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van Brandwijk EA, Aalbersberg EA, Hosseini AS, Huitema ADR, Hendrikx JJMA. Automated radiolabelling of [ 68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 (gallium ( 68Ga)-gozetotide) using the Locametz® kit and two generators. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:31. [PMID: 38632189 PMCID: PMC11024066 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00260-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steps have been taken by pharmaceutical companies to obtain marketing authorisation of PSMA ligands in the European Union. Since December 2022, Locametz® (PSMA-11, gozetotide) is licensed as kit for manual radiolabelling with gallium-68 and commercially available since mid-2023. The Summary of Product Characteristic (SmPC) describes manual radiolabelling with a maximum activity after radiolabelling of 1369 MBq. We aimed for radiolabelling with a higher activity to increase production efficiency, and thus, automated radiolabelling is strongly preferred over manual radiolabelling to reduce radiation exposure to personnel. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for automated radiolabelling of the Locametz® kit using ~ 2000 MBq of gallium-68 eluate for radiolabelling. RESULTS Automated radiolabelling of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 using the Locametz® kit provided a product which complies to the Ph. Eur., had a shelf-life of 6 h at room temperature, and theoretically reduced radiation exposure 5.7 times. Radiolabelling with one and two generator(s) resulted in a radiochemical yield of 91-102% and 96-101% after preparation, respectively. The radiochemical purity ranged from 98.0 to 99.6% for radiolabelling with one generator and ranged from 98.4 to 99.3% for radiolabelling with two generators with similar stability. The activity of the final product was much higher when using two generators, 1961-2035 MBq compared to 740-1260 MBq, which leads to ~ 1.5 times more patient syringes available per preparation. CONCLUSION Automated radiolabelling of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 using the Locametz® kit with higher gallium-68 activity than specified in the SmPC results in a product that is in compliance with the Ph. Eur. monograph and has a shelf-life of 6 h at room temperature. Radiolabelling with two generators proved possible and resulted in a product with similar quality but with much higher efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke A van Brandwijk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Else A Aalbersberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arman S Hosseini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, Princess Máxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J M A Hendrikx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Rubira L, Donzé C, Fouillet J, Algudo B, Kotzki PO, Deshayes E, Fersing C. [ 68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 synthesis on a GAIA® module system: Thorough study of the automated radiolabeling reaction conditions. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 206:111211. [PMID: 38309117 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The influence of several parameters involved in the 68Ga radiolabeling of FAPI-46 was studied at the scale of the automated reaction. Among the buffers tested, HEPES 0.3 M pH 4 allowed both high radiochemical purity (RCP) and radiochemical yield (RCY), without prepurification of 68Ga but after final purification of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 on a C18 cartridge. A longer reaction time did not show significant benefit on the RCP, while higher loads of FAPI-46 and gentisic acid as anti-radiolysis compound allowed better RCY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Rubira
- Nuclear medicine department, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Donzé
- Nuclear medicine department, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Juliette Fouillet
- Nuclear medicine department, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Algudo
- Nuclear medicine department, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Olivier Kotzki
- Nuclear medicine department, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Univ. Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Deshayes
- Nuclear medicine department, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Univ. Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Fersing
- Nuclear medicine department, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France; IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France.
