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Xie A, Liu H, Kang GJ, Feng F, Dudley SC. Reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ pump activity is antiarrhythmic in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:2107-2114. [PMID: 36028211 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have described an arrhythmic mechanism seen only in cardiomyopathy that involves increased mitochondrial Ca2+ handling and selective transfer of Ca2+ to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Modeling suggested that mitochondrial Ca2+ transfer to the SR via type 2a sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) is a crucial element of this arrhythmic mechanism. OBJECTIVE We tested the role of SERCA2a in arrhythmias during ischemic cardiomyopathy. METHODS Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in wild-type (Wt) and SERCA2a heterozygous knockdown (SERCA+/-) mice. RESULTS Compared with Wt MI mice, SERCA2a heterozygous knockdown (SERCA+/-) MI mice had a substantially lower mortality after 3 weeks of MI without a significant change in MI area. Aside from a significant delay of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ transient decay existed in SERCA+/- compared with Wt, SERCA+/- did not affect cardiac systolic and diastolic function at the whole organ or single cell levels either before or after MI. After MI, SERCA+/- mice had reduced SERCA2a expression in the MI border zone compared with Wt MI mice. SERCA+/- mice had significantly decreased corrected QT intervals and less ventricular tachycardia compared with Wt MI mice. SERCA+/- cardiomyocytes from MI mice showed a reduced action potential duration and reduced triggered activity compared with Wt MI cardiomyocytes. Reduction in arrhythmic risk was accompanied by reduced diastolic SR Ca2+ sparks, reduced SR Ca2+ content, reduced oxidized ryanodine receptor, and increased calsequestrin 2 in SERCA+/- MI mice. CONCLUSION SERCA2a knockdown was antiarrhythmic after MI without affecting overall systolic performance. Possible antiarrhythmic mechanisms included reduced SR free Ca2+ and reduced diastolic SR Ca2+ release.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Xie
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gyeoung-Jin Kang
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Samuel C Dudley
- Department of Medicine, Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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Abstract
Major advances in biomedical imaging have occurred over the last 2 decades and now allow many physiological, cellular, and molecular processes to be imaged noninvasively in small animal models of cardiovascular disease. Many of these techniques can be also used in humans, providing pathophysiological context and helping to define the clinical relevance of the model. Ultrasound remains the most widely used approach, and dedicated high-frequency systems can obtain extremely detailed images in mice. Likewise, dedicated small animal tomographic systems have been developed for magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, fluorescence imaging, and computed tomography in mice. In this article, we review the use of ultrasound and positron emission tomography in small animal models, as well as emerging contrast mechanisms in magnetic resonance such as diffusion tensor imaging, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance, chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, magnetic resonance elastography and strain, arterial spin labeling, and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Sosnovik
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Research Center (D.E.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (D.E.S.)
| | - Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie
- Cardiology Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania and Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (M.S.-C)
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3
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Schmitt PR, Dwyer KD, Coulombe KLK. Current Applications of Polycaprolactone as a Scaffold Material for Heart Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2461-2480. [PMID: 35623101 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in treatments for cardiovascular disease, heart failure (HF) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. A significant factor contributing to the progression of cardiovascular diseases into HF is the loss of functioning cardiomyocytes. The recent growth in the field of cardiac tissue engineering has the potential to not only reduce the downstream effects of injured tissues on heart function and longevity but also re-engineer cardiac function through regeneration of contractile tissue. One leading strategy to accomplish this is via a cellularized patch that can be surgically implanted onto a diseased heart. A key area of this field is the use of tissue scaffolds to recapitulate the mechanical and structural environment of the native heart and thus promote engineered myocardium contractility and function. While the strong mechanical properties and anisotropic structural organization of the native heart can be largely attributed to a robust extracellular matrix, similar strength and organization has proven to be difficult to achieve in cultured tissues. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is an emerging contender to fill these gaps in fabricating scaffolds that mimic the mechanics and structure of the native heart. In the field of cardiovascular engineering, PCL has recently begun to be studied as a scaffold for regenerating the myocardium due to its facile fabrication, desirable mechanical, chemical, and biocompatible properties, and perhaps most importantly, biodegradability, which make it suitable for regenerating and re-engineering function to the heart after disease or injury. This review focuses on the application of PCL as a scaffold specifically in myocardium repair and regeneration and outlines current fabrication approaches, properties, and possibilities of PCL incorporation into engineered myocardium, as well as provides suggestions for future directions and a roadmap toward clinical translation of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R Schmitt
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Kiera D Dwyer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Kareen L K Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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4
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Elkenhans B, Protti A, Shah A, Onthank D, Botnar R. Visualization of elastin using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging after myocardial infarction as inflammatory response. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11004. [PMID: 34040032 PMCID: PMC8155029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the merits of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using an elastin-binding contrast agent after myocardial infarction in mouse models with deletions of monocyte populations. Permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery was conducted in 10 wild-type mice and 10 each of three knockout models: CX3CR-/-, CCR2-/-, and MCP-1-/-. At 7 days and 30 days after permanent ligation, cardiac MRI was performed with a 7 T-Bruker horizontal scanner for in vivo detection of elastin with an elastin/tropoelastin-specific contrast agent (ESMA). Histology was performed with staining for elastin, collagen I and III, and F4/80. Real-time PCR was conducted to quantify the expression of genes for collagen I and III, F4/80, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Histological and ESMA-indicated elastin areas were strongly correlated (r = 0.8). 30 days after permanent ligation, CCR2-deficient mice demonstrated higher elastin levels in the scar relative to MCP-1-/- (p < 0.04) and wild-type mice (p < 0.02). The ejection fraction was lower in CCR2-deficient mice. In vivo MRI in mouse models of MI can detect elastin deposition after myocardial infarction, highlighting the pivotal role of elastin in myocardial remodeling in mouse models with deletions of monocyte populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Elkenhans
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology, and Angiology, University Hospital Aachen, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Andrea Protti
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Imaging, Lurie Family Imaging Center, Boston, USA
| | - Ajay Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - René Botnar
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK
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5
