JH, Lalowski M, Nissinen TA, Hentilä J, Shi Y, Ritvos O, Cheng S, Hulmi JJ. Muscle and serum metabolomes are dysregulated in colon-26 tumor-bearing mice despite amelioration of cachexia with activin receptor type 2B ligand blockade. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E852-E865. [PMID: 30860875 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00526.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia reduces survival, which has been attenuated by blocking the activin receptor type 2B (ACVR2B) ligands in mice. The purpose of this study was to unravel the underlying physiology and novel cachexia biomarkers by use of the colon-26 (C26) carcinoma model of cancer cachexia. Male BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with C26 cancer cells or vehicle control. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with vehicle (C26+PBS) or soluble ACVR2B either before (C26+sACVR/b) or before and after (C26+sACVR/c) tumor formation. Skeletal muscle and serum metabolomics analysis was conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cancer altered various biologically functional groups representing 1) amino acids, 2) energy sources, and 3) nucleotide-related intermediates. Muscle metabolomics revealed increased content of free phenylalanine in cancer that strongly correlated with the loss of body mass within the last 2 days of the experiment. This correlation was also detected in serum. Decreased ribosomal RNA content and phosphorylation of a marker of pyrimidine synthesis revealed changes in nucleotide metabolism in cancer. Overall, the effect of the experimental C26 cancer predominated over blocking ACVR2B ligands in both muscle and serum. However, the level of methyl phosphate, which was decreased in muscle in cancer, was restored by sACVR2B-Fc treatment. In conclusion, experimental cancer affected muscle and blood metabolomes mostly independently of blocking ACVR2B ligands. Of the affected metabolites, we have identified free phenylalanine as a promising biomarker of muscle atrophy or cachexia. Finally, the decreased capacity for pyrimidine nucleotide and protein synthesis in tumor-bearing mice opens up new avenues in cachexia research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juulia H Lautaoja
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Maciej Lalowski
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, HiLIFE, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Tuuli A Nissinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Jaakko Hentilä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Yi Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District, Shanghai , China
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sulin Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District, Shanghai , China
- Exercise, Health and Technology Center, Department of Physical Education, and Exercise Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Minhang District, Shanghai , China
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä , Jyväskylä , Finland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
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44
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Penna F, Ballarò R, Beltrà M, De Lucia S, García Castillo L, Costelli P. The Skeletal Muscle as an Active Player Against Cancer Cachexia. Front Physiol 2019; 10:41. [PMID: 30833900 PMCID: PMC6387914 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of cancer patients is frequently complicated by the occurrence of cachexia. This is a complex syndrome that markedly impacts on quality of life as well as on tolerance and response to anticancer treatments. Loss of body weight, wasting of both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and reduced survival rates are among the main features of cachexia. Skeletal muscle wasting has been shown to depend, mainly at least, on the induction of protein degradation rates above physiological levels. Such hypercatabolic pattern is driven by overactivation of different intracellular proteolytic systems, among which those dependent on ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy. Selective rather than bulk degradation of altered proteins and organelles was also proposed to occur. Within the picture described above, the muscle is frequently considered a sort of by-stander tissue where external stimuli, directly or indirectly, can poise protein metabolism toward a catabolic setting. By contrast, several observations suggest that the muscle reacts to the wasting drive imposed by cancer growth by activating different compensatory strategies that include anabolic capacity, the activation of autophagy and myogenesis. Even if muscle response is eventually ill-fated, its occurrence supports the idea that in the presence of appropriate treatments the development of cancer-induced wasting might not be an ineluctable event in tumor hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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45
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Hentilä J, Nissinen TA, Korkmaz A, Lensu S, Silvennoinen M, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Atalay M, Hulmi JJ. Activin Receptor Ligand Blocking and Cancer Have Distinct Effects on Protein and Redox Homeostasis in Skeletal Muscle and Liver. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1917. [PMID: 30713500 PMCID: PMC6345696 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting in cancer cachexia can be alleviated by blocking activin receptor type 2 (ACVR2) ligands through changes in protein synthesis/degradation. These changes in cellular and protein metabolism may alter protein homeostasis. First, we elucidated the acute (1–2 days) and 2-week effects of blocking ACVR2 ligands by soluble activin receptor 2B (sACVR2B-Fc) on unfolded protein response (UPR), heat shock proteins (HSPs) and redox balance in a healthy mouse skeletal muscle. Second, we examined UPR, autophagy and redox balance with or without sACVR2B-Fc administration in muscle and liver of C26 tumor-bearing mice. The indicators of UPR and HSPs were not altered 1–2 days after a single sACVR2B-Fc administration in healthy muscles, but protein carbonyls increased (p < 0.05). Two weeks of sACVR2B-Fc administration increased muscle size, which was accompanied by increased UPR markers: GRP78 (p < 0.05), phosphorylated eIF2α (p < 0.01) and HSP47 (p < 0.01). Additionally, protein carbonyls and reduced form of glutathione increased (GSH) (p < 0.05). On the other hand, C26 cancer cachexia manifested decreased UPR markers (p-eIF2α, HSP47, p-JNK; p < 0.05) and antioxidant GSH (p < 0.001) in muscle, whereas the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione increased (GSSG/GSH; p < 0.001). Administration of sACVR2B-Fc prevented the decline in GSH and increased some of the UPR indicators in tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, autophagy markers LC3II/I (p < 0.05), Beclin-1 (p < 0.01), and P62 (p < 0.05) increased in the skeletal muscle of tumor-bearing mice. Finally, indicators of UPR, PERK, p-eIF2α and GRP78, increased (p < 0.05), whereas ATF4 was strongly decreased (p < 0.01) in the liver of tumor-bearing mice while sACVR2B-Fc had no effect. Muscle GSH and many of the altered UPR indicators correlated with tumor mass, fat mass and body mass loss. In conclusion, experimental cancer cachexia is accompanied by distinct and tissue-specific changes in proteostasis. Muscle hypertrophy induced by blocking ACVR2B ligands may be accompanied by the induction of UPR and increased protein carbonyls but blocking ACVR2B ligands may upregulate antioxidant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Hentilä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuuli A Nissinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ayhan Korkmaz
