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Bertolotto M, Derchi LE, Secil M, Dogra V, Sidhu PS, Clements R, Freeman S, Grenier N, Mannelli L, Ramchandani P, Cicero C, Abete L, Bussani R, Rocher L, Spencer J, Tsili A, Valentino M, Pavlica P. Grayscale and color Doppler features of testicular lymphoma. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2015; 34:1139-1145. [PMID: 26014335 PMCID: PMC4977091 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.34.6.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pooled data from 16 radiology centers were retrospectively analyzed to seek patients with pathologically proven testicular lymphoma and grayscale and color Doppler images available for review. Forty-three cases were found: 36 (84%) primary and 7 (16%) secondary testicular lymphoma. With unilateral primary lymphoma, involvement was unifocal (n = 10), multifocal (n = 11), or diffuse (n = 11). Synchronous bilateral involvement occurred in 6 patients. Color Doppler sonography showed normal testicular vessels within the tumor in 31 of 43 lymphomas (72%). Testicular lymphoma infiltrates through the tubules, preserving the normal vascular architecture of the testis. Depiction of normal testicular vessels crossing the lesion is a useful adjunctive diagnostic criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bertolotto
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.).
| | - Lorenzo E Derchi
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Mustafa Secil
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Vikram Dogra
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Paul S Sidhu
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Richard Clements
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Simon Freeman
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Nicolas Grenier
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Mannelli
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Parvati Ramchandani
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Calogero Cicero
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Luca Abete
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Rossana Bussani
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Laurence Rocher
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - John Spencer
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Athina Tsili
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Massimo Valentino
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
| | - Pietro Pavlica
- Departments of Radiology (M.B.) and Pathology (R.B.), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Department of Radiology (L.E.D.), and Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche, Settore Anatomia Patologica (L.A.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey (M.S.); University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York USA (V.D.); Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England (P.S.S.); Department of Radiology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, England (R.C.); X-Ray West, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, England (S.F.); Service d'Imagerie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle de l'Adulte, Groupe Hospitalier Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (N.G.); Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York USA (L.M.); Department of Genitourinary Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA (P.R.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale San Bassiano, Bassano del Grappa, Italy (C.C.); Department of Radiology, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France (L.R.); Department of Clinical Radiology, St James Institute of Oncology, Leeds England (J.S.); Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece (A.T.); Department of Radiology, Ospedale Sant'Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo, Italy (M.V.); and Servizio di Diagnostica per Immagini, Villalba Hospital, Bologna, Italy (P.P.)
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