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Palmisano A, Piccoli M, Monti CB, Canu T, Cirillo F, Napolitano A, Perani L, Signorelli P, Vignale D, Anastasia L, Esposito A. Single-shot morpho-functional and structural characterization of the left-ventricle in a mouse model of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury with an optimized 3D IntraGate cine FLASH sequence at 7T MR. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 68:127-135. [PMID: 32004712 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical cardiac MR is challenging and time-consuming. A fast and comprehensive acquisition protocol and standardized image post-processing may improve preclinical research, reducing acquisition time, costs and variability of results. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of a contrast-enhanced 3D IntraGate steady-state cine sequence (ce-3D-IG-cine) with short acquisition time (11 min) for a single-shot combined characterization of left ventricle (LV) remodeling and infarct size (IS) in a mouse model of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sixteen male C57BL/6N mice underwent 7T cardiac MR (Bruker, BioSpec 70/30) including optimized ce-3D-IG-cine (total scan time 11 min) at day 1, 5 and 28 after surgery. LV end-diastolic volume (EDVMR) and ejection fraction (EFMR) extracted from MR were compared to ones from short-axis (SA-EDVecho, SA-EFecho) and parasternal long-axis (LA-EDVecho, LA-EFecho) echocardiography. IS was manually and semiautomatically segmented from ce-3D-IG-cine using different standard deviation (SD +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 in respect to a reference tissue). Mice were sacrificed at day 28, immediately after imaging. IS at day 28 was compared to injury burden at histology. MR and echocardiographic morpho-functional parameters were compared, as IS from MR and histology. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the agreement in ischemic burden segmentation. Volumetric and functional parameters measured on ce-3D-IG-cine correlated to the correspondent echocardiographic parameter (EDVMR vs SA-EDVecho: ρ = 0.813; EDVMR vs LA-EDVecho: ρ = 0.845; EFMR vs SA-EFecho ρ = 0.612; EFMR vs LA-EFecho ρ = 0.791; p < 0.001 in all cases). Manually segmented IS strongly correlated with the scar at histology (ρ = 0.904, p < 0.001). A threshold of +3SD showed the highest performance for semiautomatic assessment of IS compared to manual segmentation (ρ = 0.965, p < 0.001), with an overall reproducibility of 73%, and a peak reproducibility of 80% at day 1. The ce-3D-IG-cine sequence, manually or semiautomatically segmented using 3SD threshold, allows fast and comprehensive LV morpho-functional and structural characterization in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Palmisano
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Preclinical Imaging Facility, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Tamara Canu
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Napolitano
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Preclinical Imaging Facility, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Perani
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Signorelli
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Health Sciences Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Vignale
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Preclinical Imaging Facility, Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Brayson D, Frustaci A, Verardo R, Chimenti C, Russo MA, Hayward R, Ahmad S, Vizcay-Barrena G, Protti A, Zammit PS, dos Remedios CG, Ehler E, Shah AM, Shanahan CM. Prelamin A mediates myocardial inflammation in dilated and HIV-associated cardiomyopathies. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126315. [PMID: 31622279 PMCID: PMC6948859 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are complex heart muscle diseases that can be inherited or acquired. Dilated cardiomyopathy can result from mutations in LMNA, encoding the nuclear intermediate filament proteins lamin A/C. Some LMNA mutations lead to accumulation of the lamin A precursor, prelamin A, which is disease causing in a number of tissues, yet its impact upon the heart is unknown. Here, we discovered myocardial prelamin A accumulation occurred in a case of dilated cardiomyopathy, and we show that a potentially novel mouse model of cardiac-specific prelamin A accumulation exhibited a phenotype consistent with inflammatory cardiomyopathy, which we observed to be similar to HIV-associated cardiomyopathy, an acquired disease state. Numerous HIV protease therapies are known to inhibit ZMPSTE24, the enzyme responsible for prelamin A processing, and we confirmed that accumulation of prelamin A occurred in HIV+ patient cardiac biopsies. These findings (a) confirm a unifying pathological role for prelamin A common to genetic and acquired cardiomyopathies; (b) have implications for the management of HIV patients with cardiac disease, suggesting protease inhibitors should be replaced with alternative therapies (i.e., nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors); and (c) suggest that targeting inflammation may be a useful treatment strategy for certain forms of inherited cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brayson
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Frustaci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Nefrologic, Anestesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Verardo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Chimenti
- Department of Cardiovascular, Nefrologic, Anestesiologic and Geriatric Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Antonio Russo
- MEBIC Open University San Raffaele and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert Hayward
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sadia Ahmad
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrea Protti
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisabeth Ehler
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom.,Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London BHF Centre for Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Ghotbi AA, Clemmensen A, Kyhl K, Follin B, Hasbak P, Engstrøm T, Ripa RS, Kjaer A. Rubidium-82 PET imaging is feasible in a rat myocardial infarction model. J Nucl Cardiol 2019; 26:798-809. [PMID: 28721647 PMCID: PMC6517336 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-017-0994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small-animal myocardial infarct models are frequently used in the assessment of new cardioprotective strategies. A validated quantification of perfusion using a non-cyclotron-dependent PET tracer would be of importance in monitoring response to therapy. We tested whether myocardial PET perfusion imaging is feasible with Rubidium-82 (82Rb) in a small-animal scanner using a rat myocardial infarct model. METHODS 18 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent permanent coronary artery ligation (infarct group), and 11 rats underwent ischemia-reperfusion (reperfusion group) procedure. 82Rb-PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were conducted before and after the intervention. Perfusion was compared to both left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and infarct size assessed by MRI. RESULTS Follow-up global 82Rb-uptake correlated significantly with infarct size (infarct group: r = -0.81, P < 0.001 and reperfusion group: r = -0.61, P = 0.04). Only 82Rb-uptake in the infarct group correlated with LVEF. At follow-up, a higher segmental 82Rb-uptake in the infarct group was associated with better wall motion (β = 0.034, CI [0.028;0.039], P < 0.001, R2 = 0.30), and inversely associated with scar transmurality (β = -2.4 [-2.6; -2.2], P < 0.001, R2 = 0.59). The associations were similar for the reperfusion group. CONCLUSION 82Rb-PET is feasible in small animal scanners despite the long positron range and enables fast and time-efficient myocardial perfusion imaging in rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ali Ghotbi
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Andreas Clemmensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Kyhl
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarke Follin
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cardiology Stem Cell Center, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip Hasbak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Engstrøm
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Sejersten Ripa
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Zhang N, Yang G, Gao Z, Xu C, Zhang Y, Shi R, Keegan J, Xu L, Zhang H, Fan Z, Firmin D. Deep Learning for Diagnosis of Chronic Myocardial Infarction on Nonenhanced Cardiac Cine MRI. Radiology 2019; 291:606-617. [PMID: 31038407 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Renal impairment is common in patients with coronary artery disease and, if severe, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging for myocardial infarction (MI) evaluation cannot be performed. Purpose To develop a fully automatic framework for chronic MI delineation via deep learning on non-contrast material-enhanced cardiac cine MRI. Materials and Methods In this retrospective single-center study, a deep learning model was developed to extract motion features from the left ventricle and delineate MI regions on nonenhanced cardiac cine MRI collected between October 2015 and March 2017. Patients with chronic MI, as well as healthy control patients, had both nonenhanced cardiac cine (25 phases per cardiac cycle) and LGE MRI examinations. Eighty percent of MRI examinations were used for the training data set and 20% for the independent testing data set. Chronic MI regions on LGE MRI were defined as ground truth. Diagnostic performance was assessed by analysis of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). MI area and MI area percentage from nonenhanced cardiac cine and LGE MRI were compared by using the Pearson correlation, paired t test, and Bland-Altman analysis. Results Study participants included 212 patients with chronic MI (men, 171; age, 57.2 years ± 12.5) and 87 healthy control patients (men, 42; age, 43.3 years ± 15.5). Using the full cardiac cine MRI, the per-segment sensitivity and specificity for detecting chronic MI in the independent test set was 89.8% and 99.1%, respectively, with an AUC of 0.94. There were no differences between nonenhanced cardiac cine and LGE MRI analyses in number of MI segments (114 vs 127, respectively; P = .38), per-patient MI area (6.2 cm2 ± 2.8 vs 5.5 cm2 ± 2.3, respectively; P = .27; correlation coefficient, r = 0.88), and MI area percentage (21.5% ± 17.3 vs 18.5% ± 15.4; P = .17; correlation coefficient, r = 0.89). Conclusion The proposed deep learning framework on nonenhanced cardiac cine MRI enables the confirmation (presence), detection (position), and delineation (transmurality and size) of chronic myocardial infarction. However, future larger-scale multicenter studies are required for a full validation. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Leiner in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- From the Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (N.Z., L.X., Z.F.); Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (Z.G., H.Z.); Anhui University, Hefei, China (C.X., Y.Z.); and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China (H.Z.)
