1
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Tang QY, Huang BL, Huang X. Altered functional connectivity between the default mode network in primary angle-closure glaucoma patients. Neuroreport 2024; 35:129-135. [PMID: 38251458 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have recognized glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease that causes extensive brain damage and is closely associated with cognitive function. In this study, we employed functional MRI to examine the intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of the default mode network (DMN) in patients diagnosed with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), exploring its association with cognitive dysfunction. A total of 34 patients diagnosed with PACG and 34 healthy controls (HC), who were matched in terms of sex, age, and education, were included in the control group. The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) was selected as the region of interest to examine functional connectivity alterations. Compared with the HC group, functional connectivity was attenuated in left anterior cingulum cortex and left paracentral lobule between with PCC in the PACG group, the results are statistically significant. Our study revealed that patients with PACG exhibit weakened functional connectivity within the DMN. This finding suggests the presence of a neurological mechanism that is associated with both visual dysfunction and cognitive impairments in PACG patients. Furthermore, our study provides neuroimaging evidence that can aid in the exploration of spontaneous neurological alterations and facilitate a deeper investigation of alterations in the visual conduction pathways of PACG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yu Tang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Bing-Lin Huang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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2
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Bono D, Belyk M, Longo MR, Dick F. Beyond language: The unspoken sensory-motor representation of the tongue in non-primates, non-human and human primates. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 139:104730. [PMID: 35691470 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The English idiom "on the tip of my tongue" commonly acknowledges that something is known, but it cannot be immediately brought to mind. This phrase accurately describes sensorimotor functions of the tongue, which are fundamental for many tongue-related behaviors (e.g., speech), but often neglected by scientific research. Here, we review a wide range of studies conducted on non-primates, non-human and human primates with the aim of providing a comprehensive description of the cortical representation of the tongue's somatosensory inputs and motor outputs across different phylogenetic domains. First, we summarize how the properties of passive non-noxious mechanical stimuli are encoded in the putative somatosensory tongue area, which has a conserved location in the ventral portion of the somatosensory cortex across mammals. Second, we review how complex self-generated actions involving the tongue are represented in more anterior regions of the putative somato-motor tongue area. Finally, we describe multisensory response properties of the primate and non-primate tongue area by also defining how the cytoarchitecture of this area is affected by experience and deafferentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bono
- Birkbeck/UCL Centre for Neuroimaging, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H0AP, UK; Department of Experimental Psychology, UCL Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H0AP, UK.
| | - Michel Belyk
- Department of Speech, Hearing, and Phonetic Sciences, UCL Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, 2 Wakefield Street, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Matthew R Longo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet St, London WC1E7HX, UK
| | - Frederic Dick
- Birkbeck/UCL Centre for Neuroimaging, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H0AP, UK; Department of Experimental Psychology, UCL Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1H0AP, UK; Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, Malet St, London WC1E7HX, UK.
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3
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Hendrix CL, Thomason ME. A survey of protocols from 54 infant and toddler neuroimaging research labs. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101060. [PMID: 35033971 PMCID: PMC8762357 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant and toddler MRI enables unprecedented insight into the developing brain. However, consensus about optimal data collection practices is lacking, which slows growth of the field and impedes replication efforts. The goal of this study was to collect systematic data across a large number of infant/toddler research laboratories to better understand preferred practices. Survey data addressed MRI acquisition strategies, scan success rates, visit preparations, scanning protocols, accommodations for families, study design, and policies regarding incidental findings. Respondents had on average 8 years' experience in early life neuroimaging and represented more than fifty research laboratories. Areas of consensus across labs included higher success rates among newborns compared to older infants or toddlers, high rates of data loss across age groups, endorsement of multiple layers of hearing protection, and age-specific scan preparation and participant accommodation. Researchers remain divided on decisions in longitudinal study design and practices regarding incidental findings. This study summarizes practices honed over years of work by a large collection of scientists, which may serve as an important resource for those new to the field. The ability to reference data about best practices facilitates future harmonization, data sharing, and reproducibility, all of which advance this important frontier in developmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Hendrix
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Moriah E Thomason
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Population Health, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Institute, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Russo G, Helluy X, Behroozi M, Manahan-Vaughan D. Gradual Restraint Habituation for Awake Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Combined With a Sparse Imaging Paradigm Reduces Motion Artifacts and Stress Levels in Rodents. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:805679. [PMID: 34992520 PMCID: PMC8724036 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.805679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging, as a non-invasive technique, offers unique opportunities to assess brain function and connectivity under a broad range of applications, ranging from passive sensory stimulation to high-level cognitive abilities, in awake animals. This approach is confounded, however, by the fact that physical restraint and loud unpredictable acoustic noise must inevitably accompany fMRI recordings. These factors induce marked stress in rodents, and stress-related elevations of corticosterone levels are known to alter information processing and cognition in the rodent. Here, we propose a habituation strategy that spans specific stages of adaptation to restraint, MRI noise, and confinement stress in awake rats and circumvents the need for surgical head restraint. This habituation protocol results in stress levels during awake fMRI that do not differ from pre-handling levels and enables stable image acquisition with very low motion artifacts. For this, rats were gradually trained over a period of three weeks and eighteen training sessions. Stress levels were assessed by analysis of fecal corticosterone metabolite levels and breathing rates. We observed significant drops in stress levels to below pre-handling levels at the end of the habituation procedure. During fMRI in awake rats, after the conclusion of habituation and using a non-invasive head-fixation device, breathing was stable and head motion artifacts were minimal. A task-based fMRI experiment, using acoustic stimulation, conducted 2 days after the end of habituation, resulted in precise whole brain mapping of BOLD signals in the brain, with clear delineation of the expected auditory-related structures. The active discrimination by the animals of the acoustic stimuli from the backdrop of scanner noise was corroborated by significant increases in BOLD signals in the thalamus and reticular formation. Taken together, these data show that effective habituation to awake fMRI can be achieved by gradual and incremental acclimatization to the experimental conditions. Subsequent BOLD recordings, even during superimposed acoustic stimulation, reflect low stress-levels, low motion and a corresponding high-quality image acquisition. Furthermore, BOLD signals obtained during fMRI indicate that effective habituation facilitates selective attention to sensory stimuli that can in turn support the discrimination of cognitive processes in the absence of stress confounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Russo
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xavier Helluy
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mehdi Behroozi
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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5
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Resting state network connectivity is attenuated by fMRI acoustic noise. Neuroimage 2021; 247:118791. [PMID: 34920084 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the past decades there has been an increasing interest in tracking brain network fluctuations in health and disease by means of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Rs-fMRI however does not provide the ideal environmental setting, as participants are continuously exposed to noise generated by MRI coils during acquisition of Echo Planar Imaging (EPI). We investigated the effect of EPI noise on resting state activity and connectivity using magnetoencephalography (MEG), by reproducing the acoustic characteristics of rs-fMRI environment during the recordings. As compared to fMRI, MEG has little sensitivity to brain activity generated in deep brain structures, but has the advantage to capture both the dynamic of cortical magnetic oscillations with high temporal resolution and the slow magnetic fluctuations highly correlated with BOLD signal. METHODS Thirty healthy subjects were enrolled in a counterbalanced design study including three conditions: a) silent resting state (Silence), b) resting state upon EPI noise (fMRI), and c) resting state upon white noise (White). White noise was employed to test the specificity of fMRI noise effect. The amplitude envelope correlation (AEC) in alpha band measured the connectivity of seven Resting State Networks (RSN) of interest (default mode network, dorsal attention network, language, left and right auditory and left and right sensory-motor). Vigilance dynamic was estimated from power spectral activity. RESULTS fMRI and White acoustic noise consistently reduced connectivity of cortical networks. The effects were widespread, but noise and network specificities were also present. For fMRI noise, decreased connectivity was found in the right auditory and sensory-motor networks. Progressive increase of slow theta-delta activity related to drowsiness was found in all conditions, but was significantly higher for fMRI . Theta-delta significantly and positively correlated with variations of cortical connectivity. DISCUSSION rs-fMRI connectivity is biased by unavoidable environmental factors during scanning, which warrant more careful control and improved experimental designs. MEG is free from acoustic noise and allows a sensitive estimation of resting state connectivity in cortical areas. Although underutilized, MEG could overcome issues related to noise during fMRI, in particular when investigation of motor and auditory networks is needed.