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Brühlmann SA, Walther M, Kopka K, Kreller M. Production of the PET radionuclide 61Cu via the 62Ni(p,2n) 61Cu nuclear reaction. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:3. [PMID: 38180574 PMCID: PMC10770005 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are only a handful of true theranostic matched pairs, and in particular the theranostic radiocopper trio 61Cu, 64Cu and 67Cu, for diagnosis and therapy respectively, is a very attractive candidate. In fact, the alternative of two imaging radionuclides with different half-lives is a clear advantage over other theranostic pairs, since it offers a better matching for the tracer biological and radionuclide physical half-lives. Due to the high availability of 64Cu, its translation into the clinic is being successfully carried out, giving the example of the FDA approved radiopharmaceutical Detectnet (copper Cu 64 dotatate injection). However, a shorter-lived PET radionuclide such as 61Cu may as well be beneficial. RESULTS Proton irradiation of enriched 62Ni electrodeposited targets with a compact cyclotron produced the desired radionuclide via the 62Ni(p,2n)61Cu nuclear reaction, leading to 61Cu activities of up to 20 GBq at end of bombardment and 8 GBq at end of purification. Furthermore, two purification methods are compared leading to comparable results regarding separation yield and product purity. Following the radiochemical separation, quality assessment of this product [61Cu]CuCl2 solution proved radionuclidic purities (RNP) over 99.6% and apparent molar activities (AMA) of 260 GBq/µmol with the 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-1,4,8,11-tetraacetic acid (TETA) chelator, end of purification corrected. CONCLUSIONS In the current article a comprehensive novel production method for the PET radionuclide 61Cu is presented, providing an alternative to the most popular production routes. Characterization of the [61Cu]CuCl2 product showed both high RNP as well as high AMA, proving that the produced activity presented high quality regarding radiolabeling up to 9 h after end of purification. Furthermore, production scalability could be easily achieved by increasing the irradiation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Andrés Brühlmann
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Walther
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kreller
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
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Capasso G, Stefanucci A, Tolomeo A. A systematic review on the current status of PSMA-targeted imaging and radioligand therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115966. [PMID: 37992520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been the subject of several studies in recent decades as a promising molecular target for prostate cancer (PCa), in fact it is considered an excellent molecular target for both PCa imaging (both for staging and follow-up), by means of PET/CT and for radioligand therapy. Its interesting molecular features have enabled the development of a new diagnostic and therapeutic approach for PCa, called "theranostics." Considering the abundance of PSMA-based probes that have appeared so far in the literature, the present work focuses the attention on radiopharmaceuticals with increasing clinical application, highlighting advantages and disadvantages in terms of different metabolization and excretion processes, pharmacokinetic, binding affinity and variable internalization rate, tumor-to-background ratio, residence times and toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Capasso
- ITEL TELECOMUNICAZIONI S.r.l - Radiopharmaceutical Division, Italy.
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti, Pescara, Italy.
| | - Anna Tolomeo
- ITEL TELECOMUNICAZIONI S.r.l - Radiopharmaceutical Division, Italy.
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Fouillet J, Donzé C, Deshayes E, Santoro L, Rubira L, Fersing C. "One Method to Label Them All": A Single Fully Automated Protocol for GMP-Compliant 68Ga Radiolabeling of PSMA-11, Transposable to PSMA-I&T and PSMA-617. Curr Radiopharm 2024; 17:285-301. [PMID: 38424422 PMCID: PMC11348474 DOI: 10.2174/0118744710293461240219111852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an ideal target for molecular imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy in prostate cancer. Consequently, various PSMA ligands were developed. Some of these molecules are functionalized with a chelator that can host radiometals, such as 68Ga for PET imaging. The 68Ga radiolabeling step benefits from process automation, making it more robust and reducing radiation exposure. OBJECTIVE To design a single automated radiolabeling protocol for the GMP-compliant preparation of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, transposable to the production of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-I&T. METHODS A GAIA® synthesis module and a GALLIAD® generator were used. Radio-TLC and radio-HPLC methods were validated for radiochemical purity (RCP) determination. Three [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 validation batches were produced and thoroughly tested for appearance and pH, radionuclide identity and purity, RCP, stability, residual solvent and sterility. Minimal modifications were made to the reagents and disposables for optimal application to other PSMA ligands. RESULTS [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 for clinical application was produced in 27 min. The 3 validation batches met the quality criteria expected by the European Pharmacopoeia to allow routine production. For optimal transposition to PSMA-617, the solid phase extraction cartridge was changed to improve purification of the radiolabeled product. For application to PSMA-I&T, the buffer solution initially used was replaced by HEPES 2.7 M to achieve good radiochemical yields. Residual HEPES content was checked in the final product and was below the Ph. Eur. threshold. CONCLUSION A single automated radiolabeling method on the GAIA® module was developed and implemented for 68Ga radiolabeling of 3 PSMA ligands, with slight adjustments for each molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Fouillet