| | - Guang Yang
- From the Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (N.Z., L.X., Z.F.); Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (Z.G., H.Z.); Anhui University, Hefei, China (C.X., Y.Z.); and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China (H.Z.)
| | - Zhifan Gao
- From the Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (N.Z., L.X., Z.F.); Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (Z.G., H.Z.); Anhui University, Hefei, China (C.X., Y.Z.); and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China (H.Z.)
| | - Chenchu Xu
- From the Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (N.Z., L.X., Z.F.); Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (Z.G., H.Z.); Anhui University, Hefei, China (C.X., Y.Z.); and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China (H.Z.)
| | - Yanping Zhang
- From the Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (N.Z., L.X., Z.F.); Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (Z.G., H.Z.); Anhui University, Hefei, China (C.X., Y.Z.); and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China (H.Z.)
| | - Rui Shi
- From the Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (N.Z., L.X., Z.F.); Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (Z.G., H.Z.); Anhui University, Hefei, China (C.X., Y.Z.); and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China (H.Z.)
| | - Jennifer Keegan
- From the Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (N.Z., L.X., Z.F.); Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (Z.G., H.Z.); Anhui University, Hefei, China (C.X., Y.Z.); and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China (H.Z.)
| | - Lei Xu
- From the Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (N.Z., L.X., Z.F.); Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (Z.G., H.Z.); Anhui University, Hefei, China (C.X., Y.Z.); and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China (H.Z.)
| | - Heye Zhang
- From the Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (N.Z., L.X., Z.F.); Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (Z.G., H.Z.); Anhui University, Hefei, China (C.X., Y.Z.); and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China (H.Z.)
| | - Zhanming Fan
- From the Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (N.Z., L.X., Z.F.); Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (Z.G., H.Z.); Anhui University, Hefei, China (C.X., Y.Z.); and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China (H.Z.)
| | - David Firmin
- From the Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2nd Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China (N.Z., L.X., Z.F.); Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, England (G.Y., R.S., J.K., D.F.); Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China (Z.G., H.Z.); Anhui University, Hefei, China (C.X., Y.Z.); and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China (H.Z.)
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9
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Nawaito SA, Sahadevan P, Clavet-Lanthier MÉ, Pouliot P, Sahmi F, Shi Y, Gillis MA, Lesage F, Gaestel M, Sirois MG, Calderone A, Tardif JC, Allen BG. MK5 haplodeficiency decreases collagen deposition and scar size during post-myocardial infarction wound repair. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1281-H1296. [PMID: 30901279 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00532.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MK5 is a protein serine/threonine kinase activated by p38, ERK3, and ERK4 MAPKs. MK5 mRNA and immunoreactivity are detected in mouse cardiac fibroblasts, and MK5 haplodeficiency attenuates the increase in collagen 1-α1 mRNA evoked by pressure overload. The present study examined the effect of MK5 haplodeficiency on reparative fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI). Twelve-week-old MK5+/- and wild-type littermate (MK5+/+) mice underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LADL). Surviving mice were euthanized 8 or 21 days post-MI. Survival rates did not differ significantly between MK5+/+ and MK5+/- mice, with rupture of the LV wall being the primary cause of death. Echocardiographic imaging revealed similar increases in LV end-diastolic diameter, myocardial performance index, and wall motion score index in LADL-MK5+/+ and LADL-MK5+/- mice. Area at risk did not differ between LADL-MK5+/+ and LADL-MK5+/- hearts. In contrast, infarct size, scar area, and scar collagen content were reduced in LADL-MK5+/- hearts. Immunohistochemical analysis of mice experiencing heart rupture revealed increased MMP-9 immunoreactivity in the infarct border zone of LADL-MK5+/- hearts compared with LADL-MK5+/+. Although inflammatory cell infiltration was similar in LADL-MK5+/+ and LADL-MK5+/- hearts, angiogenesis was more pronounced in the infarct border zone of LADL-MK5+/- mice. Characterization of ventricular fibroblasts revealed reduced motility and proliferation in fibroblasts isolated from MK5-/- mice compared with those from both wild-type and haplodeficient mice. siRNA-mediated knockdown of MK5 in fibroblasts from wild-type mice also impaired motility. Hence, reduced MK5 expression alters fibroblast function and scar morphology but not mortality post-MI. NEW & NOTEWORTHY MK5/PRAK is a protein serine/threonine kinase activated by p38 MAPK and/or atypical MAPKs ERK3/4. MK5 haplodeficiency reduced infarct size, scar area, and scar collagen content post-myocardial infarction. Motility and proliferation were reduced in cultured MK5-null cardiac myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Ali Nawaito
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Pramod Sahadevan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Fatiha Sahmi
- Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yanfen Shi
- Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Frederic Lesage
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin G Sirois
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal , Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Montreal Heart Institute , Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Ramos IT, Henningsson M, Nezafat M, Lavin B, Lorrio S, Gebhardt P, Protti A, Eykyn TR, Andia ME, Flögel U, Phinikaridou A, Shah AM, Botnar RM. Simultaneous Assessment of Cardiac Inflammation and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 11:e007453. [PMID: 30524648 PMCID: PMC6277008 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.117.007453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Optimal healing of the myocardium following myocardial infarction (MI) requires a suitable degree of inflammation and its timely resolution, together with a well-orchestrated deposition and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Methods and Results MI and SHAM-operated animals were imaged at 3,7,14 and 21 days with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a 19F/1H surface coil. Mice were injected with 19F-perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoparticles to study inflammatory cell recruitment, and with a gadolinium-based elastin-binding contrast agent (Gd-ESMA) to evaluate elastin content. 19F MRI signal co-localized with infarction areas, as confirmed by late-gadolinium enhancement, and was highest 7days post-MI, correlating with macrophage content (MAC-3 immunohistochemistry) (ρ=0.89,P<0.0001). 19F quantification with in vivo (MRI) and ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy correlated linearly (ρ=0.58,P=0.020). T1 mapping after Gd-ESMA injection showed increased relaxation rate (R1) in the infarcted regions and was significantly higher at 21days compared with 7days post-MI (R1[s-1]:21days=2.8 [IQR,2.69-3.30] vs 7days=2.3 [IQR,2.12-2.5], P<0.05), which agreed with an increased tropoelastin content (ρ=0.89, P<0.0001). The predictive value of each contrast agent for beneficial remodeling was evaluated in a longitudinal proof-of-principle study. Neither R1 nor 19F at day 7 were significant predictors for beneficial remodeling (P=0.68;P=0.062). However, the combination of both measurements (R1<2.34Hz and 0.55≤19F≤1.85) resulted in an odds ratio of 30.0 (CI95%:1.41-638.15;P=0.029) for favorable post-MI remodeling. Conclusions Multinuclear 1H/19F MRI allows the simultaneous assessment of inflammation and elastin remodeling in a murine MI model. The interplay of these biological processes affects cardiac outcome and may have potential for improved diagnosis and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel T Ramos
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Henningsson
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Nezafat
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Begoña Lavin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Lorrio
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Gebhardt
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics of Molecular Imaging Systems, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Protti
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo E Andia
- Radiology Department, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Escuela de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Lavin B, Protti A, Lorrio S, Dong X, Phinikaridou A, Botnar RM, Shah A. MRI with gadofosveset: A potential marker for permeability in myocardial infarction. Atherosclerosis 2018; 275:400-408. [PMID: 29735362 PMCID: PMC6100880 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Acute ischemia is associated with myocardial endothelial damage and microvessel formation, resulting in leakage of plasma albumin into the myocardial extravascular space. In this study, we tested whether an albumin-binding intravascular contrast agent (gadofosveset) allows for improved quantification of myocardial permeability compared to the conventional extracellular contrast agent Gd-DTPA using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1 mapping in vivo. METHODS MI was induced in C57BL/6 mice (n = 6) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) was performed at 3, 10 and 21 days post-MI using Gd-DTPA and 24 h later using gadofosveset. Functional, LGE and T1 mapping protocols were performed 45 min post-injection of the contrast agent. RESULTS LGE images showed that both contrast agents provided similar measurements of infarct area at all time points following MI. Importantly, the myocardial R1 measurements after administration of gadofosveset were higher in the acute phase-day 3 (R1 [s-1] = 6.29 ± 0.29) compared to the maturation phase-days 10 and 21 (R1 [s-1] = 4.76 ± 0.30 and 4.48 ± 0.14), suggesting that the uptake of this agent could be used to stage myocardial remodeling. No differences in myocardial R1 were observed after administration of Gd-DTPA at different time points post-MI (R1 [s-1] = 3d: 3.77 ± 0.37; 10d: 2.74 ± 0.06; 21d: 3.35 ± 0.26). The MRI results were validated by ex vivo histology that showed albumin leakage in the myocardium in the acute phase and microvessel formation at later stages. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the merits of an albumin-binding contrast agent for monitoring changes in myocardial permeability between acute ischemia and chronic post-MI myocardial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Lavin