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Seravalli E, Kroon PS, Buatti JM, Hall MD, Mandeville HC, Marcus KJ, Onal C, Ozyar E, Paulino AC, Paulsen F, Saunders D, Tsang DS, Wolden SL, Janssens GO. The potential role of MR-guided adaptive radiotherapy in pediatric oncology: Results from a SIOPE-COG survey. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2021; 29:71-78. [PMID: 34159265 PMCID: PMC8202186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Magnetic resonance guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) has been successfully implemented for several routine clinical applications in adult patients. The purpose of this study is to map the potential benefit of MRgRT on toxicity reduction and outcome in pediatric patients treated with curative intent for primary and metastatic sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between May and August 2020, a survey was distributed among SIOPE- and COG-affiliated radiotherapy departments, treating at least 25 pediatrics patients annually and being (candidate) users of a MRgRT system. The survey consisted of a table with 45 rows (clinical scenarios for primary (n = 28) and metastatic (n = 17) tumors) and 7 columns (toxicity reduction, outcome improvement, PTV margin reduction, target volume daily adaptation, online re-planning, intrafraction motion compensation and on-board functional imaging) and the option to answer by 'yes/no' . Afterwards, the Dutch national radiotherapy cohort was used to estimate the percentage of pediatric treatments that may benefit from MRgRT. RESULTS The survey was completed by 12/17 (71% response rate) institutions meeting the survey inclusion criteria. Responders indicated an 'expected benefit' from MRgRT for toxicity/outcome in 7% (for thoracic lymphomas and abdominal rhabdomyosarcomas)/0% and 18% (for mediastinal lymph nodes, lymph nodes located in the liver/splenic hilum, and liver metastases)/0% of the considered scenarios for the primary and metastatic tumor sites, respectively, and a 'possible benefit' was estimated in 64%/46% and 47%/59% of the scenarios. When translating the survey outcome into a clinical perspective a toxicity/outcome benefit, either expected or possible, was anticipated for 55%/24% of primary sites and 62%/38% of the metastatic sites. CONCLUSION Although the benefit of MRgRT in pediatric radiation oncology is estimated to be modest, the potential role for reducing toxicity and improving clinical outcomes warrants further investigation. This fits best within the context of prospective studies or registration trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Seravalli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra S. Kroon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - John M. Buatti
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Matthew D. Hall
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Henry C. Mandeville
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J. Marcus
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cem Onal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Enis Ozyar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arnold C. Paulino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Frank Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Derek S. Tsang
- Radiation Medicine Program, University Health Network – Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suzanne L. Wolden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, NY, USA
| | - Geert O. Janssens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Binder E, Leimbach M, Pool EM, Volz LJ, Eickhoff SB, Fink GR, Grefkes C. Cortical reorganization after motor stroke: A pilot study on differences between the upper and lower limbs. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:1013-1033. [PMID: 33165996 PMCID: PMC7856649 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke patients suffering from hemiparesis may show substantial recovery in the first months poststroke due to neural reorganization. While reorganization driving improvement of upper hand motor function has been frequently investigated, much less is known about the changes underlying recovery of lower limb function. We, therefore, investigated neural network dynamics giving rise to movements of both the hands and feet in 12 well-recovered left-hemispheric chronic stroke patients and 12 healthy participants using a functional magnetic resonance imaging sparse sampling design and dynamic causal modeling (DCM). We found that the level of neural activity underlying movements of the affected right hand and foot positively correlated with residual motor impairment, in both ipsilesional and contralesional premotor as well as left primary motor (M1) regions. Furthermore, M1 representations of the affected limb showed significantly stronger increase in BOLD activity compared to healthy controls and compared to the respective other limb. DCM revealed reduced endogenous connectivity of M1 of both limbs in patients compared to controls. However, when testing for the specific effect of movement on interregional connectivity, interhemispheric inhibition of the contralesional M1 during movements of the affected hand was not detected in patients whereas no differences in condition-dependent connectivity were found for foot movements compared to controls. In contrast, both groups featured positive interhemispheric M1 coupling, that is, facilitation of neural activity, mediating movements of the affected foot. These exploratory findings help to explain why functional recovery of the upper and lower limbs often develops differently after stroke, supporting limb-specific rehabilitative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Binder
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Martha Leimbach
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Pool
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Lukas J Volz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Neuroscience, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1, INM-3), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
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8
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Dionisio‐Parra B, Wiesinger F, Sämann PG, Czisch M, Solana AB. Looping Star fMRI in Cognitive Tasks and Resting State. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 52:739-751. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dionisio‐Parra
- Department of Computer ScienceTechnical University of Munich Garching Germany
- ASL Europe, GE Healthcare Munich Germany
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9
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Manno FAM, Fernandez-Ruiz J, Manno SHC, Cheng SH, Lau C, Barrios FA. Sparse Sampling of Silence Type I Errors With an Emphasis on Primary Auditory Cortex. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:516. [PMID: 31213968 PMCID: PMC6554478 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sparse sampling functional MRI (ssfMRI) enables stronger primary auditory cortex blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal by acquiring volumes interspersed with silence, reducing the physiological artifacts associated with scanner noise. Recent calculations of type I error rates associated with resting-state fMRI suggest that the techniques used to model the hemodynamic response function (HRF) might be resulting in higher false positives than is generally acceptable. In the present study, we analyze ssfMRI to determine type I error rates associated with whole brain and primary auditory cortex voxel-wise activation patterns. Study participants (n = 15, age 27.62 ± 3.21 years, range: 22–33 years; 6 females) underwent ssfMRI. An optimized paradigm was used to determine the HRF to auditory stimuli, which was then substituted for silent stimuli to ascertain false positives. We report that common techniques used for analyzing ssfMRI result in high type I error rates. The whole brain and primary auditory cortex voxel-wise analysis resulted in similar error distributions. The number of type I errors for P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.001 for the whole brain was 7.88 ± 9.29, 2.37 ± 3.54, and 0.53 ± 0.96% and for the auditory cortex was 9.02 ± 1.79, 2.95 ± 0.91, and 0.58 ± 0.21%, respectively. When conducting a ssfMRI analysis, conservative α level should be employed (α < 0.001) to bolster the results in the face of false positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis A M Manno
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico.,Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Juan Fernandez-Ruiz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sinai H C Manno
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Condon Lau
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China
| | - Fernando A Barrios
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
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10
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Ringler E, Coates M, Cobo-Cuan A, Harris NG, Narins PM. MEMRI for visualizing brain activity after auditory stimulation in frogs. Behav Neurosci 2019; 133:329-340. [PMID: 31045394 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Anuran amphibians are common model organisms in bioacoustics and neurobiology. To date, however, most available methods for studying auditory processing in frogs are highly invasive and thus do not allow for longitudinal study designs, nor do they provide a global view of the brain, which substantially limits the questions that can be addressed. The goal of this study was to identify areas in the frog brain that are responsible for auditory processing using in vivo manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI). We were interested in determining if the neural processing of socially relevant acoustic stimuli (e.g., species-specific calls) engages a specific pattern of brain activation that differs from patterns elicited by less- or nonrelevant acoustic signals. We thus designed an experiment, in which we presented three different types of acoustic stimuli (species-specific calls, band-limited noise, or silence) to fully awake northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) and then conducted MEMRI T1-weighted imaging to investigate differences in signal intensity due to manganese uptake as an indication of brain activity across all three conditions. We found the greatest change in signal intensity within the torus semicircularis (the principal central auditory region), the habenula, and the paraphysis of frogs that had been exposed to conspecific calls compared with noise or silence conditions. Stimulation with noise did not result in the same activation patterns, indicating that signals with contrasting social relevance are differentially processed in these areas of the amphibian brain. MEMRI provides a powerful approach to studying brain activity with high spatial resolution in frogs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ringler
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology
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11
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Accelerated silent echo-planar imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 55:81-85. [PMID: 30236603 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The standard approach to Echo-Planar Imaging (EPI) is to use trapezoidal readout (RO) gradients with blipped phase-encoding (PE) gradients. Sinusoidal RO gradients with constant PE gradients can reduce acoustic noise. However, this sequence, originally introduced by Mansfield et al., constitutes major challenges for Cartesian parallel imaging techniques. In this study two alternatives to reconstruct a non-blipped EPI are proposed and evaluated. THEORY AND METHODS The first method separates the acquired k-space data into odd and even echoes and applies Cartesian GRAPPA separately to each partial data set. Afterwards, the resulting reconstructed data sets for each echo are summed in image space. In the second method, an iterative parallel-imaging algorithm is used to reconstruct images from the highly non-Cartesian data samples. RESULTS Compared to blipped-EPI, the first method reduces image SNR depending on the acceleration factor between 11% and 60%. For an acceleration factor of 3 folding artefacts appear. The second method produces slight fold-over artefacts although image SNR is on the same level as the blipped approach. CONCLUSION In this study, we have introduced two new approaches to EPI that allow the use of Cartesian parallel imaging in conjunction with continuous data sampling. In addition to providing a reduction in acoustic noise compared to the standard blipped PE EPI sequence, the proposed techniques improve sampling efficiency, resulting in a reduction of the echo-spacing. Of the two methods, the second approach, based on an iterative image reconstruction, provides higher SNR, but requires a longer reconstruction time.