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna Lensu
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mika Silvennoinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Neuromuscular Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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46
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Ballarò R, Beltrà M, De Lucia S, Pin F, Ranjbar K, Hulmi JJ, Costelli P, Penna F. Moderate exercise in mice improves cancer plus chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting and mitochondrial alterations. FASEB J 2019; 33:5482-5494. [PMID: 30653354 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801862r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by anorexia, body wasting, and muscle and adipose tissue loss, impairing patient's tolerance to anticancer treatments and survival. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects induced in mice by tumor growth alone (C26) or in combination with chemotherapy [C26 oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (oxfu)] and to evaluate the potential of moderate exercise. Oxfu administration to C26 mice exacerbated muscle wasting and triggered autophagy or mitophagy, decreased protein synthesis, and induced mitochondrial alterations. Exercise in C26 oxfu mice counteracted the loss of muscle mass and strength, partially rescuing autophagy and mitochondrial function. Nevertheless, exercise worsened survival in C26 oxfu mice in late stages of cachexia. In summary, chemotherapy further impinges on cancer-induced alterations, worsening muscle wasting. An ideal multifactorial and early intervention to prevent cancer cachexia could take advantage of exercise, improving patient's energy metabolism, mobility, and quality of life.-Ballarò, R., Beltrà, M., De Lucia, S., Pin, F., Ranjbar, K., Hulmi, J. J., Costelli, P., Penna, F. Moderate exercise in mice improves cancer plus chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting and mitochondrial alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Ballarò
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Assisi, Italy
| | - Marc Beltrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Assisi, Italy
| | - Serena De Lucia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Assisi, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kia Ranjbar
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Assisi, Italy
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology Unit, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Assisi, Italy
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47
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Counts BR, Fix DK, Hetzler KL, Carson JA. The Effect of Estradiol Administration on Muscle Mass Loss and Cachexia Progression in Female Apc Min/+ Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:720. [PMID: 31736871 PMCID: PMC6838005 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial muscle wasting condition characterized by severe body weight and muscle mass loss which is secondary to chronic disease. The mechanistic examination of cachexia has predominately focused on the male phenotype and created significant gaps in understanding cachexia progression in the female. Female hypogonadism can accompany cancer cachexia and is characterized by reduced circulating 17ß-estradiol and uterine atrophy. Estrogen has known functions in skeletal muscle homeostasis involving the regulation of muscle protein turnover, cellular stressors, and oxidative metabolism. However, 17ß-estradiol's ability to regulate cachexia progression in the female is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gonadal function and estradiol administration on muscle mass loss and cachexia progression in female Apc Min/+ mice. Methods: Female C57BL/6 (B6; N = 82) and Apc Min/+ (MIN; N = 88) mice were used in two separate experiments. In experiment 1, mice were sacrificed at either 12 (N = 20) or 20 (N = 41) weeks of age. Body weight and estrous cycle presence was determined weekly. In experiment 2, B6 and MIN mice were randomly allocated to: Control (N = 17), received E2 pellet (E2, N = 18), ovariectomy surgery (OVX; N = 19) or ovariectomy surgery with E2 pellet (OVX + E2; N = 21). 17ß-estradiol was administered through an implanted slow-releasing pellet (0.1 mg). In estrogen and ovariectomy experiments, food intake, and functional outcomes were recorded 1 week prior to sacrifice. Results: We report that E2 administration prevented body weight loss, muscle mass loss, cage inactivity, and grip strength loss associated with cachexia. In skeletal muscle, E2 reduced skeletal muscle AMPK phosphorylation, improved mTORC1 signaling, and prevented mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate a role for 17ß-estradiol for the prevention of skeletal muscle mass loss in female tumor bearing mice. Furthermore, 17ß-estradiol prevented cachexia's disruption in skeletal muscle signaling involving AMPK and mTORC1, in addition to improving mitochondrial function in female tumor bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R. Counts
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Dennis K. Fix
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Kimbell L. Hetzler
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - James A. Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: James A. Carson
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48
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Yakovenko A, Cameron M, Trevino JG. Molecular therapeutic strategies targeting pancreatic cancer induced cachexia. World J Gastrointest Surg 2018; 10:95-106. [PMID: 30622678 PMCID: PMC6314860 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v10.i9.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) induced cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality and reduced quality of life. The pathophysiology of cachexia is complex and poorly understood. Many molecular signaling pathways are involved in PC and cachexia. Though our understanding of cancer cachexia is growing, therapeutic options remain limited. Thus, further discovery and investigation of the molecular signaling pathways involved in the pathophysiology of cachexia can be applied to development of targeted therapies. This review focuses on three main pathophysiologic processes implicated in the development and progression of cachexia in PC, as well as their utility in the discovery of novel targeted therapies.