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrea Protti
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College Hospital Denmark Hill London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Lorrio
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin Dong
- Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College Hospital Denmark Hill London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Alkystis Phinikaridou
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - René M Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ajay Shah
- The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College Hospital Denmark Hill London, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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12
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Takahashi Y, Saito S. [5. Evaluation of Pathology of Heart Disease Models Using Preclinical Ultra-high Field MRI]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2018; 74:404-411. [PMID: 29681609 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2018_jsrt_74.4.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Shigeyoshi Saito
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
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13
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Wang L, Chen Y, Zhang B, Chen W, Wang C, Song L, Xu Z, Zheng J, Gao F. Self-Gated Late Gadolinium Enhancement at 7T to Image Rats with Reperfused Acute Myocardial Infarction. Korean J Radiol 2018. [PMID: 29520182 PMCID: PMC5840053 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2018.19.2.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A failed electrocardiography (ECG)-trigger often leads to a long acquisition time (TA) and deterioration in image quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and optimize the technique of self-gated (SG) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for cardiac late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging of rats with myocardial infarction/reperfusion. Materials and Methods Cardiovascular magnetic resonance images of 10 rats were obtained using SG-LGE or ECG with respiration double-gating (ECG-RESP-gating) method at 7T to compare differences in image interference and TA between the two methods. A variety of flip angles (FA: 10°-80°) and the number of repetitions (NR: 40, 80, 150, and 300) were investigated to determine optimal scan parameters of SG-LGE technique based on image quality score and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Results Self-gated late gadolinium enhancement allowed successful scan in 10 (100%) rats. However, only 4 (40%) rats were successfully scanned with the ECG-RESP-gating method. TAs with SG-LGE varied depending on NR used (TA: 41, 82, 154, and 307 seconds, corresponding to NR of 40, 80, 150, and 300, respectively). For the ECG-RESP-gating method, the average TA was 220 seconds. For SG-LGE images, CNR (42.5 ± 5.5, 43.5 ± 7.5, 54 ± 9, 59.5 ± 8.5, 56 ± 13, 54 ± 8, and 41 ± 9) and image quality score (1.85 ± 0.75, 2.20 ± 0.83, 2.85 ± 0.37, 3.85 ± 0.52, 2.8 ± 0.51, 2.45 ± 0.76, and 1.95 ± 0.60) were achieved with different FAs (10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, and 40°, respectively). Optimal FAs of 20°-30° and NR of 80 were recommended. Conclusion Self-gated technique can improve image quality of LGE without irregular ECG or respiration gating. Therefore, SG-LGE can be used an alternative method of ECG-RESP-gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Molecular Imaging Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yushu Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Song
- Molecular Imaging Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziqian Xu
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fabao Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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14
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Lindsey ML, Kassiri Z, Virag JAI, de Castro Brás LE, Scherrer-Crosbie M. Guidelines for measuring cardiac physiology in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H733-H752. [PMID: 29351456 PMCID: PMC5966769 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00339.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death, and translational research is needed to understand better mechanisms whereby the left ventricle responds to injury. Mouse models of heart disease have provided valuable insights into mechanisms that occur during cardiac aging and in response to a variety of pathologies. The assessment of cardiovascular physiological responses to injury or insult is an important and necessary component of this research. With increasing consideration for rigor and reproducibility, the goal of this guidelines review is to provide best-practice information regarding how to measure accurately cardiac physiology in animal models. In this article, we define guidelines for the measurement of cardiac physiology in mice, as the most commonly used animal model in cardiovascular research. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/guidelines-for-measuring-cardiac-physiology-in-mice/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta , Canada
| | - Jitka A I Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University , Greenville, North Carolina
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15
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Nezafat M, Ramos IT, Henningsson M, Protti A, Basha T, Botnar RM. Improved segmented modified Look-Locker inversion recovery T1 mapping sequence in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187621. [PMID: 29121086 PMCID: PMC5679534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Object To develop and evaluate a 2D modified Look-Locker (MOLLI) for high-resolution T1 mapping in mice using a 3T MRI scanner. Materials and methods To allow high-resolution T1 mapping in mice at high heart rates a multi-shot ECG-triggered 2D MOLLI sequence was developed. In the proposed T1 mapping sequence the optimal number of sampling points and pause cardiac cycles following an initial adiabatic inversion pulse was investigated in a phantom. Seven native control and eight mice, 3 days post myocardial infarction (MI) after administration of gadolinium were scanned. Two experienced readers graded the visual T1 map quality. Results In T1 phantoms, there were no significant differences (<0.4% error) between 12, 15 and 20 pause cardiac cycles (p = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.6 respectively) for 8 acquisition cardiac cycles for 600bpm in comparison to the conventional inversion recovery spin echo T1 mapping sequence for short T1’s (<600 ms). Subsequently, all in-vivo scans were performed with 8 data acquisitions and 12 pause cardiac cycles to minimize scan time. The mean native T1 value of myocardium in control animal was 820.5±52 ms. The post-contrast T1 measured 3 days after MI in scar was 264±59 ms and in healthy myocardium was 512±62 ms. The Bland-Altman analysis revealed mean difference of only -1.06% of infarct size percentage between T1 maps and LGE. Conclusions A multi-shot 2D MOLLI sequence has been presented that allows reliable measurement of high spatial resolution T1 maps in mice for heart rates up to 600bpm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nezafat
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Isabel T. Ramos
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Henningsson
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Protti
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamer Basha
- Cairo University, Biomedical Engineering Department, Giza, Egypt
| | - René M. Botnar
- Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de Ingeniería, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Crowe LA, Montecucco F, Carbone F, Friedli I, Hachulla AL, Braunersreuther V, Mach F, Vallée JP. 4D cardiac imaging at clinical 3.0T provides accurate assessment of murine myocardial function and viability. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 44:46-54. [PMID: 28827099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We validate a 4D strategy tailored for 3T clinical systems to simultaneously quantify function and infarct size in wild type mice after ischemia/reperfusion, with improved spatial and temporal resolution by comparison to previous published protocols using clinical field MRI systems. METHODS C57BL/6J mice underwent 60min ischemia/reperfusion (n=14) or were controls without surgery (n=6). Twenty-four hours after surgery mice were imaged with gadolinium injection and sacrificed for post-mortem MRI and histology with serum also taken for Troponin I levels. The double ECG- and respiratory-triggered 3D FLASH (Fast Low Angle Shot) gradient echo (GRE) cine sequence had an acquired isotropic resolution of 344μm, TR/TE of 7.8/2.9ms and acquisition time 25-35min. The conventional 2D FLASH cine sequence had the same in-plane resolution of 344μm, 1mm slice thickness and TR/TE 11/5.4ms for an acquisition time of 20-25min plus 5min for planning. Left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) volumes were measured and functional parameters compared 2D to 3D, left to right and for inter and intra observer reproducibility. MRI infarct volume was compared to histology. RESULTS For the function evaluation, the 3D cine outperformed 2D cine for spatial and temporal resolution. Protocol time for the two methods was equivalent (25-35min). Flow artifacts were reduced (p=0.008) and epi/endo-cardial delineation showed good intra and interobserver reproducibility. Paired t-test comparing ejection volume left to right showed no significant difference for 3D (p=0.37), nor 2D (p=0.30) and correlation slopes of left to right EV were 1.17 (R2=0.75) for 2D and 1.05 (R2=0.50) for 3D. Quantifiable 'late gadolinium enhancement' infarct volume was seen only with the 3D cine and correlated to histology (R2=0.89). Left ejection fraction and MRI-measured infarct volume correlated (R2>0.3). CONCLUSIONS The 4D strategy, with contrast injection, was validated in mice for function and infarct quantification from a single scan with minimal slice planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Crowe
