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Hao JH, Xiao PT, Duan PB, Miao DY, Jiang XY, Kuang YJ, Liu EH. Authentication of Platycladus Orientalis Leaves and Its Five Adulterants by Combination of Morphology and Microscopic Characteristics, TLC, and HPLC Analysis. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:1295-1304. [PMID: 37243686 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platycladus orientalis leaves (POL), as the source of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Platycladi Cacumen, has frequently been found to be misused with five adulterants including Chamaecyparis obtusa leaves (COL), Cupressus funebris leaves (CFL), Juniperus virginiana leaves (JVL), Sabina chinensis leaves (SCL), and Juniperus formosana leaves (JFL). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to distinguish POL (fresh leaves) from its five adulterants (fresh leaves). METHODS The micromorphological features in terms of transection and microscopic characteristics of POL and adulterants were captured and compared using the an microscope. Both HPLC and TLC methods for the simultaneous determination of six bioactive flavonoids (myricitrin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, amentoflavone, afzelin, and hinokiflavone) have been developed. RESULTS There were significant differences in microscopic features of transverse section and powders. The TLC results suggested that the spots of myricitrin in POL were more obvious than those in the five adulterants. The contents of myricitrin and quercitrin, or the total content of flavonoids in POL, determined by HPLC, were significantly higher than those in the adulterants. CONCLUSION POL was successfully distinguished from its five adulterants by the comparison of morphology, microscopic characteristics, and chemical profiles. HIGHLIGHTS This research provides a comprehensive morphology, microscopic identification, TLC, and HPLC analysis for authenticating POL and its five adulterants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Hao
- China Pharmaceutical University, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ping-Ting Xiao
- China Pharmaceutical University, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Peng-Bo Duan
- China Pharmaceutical University, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dan-Yang Miao
- China Pharmaceutical University, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yu Jiang
- China Pharmaceutical University, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yu-Jia Kuang
- China Pharmaceutical University, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, PR China
| | - E-Hu Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, PR China
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2
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Ren S, Lu X, Hu Z, Liu J. Light and scanning electron microscopy observations on morphological diversity of Rosaceae stigma and its taxonomic significance. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2866-2879. [PMID: 35475587 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The stigma morphology can provide a reference for exploring plant systematics and pollination biology. In this study, we observed the stigma morphological characteristics of Rosaceae in Beijing urban area in detail using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The stigma of Rosaceae is entire or bilobed and mostly baculate, crateriform, cristate, discoid, or flattened. The stigma surface may have irregular, strongly raised ridges; or flat without papillae; or composed of densely or loosely arranged papillary cells. Surface ornamentation includes fossulate, psilate, psilate-striate, rugulate, scabrate, striate, and striate-rugulate. There are similarities in stigma morphology among genera and differences in stigma morphology among species within genera. The stigma shape supports the view of molecular systematic classification, that is, the former subfamilies Maloideae, Prunoideae, and Spiraeoideae are grouped into subfamily Amygdaloideae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Ren
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojian Lu
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Ziming Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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3
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Irfan M, Jan G, Murad W, Jan FG. Taxonomic importance of spore morphology of selected taxa of Asplenium (Aspleniaceae) from Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2486-2496. [PMID: 35302690 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Taxonomic importance of spore morphology of seven taxa of genus Asplenium (Aspleniaceae) from Pakistan is illustrated with SEM. Spore morphology of the taxa were monolete with bilateral symmetry, distal and proximal view were ellipsoidal, spheroidal, equatorial view were hemicircular; perispore surface were alate, costate, costate-alate, with reticulate and tuberculate ornamentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.,Department of Botany, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan.,Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gul Jan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Murad
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Farzana Gul Jan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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4
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Lu X, Ye X, Hu Z, Liu J. The morphology of stigma of Asteraceae observed by scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2292-2304. [PMID: 35191564 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of stigma has taxonomic values. To further explore the taxonomy of family Asteraceae, the morphological characteristics of stigma of 28 genera, 32 species, and two varieties in the family were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the stigma morphology of these Asteraceae plants could be divided into 10 types, of which eight are reported for the first time. The morphological characteristics of stigma support the close relationship between genera Aster and Erigeron and among genera Sonchus, Taraxacum, and Youngia. Our results enriched the stigma type diversity data and provided a morphological basis for the study of the phylogenetic evolution of Asteraceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Lu
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiufen Ye
- Huludao City Teachers Training College, Huludao, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziming Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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5
