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Zhu D, Qu X, Sun X, Yan S, Guo H, Li Y. Comparative authentication of Semiliquidambar cathayensis and its substituted species via macroscopic and microscopic features. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2022; 14:535-542. [PMID: 36405063 PMCID: PMC9669356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ban Fenghe recorded in the Quality Standard of Yao Medicine of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Volume 1) is derived from the dried stems and leaves of Semiliquidambar cathayensis. It is usually confused with medicinal herbs from Pterospermum heterophyllum and Dendropanax dentiger. However, they are very different in chemical composition, and should not be used as the same drug. To ensure their safety and efficacy, a method based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics was developed to distinguish them. Methods A total of 14 batches of Ban Fenghe samples from three species were collected from different producing areas in China. The macroscopic characteristics were examined by observing external traits. The tissue structures of transverse sections of stems and leaves, the leaf epidermis, and the powder were observed microscopically. Results The branchlets and leaf surfaces of S. cathayensis and P. heterophyllum were hairy, especially the lower leaf surfaces of P. heterophyllum were densely covered with hairs, but those of D. dentiger were hairless. The pericyclic fibers of S. cathayensis stems were intermittently distributed in a circular shape and accompanied by stone cells, whereas those of P. heterophyllum and D. dentiger were bundled without stone cells. So stone cells and hairs were present in S. cathayensis powder, stone cells were not found in P. heterophyllum and D. dentiger powder, and hairs were not present in D. dentiger powder. The distribution sites, sizes and types of secretory tissues of these three species were also different in transverse sections of stems and leaves. Stomata on the lower epidermis of S. cathayensis leaves were paracytic, whereas those of P. heterophyllum and D. dentiger were anomocytic. Conclusion Ban Fenghe drugs derived from S. cathayensis could readily be distinguished from those of P. heterophyllum and D. dentiger by macroscopic and microscopic features.
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Khan A, Ahmad M, Zafar S, Abbas Q, Arfan M, Zafar M, Sultana S, Ullah SA, Khan S, Akhtar A, Kilic O, Ozdemir FA. Light and scanning electron microscopic observation of palynological characteristics in spineless Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) and its taxonomic significance. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2409-2427. [PMID: 35302261 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Palynological characterization is considered to be one of the significant taxonomic tools for the delimitation and identification of morphologically complicated taxa. Hence, the pollen morphology of 12 species of spineless Astragalus L. was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Studied pollen were small to medium, monad, prolate to per-prolate and tricolporate type in all studied taxa. The exine sculpturing varied from reticulate to microreticulate whereas colpus ornamentation ranged from scabrate to granulate. Furthermore, maximum polar and equatorial diameter was recorded in Astragalus leucocephalus Bunge. (45.00 μm) and A. pyrrhotrichus Boiss. (22.91 μm) while minimum in A. amherstianus Benth. ex Royle (28.75 μm) and A. amherstianus Benth. ex Royle (15.00 μm), respectively. Similarly, the ratio of polar to equatorial diameter was recorded maximum in A. ophiocarpus Boiss. (2.05). The width of colpi was larger in A. hamosus L. (1.29 μm) and smaller in A. ophiocarpus Boiss. (0.62 μm). We have also found the maximum value of mesocolpium in A. retamocarpus Boiss. (2.08 μm) while minimum in A. oxyglottis Steven ex M.Bieb. (1.87 μm). The quantitative pollen attributes helped in the development of pollen keys for the accurate and quick identification of the studied species. Furthermore, ordination and cluster analysis were performed for the differentiation of the investigated taxa at species level. Based on our results, we conclude that pollen features can be used for the delimitation and identification of the studied taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Department of Botany, University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Biological Sciences Department, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arfan
- Department of Botany, University of Education Lahore, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sher Aman Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Siraj Khan
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Anam Akhtar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Omer Kilic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Science of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