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12
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Pereira-Jorge MR, Andrade KC, Palhano-Fontes FX, Diniz PRB, Sturzbecher M, Santos AC, Araujo DB. Anatomical and Functional MRI Changes after One Year of Auditory Rehabilitation with Hearing Aids. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:9303674. [PMID: 30275823 PMCID: PMC6151682 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9303674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing aids (HAs) are an effective strategy for auditory rehabilitation in patients with peripheral hearing deficits. Yet, the neurophysiological mechanisms behind HA use are still unclear. Thus far, most studies have focused on changes in the auditory system, although it is expected that hearing deficits affect a number of cognitive systems, notably speech. In the present study, we used audiometric evaluations in 14 patients with bilateral hearing loss before and after one year of continuous HA use and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and cortical thickness analysis in 12 and 10 of them compared with a normal hearing control group. Prior to HA fitting, fMRI activity was found reduced in the auditory and language systems and increased in visual and frontal areas, expanding to multimodal integration cortices, such as the superior temporal gyrus, intraparietal sulcus, and insula. One year after rehabilitation with HA, significant audiometric improvement was observed, especially in free-field Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) test and functional gain, a measure of HA efficiency. HA use increased fMRI activity in the auditory and language cortices and multimodal integration areas. Individual fMRI signal changes from all these areas were positively correlated with individual SRT changes. Before rehabilitation, cortical thickness was increased in parts of the prefrontal cortex, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus. It was reduced in the insula, supramarginal gyrus, medial temporal gyrus, occipital cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and claustrum. After HA use, increased cortical thickness was observed in multimodal integration regions, particularly the very caudal end of the superior temporal sulcus, the angular gyrus, and the inferior parietal gyrus/superior temporal gyrus/insula. Our data provide the first evidence that one year of HA use is related to functional and anatomical brain changes, notably in auditory and language systems, extending to multimodal cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Pereira-Jorge
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - K. C. Andrade
- Brain Institute/Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - F. X. Palhano-Fontes
- Brain Institute/Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - P. R. B. Diniz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - M. Sturzbecher
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - A. C. Santos
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - D. B. Araujo
- Brain Institute/Onofre Lopes University Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
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13
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Li L, Wyrwicz AM. Parallel 2D FFT implementation on FPGA suitable for real-time MR image processing. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:093706. [PMID: 30278692 PMCID: PMC6150773 DOI: 10.1063/1.5019846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the design and implementation of a parallel two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D FFT) algorithm on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for real-time MR image processing. Although a number of architectures of 2D FFT hardware processors have been reported, these generic processors or IP cores are not always effective for processing MRI data. The key feature of our design is that our processors are customized solely for real-time MRI applications. We demonstrate that by considering the unique features of real-time MRI data streams, we were able to develop and implement the 2D FFT processors that are resource-efficient and flexible enough to handle both regular and irregular data. Using a data-driven approach, we were able to simplify the inter-processor data communication while maintaining data synchronization without a synchronous clock signal bus and complex interconnection network. We experimentally verified our designs by processing multi-slice image data sets with 128 × 128 and 256 × 256 in-plane resolution. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our 2D FFT processors and show that image reconstruction can be accelerated in proportion to the parallel processing factor. We achieved image-reconstruction processing rates up to 3000 and 800 slices per second for images with 128 × 128 and 256 × 256 in-plane resolution, respectively. The results also indicate that the image-reconstruction acceleration is primarily limited by the speed of the data transfer between the FPGA device and external sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Li
- Center for Basic MR Research, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, 1033 University Place Suite 100, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA
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14
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Nettekoven C, Reck N, Goldbrunner R, Grefkes C, Weiß Lucas C. Short- and long-term reliability of language fMRI. Neuroimage 2018; 176:215-225. [PMID: 29704615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for mapping important language functions, a high test-retest reliability is mandatory, both in basic scientific research and for clinical applications. We, therefore, systematically tested the short- and long-term reliability of fMRI in a group of healthy subjects using a picture naming task and a sparse-sampling fMRI protocol. We hypothesized that test-retest reliability might be higher for (i) speech-related motor areas than for other language areas and for (ii) the short as compared to the long intersession interval. 16 right-handed subjects (mean age: 29 years) participated in three sessions separated by 2-6 (session 1 and 2, short-term) and 21-34 days (session 1 and 3, long-term). Subjects were asked to perform the same overt picture naming task in each fMRI session (50 black-white images per session). Reliability was tested using the following measures: (i) Euclidean distances (ED) between local activation maxima and Centers of Gravity (CoGs), (ii) overlap volumes and (iii) voxel-wise intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Analyses were performed for three regions of interest which were chosen based on whole-brain group data: primary motor cortex (M1), superior temporal gyrus (STG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Our results revealed that the activation centers were highly reliable, independent of the time interval, ROI or hemisphere with significantly smaller ED for the local activation maxima (6.45 ± 1.36 mm) as compared to the CoGs (8.03 ± 2.01 mm). In contrast, the extent of activation revealed rather low reliability values with overlaps ranging from 24% (IFG) to 56% (STG). Here, the left hemisphere showed significantly higher overlap volumes than the right hemisphere. Although mean ICCs ranged between poor (ICC<0.5) and moderate (ICC 0.5-0.74) reliability, highly reliable voxels (ICC>0.75) were found for all ROIs. Voxel-wise reliability of the different ROIs was influenced by the intersession interval. Taken together, we could show that, despite of considerable ROI-dependent variations of the extent of activation over time, highly reliable centers of activation can be identified using an overt picture naming paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Nettekoven
- Center of Neurosurgery, Cologne University Hospital, 50924, Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology, Cologne University Hospital, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicola Reck
- Center of Neurosurgery, Cologne University Hospital, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Center of Neurosurgery, Cologne University Hospital, 50924, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Grefkes
- Department of Neurology, Cologne University Hospital, 50924, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich Research Centre, 52428, Juelich, Germany
| | - Carolin Weiß Lucas
- Center of Neurosurgery, Cologne University Hospital, 50924, Cologne, Germany.
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15
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Disbergen NR, Valente G, Formisano E, Zatorre RJ. Assessing Top-Down and Bottom-Up Contributions to Auditory Stream Segregation and Integration With Polyphonic Music. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:121. [PMID: 29563861 PMCID: PMC5845899 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphonic music listening well exemplifies processes typically involved in daily auditory scene analysis situations, relying on an interactive interplay between bottom-up and top-down processes. Most studies investigating scene analysis have used elementary auditory scenes, however real-world scene analysis is far more complex. In particular, music, contrary to most other natural auditory scenes, can be perceived by either integrating or, under attentive control, segregating sound streams, often carried by different instruments. One of the prominent bottom-up cues contributing to multi-instrument music perception is their timbre difference. In this work, we introduce and validate a novel paradigm designed to investigate, within naturalistic musical auditory scenes, attentive modulation as well as its interaction with bottom-up processes. Two psychophysical experiments are described, employing custom-composed two-voice polyphonic music pieces within a framework implementing a behavioral performance metric to validate listener instructions requiring either integration or segregation of scene elements. In Experiment 1, the listeners' locus of attention was switched between individual instruments or the aggregate (i.e., both instruments together), via a task requiring the detection of temporal modulations (i.e., triplets) incorporated within or across instruments. Subjects responded post-stimulus whether triplets were present in the to-be-attended instrument(s). Experiment 2 introduced the bottom-up manipulation by adding a three-level morphing of instrument timbre distance to the attentional framework. The task was designed to be used within neuroimaging paradigms; Experiment 2 was additionally validated behaviorally in the functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) environment. Experiment 1 subjects (N = 29, non-musicians) completed the task at high levels of accuracy, showing no group differences between any experimental conditions. Nineteen listeners also participated in Experiment 2, showing a main effect of instrument timbre distance, even though within attention-condition timbre-distance contrasts did not demonstrate any timbre effect. Correlation of overall scores with morph-distance effects, computed by subtracting the largest from the smallest timbre distance scores, showed an influence of general task difficulty on the timbre distance effect. Comparison of laboratory and fMRI data showed scanner noise had no adverse effect on task performance. These Experimental paradigms enable to study both bottom-up and top-down contributions to auditory stream segregation and integration within psychophysical and neuroimaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels R. Disbergen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center (MBIC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Giancarlo Valente
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center (MBIC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Elia Formisano
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center (MBIC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Robert J. Zatorre
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, QC, Canada
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16
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Andoh J, Ferreira M, Leppert I, Matsushita R, Pike B, Zatorre R. How restful is it with all that noise? Comparison of Interleaved silent steady state (ISSS) and conventional imaging in resting-state fMRI. Neuroimage 2017; 147:726-735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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17
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Human Exploration of Enclosed Spaces through Echolocation. J Neurosci 2017; 37:1614-1627. [PMID: 28073936 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1566-12.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Some blind humans have developed echolocation, as a method of navigation in space. Echolocation is a truly active sense because subjects analyze echoes of dedicated, self-generated sounds to assess space around them. Using a special virtual space technique, we assess how humans perceive enclosed spaces through echolocation, thereby revealing the interplay between sensory and vocal-motor neural activity while humans perform this task. Sighted subjects were trained to detect small changes in virtual-room size analyzing real-time generated echoes of their vocalizations. Individual differences in performance were related to the type and number of vocalizations produced. We then asked subjects to estimate virtual-room size with either active or passive sounds while measuring their brain activity with fMRI. Subjects were better at estimating room size when actively vocalizing. This was reflected in the hemodynamic activity of vocal-motor cortices, even after individual motor and sensory components were removed. Activity in these areas also varied with perceived room size, although the vocal-motor output was unchanged. In addition, thalamic and auditory-midbrain activity was correlated with perceived room size; a likely result of top-down auditory pathways for human echolocation, comparable with those described in echolocating bats. Our data provide evidence that human echolocation is supported by active sensing, both behaviorally and in terms of brain activity. The neural sensory-motor coupling complements the fundamental acoustic motor-sensory coupling via the environment in echolocation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Passive listening is the predominant method for examining brain activity during echolocation, the auditory analysis of self-generated sounds. We show that sighted humans perform better when they actively vocalize than during passive listening. Correspondingly, vocal motor and cerebellar activity is greater during active echolocation than vocalization alone. Motor and subcortical auditory brain activity covaries with the auditory percept, although motor output is unchanged. Our results reveal behaviorally relevant neural sensory-motor coupling during echolocation.