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy; IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, 10 Largo Rosanna Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Iris Friedli
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Anne-Lise Hachulla
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Vincent Braunersreuther
- Division of Pathology, Department of Genetics and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Geneva, 64 avenue de la Roseraie, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-Paul Vallée
- Division of Radiology, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 4 rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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17
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Totzeck M, Hendgen-Cotta UB, French BA, Rassaf T. A practical approach to remote ischemic preconditioning and ischemic preconditioning against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Biol Methods 2016; 3. [PMID: 28066791 PMCID: PMC5218813 DOI: 10.14440/jbm.2016.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although urgently needed in clinical practice, a cardioprotective therapeutic approach against myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury remains to be established. Remote ischemic preconditioning (rIPC) and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) represent promising tools comprising three entities: the generation of a protective signal, the transfer of the signal to the target organ, and the response to the transferred signal resulting in cardioprotection. However, in light of recent scientific advances, many controversies arise regarding the efficacy of the underlying signaling. We here show methods for the generation of the signaling cascade by rIPC as well as IPC in a mouse model for in vivo myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury using highly reproducible approaches. This is accomplished by taking advantage of easily applicable preconditioning strategies compatible with the clinical setting. We describe methods for using laser Doppler perfusion imaging to monitor the cessation and recovery of perfusion in real time. The effects of preconditioning on cardiac function can also be assessed using ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging approaches. On a cellular level, we confirm how tissue injury can be monitored using histological assessment of infarct size in conjunction with immunohistochemistry to assess both aspects in a single specimen. Finally, we outline, how the rIPC-associated signaling can be transferred to the target cell via conservation of the signal in the humoral (blood) compartment. This compilation of experimental protocols including a conditioning regimen comparable to the clinical setting should proof useful to both beginners and experts in the field of myocardial infarction, supplying information for the detailed procedures as well as troubleshooting guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Totzeck
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Angiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Angiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Angiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
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18
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Omiya S, Omori Y, Taneike M, Protti A, Yamaguchi O, Akira S, Shah AM, Nishida K, Otsu K. Toll-like receptor 9 prevents cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction in mice independently of inflammation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1485-H1497. [PMID: 27769998 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00481.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of pressure overload-induced inflammatory responses and heart failure. However, its role in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction has not been elucidated. TLR9-deficient and control C57Bl/6 wild-type mice were subjected to left coronary artery ligation. The survival rate 14 days postoperation was significantly lower in TLR9-deficient mice than that in wild-type mice with evidence of cardiac rupture in all dead mice. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed no difference in infarct size and left ventricular wall thickness and function between TLR9-deficient and wild-type mice. There were no differences in the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells and the levels of inflammatory cytokine mRNA in infarct hearts between TLR9-deficient and wild-type mice. The number of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive myofibroblasts and αSMA/Ki67-double-positive proliferative myofibroblasts was increased in the infarct and border areas in infarct hearts compared with those in sham-operated hearts in wild-type mice, but not in TLR9-deficient mice. The class B CpG oligonucleotide increased the phosphorylation level of NF-κB and the number of αSMA-positive and αSMA/Ki67-double-positive cells and these increases were attenuated by BAY1-7082, an NF-κB inhibitor, in cardiac fibroblasts isolated from wild-type hearts. The CpG oligonucleotide showed no effect on NF-κB activation or the number of αSMA-positive and αSMA/Ki67-double-positive cells in cardiac fibroblasts from TLR9-deficient hearts. Although the TLR9 signaling pathway is not involved in the acute inflammatory response in infarct hearts, it ameliorates cardiac rupture possibly by promoting proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemiki Omiya
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yosuke Omori
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manabu Taneike
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Protti
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan; and
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kazuhiko Nishida
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kinya Otsu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London, United Kingdom;
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19
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Sirker A, Murdoch CE, Protti A, Sawyer GJ, Santos CXC, Martin D, Zhang X, Brewer AC, Zhang M, Shah AM. Cell-specific effects of Nox2 on the acute and chronic response to myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 98:11-7. [PMID: 27397876 PMCID: PMC5029266 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is involved in the process of adverse cardiac remodeling and development of heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI). NADPH oxidase-2 (Nox2) is a major ROS source within the heart and its activity increases after MI. Furthermore, genetic deletion of Nox2 is protective against post-MI cardiac remodeling. Nox2 levels may increase both in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells and recent studies indicate cell-specific effects of Nox2, but it is not known which of these cell types is important in post-MI remodeling. Methods and results We have generated transgenic mouse models in which Nox2 expression is targeted either to cardiomyocytes (cardio-Nox2TG) or endothelial cells (endo-Nox2TG). We here studied the response of cardio-Nox2TG mice, endo-Nox2TG mice and matched wild-type littermates (WT) to MI induced by permanent left coronary artery ligation up to 4 weeks. Initial infarct size assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cardiac dysfunction were similar among groups. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis were augmented in cardio-Nox2TG compared to WT after MI and post-MI survival tended to be worse whereas endo-Nox2TG mice showed no significant difference compared to WT. Conclusions These results indicate that cardiomyocyte rather than endothelial cell Nox2 may have the more important role in post-MI remodeling. ROS contribute to adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Nox2 is a major cardiac ROS source but with cell-specific effects. Increased Nox2 in cardiomyocytes augments hypertrophy and fibrosis post-MI. Increased Nox2 in endothelium has no significant effect on cardiac remodeling after MI. Cardiomyocyte Nox2 may have the more important role in post-MI remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sirker
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, London, UK
| | - Colin E Murdoch
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, London, UK
| | - Andrea Protti
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, London, UK
| | - Greta J Sawyer
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, London, UK
| | - Celio X C Santos
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, London, UK
| | - Daniel Martin
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, London, UK
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, London, UK
| | - Alison C Brewer
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, London, UK
| | - Min Zhang
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, London, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, London, UK.