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Attique R, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Zafar S, Ghufran MA, Mustafa MRU, Yaseen G, Ahmad L, Sultana S, Nabila, Zafar A, Majeed S. Pollen morphology of selected melliferous plants and its taxonomic implications using microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2361-2380. [PMID: 35247018 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to explore the melliferous bee flora pollen from arid zones of District Attock, Islamabad Capital and Rawalpindi. Morpho-palynological features has provided key information for the classification and help to explain the taxonomy of several genera and species. Therefore, in this work, we examined the morphological characters of pollen potentially to be used for the species delimitation of bee flora. A total of 18 bee floral species, classified into 12 different families were collected, pressed, identified and then acetolyized to observe the grains under microscopy. Bee pollen can be described by small, medium to large sized morphotypes presenting five types of shapes, prolate spheroidal in (seven species), sub-prolate (six species), oblate spheroidal (three species), oblate and prolate (one species each) was examined. The observed polar and equatorial diameter were found maximum in Zea mays 73.5 μm and Pelargonium inquinans 66.75 μm respectively. Pollen of six different types was found namely: tricolporate, 3-zonocolporate, monoportae, tetracolporate, tetraporate and mononsulcate. Whereas highest value of colpi length was measured in Grewia tenax (24.55 μm). Exine surface nature of pollen was examined echinate psilate and scabrate. Exine thickness noted to be maximum in Verbena tenuisecta (8.40 μm) and minimum in Citrus macrocarpa (0.4 μm). Bee floral species considered difficult to identify based on other morphological traits were successfully distinguished using pollen quantitative and qualitative traits, confirming the importance of pollen morphology to diagnose characters to correctly identify honeybee flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafia Attique
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad Ghufran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia.,Resource Sustainability, Institute of Self Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia
| | - Ghulam Yaseen
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Latif Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Upper Dir, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nabila
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqeela Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Majeed
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Anar M, Ahmad M, Zafar S, Elnaggar AY, Zafar M, Sultana S, Tariq A, Anjum F, Hussein EE, Kiliç Ö, Ozdemir FA. Palyno‐morphological diversity of Asteraceous and Poaceous allergenic plant using microscopic techniques in lesser
Himalaya‐Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2061-2075. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Anar
- Department of Plant Sciences Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology University of Education Lhaore Punjab 54770 Pakistan
| | - Ashraf Y. Elnaggar
- Department of Food Nutrition Science (Previously Chemistry), College of Science Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert‐Grassland Ecosystems Cele China
| | - Farida Anjum
- Department of Plant Sciences Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | | | - Ömer Kiliç
- Department of Basic Science of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Adıyaman University Adıyaman Turkey
| | - Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art Bingol University Bingol Turkey
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Yousaf Z, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Sultana S, Rozina, Ozdemir FA, Abidin SZU. Palyno-anatomical microscopic characterization of selected species of Boraginaceae and Fabaceae. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1332-1354. [PMID: 34953111 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Palyno-anatomical characterization of some selected species of Boraginaceae and Fabaceae using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted. Six species of them belongs to four genera of family Boraginaceae and other six species belongs to four genera of Fabaceae. The current study aimed to investigate palyno-anatomical features for correct identification and taxonomic significance. Pollen grains were acetolyzed and observed both qualitatively and quantitatively through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Statistical data was analyzed through cluster analysis which categorized plants into clusters. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to illustrate morphological variation among selected plant species. Studied plant species showed variation in shape, size, aperture type, exine ornamentation of pollen, size and shape of epidermal cells, types of stomata, guard cells, subsidiary cells and trichome types. Exine thickness was recorded maximum 2.30 ± 0.1 μm in Lablab purpureus and minimum 1.05 ± 0.2 in Gastrocotyle hispida. PCA summarized 73.78% of accumulative variance. Trichome index was observed highest 62% on the adaxial surface of Heliotropium europaeum and lowest 21% on adaxial surface of L. purpureus. These findings reinforce the importance of palyno-anatomical features in the characterization and identification of taxa. It was concluded that description of palyno-anatomical characteristics presented in this study, highly contribute to our knowledge for correct identification of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Yousaf