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18
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Ten Oever S, Hausfeld L, Correia J, Van Atteveldt N, Formisano E, Sack A. A 7T fMRI study investigating the influence of oscillatory phase on syllable representations. Neuroimage 2016; 141:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Kobald SO, Getzmann S, Beste C, Wascher E. The impact of simulated MRI scanner background noise on visual attention processes as measured by the EEG. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28371. [PMID: 27324456 PMCID: PMC4914844 DOI: 10.1038/srep28371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental noise is known to affect personal well-being as well as cognitive processes. Besides daily life, environmental noise can also occur in experimental research settings, e.g. when being in a magnetic resonance scanner. Scanner background noise (SBN) might pose serious confounds for experimental findings, even when non-auditory settings are examined. In the current experiment we tested if SBN alters bottom-up and top-down related processes of selective visual attention mechanisms. Participants completed two blocks of a visual change detection task, one block in silence and one block under SBN exposure. SBN was found to decrease accuracy in measures of visual attention. This effect was modulated by the temporal occurrence of SBN. When SBN was encountered in the first block, it prevented a significant improvement of accuracy in the second block. When SBN appeared in the second block, it significantly decreased accuracy. Neurophysiological findings showed a strong frontal positivity shift only when SBN was present in the first block, suggesting an inhibitory process to counteract the interfering SBN. Common correlates of both top-down and bottom-up processes of selective visual attention were not specifically affected by SBN exposure. Further research appears necessary to entirely rule out confounds of SBN in assessing visual attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oliver Kobald
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Stephan Getzmann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Wascher
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany
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20
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Sapara A, ffytche DH, Cooke MA, Williams SC, Kumari V. Is it me? Verbal self-monitoring neural network and clinical insight in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:328-35. [PMID: 26549744 PMCID: PMC4834462 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-monitoring, defined as the ability to distinguish between self-generated stimuli from other-generated ones, is known to be impaired in schizophrenia. This impairment has been theorised as the basis for many of the core psychotic symptoms, in particular, poor clinical insight. This study aimed to investigate verbal self-monitoring related neural substrates of preserved and poor clinical insight in schizophrenia. It involved 40 stable schizophrenia outpatients, 20 with preserved and 20 with poor insight, and 20 healthy participants. All participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with brain coverage covering key areas in the self-monitoring network during a verbal self-monitoring task. Healthy participants showed higher performance accuracy and greater thalamic activity than both preserved and poor insight patient groups. Preserved insight patients showed higher activity in the putamen extending into the caudate, insula and inferior frontal gyrus, compared to poor insight patients, and in the anterior cingulate and medial frontal gyrus, compared to healthy participants. Poor insight patients did not show greater activity in any brain area compared to preserved insight patients or healthy participants. Future studies may pursue therapeutic avenues, such as meta-cognitive therapies to promote self-monitoring or targeted stimulation of relevant brain areas, as means of enhancing insight in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegboyega Sapara
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Dominic H. ffytche
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry and Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Michael A. Cooke
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Steven C.R. Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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21
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Ranaweera RD, Kwon M, Hu S, Tamer GG, Luh WM, Talavage TM. Temporal pattern of acoustic imaging noise asymmetrically modulates activation in the auditory cortex. Hear Res 2015; 331:57-68. [PMID: 26519093 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the hemisphere-specific effects of the temporal pattern of imaging related acoustic noise on auditory cortex activation. Hemodynamic responses (HDRs) to five temporal patterns of imaging noise corresponding to noise generated by unique combinations of imaging volume and effective repetition time (TR), were obtained using a stroboscopic event-related paradigm with extra-long (≥27.5 s) TR to minimize inter-acquisition effects. In addition to confirmation that fMRI responses in auditory cortex do not behave in a linear manner, temporal patterns of imaging noise were found to modulate both the shape and spatial extent of hemodynamic responses, with classically non-auditory areas exhibiting responses to longer duration noise conditions. Hemispheric analysis revealed the right primary auditory cortex to be more sensitive than the left to the presence of imaging related acoustic noise. Right primary auditory cortex responses were significantly larger during all the conditions. This asymmetry of response to imaging related acoustic noise could lead to different baseline activation levels during acquisition schemes using short TR, inducing an observed asymmetry in the responses to an intended acoustic stimulus through limitations of dynamic range, rather than due to differences in neuronal processing of the stimulus. These results emphasize the importance of accounting for the temporal pattern of the acoustic noise when comparing findings across different fMRI studies, especially those involving acoustic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwan D Ranaweera
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Minseok Kwon
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shuowen Hu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gregory G Tamer
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Wen-Ming Luh
- Cornell MRI Facility, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Thomas M Talavage
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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22
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Volz LJ, Eickhoff SB, Pool EM, Fink GR, Grefkes C. Differential modulation of motor network connectivity during movements of the upper and lower limbs. Neuroimage 2015; 119:44-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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23
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Ireland CM, Giaquinto RO, Loew W, Tkach JA, Pratt RG, Kline-Fath BM, Merhar SL, Dumoulin CL. A novel acoustically quiet coil for neonatal MRI system. CONCEPTS IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE. PART B, MAGNETIC RESONANCE ENGINEERING 2015; 45:107-114. [PMID: 26457072 PMCID: PMC4594852 DOI: 10.1002/cmr.b.21287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
MRI acoustic exposure has the potential to elicit physiological distress and impact development in preterm and term infants. To mitigate this risk, a novel acoustically quiet coil was developed to reduce the sound pressure level experienced by neonates during MR procedures. The new coil has a conventional high-pass birdcage RF design, but is built on a framework of sound abating material. We evaluated the acoustic and MR imaging performance of the quiet coil and a conventional body coil on two small footprint NICU MRI systems. Sound pressure level and frequency response measurements were made for six standard clinical MR imaging protocols. The average sound pressure level, reported for all six imaging pulse sequences, was 82.2 dBA for the acoustically quiet coil, and 91.1 dBA for the conventional body coil. The sound pressure level values measured for the acoustically quiet coil were consistently lower, 9 dBA (range 6-10 dBA) quieter on average. The acoustic frequency response of the two coils showed a similar harmonic profile for all imaging sequences. However, the amplitude was lower for the quiet coil, by as much as 20 dBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Ireland
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA ; Department of Biomedical, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering, 601 Engineering Research Center, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Randy O Giaquinto
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Wolfgang Loew
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jean A Tkach
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ronald G Pratt
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Beth M Kline-Fath
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Stephanie L Merhar
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Charles L Dumoulin
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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24
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Ma D, Pierre EY, Jiang Y, Schluchter MD, Setsompop K, Gulani V, Griswold MA. Music-based magnetic resonance fingerprinting to improve patient comfort during MRI examinations. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:2303-14. [PMID: 26178439 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Unpleasant acoustic noise is a drawback of almost every MRI scan. Instead of reducing acoustic noise to improve patient comfort, we propose a technique for mitigating the noise problem by producing musical sounds directly from the switching magnetic fields while simultaneously quantifying multiple important tissue properties. THEORY AND METHODS MP3 music files were converted to arbitrary encoding gradients, which were then used with varying flip angles and repetition times in a two- and three-dimensional magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) examination. This new acquisition method, named MRF-Music, was used to quantify T1 , T2 , and proton density maps simultaneously while providing pleasing sounds to the patients. RESULTS MRF-Music scans improved patient comfort significantly during MRI examinations. The T1 and T2 values measured from phantom are in good agreement with those from the standard spin echo measurements. T1 and T2 values from the brain scan are also close to previously reported values. CONCLUSIONS MRF-Music sequence provides significant improvement in patient comfort compared with the MRF scan and other fast imaging techniques such as echo planar imaging and turbo spin echo scans. It is also a fast and accurate quantitative method that quantifies multiple relaxation parameters simultaneously. Magn Reson Med 75:2303-2314, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric Y Pierre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark D Schluchter
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- A. A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vikas Gulani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark A Griswold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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25
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Parallel imaging-based reduction of acoustic noise for clinical magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol 2015; 49:620-6. [PMID: 24743588 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of improving perceived acoustic comfort for a standard clinical magnetic resonance imaging protocol via gradient wave form optimization and validate parallel imaging as a means to achieve a further reduction of acoustic noise. MATERIALS AND METHODS The gradient wave forms of a standard T2 axial turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence in head examinations were modified for acoustic performance while attempting to keep the total acquisition and inter-echo spacing the same. Parallel imaging was then used to double the inter-echo spacing and allow further wave form optimization. Along with comparative acoustic noise measurements, a statistical analysis of radiologist scoring was conducted on volumes from standard and modified sequences acquired from 10 patients after informed consent was obtained. RESULTS Compared with TSE, significant improvement of acoustic comfort was measured for modified-sequences quiet TSE and quiet TSE with generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (P = 0.0034 and P = 0.0003, respectively), and no statistically significant difference in diagnostic quality was observed without the use of parallel imaging. CONCLUSIONS Standard clinical magnetic resonance imaging protocols can be made quieter through adequate gradient wave form optimization. In scans with high signal-to-noise ratio, parallel imaging can be used to further reduce acoustic noise.