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20
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Vanhoutte L, Gerber BL, Gallez B, Po C, Magat J, Balligand JL, Feron O, Moniotte S. High field magnetic resonance imaging of rodents in cardiovascular research. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:46. [PMID: 27287250 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic and gene knockout rodent models are primordial to study pathophysiological processes in cardiovascular research. Over time, cardiac MRI has become a gold standard for in vivo evaluation of such models. Technical advances have led to the development of magnets with increasingly high field strength, allowing specific investigation of cardiac anatomy, global and regional function, viability, perfusion or vascular parameters. The aim of this report is to provide a review of the various sequences and techniques available to image mice on 7-11.7 T magnets and relevant to the clinical setting in humans. Specific technical aspects due to the rise of the magnetic field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Vanhoutte
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium. .,Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bernhard L Gerber
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Unit (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chrystelle Po
- CNRS, ICube, FMTS, Institut de Physique Biologique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Magat
- L'Institut de RYthmologie et de Modélisation Cardiaque (LIRYC), Inserm U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Moniotte
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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21
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Protti A, Mongue-Din H, Mylonas KJ, Sirker A, Sag CM, Swim MM, Maier L, Sawyer G, Dong X, Botnar R, Salisbury J, Gray GA, Shah AM. Bone marrow transplantation modulates tissue macrophage phenotype and enhances cardiac recovery after subsequent acute myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 90:120-8. [PMID: 26688473 PMCID: PMC4727788 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is commonly used in experimental studies to investigate the contribution of BM-derived circulating cells to different disease processes. During studies investigating the cardiac response to acute myocardial infarction (MI) induced by permanent coronary ligation in mice that had previously undergone BMT, we found that BMT itself affects the remodelling response. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared to matched naive mice, animals that had previously undergone BMT developed significantly less post-MI adverse remodelling, infarct thinning and contractile dysfunction as assessed by serial magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiac rupture in male mice was prevented. Histological analysis showed that the infarcts of mice that had undergone BMT had a significantly higher number of inflammatory cells, surviving cardiomyocytes and neovessels than control mice, as well as evidence of significant haemosiderin deposition. Flow cytometric and histological analyses demonstrated a higher number of alternatively activated (M2) macrophages in myocardium of the BMT group compared to control animals even before MI, and this increased further in the infarcts of the BMT mice after MI. CONCLUSIONS The process of BMT itself substantially alters tissue macrophage phenotype and the subsequent response to acute MI. An increase in alternatively activated macrophages in this setting appears to enhance cardiac recovery after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Protti
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK; Division of Imaging Sciences and Bioengineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Heloise Mongue-Din
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Katie J Mylonas
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexander Sirker
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Can Martin Sag
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK; Department of Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Germany
| | - Megan M Swim
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lars Maier
- Department of Cardiology, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Germany
| | - Greta Sawyer
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Xuebin Dong
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Rene Botnar
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Bioengineering, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Jon Salisbury
- Department of Histopathology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gillian A Gray
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK.
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22
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Protti A, Lavin B, Dong X, Lorrio S, Robinson S, Onthank D, Shah AM, Botnar RM. Assessment of Myocardial Remodeling Using an Elastin/Tropoelastin Specific Agent with High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e001851. [PMID: 26272655 PMCID: PMC4599453 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Well-defined inflammation, proliferation, and maturation phases orchestrate the remodeling of the injured myocardium after myocardial infarction (MI) by controlling the formation of new extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix consists mainly of collagen but also fractions of elastin. It is thought that elastin is responsible for maintaining elastic properties of the myocardium, thus reducing the risk of premature rupture. An elastin/tropoelastin–specific contrast agent (Gd-ESMA) was used to image tropoelastin and mature elastin fibers for in vivo assessment of extracellular matrix remodeling post-MI. Methods and Results Gd-ESMA enhancement was studied in a mouse model of myocardial infarction using a 7 T MRI scanner and results were compared to those achieved after injection of a nonspecific control contrast agent, gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). In the infarcted tissue, Gd-ESMA uptake (measured as R1 relaxation rate) steadily increased from day 3 to day 21 as a result of the synthesis of elastin/tropoelastin. R1 values were in good agreement with histological findings. A similar R1 behavior was observed in the remote myocardium. No mature cross-linked elastin was found at any time point. In contrast, Gd-DTPA uptake was only observed in the infarct with no changes in R1 values between 3 and 21 days post-MI. Conclusions We demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo imaging of extracellular matrix remodeling post-MI using a tropoelastin/elastin binding MR contrast agent, Gd-ESMA. We found that tropoelastin is the main contributor to the increased MRI signal at late stages of MI where its augmentation in areas of infarction was in good agreement with the R1 increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Protti
- Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.P., X.D., A.M.S.) Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.P., B.L., S.L., R.M.B.) Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (A.P., B.L., A.M.S., R.M.B.)
| | - Begoña Lavin
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.P., B.L., S.L., R.M.B.) Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (A.P., B.L., A.M.S., R.M.B.)
| | - Xuebin Dong
- Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.P., X.D., A.M.S.)
| | - Silvia Lorrio
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.P., B.L., S.L., R.M.B.)
| | - Simon Robinson
- Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA (S.R., D.O.)
| | - David Onthank
- Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, MA (S.R., D.O.)
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.P., X.D., A.M.S.) Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (A.P., B.L., A.M.S., R.M.B.)
| | - Rene M Botnar
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (A.P., B.L., S.L., R.M.B.) Cardiovascular Division, The British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (A.P., B.L., A.M.S., R.M.B.)