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Al-Assar NB, Khattak MNK, Mashwani ZUR, Kanan S, Ullah I, Ali U, Khan AA. Phytochemical profile and antiproliferative activities of acetone extracts of Asplenium polypodioides Blume. and A. dalhousiae Hook. in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6324-6331. [PMID: 34764753 PMCID: PMC8568994 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The plants extracts are widely used in traditional medicines and hence considered a potential source for drug discovery. In this study, we assessed the phytochemical composition of Asplenium dalhousiae and Asplenium polypodioides in acetone extracts and checked its antiproliferative potential in MDA-MB-231 cells. We found that both plants are rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds and are efficient in antioxidant activities. The total phenolic compounds in A. dalhousiae were 44.15 ± 1.38 µg/mg whereas in A. polypodioides were 27.73 ± 1.35 µg/mg. Total flavonoids in A. dalhousiae were 105.39 ± 2.92 µg/mg whereas in A. polypodioides were 101.56 ± 1.75 µg/mg. The ferric reducing power assay indicates 66.38 ± 2.6% reduction by A. dalhousiae whereas 78.43 ± 0.47% reduction by A. polypodioides. Similarly, the total antioxidant capacity of A. dalhousiae was found to be 59.95 ± 1.13 whereas for A. polypodioides the recorded value was 33.03 ± 1.67%. Using GCMS analysis, we identified 25 compounds in A. dalhousiae whereas 26 in A. polypodioides. Four of these compounds are common in both plants. The morphological study and MTT assay revealed that both plants have antiproliferative potential as both plants exerted significant effects on the shape of the MDA-MB-231 cells and inhibited cellular proliferation in time and dose dependent manner. We conclude that both Asplenium plants have potential anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Beesan Al-Assar
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Nasir Khan Khattak
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Human Genetics and Stem Cells Research Group, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zia-Ur-Rehman Mashwani
- Department of Botany Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sofian Kanan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali
- Department of Botany Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Ali Khan
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Human Genetics and Stem Cells Research Group, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Uza NU, Dastagir G. Microscopic and pharmacognostic standardization of Astragalus scorpiurus Bunge. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:324-338. [PMID: 34390533 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to assess and compare the microscopic and pharmacognostic features of the selected parts of Astragalus scorpiurus Bunge. It is an annual and prostrate herb. Anatomy of leaves, stem, and root depicted a typical dicot structure. It will provide information regarding standardization and authentication. The powder drug study (Light Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy) revealed the presence of xylem and phloem vessels, epidermal fragments, cortical cells, fibers, parenchyma tissue, calcium oxalate crystals, nonglandular trichomes, anomocytic stomata, and so on. It will be helpful in identification and quality control. Pollen and seeds micro-morphological features were observed through LM and SEM. These will play a vital role in the taxonomical identification of taxa and provide satisfactory information for taxonomists. Fluorescence analysis revealed different colors under visible and UV light. Extractive values were determined. Powder of the plant parts revealed high extraction in methanol followed by ethanol. Elemental and nutritional profiling were evaluated during two phenological periods that is, vegetative and postflowering period. There were significant phenological variations in mineral and nutritional status of the herb. These parameters are crucial for drug prescription and drug designing. These also provided information regarding nutraceutical and therapeutic value of this herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Ul Uza
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Dastagir
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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7
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Hameed A, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Sultana S, Bahadur S, Anjum F, Shuaib M, Taj S, Irm M, Altaf MA. Chemo-taxonomic and biological potential of highly therapeutic plant Pedicularis groenlandica Retz. using multiple microscopic techniques. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2890-2905. [PMID: 34077585 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pedicularis groenlandica is one of the most important medicinal plant of Deosai Plateau (Gilgit-Baltistan) Pakistan. The present study was aim to evaluate the micromorphological features, phytochemical screening and pharmacological potential of P. groenlandica by using multiple microscopic techniques. Six different solvents were used to prepare P. groenlandica extracts. Phytochemical and antioxidant activities were determined calorimetrically. To investigate antidiabetic, α-amylase inhibition assay was performed. Cytotoxicity was tested using brine shrimp assay. Anti-leishmanial via MTT assay. Disc-diffusion assay was used for protein kinase inhibitory, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Palyno-anatomical study showed significant variation for the authentication and correct identification of this highly therapeutic plant by using light and scanning electron microscopic techniques. All extracts were found rich in phytochemicals, significant amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in methanol extract (PGM) 95.78 mg GAE/g and 66.90 mg QE/g. Highest DPPH scavenging potential with IC50 88.65 μg/mL, total antioxidant capacity (60.33 mg AAE/g sample) and total reducing power (83.97 mg AAE/g) were found for PGM. Disc-diffusion method showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities. Noticeable growth inhibition in L. tropica was displayed by n-hexane extract (IC50 112 μg/mL). Brine shrimp with highest LD50 (67.65 μg/mL) in ethyl-acetate extract. Ethanol extract gives persuasive protein kinase inhibition (26 mm) against Streptomyces 85-E hyphae. Highest alpha-amylase inhibition (74.10%) was found in n-hexane extract. In conclusion, our findings scientifically support the ethno-medicinal and biological potential of P. groenlandica. In future, the plant needs to be explored for further identification and isolation of bioactive compounds to develop new drugs to treat several aliments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Hameed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- College of Forestry Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Farida Anjum
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shuaib
