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Taylor JZ, Fong DL, Habenicht LM, Fink MK, Leszczynski JK, Frank DN, Kofonow JM, Robertson CE, Nicklawsky AG, Schurr MJ, Manuel CA. Effects of Extended Cage Component Sanitation Interval on the Microenvironment, Health, and Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Rats ( Rattus norvegicus). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2023; 62:212-221. [PMID: 37072181 PMCID: PMC10230543 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-22-000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Washing and sanitizing rodent cage components requires costly equipment, significant personnel effort, and use of natural resources. The benchmark frequency for sanitation of individually ventilated caging (IVC) has traditionally been every 2 wk. In this study, we investigated the effects of extending this interval on the cage microenvironment, basic markers of health, and the gastrointestinal microbiota of rats. We compared our institutional standard of changing the sanitation interval for rat cage lids, box feeders, and enrichment devices from every 4 wk to an interval of 12 wk. The cage bottom and bedding continued to be changed every 2 wk for both groups. We hypothesized that we would find no significant difference between our current practice of 4 wks and continuous use for 12 wk. Our data showed that intracage ammonia levels remained below 5 ppm for most cages in both groups, with the exception of cages that experienced a cage flood. We found no significant difference between groups in bacterial colony forming units (CFU) on cage components. We used 3 novel methods of assessing cleanliness of enrichment devices and found no significant effect of continuous use for 12 wk on the number of CFU. In addition, we found no significant differences between groups for animal weight, routine blood work, or fecal and cecal microbiomes. These data indicate that a sanitation interval of up to 12 wk for components of rat IVC caging has no significant effects on the microenvironment or health of rats. Using the longer interval will improve efficiency, reduce the use of natural resources, and decrease costs while maintaining high-quality animal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmyne Z Taylor
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Derek L Fong
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lauren M Habenicht
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael K Fink
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jori K Leszczynski
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel N Frank
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer M Kofonow
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Charles E Robertson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew G Nicklawsky
- University of Colorado Cancer Center Biostatistics Core, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Michael J Schurr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher A Manuel
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou BH, Tian EJ, Tian WS, Wang HW. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of low molybdenum inducing thymus atrophy and participating in immune deficiency-related diseases. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112200. [PMID: 33862434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum is a trace element with extremely uneven distribution in the environment. It constitutes the active sites of molybdenum enzymes that can catalyze redox reactions in almost all organisms. In this study, a mouse model with a low molybdenum diet was established to investigate the differential protein expressions in the thymus and the mechanism of molybdenum regulating thymocyte development. Results showed that the thymus evidently atrophied, and the weight and organ index of the thymus substantially decreased under the condition of low molybdenum (P < 0.01). A total of 274 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were screened through isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification; amongst them, ribosomal proteins (38) were the most abundant. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that DEPs were mainly involved in protein metabolism (18%), nucleus (15%) and nucleic acid binding activity (17%), corresponding to biological process, cellular component and molecular function, respectively. Moreover, DEPs induced by low molybdenum were enriched in 94 pathways, of which typical maps including ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation and systemic lupus erythematosus. Flow cytometry analysis indicated the prominent imbalances of CD4+ and CD8+ cell ratios (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), suggesting the disordered development of T cell subsets. Overall, low molybdenum resulted in thymus atrophy by interfering with ribosomal protein expression and protein metabolism. This study provides a data platform for revealing the linkage between molybdenum and thymus-dependent immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Bian-Hua Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Er-Jie Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Shun Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, South Korea
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, Henan, China.
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Pérez JM, Molina L, Ureña-Gutiérrez B, Espinosa J, López-Montoya AJ, Boos M, Granados JE, Cano-Manuel FJ, Azorit C. Individual stress responses to Sarcoptes scabiei infestation in Iberian ibex, Capra pyrenaica. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 281:1-6. [PMID: 31095943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study we have monitored the stress of Iberian ibex at individual level within the course of an experimental infection with Sarcoptes scabiei mites. For this purpose we have measured faecal 11-ketoetiocholanolone (11-k) using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). We used linear mixed models to explore the effects of host sex and age, clinic (mange status) and time (number of days post-infection) on the concentration of faecal 11-k. The most parsimonious model included clinic, time and host age, which explained 76.6% of the variance of the response variable. Moreover, the concentration of faecal 11-k varied greatly between individuals. Our results evidence the stressor nature of the disease and highlight the negative effects on hosts due to cortisol release and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús M Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n., E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Lucía Molina
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n., E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Benjamín Ureña-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n., E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - José Espinosa
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n., E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio J López-Montoya
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n., E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Mathieu Boos
- Fédération Nationale des Chasseurs, 13, Rue du Général Leclerc, 92136 Issy-Les-Moulineaux Cedex, France; Research Agency in Applied Ecology, Naturaconst@, 14, rue principale, 67 270 Wilshausen, France
| | - José E Granados
- Espacio Natural de Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua de Sierra Nevada, km 7, E-18071, Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Cano-Manuel
- Espacio Natural de Sierra Nevada, Carretera Antigua de Sierra Nevada, km 7, E-18071, Pinos Genil, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Azorit
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, s.n., E-23071 Jaén, Spain
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