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rozina
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Bingol University, Turkey
| | - Sheikh Zain Ul Abidin
- Institute of Biological Sciences (Botany Program), Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
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Rashid N, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Malik K, Shah SN, Sultana S, Zahid N, Noshad Q, Siddiq Z. Use of scanning electron microscopy to analyze sculpturing pattern and internal features of pollen grain wall in some members of Astragaleae (subfamily: Papilionoidae). Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1631-1642. [PMID: 34921479 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Palynological features of tribe Astagaleae L. have been observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), to assess features that can be used to re-examine the placement and taxonomic position of tribe. The palynomorph attributes of 10 species included in three genera of Astragaleae (Astragalus L., Glycyrrhiza L., and Oxytropis DC.) are investigated. The assignment of genus Oxytropis in tribe Astragaleae was also reevaluated based on pollen characters. Pollen appear to be prolate, prolate-spheroidal, and subprolate. Polar axis size (P) varies from 31.3 μm ±1 to 17.5 μm ±1.4 and equatorial axis size (E) varies from 22.2 μm ±1.8 to 13.1 μm ±0.9. Prominent apertures found consistently dispersed along the surface of pollen. Three kinds of ornamentation pattern were recorded, that is, reticulate or reticulate-perforate and perforate. The studied species display variation in equatorial and polar diameter, aperturation and sculpturing pattern, exine thickness, and pollen shape. On the basis of descriptive pollen features, a dichotomous taxonomic key and UPGMA analysis has been made for effortless and quick identification. The study concluded that disparities of the entire features are typically unrelenting and concerned with the species and shows potential systematic significance. The combination of palynological attributes in association with additional traits has prospective for systematic identification at species and genus level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Rashid
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Plant Systematics & Biodiversity Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Plant Systematics & Biodiversity Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khafsa Malik
- Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Plant Systematics & Biodiversity Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Plant Systematics & Biodiversity Lab, Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Zahid
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Qumqum Noshad
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Siddiq
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Gul S, Latafat KR, Asma M, Ahmad M, Kilic Z, Zafar M, Ding Y, Malik A. Microscopic techniques for fabrication of polyethersulfone thin-film nanocomposite membranes intercalated with UiO-66-SO 3 H for heavy metal ions removal from water. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:1289-1299. [PMID: 34862680 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental remediation of heavy metals from wastewater is becoming popular area in the field of membrane technology. Heavy metals are toxic in nature and have ability to bioaccumulate in water bodies. In current study, zirconium-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs), that is, UiO-66 and UiO-66-SO3 H with a mean diameter of 200 nm were synthesized and intercalated into polyethersulfone (PES) substrate to fabricate thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes via an interfacial polymerization (IP) method. TFN membranes exhibit higher selectivity and permeability as compared to thin-film composite (TFC) membranes for heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg). Zirconium-based MOFs are highly stable in water and due to smaller pore size enhanced hydrophilicity of TFN membranes. In addition, TFN membrane with functionalized MOF (UiO-66-SO3 H) performed best as compared to TFC and TFN with UiO-66 MOF. The effect of loading of different weight percentages (wt%) of both MOFs for TFN membranes was also investigated. The TFN membranes with loading (0.2 wt%) of UiO-66-SO3 H displayed highest permeability of 9.57 LMH/bar and notable rejections of 90% and 87.7% toward Cd and Hg, respectively. To our best understanding, it is the first study of intercalating functionalized UiO-66-SO3 H in TFC membranes by IP and their application on heavy metals especially Cd and Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Gul
- Department of Environmental Science (FC), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Maliha Asma
- Department of Environmental Science (FC), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeyneb Kilic
- Istanbul Aydin University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Civil Engineering (Hydraulic), Istanbul-Turkey, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yifu Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Aamir Malik
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology (IST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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