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Sehrish Taj
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization In South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228, China
| | - Misbah Irm
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization In South China Sea, Hainan University Haikou 570228, China
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8
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Verma S, Yadav A. Rising trends towards the development of oral herbal male contraceptive: an insight review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundAcknowledging population control to be an essential step for global health promotes wide research study in the area of male contraception. Although there are a great number of synthetic contraceptives available in the market, they have plenty of adverse effects. Different potential strategies for male contraception were investigated over a long period time consisting of hormonal, chemical, and immunological interventions, although these methods showed good antifertility results with low failure rates relative to condoms.Main textThis review is based upon the concept of herbal contraceptives which are an effective method for controlling the fertility of animals and humans. This review has highlighted herbal medicinal plants and plant extracts which have been reported to possess significant antifertility action in males. The review considers those plants which are used traditionally for their spermicidal and antispermatogenic activities and imbalance essential hormones for fertility purposes and plants with reported animal studies as well as some with human studies for antifertility effect along with their doses, chemical constituents, and mechanism of action of the antifertility effect of the plants. This review also explains the phases of sperm formation, hormone production, and the mechanism of male contraceptives.ConclusionAs far as the relevance of the current review is discussed, it might be quite useful in generating monographs on plants and recommendations on their use. A lot of the plant species listed here might appear promising as effective alternative oral fertility-regulating agents in males. Therefore, significant research into the chemical and biological properties of such less-explored plants is still needed to determine their contraceptive efficacy and also to possibly define their toxic effects so that these ingredients can be utilized with confidence to regulate male fertility. The new inventions in this field are necessary to concentrate on modern, more potent drugs with less harmful content and that are self-administrable, less costly, and entirely reversible.
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9
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Shah SN, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Hadi F, Khan MN, Noor A, Malik K, Rashid N, Kamal A, Iqbal M. Spore morphology and leaf epidermal anatomy as a taxonomic source in the identification of Asplenium species from Malakand division Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:1354-1368. [PMID: 32696546 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated the usefulness of leaf epidermal, and spore morphological characters in the taxonomy of genus Asplenium. However, works on the Pakistani species of Asplenium are not existent. With the objective to verify the efficacy of leaf epidermal and spore morphological traits, the leaf epidermis and spore morphology in nine Asplenium species occurring in Malakand division was studied. The spores were studied under light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), whereas for leaf epidermal anatomy, the LM was used. The spores are monolete, ellipsoidal in shape, the equatorial and polar diameter ranges between 28.3 and 50.2 × 27.6 and 45.8 μm. The exospore thickness varied from 0.5 to 3.8 μm. The perispore is 0.8-3.5 μm thick, ornamented, and morphologically variable. The spores characters specifically the perispore ornamentation are useful in distinguishing species within the genus. The irregular spore shape and unusual development of perispore wall surface characterize aborted spores in the species of Asplenium × alternifolium. The most informative quantitative characters appeared to be length and width of epidermal cells, and length and width of stomata were useful to distinguish species. The most significant qualitative characters to distinguish species were the anticlinal wall pattern. Our study has shown that considerable variations exist in the leaf epidermis of Asplenium species, at least some of which has taxonomic significance. We confirmed the prevalent taxonomic value of stomatal and epidermal cells traits. The leaf epidermal anatomy and spore morphological features showed to be a good source of information for taxonomy of the genus Asplenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Science Laboratory, Government High School, Dherai Puran, Shangla, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Hadi
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nauman Khan
- Department of Botany, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Peshawar, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Adil Noor
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khafsa Malik
- Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Neelam Rashid
- Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Asif Kamal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Majid Iqbal
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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10
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Bahadur S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Gul S, Ayaz A, Ashfaq S, Rubab S, Shuaib M, Ahmad S. Taxonomic study of one generic and two new species record to the flora of Pakistan using multiple microscopic techniques. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:345-353. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- College of Life and Pharmaceutical SciencesHainan University Haikou China
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saba Gul
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shomaila Ashfaq
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saima Rubab
- Department of PharmacognosyLahore Pharmacy College LMDC Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shuaib
- School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University Kunming China
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Key laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and PestsHainan University Haikou China
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11
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Hu Z, Zhao Y, Zhao C, Liu J. Taxonomic importance of pollen morphology in Veratrum