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23
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Mielcarek M, Inuabasi L, Bondulich MK, Muller T, Osborne GF, Franklin SA, Smith DL, Neueder A, Rosinski J, Rattray I, Protti A, Bates GP. Dysfunction of the CNS-heart axis in mouse models of Huntington's disease. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004550. [PMID: 25101683 PMCID: PMC4125112 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodelling and contractile dysfunction occur during both acute and chronic disease processes including the accumulation of insoluble aggregates of misfolded amyloid proteins that are typical features of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease (HD). While HD has been described mainly as a neurological disease, multiple epidemiological studies have shown that HD patients exhibit a high incidence of cardiovascular events leading to heart failure, and that this is the second highest cause of death. Given that huntingtin is ubiquitously expressed, cardiomyocytes may be at risk of an HD-related dysfunction. In mice, the forced expression of an expanded polyQ repeat under the control of a cardiac specific promoter led to severe heart failure followed by reduced lifespan. However the mechanism leading to cardiac dysfunction in the clinical and pre-clinical HD settings remains unknown. To unravel this mechanism, we employed the R6/2 transgenic and HdhQ150 knock-in mouse models of HD. We found that pre-symptomatic animals developed connexin-43 relocation and a significant deregulation of hypertrophic markers and Bdnf transcripts. In the symptomatic animals, pronounced functional changes were visualised by cardiac MRI revealing a contractile dysfunction, which might be a part of dilatated cardiomyopathy (DCM). This was accompanied by the re-expression of foetal genes, apoptotic cardiomyocyte loss and a moderate degree of interstitial fibrosis. To our surprise, we could identify neither mutant HTT aggregates in cardiac tissue nor a HD-specific transcriptional dysregulation, even at the end stage of disease. We postulate that the HD-related cardiomyopathy is caused by altered central autonomic pathways although the pathogenic effects of mutant HTT acting intrinsically in the heart may also be a contributing factor. Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder for which the mutation results in an extra-long tract of glutamines that causes the huntingtin protein to aggregate. It is characterized by neurological symptoms and brain pathology that is associated with nuclear and cytoplasmic aggregates and with transcriptional dysregulation. Despite the fact that HD has been recognized principally as a neurological disease, there are multiple epidemiological studies showing that HD patients exhibit a high rate of cardiovascular events leading to heart failure. To unravel the cause of cardiac dysfunction in HD models, we employed a wide range of molecular and physiological methods using two well established genetic mouse models of this disease. We found that pre-symptomatic animals developed aberrant gap junction channel expression and a significant deregulation of hypertrophic markers that may predispose them to arrhythmia and an overall change in cardiac function. These changes were accompanied by the re-expression of foetal genes, apoptotic cardiomyocyte loss and a moderate degree of interstitial fibrosis in the symptomatic animals. Surprisingly, we could identify neither mutant HTT aggregates in cardiac tissue nor a HD-specific transcriptional dysregulation. Therefore, we conclude that the HD-related cardiomyopathy could be driven by altered central autonomic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mielcarek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Inuabasi
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie K. Bondulich
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Muller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina F. Osborne
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie A. Franklin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Donna L. Smith
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Neueder
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Rosinski
- CHDI Management Inc./CHDI Foundation Inc., Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ivan Rattray
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Protti
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division and Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian P. Bates
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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24
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Hashim Z, Green M, Chung PH, Suhling K, Protti A, Phinikaridou A, Botnar R, Khanbeigi RA, Thanou M, Dailey LA, Commander NJ, Rowland C, Scott J, Jenner D. Gd-containing conjugated polymer nanoparticles: bimodal nanoparticles for fluorescence and MRI imaging. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:8376-8386. [PMID: 24941427 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01491j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous bifunctional semiconductor polymer nanoparticles (SPNs), approximately 30 nm in diameter (as measured from electron microscopy), were synthesised using hydrophobic conjugated polymers, amphiphilic phospholipids and a gadolinium-containing lipid. Their fluorescence quantum yields and extinction coefficients were determined, and their MRI T₁-weighted relaxation times in water were measured. The bimodal nanoparticles were readily taken up by HeLa and murine macrophage-like J774 cells as demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy, and were found to be MRI-active, generating a linear relationship between T₁-weighted relaxation rates and gadolinium concentrations The synthesis is relatively simple, and can easily result in milligrams of materials, although we fully expect scale-up to the gram level to be easily realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Hashim
- Department of Physics, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
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25
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Meßner NM, Zöllner FG, Kalayciyan R, Schad LR. Pre-clinical functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Part II: The heart. Z Med Phys 2014; 24:307-22. [PMID: 25023418 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One third of all deaths worldwide in 2008 were caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and the incidence of CVD related deaths rises ever more. Thus, improved imaging techniques and modalities are needed for the evaluation of cardiac morphology and function. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is a minimally invasive technique that is increasingly important due to its high spatial and temporal resolution, its high soft tissue contrast and its ability of functional and quantitative imaging. It is widely accepted as the gold standard of cardiac functional analysis. In the short period of small animal MRI, remarkable progress has been achieved concerning new, fast imaging schemes as well as purpose-built equipment. Dedicated small animal scanners allow for tapping the full potential of recently developed animal models of cardiac disease. In this paper, we review state-of-the-art cardiac magnetic resonance imaging techniques and applications in small animals at ultra-high fields (UHF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja M Meßner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank G Zöllner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Raffi Kalayciyan
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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26
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Bhan A, Sirker A, Zhang J, Protti A, Catibog N, Driver W, Botnar R, Monaghan MJ, Shah AM. High-frequency speckle tracking echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular function and remodeling after murine myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1371-83. [PMID: 24531814 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00553.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility and accuracy of high-frequency speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in a murine model of myocardial infarction (MI). STE is used clinically to quantify global and regional cardiac function, but its application in mice is challenging because of the small cardiac size and rapid heart rates. A high-frequency micro-ultrasound system with STE (Visualsonics Vevo 2100) was compared against magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the assessment of global left ventricular (LV) size and function after murine MI. Animals subjected to coronary ligation (n = 46) or sham ligation (n = 27) were studied 4 wk postoperatively. Regional and global deformation were also assessed. STE-derived LV ejection fraction (EF) and mass correlated well with MRI indexes (r = 0.93, 0.77, respectively; P < 0.001), as did STE-derived mass with postmortem values (r = 0.80, P < 0.001). Higher STE-derived volumes correlated positively with MRI-derived infarct size (P < 0.01). Global strain parameters were significantly reduced after MI (all P < 0.001) and strongly correlated with LV mass and MRI-derived infarct size as promising surrogates for the extent of remodeling and infarction, respectively (both P < 0.05). Regional strain analyses showed that radial strain and strain rate were relatively preserved in anterior basal segments after MI compared with more apical segments (P < 0.001); however, longitudinal strain and strain rate were significantly impaired both basally and distally (P < 0.001). Strain-derived parameters of dyssynchrony were significantly increased in the MI group (P < 0.01). Analysis time for STE was 210 ± 45 s with acceptable inter- and intraobserver variability. In conclusion, high-frequency STE enables quantitative assessment of regional and global function in the remodeling murine LV after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bhan
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and
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27