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26
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Wong RK, Van Oudenhove L, Li X, Cao Y, Ho KY, Wilder-Smith CH. Visceral pain perception in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy volunteers is affected by the MRI scanner environment. United European Gastroenterol J 2015; 4:132-41. [PMID: 26966533 DOI: 10.1177/2050640615580888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The MRI scanner environment induces marked psychological effects, but specific effects on pain perception and processing are unknown and relevant to all brain imaging studies. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We performed visceral and somatic quantitative sensory and pain testing and studied endogenous pain modulation by heterotopic stimulation outside and inside the functional MRI scanner in 11 healthy controls and 13 patients with irritable bowel syndrome. RESULTS Rectal pain intensity (VAS 0-100) during identical distension pressures increased from 39 (95% confidence interval: 35-42) outside the scanner to 53 (43-63) inside the scanner in irritable bowel syndrome, and from 42 (31-52) to 49 (39-58), respectively, in controls (ANOVA for scanner effect: p = 0.006, group effect: p = 0.92). The difference in rectal pain outside versus inside correlated significantly with stress (r = -0.76, p = 0.006), anxiety (r = -0.68, p = 0.02) and depression scores (r = -0.67, p = 0.02) in controls, but not in irritable bowel syndrome patients, who a priori had significantly higher stress and anxiety scores. ANOVA analysis showed trends for effect of the scanner environment and subject group on endogenous pain modulation (p = 0.09 and p = 0.1, respectively), but not on somatic pain (p > 0.3). CONCLUSION The scanner environment significantly increased visceral, but not somatic, pain perception in irritable bowel syndrome patients and healthy controls in a protocol specifically aimed at investigating visceral pain. Psychological factors, including anxiety and stress, are the likely underlying causes, whereas classic endogenous pain modulation pathways activated by heterotopic stimulation play a lesser role. These results are highly relevant to a wide range of imaging applications and need to be taken into account in future pain research. Further controlled studies are indicated to clarify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben K Wong
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, University Medical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Translational Research Centre for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xinhua Li
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Cao
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khek Yu Ho
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Medicine, University Medical Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Clive H Wilder-Smith
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Brain-Gut Research Group, Gastroenterology Group Practice, Bern, Switzerland
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Wallmeier L, Kish D, Wiegrebe L, Flanagin VL. Aural localization of silent objects by active human biosonar: neural representations of virtual echo-acoustic space. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:533-45. [PMID: 25728174 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Some blind humans have developed the remarkable ability to detect and localize objects through the auditory analysis of self-generated tongue clicks. These echolocation experts show a corresponding increase in 'visual' cortex activity when listening to echo-acoustic sounds. Echolocation in real-life settings involves multiple reflections as well as active sound production, neither of which has been systematically addressed. We developed a virtualization technique that allows participants to actively perform such biosonar tasks in virtual echo-acoustic space during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Tongue clicks, emitted in the MRI scanner, are picked up by a microphone, convolved in real time with the binaural impulse responses of a virtual space, and presented via headphones as virtual echoes. In this manner, we investigated the brain activity during active echo-acoustic localization tasks. Our data show that, in blind echolocation experts, activations in the calcarine cortex are dramatically enhanced when a single reflector is introduced into otherwise anechoic virtual space. A pattern-classification analysis revealed that, in the blind, calcarine cortex activation patterns could discriminate left-side from right-side reflectors. This was found in both blind experts, but the effect was significant for only one of them. In sighted controls, 'visual' cortex activations were insignificant, but activation patterns in the planum temporale were sufficient to discriminate left-side from right-side reflectors. Our data suggest that blind and echolocation-trained, sighted subjects may recruit different neural substrates for the same active-echolocation task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Wallmeier
- Graduate School of Systemic Neuroscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Division of Neurobiology, Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Tocchio S, Kline-Fath B, Kanal E, Schmithorst VJ, Panigrahy A. MRI evaluation and safety in the developing brain. Semin Perinatol 2015; 39:73-104. [PMID: 25743582 PMCID: PMC4380813 DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of the developing brain has dramatically increased over the last decade. Faster acquisitions and the development of advanced MRI sequences, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), perfusion imaging, functional MR imaging (fMRI), and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), as well as the use of higher magnetic field strengths has made MRI an invaluable tool for detailed evaluation of the developing brain. This article will provide an overview of the use and challenges associated with 1.5-T and 3-T static magnetic fields for evaluation of the developing brain. This review will also summarize the advantages, clinical challenges, and safety concerns specifically related to MRI in the fetus and newborn, including the implications of increased magnetic field strength, logistics related to transporting and monitoring of neonates during scanning, and sedation considerations, and a discussion of current technologies such as MRI conditional neonatal incubators and dedicated small-foot print neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Tocchio
- Pediatric Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Beth Kline-Fath
- Department of Radiology Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Emanuel Kanal
- Director, Magnetic Resonance Services; Professor of Neuroradiology; Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC)
| | - Vincent J. Schmithorst
- Pediatric Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ashok Panigrahy
- Pediatric Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology Children׳s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.