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Donzé
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Deshayes
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lore Santoro
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194,University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Léa Rubira
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
| | - Cyril Fersing
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), University of Montpellier , Montpellier, France
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
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Efficient Production of the PET Radionuclide 133La for Theranostic Purposes in Targeted Alpha Therapy Using the 134Ba(p,2n) 133La Reaction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101167. [PMID: 36297279 PMCID: PMC9611457 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted Alpha Therapy is a research field of highest interest in specialized radionuclide therapy. Over the last decades, several alpha-emitting radionuclides have entered and left research topics towards their clinical translation. Especially, 225Ac provides all necessary physical and chemical properties for a successful clinical application, which has already been shown by [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617. While PSMA-617 carries the DOTA moiety as the complexing agent, the chelator macropa as a macrocyclic alternative provides even more beneficial properties regarding labeling and complex stability in vivo. Lanthanum-133 is an excellent positron-emitting diagnostic lanthanide to radiolabel macropa-functionalized therapeutics since 133La forms a perfectly matched theranostic pair of radionuclides with the therapeutic radionuclide 225Ac, which itself can optimally be complexed by macropa as well. 133La was thus produced by cyclotron-based proton irradiation of an enriched 134Ba target. The target (30 mg of [134Ba]BaCO3) was irradiated for 60 min at 22 MeV and 10−15 µA beam current. Irradiation side products in the raw target solution were identified and quantified: 135La (0.4%), 135mBa (0.03%), 133mBa (0.01%), and 133Ba (0.0004%). The subsequent workup and anion-exchange-based product purification process took approx. 30 min and led to a total amount of (1.2−1.8) GBq (decay-corrected to end of bombardment) of 133La, formulated as [133La]LaCl3. After the complete decay of 133La, a remainder of ca. 4 kBq of long-lived 133Ba per 100 MBq of 133La was detected and rated as uncritical regarding personal dose and waste management. Subsequent radiolabeling was successfully performed with previously published macropa-derived PSMA inhibitors at a micromolar range (quantitative labeling at 1 µM) and evaluated by radio-TLC and radio-HPLC analyses. The scale-up to radioactivity amounts that are needed for clinical application purposes would be easy to achieve by increasing target mass, beam current, and irradiation time to produce 133La of high radionuclide purity (>99.5%) regarding labeling properties and side products.
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Bartoli F, Elsinga P, Nazario LR, Zana A, Galbiati A, Millul J, Migliorini F, Cazzamalli S, Neri D, Slart RHJA, Erba PA. Automated Radiosynthesis, Preliminary In Vitro/In Vivo Characterization of OncoFAP-Based Radiopharmaceuticals for Cancer Imaging and Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080958. [PMID: 36015106 PMCID: PMC9416253 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
FAP-targeted radiopharmaceuticals represent a breakthrough in cancer imaging and a viable option for therapeutic applications. OncoFAP is an ultra-high-affinity ligand of FAP with a dissociation constant of 680 pM. OncoFAP has been recently discovered and clinically validated for PET imaging procedures in patients with solid malignancies. While more and more clinical validation is becoming available, the need for scalable and robust procedures for the preparation of this new class of radiopharmaceuticals continues to increase. In this article, we present the development of automated radiolabeling procedures for the preparation of OncoFAP-based radiopharmaceuticals for cancer imaging and therapy. A new series of [68Ga]Ga-OncoFAP, [177Lu]Lu-OncoFAP and [18F]AlF-OncoFAP was produced with high radiochemical yields. Chemical and biochemical characterization after radiolabeling confirmed its excellent stability, retention of high affinity for FAP and absence of radiolysis by-products. The in vivo biodistribution of [18F]AlF-NOTA-OncoFAP, a candidate for PET imaging procedures in patients, was assessed in mice bearing FAP-positive solid tumors. The product showed rapid accumulation in solid tumors, with an average of 6.6% ID/g one hour after systemic administration and excellent tumor-to-healthy organs ratio. We have developed simple, quick, safe and robust synthetic procedures for the preparation of theranostic OncoFAP-compounds based on Gallium-68, Lutetium-177 and Fluorine-18 using the commercially available FASTlab synthesis module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bartoli
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Philip Elsinga
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.E.); (L.R.N.); (R.H.J.A.S.)