L. (Melanthiaceae) using microscopic techniques. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:865-876. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies; Capital Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies; Capital Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Chunhai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies; Capital Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies; Capital Normal University; Beijing China
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12
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Bashir K, Sohail A, Ali U, Ullah A, Ul Haq Z, Gul B, Ullah I, Sunera, Asghar M. Foliar micromorphology and its role in identification of the Apocynaceae taxa. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:755-766. [PMID: 32118344 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluate the importance of foliar epidermal micromorphological characteristics of Apocyanaceae for accurate identification and classification. The species were collected from the University of Peshawar's main campus in the spring season to observe its qualitative and quantitative features. The length and width of guard cells, stomatal pore and subsidiary cells, trichomes, and crypts on both sides of the leaf were examined. Many species were observed to be hypostomatic. Plumeria rubra, Raulfia serpentine, Thevetia peruviana, Trachelospermum lucidum, Alstonia scholaris, and Catharanthus roseus demonstrated hypostomatic leaves. Nearly all the investigated species had anisocytic type of stomata only or in combination with other types of stomata on the upper and lower epidermis. Carissa carandas had anomocytic, anisocytic, and cyclocytic type of stomata on the upper epidermis, and the lower epidermis showed variations in stomatal type, such as anomocytic, stephanocytic, brachyparacytic, and hemiparacytic. Nerium oleander had no specific shape of stomata but showed stomatal crypts in which the stomata were enclosed inside many trichomes. The taxonomic key based on stomatal types, epidermal cells, stomatal index value, and statistical analysis, along with the variations in the epidermal cells, shows the link between the selected plants species, which will provide a baseline for future anatomical studies. This study highlights many undocumented micromorphological characteristics. The anatomical characteristics observed in this study will be helpful for taxonomic identification and species delimitation of the family Apocynaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalsoom Bashir
- Centre of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Sohail
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali
- Centre of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah
- Centre of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ul Haq
- Department of Botany, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Brekhna Gul
- Department of Botany, University of Swabi, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Inam Ullah
- Government Postgraduate College Timergara, Timergara, Department of Botany, Pakistan
| | - Sunera
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehrina Asghar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, AJ&K, Pakistan
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13
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Khan AS, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Athar M, Ozdemir FA, Gilani SAA, Sultana S, Ahmad S, Butt MA, Majeed S, Khan SU. Morphological characterization of Hypnaceae (Bryopsida, Hypnales): Investigating four genera from Western Himalayas by using LM and SEM techniques. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:676-690. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Shehzad Khan
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Athar
- California Department of Food & Agriculture Sacramento California USA
| | - Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and ArtsBingol University Bingol Turkey
| | | | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Maryam Akram Butt
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Salman Majeed
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shahzeb Ullah Khan
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
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14
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Zaman W, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Amina H, Lubna, Ullah F, Bahadur S, Ayaz A, Saqib S, Begum N, Jahan S. The quest for some novel antifertility herbals used as male contraceptives in district Shangla, Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Bano A, Rashid S, Ahmad M, Bhatti GR, Yaseen G, Anjum F, Ahmed SN, Zafar M, Asma M, Sultana S, Adeel M, Ozdemir FA, Kilic O. Comparative pollen and foliar micromorphological studies using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of some selected species of Lamiaceae from Alpine Zone of Deosai Plateau, Western Himalayas. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:579-588. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abida Bano
- Department of BotanyFG Degree College for Women, Skardu Pakistan
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sofia Rashid
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of Bio sciencesCOMSATS University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | | | - Ghulam Yaseen
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of BotanyPMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Farida Anjum
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sidra N. Ahmed
- Department of BotanyThe Women University Multan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Maliha Asma
- Department of Environmental SciencesInternational Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Department of BotanyPMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Fethi A. Ozdemir
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsBingol University Turkey
| | - Omer Kilic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Science of Pharmacy Adıyaman Turkey
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16
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Haq ZU, Rashid A, Khan SM, Razzaq A, Al-Yahyai RA, Kamran S, Ali SG, Ali S, Saifullah, Abdullah, Rehman A. In vitro and in vivo propagation of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. An economical medicinal plant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Hadidchi A, Attar F, Ullah F. Using microscopic techniques for taxonomic implications of seed and fruits of
Delphinium
L. (sensu lato) (Ranunculaceae). Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:99-117. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Hadidchi
- Central Herbarium of Tehran University, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms and Department of Plant Science, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Farideh Attar