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Neuroimaging Effects of 1 Hz Right Temporoparietal rTMS on Normal Auditory Processing. J Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 31:541-6. [DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Peelle JE. Methodological challenges and solutions in auditory functional magnetic resonance imaging. Front Neurosci 2014; 8:253. [PMID: 25191218 PMCID: PMC4139601 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies involve substantial acoustic noise. This review covers the difficulties posed by such noise for auditory neuroscience, as well as a number of possible solutions that have emerged. Acoustic noise can affect the processing of auditory stimuli by making them inaudible or unintelligible, and can result in reduced sensitivity to auditory activation in auditory cortex. Equally importantly, acoustic noise may also lead to increased listening effort, meaning that even when auditory stimuli are perceived, neural processing may differ from when the same stimuli are presented in quiet. These and other challenges have motivated a number of approaches for collecting auditory fMRI data. Although using a continuous echoplanar imaging (EPI) sequence provides high quality imaging data, these data may also be contaminated by background acoustic noise. Traditional sparse imaging has the advantage of avoiding acoustic noise during stimulus presentation, but at a cost of reduced temporal resolution. Recently, three classes of techniques have been developed to circumvent these limitations. The first is Interleaved Silent Steady State (ISSS) imaging, a variation of sparse imaging that involves collecting multiple volumes following a silent period while maintaining steady-state longitudinal magnetization. The second involves active noise control to limit the impact of acoustic scanner noise. Finally, novel MRI sequences that reduce the amount of acoustic noise produced during fMRI make the use of continuous scanning a more practical option. Together these advances provide unprecedented opportunities for researchers to collect high-quality data of hemodynamic responses to auditory stimuli using fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Peelle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA
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Tkach JA, Li Y, Pratt RG, Baroch KA, Loew W, Daniels BR, Giaquinto RO, Merhar SL, Kline-Fath BM, Dumoulin CL. Characterization of acoustic noise in a neonatal intensive care unit MRI system. Pediatr Radiol 2014; 44:1011-9. [PMID: 24595878 PMCID: PMC4241776 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-014-2909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To eliminate the medical risks and logistical challenges of transporting infants from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) to the radiology department for magnetic resonance imaging, a small-footprint 1.5-T MRI scanner has been developed for neonatal imaging within the NICU. MRI is known to be noisy, and exposure to excessive acoustic noise has the potential to elicit physiological distress and impact development in the term and preterm infant. OBJECTIVE To measure and compare the acoustic noise properties of the NICU MRI system against those of a conventional 1.5-T MRI system. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed sound pressure level measurements in the NICU MRI scanner and in a conventional adult-size whole-body 1.5-T MRI system. Sound pressure level measurements were made for six standard clinical MR imaging protocols. RESULTS The average sound pressure level value, reported in unweighted (dB) and A-weighted (dBA) decibels for all six imaging pulse sequences, was 73.8 dB and 88 dBA for the NICU scanner, and 87 dB and 98.4 dBA for the conventional MRI scanner. The sound pressure level values measured on the NICU scanner for each of the six MR imaging pulse sequences were consistently and significantly (P = 0.03) lower, with an average difference of 14.2 dB (range 10-21 dB) and 11 dBA (range 5-18 dBA). The sound pressure level frequency response of the two MR systems showed a similar harmonic structure above 200 Hz for all imaging sequences. The amplitude, however, was appreciably lower for the NICU scanner, by as much as 30 dB, for frequencies below 200 Hz. CONCLUSION The NICU MRI system is quieter than conventional MRI scanners, improving safety for the neonate and facilitating siting of the unit within the NICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Tkach
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 240 Albert Sabin Way, MLC 5033, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA,
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Langers DRM, Sanchez-Panchuelo RM, Francis ST, Krumbholz K, Hall DA. Neuroimaging paradigms for tonotopic mapping (II): the influence of acquisition protocol. Neuroimage 2014; 100:663-75. [PMID: 25067814 PMCID: PMC5546393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies on the tonotopic organisation of auditory cortex in humans have employed a wide range of neuroimaging protocols to assess cortical frequency tuning. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we made a systematic comparison between acquisition protocols with variable levels of interference from acoustic scanner noise. Using sweep stimuli to evoke travelling waves of activation, we measured sound-evoked response signals using sparse, clustered, and continuous imaging protocols that were characterised by inter-scan intervals of 8.8, 2.2, or 0.0 s, respectively. With regard to sensitivity to sound-evoked activation, the sparse and clustered protocols performed similarly, and both detected more activation than the continuous method. Qualitatively, tonotopic maps in activated areas proved highly similar, in the sense that the overall pattern of tonotopic gradients was reproducible across all three protocols. However, quantitatively, we observed substantial reductions in response amplitudes to moderately low stimulus frequencies that coincided with regions of strong energy in the scanner noise spectrum for the clustered and continuous protocols compared to the sparse protocol. At the same time, extreme frequencies became over-represented for these two protocols, and high best frequencies became relatively more abundant. Our results indicate that although all three scanning protocols are suitable to determine the layout of tonotopic fields, an exact quantitative assessment of the representation of various sound frequencies is substantially confounded by the presence of scanner noise. In addition, we noticed anomalous signal dynamics in response to our travelling wave paradigm that suggest that the assessment of frequency-dependent tuning is non-trivially influenced by time-dependent (hemo)dynamics when using sweep stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave R M Langers
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Otology and Hearing Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Rosa M Sanchez-Panchuelo
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Susan T Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Deborah A Hall
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Hearing Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Otology and Hearing Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Hall AJ, Brown TA, Grahn JA, Gati JS, Nixon PL, Hughes SM, Menon RS, Lomber SG. There's more than one way to scan a cat: Imaging cat auditory cortex with high-field fMRI using continuous or sparse sampling. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 224:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI): a powerful new imaging method to study tinnitus. Hear Res 2014; 311:49-62. [PMID: 24583078 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is a method used primarily in basic science experiments to advance the understanding of information processing in central nervous system pathways. With this mechanistic approach, manganese (Mn(2+)) acts as a calcium surrogate, whereby voltage-gated calcium channels allow for activity driven entry of Mn(2+) into neurons. The detection and quantification of neuronal activity via Mn(2+) accumulation is facilitated by "hemodynamic-independent contrast" using high resolution MRI scans. This review emphasizes initial efforts to-date in the development and application of MEMRI for evaluating tinnitus (the perception of sound in the absence of overt acoustic stimulation). Perspectives from leaders in the field highlight MEMRI related studies by comparing and contrasting this technique when tinnitus is induced by high-level noise exposure and salicylate administration. Together, these studies underscore the considerable potential of MEMRI for advancing the field of auditory neuroscience in general and tinnitus research in particular. Because of the technical and functional gaps that are filled by this method and the prospect that human studies are on the near horizon, MEMRI should be of considerable interest to the auditory research community. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled <Annual Reviews 2014>.
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MRI in the neonatal ICU: initial experience using a small-footprint 1.5-T system. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2014; 202:W95-W105. [PMID: 24370170 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.13.10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to develop a small 1.5-T MRI system for neonatal imaging that can be installed in the neonatal ICU (NICU) and to evaluate its performance in 15 neonates. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A 1.5-T MR system designed for orthopedic use was adapted for neonatal imaging. Modifications included raising and leveling the magnet, construction of a patient table, and integration of imaging electronics from a high-performance adult-sized scanner. The system was used to perform MR examinations of the brain, abdomen, and chest in 15 medically stable neonates using standard clinical protocols. The scanning time was limited to 60 minutes. The MR examinations were performed without administering sedation to the patients. ECG, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and temperature were monitored continuously throughout the examination. The images were evaluated by two pediatric radiologists for overall study quality, motion artifact, spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and contrast. RESULTS All 15 neonates were successfully imaged without sedation. No adverse MRI-related events were noted. In total, 19 brain and seven abdominal examinations were performed. Six chest and two cardiac examinations were also obtained. Gross (versus physiologic) subject motion proved to be the most influential factor in determining overall study and image quality. High-quality diagnostic images were obtained at each anatomic location. CONCLUSION The customized neonatal MRI system provides state-of-the-art MRI capabilities in the NICU.
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van Hees S, McMahon K, Angwin A, de Zubicaray G, Copland DA. Neural activity associated with semantic versus phonological anomia treatments in aphasia. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2014; 129:47-57. [PMID: 24556337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Naming impairments in aphasia are typically targeted using semantic and/or phonologically based tasks. However, it is not known whether these treatments have different neural mechanisms. Eight participants with aphasia received twelve treatment sessions using an alternating treatment design, with fMRI scans pre- and post-treatment. Half the sessions employed Phonological Components Analysis (PCA), and half the sessions employed Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA). Pre-treatment activity in the left caudate correlated with greater immediate treatment success for items treated with SFA, whereas recruitment of the left supramarginal gyrus and right precuneus post-treatment correlated with greater immediate treatment success for items treated with PCA. The results support previous studies that have found greater treatment outcome to be associated with activity in predominantly left hemisphere regions, and suggest that different mechanisms may be engaged dependent on the type of treatment employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia van Hees
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Katie McMahon
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD 4066, Australia.
| | - Anthony Angwin
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Greig de Zubicaray
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - David A Copland
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Clinical Centre for Research Excellence in Aphasia Rehabilitation, Australia.