| | - Luiza Reali Nazario
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.E.); (L.R.N.); (R.H.J.A.S.)
| | - Aureliano Zana
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (J.M.); (F.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Andrea Galbiati
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (J.M.); (F.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Jacopo Millul
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (J.M.); (F.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Migliorini
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (J.M.); (F.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Samuele Cazzamalli
- Philochem AG, R&D Department, Libernstrasse 3, CH-8112 Otelfingen, Switzerland; (A.Z.); (A.G.); (J.M.); (F.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Philogen S.p.A., 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Riemer H. J. A. Slart
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.E.); (L.R.N.); (R.H.J.A.S.)
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Anna Erba
- Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands; (P.E.); (L.R.N.); (R.H.J.A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Lepareur N. Cold Kit Labeling: The Future of 68Ga Radiopharmaceuticals? Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:812050. [PMID: 35223907 PMCID: PMC8869247 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.812050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, gallium-68 (68Ga) has gained a formidable interest for PET molecular imaging of various conditions, from cancer to infection, through cardiac pathologies or neuropathies. It has gained routine use, with successful radiopharmaceuticals such as somatostatin analogs ([68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC and [68Ga]GaDOTATATE) for neuroendocrine tumors, and PSMA ligands for prostate cancer. It represents a major clinical impact, particularly in the context of theranostics, coupled with their 177Lu-labeled counterparts. Beside those, a bunch of new 68Ga-labeled molecules are in the preclinical and clinical pipelines, with some of them showing great promise for patient care. Increasing clinical demand and regulatory issues have led to the development of automated procedures for the production of 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals. However, the widespread use of these radiopharmaceuticals may rely on simple and efficient radiolabeling methods, undemanding in terms of equipment and infrastructure. To make them technically and economically accessible to the medical community and its patients, it appears mandatory to develop a procedure similar to the well-established kit-based 99mTc chemistry. Already available commercial kits for the production of 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals have demonstrated the feasibility of using such an approach, thus paving the way for more kit-based 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals to be developed. This article discusses the development of 68Ga cold kit radiopharmacy, including technical issues, and regulatory aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lepareur
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, Inrae, Inserm, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer), UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France
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Satpati D. Recent Breakthrough in 68Ga-Radiopharmaceuticals Cold Kits for Convenient PET Radiopharmacy. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:430-447. [PMID: 33630583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
68Ga-PET has emerged as an important diagnostic tool for precise detection and monitoring of oncological situations. Availability, cost, and radiosynthesis procedure are determining steps for success of a radioisotope/radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine. Availability of 68Ga from a 68Ge/68Ga generator containing a long-lived parent radioisotope (68Ge: t1/2 = 271 days) and an inexpensive, simplified production of 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals through kit methodology has allowed smooth accommodation of 68Ga-PET in clinics. The uncomplicated formulation of 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals from a lyophilized, cold kit is an impending breakthrough in clinical PET. The huge success of 68Ga in neuroendocrine tumor and prostate cancer imaging along with the regulatory approval of respective cold kits has opened a pathway for development of kits for other evolving radiotracers. There is a definite scope for increased participation of commercial manufacturers and distributors of cold kits to spread the potential of 68Ga worldwide across all the geographical locations and satellite centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drishty Satpati
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai-400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai-400094, India
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