- Central Herbarium of Tehran University, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms and Department of Plant Science, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Fazal Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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18
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Feroze N, Arshad B, Younas M, Afridi MI, Saqib S, Ayaz A. Fungal mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of antibacterial activity. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:72-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Feroze
- Department of BiotechnologyMohi‐Ud‐Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif Pakistan
| | - Bushra Arshad
- Department of BiotechnologyMohi‐Ud‐Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Younas
- Department of BiotechnologyMohi‐Ud‐Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif Pakistan
| | | | - Saddam Saqib
- Department of BiotechnologyMohi‐Ud‐Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif Pakistan
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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19
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Song Y, Zhao C, Zhao Y, Liu J. Pollen morphology of
Aletris
L. (Nartheciaceae) and its systematic significance. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:2061-2071. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Song
- College of Life SciencesCapital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Chunhai Zhao
- College of Life SciencesCapital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- College of Life SciencesCapital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- College of Life SciencesCapital Normal University Beijing China
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20
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Shaheen S, Jaffer M, Khalid S, Khan MA, Hussain K, Butt MM, Rauf Siddiqui A, Ashfaq M, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Khan F. Microscopic techniques used for the identification of medicinal plants: A case study of Senna. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1660-1667. [PMID: 31267600 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of quality control tool for adulteration of Senna (Cassia aungustifolia) a pharmaceutically very important. They were used for multiple health disorders such as constipation, indigestion, epilepsy, asthma, piles, migraine, and heart problems. Two different species of same family or same genus used commercially in Indo-Pak using the same medicine name Senna. One named as Senna (C. aungustifolia) and its adulterant named as Sickle Senna (Cassia obtusifolia). METHODOLOGY These two plants were analyzed using classical microscopic techniques light microscopy and the modern chemotaxonomic traits scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence studies and phytochemical studies. RESULTS The C. aungustifolia L. had found to be a perennial herb with trilobed pollen, diacytic, paracytic, and anisocytic stomata having smooth walled epidermal cells, whereas the C. obtusifolia stands out as a perennial shrub with spheroidal and circular pollen and paracytic type of stomata having irregular shaped epidermal cells. The powdered drug of C. aungustifolia is dark grayish green, whereas the powdered drug of C. obtusifolia is light green in color. Investigation and other techniques used in this project provided the basis for the authentication of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnum Shaheen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Jaffer
- Department of Plant Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Plant Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Farah Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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21
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Gul S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Bahadur S, Celep F, Sultana S, Begum N, Hanif U, Zaman W, Shuaib M, Ayaz A. Taxonomic significance of foliar epidermal morphology in Lamiaceae from Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1507-1528. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Gul
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Center of Natural Product LabChengdu Institute of Biology Chengdu China
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ferhat Celep
- Department of BiologyKırıkkale University Kırıkkale Turkey
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Najla Begum
- Department of BotanyQurtuba University of Science & Information Technology Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Uzma Hanif
- Department of BotanyGovernment College University Lahore Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Muhammad Shuaib
- School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University Kunming China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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22
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Shah SN, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Ullah F, Zaman W, Malik K, Rashid N, Gul S. Taxonomic importance of spore morphology in
Thelypteridaceae
from
Northern Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1326-1333. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed N. Shah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Science LaboratoryGovernment High School Dherai Puran Shangla Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource UtilizationChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Khafsa Malik
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Neelam Rashid
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saba Gul
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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23
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David M, Ain QU, Ahmad M, Zaman W, Jahan S. A biochemical and histological approach to study antifertility effects of methanol leaf extract of
Asplenium dalhousiae
Hook. in adult male rats. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13262. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish David
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Physiology Laboratory Quaid i Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Qurat ul Ain
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Physiology Laboratory Quaid i Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory Quaid i Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Plant Systematics and Biodiversity Laboratory Quaid i Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- Department of Animal Sciences, Reproductive Physiology Laboratory Quaid i Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
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