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Skouras S, Gray M, Critchley H, Koelsch S. FMRI scanner noise interaction with affective neural processes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80564. [PMID: 24260420 PMCID: PMC3832369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was the investigation of interaction effects between functional MRI scanner noise and affective neural processes. Stimuli comprised of psychoacoustically balanced musical pieces, expressing three different emotions (fear, neutral, joy). Participants (N=34, 19 female) were split into two groups, one subjected to continuous scanning and another subjected to sparse temporal scanning that features decreased scanner noise. Tests for interaction effects between scanning group (sparse/quieter vs continuous/noisier) and emotion (fear, neutral, joy) were performed. Results revealed interactions between the affective expression of stimuli and scanning group localized in bilateral auditory cortex, insula and visual cortex (calcarine sulcus). Post-hoc comparisons revealed that during sparse scanning, but not during continuous scanning, BOLD signals were significantly stronger for joy than for fear, as well as stronger for fear than for neutral in bilateral auditory cortex. During continuous scanning, but not during sparse scanning, BOLD signals were significantly stronger for joy than for neutral in the left auditory cortex and for joy than for fear in the calcarine sulcus. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to show a statistical interaction effect between scanner noise and affective processes and extends evidence suggesting scanner noise to be an important factor in functional MRI research that can affect and distort affective brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Skouras
- Cluster of Excellence “Languages of Emotion”, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Gray
- Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hugo Critchley
- Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom
- Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, East Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Koelsch
- Cluster of Excellence “Languages of Emotion”, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, United Kingdom
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Bach JP, Lüpke M, Dziallas P, Wefstaedt P, Uppenkamp S, Seifert H, Nolte I. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the ascending stages of the auditory system in dogs. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:210. [PMID: 24131784 PMCID: PMC3854503 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technique able to localize neural activity in the brain by detecting associated changes in blood flow. It is an essential tool for studying human functional neuroanatomy including the auditory system. There are only a few studies, however, using fMRI to study canine brain functions. In the current study ten anesthetized dogs were scanned during auditory stimulation. Two functional sequences, each in combination with a suitable stimulation paradigm, were used in each subject. Sequence 1 provided periods of silence during which acoustic stimuli could be presented unmasked by scanner noise (sparse temporal sampling) whereas in sequence 2 the scanner noise was present throughout the entire session (continuous imaging). The results obtained with the two different functional sequences were compared. Results This study shows that with the proper experimental setup it is possible to detect neural activity in the auditory system of dogs. In contrast to human fMRI studies the strongest activity was found in the subcortical parts of the auditory pathways. Especially sequence 1 showed a high reliability in detecting activated voxels in brain regions associated with the auditory system. Conclusion These results indicate that fMRI is applicable for studying the canine auditory system and could become an additional method for the clinical evaluation of the auditory function of dogs. Additionally, fMRI is an interesting technique for future studies concerned with canine functional neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Lüpke
- Institute for General Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Germany.
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Perrachione TK, Ghosh SS. Optimized design and analysis of sparse-sampling FMRI experiments. Front Neurosci 2013; 7:55. [PMID: 23616742 PMCID: PMC3629333 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sparse-sampling is an important methodological advance in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in which silent delays are introduced between MR volume acquisitions, allowing for the presentation of auditory stimuli without contamination by acoustic scanner noise and for overt vocal responses without motion-induced artifacts in the functional time series. As such, the sparse-sampling technique has become a mainstay of principled fMRI research into the cognitive and systems neuroscience of speech, language, hearing, and music. Despite being in use for over a decade, there has been little systematic investigation of the acquisition parameters, experimental design considerations, and statistical analysis approaches that bear on the results and interpretation of sparse-sampling fMRI experiments. In this report, we examined how design and analysis choices related to the duration of repetition time (TR) delay (an acquisition parameter), stimulation rate (an experimental design parameter), and model basis function (an analysis parameter) act independently and interactively to affect the neural activation profiles observed in fMRI. First, we conducted a series of computational simulations to explore the parameter space of sparse design and analysis with respect to these variables; second, we validated the results of these simulations in a series of sparse-sampling fMRI experiments. Overall, these experiments suggest the employment of three methodological approaches that can, in many situations, substantially improve the detection of neurophysiological response in sparse fMRI: (1) Sparse analyses should utilize a physiologically informed model that incorporates hemodynamic response convolution to reduce model error. (2) The design of sparse fMRI experiments should maintain a high rate of stimulus presentation to maximize effect size. (3) TR delays of short to intermediate length can be used between acquisitions of sparse-sampled functional image volumes to increase the number of samples and improve statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler K Perrachione
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA ; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
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Rondinoni C, Amaro E, Cendes F, dos Santos AC, Salmon CEG. Effect of scanner acoustic background noise on strict resting-state fMRI. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:359-67. [PMID: 23579634 PMCID: PMC3854411 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) resting-state experiments are aimed at identifying brain networks that support basal brain function. Although most investigators consider a 'resting-state' fMRI experiment with no specific external stimulation, subjects are unavoidably under heavy acoustic noise produced by the equipment. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of auditory input on the resting-state networks (RSNs). Twenty-two healthy subjects were scanned using two similar echo-planar imaging sequences in the same 3T MRI scanner: a default pulse sequence and a reduced "silent" pulse sequence. Experimental sessions consisted of two consecutive 7-min runs with noise conditions (default or silent) counterbalanced across subjects. A self-organizing group independent component analysis was applied to fMRI data in order to recognize the RSNs. The insula, left middle frontal gyrus and right precentral and left inferior parietal lobules showed significant differences in the voxel-wise comparison between RSNs depending on noise condition. In the presence of low-level noise, these areas Granger-cause oscillations in RSNs with cognitive implications (dorsal attention and entorhinal), while during high noise acquisition, these connectivities are reduced or inverted. Applying low noise MR acquisitions in research may allow the detection of subtle differences of the RSNs, with implications in experimental planning for resting-state studies, data analysis, and ergonomic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rondinoni
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Lee J, Holte J, Ritenour ER. A real-time data acquisition and control of gradient coil noise for fMRI identification of hearing disorder in children with history of ear infection. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2013; 3:28-42. [PMID: 23482910 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2013.02.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Early ear infection and trauma, from birth to age 12 are known to have a significant effect on sensory and cognitive development. This effect can be demonstrated through the fMRI study of children who have a history of ear infection compared to a control group. A second research question is the extent to which brain plasticity at an early age can reduce the impact of infection on hearing and cognitive development. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides a mapping of brain activity in cognitive and sensory regions by recording the oxygenation state of the local cerebral blood flow. The gradient coils of fMRI scanners generate intense acoustic noise (GCN) - to which the subject is in close proximity - in the range of 90 to 140 db SPL during the imaging process. Clearly this noise will impress its signature on low level brain response patterns. An Active Noise Canceller (ANC) system can suppress the effect of GCN on the subject's perception of a phonetic stimulus at the phoneme, word or phrase level. Due to a superimposition of the frequency and time domain components of the test signal and GCN for MR test, the ANC filtering system performs its function in real time - we must capture the brain's response to the test signal AFTER the noise has been removed. This goal is achieved through the application of field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology of NI LabVIEW. The presentation (in the noisy fMRI environment) of test words and phrases to hearing impaired children can identify sources of distortion to their perceptual processes associated with GCN. Once this distortion has been identified, learning strategies may be introduced to replace the hearing function distorted by early infection as well as the short term effect of GCN. The study of speech cognition without the confounding effect of GCN and with the varying level of GCN for a repeated test signal at later age can be allowed to a measure of recovery through brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeseung Lee
- Dept of Biophysical Science and Medical Physics, University of Minnesota, USA
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Tringali S, Perrot X, Collet L, Moulin A. Exposition sonore et répercussions auditives au cours de la stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétitive : données récentes et revue de la littérature. Neurophysiol Clin 2013; 43:19-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Allen P, Luigjes J, Howes OD, Egerton A, Hirao K, Valli I, Kambeitz J, Fusar-Poli P, Broome M, McGuire P. Transition to psychosis associated with prefrontal and subcortical dysfunction in ultra high-risk individuals. Schizophr Bull 2012; 38:1268-76. [PMID: 22290265 PMCID: PMC3494046 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People at ultra high risk (UHR) of psychosis have an elevated risk of developing a psychotic disorder, but it is difficult to predict which individuals will make a transition to frank illness. We investigated whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in conjunction with a phonological fluency task at presentation could distinguish subjects who subsequently developed psychosis from those who did not. METHODS Sixty-five subjects (41 with an UHR and 24 healthy controls) were assessed at clinical presentation using fMRI, in conjunction with a verbal fluency task. [18F]-DOPA positron emission tomography (PET) data were also available in a subgroup of 21 UHR and 14 healthy controls subjects. UHR subjects were followed clinically for at least 2 years. RESULTS Compared with UHR subjects who did not become psychotic, UHR subjects who subsequently developed psychosis showed increased activation in bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), brainstem (midbrain/basilar pons), the left hippocampus, and greater midbrain-PFC connectivity. Furthermore, exploratory analysis of [18F]-DOPA PET data showed that transition to psychosis was associated with elevated dopaminergic function in the brainstem region. CONCLUSIONS In people at high risk of psychosis, increased activation in a network of cortical and subcortical regions may predict the subsequent onset of illness. Functional neuroimaging, in conjunction with clinical assessment and other investigations, may facilitate the prediction of outcome in subjects who are vulnerable to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Allen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.