Skeletal muscle wasting is the most prominent pathophysiologic anomaly in cachectic patients and driven by multiple regulatory pathways. Several known molecular pathways that mediate muscle wasting and cachexia include transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), myostatin and activin, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and JAK-STAT signaling. TGF-β antagonism in cachectic mice reduces skeletal muscle catabolism and weight loss, while improving overall survival. Myostatin/activin inhibition has a great therapeutic potential since it plays an essential role in skeletal muscle regulation. Overexpression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) leads to increased ubiquitination associated proteolysis, inhibition of myogenesis, and decreased muscle mass in PC induced cachexia. IGFBP-3 antagonism alleviates muscle cell wasting.
Another component of cachexia is profound systemic inflammation driven by pro-cachectic cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (INF-γ). IL-6 antagonism has been shown to reduce inflammation, reduce skeletal muscle loss, and ameliorate cachexia. While TNF-α inhibitors are clinically available, blocking TNF-α signaling is not effective in the treatment of cancer cachexia. Blocking the synthesis or action of acute phase reactants and cytokines is a feasible therapeutic strategy, but no anti-cytokine therapies are currently approved for use in PC. Metabolic alterations such as increased energy expenditure and gluconeogenesis, insulin resistance, fat tissue browning, excessive oxidative stress, and proteolysis with amino acid mobilization support tumor growth and the development of cachexia. Current innovative nutritional strategies for cachexia management include ketogenic diet, utilization of natural compounds such as silibinin, and supplementation with ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids. Elevated ketone bodies exhibit an anticancer and anticachectic effect. Silibinin has been shown to inhibit growth of PC cells, induce metabolic alterations, and reduce myofiber degradation. Consumption of ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids has been shown to significantly decrease resting energy expenditure and regulate metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Yakovenko
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Miles Cameron
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Jose Gilberto Trevino
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida Health Sciences Center, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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49
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Barreto SG. Pancreatic cancer: let us focus on cachexia, not just sarcopenia! Future Oncol 2018; 14:2791-2794. [PMID: 30192167 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Savio George Barreto
- Division of Surgery & Perioperative Medicine Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
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50
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Nissinen TA, Hentilä J, Penna F, Lampinen A, Lautaoja JH, Fachada V, Holopainen T, Ritvos O, Kivelä R, Hulmi JJ. Treating cachexia using soluble ACVR2B improves survival, alters mTOR localization, and attenuates liver and spleen responses. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:514-529. [PMID: 29722201 PMCID: PMC5989872 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia increases morbidity and mortality, and blocking of activin receptor ligands has improved survival in experimental cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully uncovered. METHODS The effects of blocking activin receptor type 2 (ACVR2) ligands on both muscle and non-muscle tissues were investigated in a preclinical model of cancer cachexia using a recombinant soluble ACVR2B (sACVR2B-Fc). Treatment with sACVR2B-Fc was applied either only before the tumour formation or with continued treatment both before and after tumour formation. The potential roles of muscle and non-muscle tissues in cancer cachexia were investigated in order to understand the possible mechanisms of improved survival mediated by ACVR2 ligand blocking. RESULTS Blocking of ACVR2 ligands improved survival in tumour-bearing mice only when the mice were treated both before and after the tumour formation. This occurred without effects on tumour growth, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines or the level of physical activity. ACVR2 ligand blocking was associated with increased muscle (limb and diaphragm) mass and attenuation of both hepatic protein synthesis and splenomegaly. Especially, the effects on the liver and the spleen were observed independent of the treatment protocol. The prevention of splenomegaly by sACVR2B-Fc was not explained by decreased markers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Decreased tibialis anterior, diaphragm, and heart protein synthesis were observed in cachectic mice. This was associated with decreased mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) colocalization with late-endosomes/lysosomes, which correlated with cachexia and reduced muscle protein synthesis. CONCLUSIONS The prolonged survival with continued ACVR2 ligand blocking could potentially be attributed in part to the maintenance of limb and respiratory muscle mass, but many observed non-muscle effects suggest that the effect may be more complex than previously thought. Our novel finding showing decreased mTOR localization in skeletal muscle with lysosomes/late-endosomes in cancer opens up new research questions and possible treatment options for cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli A Nissinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Jaakko Hentilä
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Anita Lampinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Juulia H Lautaoja
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Vasco Fachada
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland
| | - Tanja Holopainen
- Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Riikka Kivelä
- Translational Cancer Biology Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Rautpohjankatu 8, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
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