| | - Judy Luigjes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | | | - Kazuyuki Hirao
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Isabel Valli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matthew Broome
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK,Health Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
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Allen P, Chaddock CA, Howes OD, Egerton A, Seal ML, Fusar-Poli P, Valli I, Day F, McGuire PK. Abnormal relationship between medial temporal lobe and subcortical dopamine function in people with an ultra high risk for psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2012; 38:1040-9. [PMID: 21536784 PMCID: PMC3446221 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbr017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies in humans have implicated both dysfunction of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and the dopamine system in psychosis, but the relationship between them is unclear. We addressed this issue by measuring MTL activation and striatal dopaminergic function in individuals with an At Risk Mental State (ARMS) for psychosis, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), respectively. METHODS Thirty-four subjects (20 ARMS and 14 Controls), matched for age, gender, digit span performance, and premorbid IQ, were scanned using fMRI, while performing a verbal encoding and recognition task, and using 18F-DOPA PET. All participants were naïve to antipsychotic medication. RESULTS ARMS subjects showed reduced MTL activation when encoding words and made more false alarm responses for Novel words than controls. The relationship between striatal dopamine function and MTL activation during both verbal encoding and verbal recognition was significantly different in ARMS subjects compared with controls. CONCLUSION An altered relationship between MTL function and dopamine storage/synthesis capacity exists in the ARMS and may be related to psychosis vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Allen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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Van Ruijssevelt L, Van der Kant A, De Groof G, Van der Linden A. Current state-of-the-art of auditory functional MRI (fMRI) on zebra finches: technique and scientific achievements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 107:156-69. [PMID: 22960664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Songbirds provide an excellent model system exhibiting vocal learning associated with an extreme brain plasticity linked to quantifiable behavioral changes. This animal model has thus far been intensively studied using electrophysiological, histological and molecular mapping techniques. However, these approaches do not provide a global view of the brain and/or do not allow repeated measures, which are necessary to establish correlations between alterations in neural substrate and behavior. In contrast, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive in vivo technique which allows one (i) to study brain function in the same subject over time, and (ii) to address the entire brain at once. During the last decades, fMRI has become one of the most popular neuroimaging techniques in cognitive neuroscience for the study of brain activity during various tasks ranging from simple sensory-motor to highly cognitive tasks. By alternating various stimulation periods with resting periods during scanning, resting and task-specific regional brain activity can be determined with this technique. Despite its obvious benefits, fMRI has, until now, only been sparsely used to study cognition in non-human species such as songbirds. The Bio-Imaging Lab (University of Antwerp, Belgium) was the first to implement Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) fMRI in songbirds - and in particular zebra finches - for the visualization of sound perception and processing in auditory and song control brain regions. The present article provides an overview of the establishment and optimization of this technique in our laboratory and of the resulting scientific findings. The introduction of fMRI in songbirds has opened new research avenues that permit experimental analysis of complex sensorimotor and cognitive processes underlying vocal communication in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Van Ruijssevelt
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Building Uc, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Sheridan Rains L, Fallica G, O’Daly O, Gilleen J, Giampetro V, Morley L, Shergill S. Exploring psychotic symptoms: a comparison of motor related neuronal activation during and after acute psychosis. BMC Psychiatry 2012; 12:102. [PMID: 22871335 PMCID: PMC3466121 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-12-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delusions and hallucinations are classic positive symptoms of schizophrenia. A contemporary cognitive theory called the 'forward output model' suggests that the misattribution of self-generated actions may underlie some of these types of symptoms, such as delusions of control - the experience of self-generated action being controlled by an external agency. In order to examine the validity of this suggestion, we performed a longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examining neuronal activation associated with motor movement during acute psychosis. METHODS We studied brain activation using fMRI during a motor task in 11 patients with schizophrenia and 9 healthy controls. The patient group was tested at two time points separated by 6-8 weeks. RESULTS At initial testing, the patient group had a mean Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score of 56.3, and showed significantly increased activation within the left inferior parietal lobe (IPL) compared to controls. Patients reported significantly decreased positive symptoms at 6-8 week followup and IPL activation had returned to normal. Our results demonstrate that first-rank positive symptoms are associated with hyperactivation in the secondary somatosensory cortex (IPL). CONCLUSIONS These findings lend further credence to the theory that a dysfunction in the sensory feedback system located in the IPL, and which is thought to underlie our sense of agency, may contribute to the aetiology of delusions of control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory Fallica
- Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Owen O’Daly
- Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - James Gilleen
- Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - Lucy Morley
- Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sukhi Shergill
- Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
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Zapp J, Schmitter S, Schad LR. Sinusoidal echo-planar imaging with parallel acquisition technique for reduced acoustic noise in auditory fMRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 36:581-8. [PMID: 22585371 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To extend the parameter restrictions of a silent echo-planar imaging (sEPI) sequence using sinusoidal readout (RO) gradients, in particular with increased spatial resolution. The sound pressure level (SPL) of the most feasible configurations is compared to conventional EPI having trapezoidal RO gradients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enhanced the sEPI sequence by integrating a parallel acquisition technique (PAT) on a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. The SPL was measured for matrix sizes of 64 × 64 and 128 × 128 pixels, without and with PAT (R = 2). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was examined for both sinusoidal and trapezoidal RO gradients. RESULTS Compared to EPI PAT, the SPL could be reduced by up to 11.1 dB and 5.1 dB for matrix sizes of 64 × 64 and 128 × 128 pixels, respectively. The SNR of sinusoidal RO gradients is lower by a factor of 0.96 on average compared to trapezoidal RO gradients. CONCLUSION The sEPI PAT sequence allows for 1) increased resolution, 2) expanded RO frequency range toward lower frequencies, which is in general beneficial for SPL, or 3) shortened TE, TR, and RO train length. At the same time, it generates lower SPL compared to conventional EPI for a wide range of RO frequencies while having the same imaging parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jascha Zapp
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, Mannheim, Germany.
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Cliff M, Joyce DW, Lamar M, Dannhauser T, Tracy DK, Shergill SS. Aging effects on functional auditory and visual processing using fMRI with variable sensory loading. Cortex 2012; 49:1304-13. [PMID: 22578707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditionally, studies investigating the functional implications of age-related structural brain alterations have focused on higher cognitive processes; by increasing stimulus load, these studies assess behavioral and neurophysiological performance. In order to understand age-related changes in these higher cognitive processes, it is crucial to examine changes in visual and auditory processes that are the gateways to higher cognitive functions. This study provides evidence for age-related functional decline in visual and auditory processing, and regional alterations in functional brain processing, using non-invasive neuroimaging. METHODS Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), younger (n=11; mean age=31) and older (n=10; mean age=68) adults were imaged while observing flashing checkerboard images (passive visual stimuli) and hearing word lists (passive auditory stimuli) across varying stimuli presentation rates. RESULTS Younger adults showed greater overall levels of temporal and occipital cortical activation than older adults for both auditory and visual stimuli. The relative change in activity as a function of stimulus presentation rate showed differences between young and older participants. In visual cortex, the older group showed a decrease in fMRI blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal magnitude as stimulus frequency increased, whereas the younger group showed a linear increase. In auditory cortex, the younger group showed a relative increase as a function of word presentation rate, while older participants showed a relatively stable magnitude of fMRI BOLD response across all rates. When analyzing participants across all ages, only the auditory cortical activation showed a continuous, monotonically decreasing BOLD signal magnitude as a function of age. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings show an age-related decline in demand-related, passive early sensory processing. As stimulus demand increases, visual and auditory cortex do not show increases in activity in older compared to younger people. This may negatively impact on the fidelity of information available to higher cognitive processing. Such evidence may inform future studies focused on cognitive decline in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cliff
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK.
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Lauer AM, El-Sharkawy AMM, Kraitchman DL, Edelstein WA. MRI acoustic noise can harm experimental and companion animals. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 36:743-7. [PMID: 22488793 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess possible damage to the hearing of experimental and companion animal subjects of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using animal hearing threshold data and sound level measurements from typical MRI pulse sequences, we estimated "equivalent loudness" experienced by several experimental and companion animals commonly subjects of MRI scans. We compared the equivalent loudness and exam duration to safe noise standards set by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). RESULTS Monkeys, dogs, cats, pigs, and rabbits are frequently exposed to equivalent loudness levels during MRI scans beyond what is considered safe for human exposure. The sensitive frequency ranges for rats and mice are shifted substantially upward and their equivalent loudness levels fall within the NIOSH safe zone. CONCLUSION MRI exposes many animals to levels of noise and duration that would exceed NIOSH human exposure limits. Researchers and veterinarians should use hearing protection for animals during MRI scans. Experimental research animals used in MRI studies are frequently kept and reimaged, and hearing loss could result in changed behavior. Damage to companion animals' hearing could make them less sensitive to commands and generally worsen interactions with family members. Much quieter MRI scanners would help decrease stress and potential harm to scanned animals, normalize physiology during MRI, and enable MRI of awake animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Lauer
- Otolaryngology-HNS, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Smits M, Visch-Brink EG, van de Sandt-Koenderman ME, van der Lugt A. Advanced Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging of Language Function Recovery After Aphasic Stroke: A Technical Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2012; 93:S4-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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