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Buonincontri G, Methner C, Carpenter TA, Hawkes RC, Sawiak SJ, Krieg T. MRI and PET in mouse models of myocardial infarction. J Vis Exp 2013:e50806. [PMID: 24378323 PMCID: PMC4110968 DOI: 10.3791/50806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death in the Western world. The similarity of the mouse heart to the human heart has made it an ideal model for testing novel therapeutic strategies. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gives excellent views of the heart noninvasively with clear anatomical detail, which can be used for accurate functional assessment. Contrast agents can provide basic measures of tissue viability but these are nonspecific. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a complementary technique that is highly specific for molecular imaging, but lacks the anatomical detail of MRI. Used together, these techniques offer a sensitive, specific and quantitative tool for the assessment of the heart in disease and recovery following treatment. In this paper we explain how these methods are carried out in mouse models of acute myocardial infarction. The procedures described here were designed for the assessment of putative protective drug treatments. We used MRI to measure systolic function and infarct size with late gadolinium enhancement, and PET with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to assess metabolic function in the infarcted region. The paper focuses on practical aspects such as slice planning, accurate gating, drug delivery, segmentation of images, and multimodal coregistration. The methods presented here achieve good repeatability and accuracy maintaining a high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Buonincontri
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Unversity of Cambridge
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Smit H, Guridi RP, Guenoun J, Poot DHJ, Doeswijk GN, Milanesi M, Bernsen MR, Krestin GP, Klein S, Kotek G. T1 mapping in the rat myocardium at 7 tesla using a modified CINE inversion recovery sequence. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 39:901-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Henk Smit
- Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Jamal Guenoun
- Department of Radiology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Dirk H. J. Poot
- Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Monique R. Bernsen
- Department of Radiology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Klein
- Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Gyula Kotek
- Department of Radiology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam the Netherlands
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Protti A, Dong X, Andia ME, Yu B, Dokukina K, Chaubey S, Phinikaridou A, Vizcay-Barrena G, Taupitz M, Botnar RM, Shah AM. Assessment of inflammation with a very small iron-oxide particle in a murine model of reperfused myocardial infarction. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 39:598-608. [PMID: 24006053 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate a very small iron-oxide particle (VSOP) in a mouse model of acute ischemia-reperfusion to access the mechanism of such particles in areas of myocardial inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were injected with VSOP at several time points, in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction (MI), before and after MI. MRI was used to localize areas of VSOP enhancement, evaluate VSOP areas extension, and determine the related T2* values. Histology, electron microscopy, macrophage counting, and Evan's Blue staining were also performed. RESULTS We found that areas of VSOP uptake decreased from 1 to 8 days post-MI while the related T2* values increased. T2* and VSOP areas, defined from MRI data, correlated well between 1 and 3 days post-MI but not at 7 days after injection. Histological analysis and electron microscopy showed colocalization of macrophages with areas of VSOP staining. However, there was no correlation between number of macrophages and the extension of the VSOP areas achieved by MR. We found that only areas of increased permeability (assessed by Evan's Blue staining) showed colocalization of macrophages and VSOP uptake. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that VSOP allows the assessment of myocardial inflammation associated with increased permeability during infarct healing in a mouse model of ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Protti
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Campbell-Washburn AE, Price AN, Ellmerich S, Simons JP, Al-Shawi R, Kalber TL, Ghatrora R, Hawkins PN, Moon JC, Ordidge RJ, Pepys MB, Lythgoe MF. Monitoring systemic amyloidosis using MRI measurements of the extracellular volume fraction. Amyloid 2013; 20:93-8. [PMID: 23621497 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2013.787984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report the in vivo evaluation, in a murine model, of MRI measurements of the extracellular volume fraction (ECV) for the detection and monitoring of systemic amyloidosis. A new inducible transgenic model was used, with increased production of mouse serum amyloid A protein controlled by oral administration of doxycycline, that causes both the usual hepatic and splenic amyloidosis and also cardiac deposits. ECV was measured in vivo by equilibrium contrast MRI in the heart and liver of 11 amyloidotic and 10 control mice. There was no difference in the cardiac function between groups, but ECV was significantly increased in the heart, mean (standard deviation) 0.20 (0.05) versus 0.14 (0.04), p < 0.005, and liver, 0.27 (0.04) versus 0.15 (0.04), p < 0.0005, of amyloidotic animals and was strongly correlated with the histological amyloid score, myocardium, ρ = 0.67, p < 0.01; liver, ρ = 0.87, p < 0.01. In a further four mice that received human serum amyloid P component (SAP) followed by anti-human SAP antibody, a treatment to eliminate visceral amyloid deposits, ECV in the liver and spleen returned to baseline after therapy (p < 0.01). MRI measurement of ECV is a sensitive marker of amyloid deposits with potential application for early detection and monitoring therapies promoting their clearance.
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31
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Marty B, Djemaï B, Robic C, Port M, Robert P, Valette J, Boumezbeur F, Le Bihan D, Lethimonnier F, Mériaux S. Hindered diffusion of MRI contrast agents in rat brain extracellular micro-environment assessed by acquisition of dynamic T1 and T2 maps. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:12-9. [PMID: 23109388 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of brain tissues characteristics (such as extracellular space and tortuosity) represents valuable information for the design of optimal MR probes for specific biomarkers targeting. This work proposes a methodology based on dynamic acquisition of relaxation time maps to quantify in vivo MRI contrast agent concentration after intra-cerebral injection in rat brain. It was applied to estimate the hindered diffusion in brain tissues of five contrast agents with different hydrodynamic diameters (Dotarem(®) ≈ 1 nm, P846 ≈ 4 nm, P792 ≈ 7 nm, P904 ≈ 22 nm and Gd-based emulsion ≈ 170 nm). In vivo apparent diffusion coefficients were compared with those estimated in an obstacle-free medium to determine brain extracellular space and tortuosity. At a 2 h imaging timescale, all contrast agents except the Gd-based emulsion exhibited significant diffusion through brain tissues, with characteristic times compatible with MR molecular imaging (<70 min to diffuse between two capillaries). In conclusion, our experiments indicate that MRI contrast agents with sizes up to 22 nm can be used to perform molecular imaging on intra-cerebral biomarkers. Our quantification methodology allows a precise estimation of apparent diffusion coefficients, which is helpful to calibrate optimal timing between contrast agent injection and MRI observation for molecular imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Marty
- NeuroSpin, I2BM, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Buonincontri G, Methner C, Krieg T, Carpenter TA, Sawiak SJ. A fast protocol for infarct quantification in mice. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 38:468-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Buonincontri
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre; Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Methner
- Department of Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; United Kingdom
| | - T. Adrian Carpenter
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre; Department of Clinical Neurosciences; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; United Kingdom
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Long-term left ventricular remodelling in rat model of nonreperfused myocardial infarction: sequential MR imaging using a 3T clinical scanner. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:504037. [PMID: 23118511 PMCID: PMC3479400 DOI: 10.1155/2012/504037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To evaluate whether 3T clinical MRI with a small-animal coil and gradient-echo (GE) sequence could be used to characterize long-term left ventricular remodelling (LVR) following nonreperfused myocardial infarction (MI) using semi-automatic segmentation software (SASS) in a rat model. Materials and Methods. 5 healthy rats were used to validate left ventricular mass (LVM) measured by MRI with postmortem values. 5 sham and 7 infarcted rats were scanned at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery to allow for functional and structural analysis of the heart. Measurements included ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and LVM. Changes in different regions of the heart were quantified using wall thickness analyses. Results. LVM validation in healthy rats demonstrated high correlation between MR and postmortem values. Functional assessment at 4 weeks after MI revealed considerable reduction in EF, increases in ESV, EDV, and LVM, and contractile dysfunction in infarcted and noninfarcted regions. Conclusion. Clinical 3T MRI with a small animal coil and GE sequence generated images in a rat heart with adequate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for successful semiautomatic segmentation to accurately and rapidly evaluate long-term LVR after MI.
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Aguor ENE, Arslan F, van de Kolk CWA, Nederhoff MGJ, Doevendans PA, van Echteld CJA, Pasterkamp G, Strijkers GJ. Quantitative T 2* assessment of acute and chronic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 25:369-79. [PMID: 22327962 PMCID: PMC3458196 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-012-0304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Imaging of myocardial infarct composition is essential to assess efficacy of emerging therapeutics. T (2) (*) mapping has the potential to image myocardial hemorrhage and fibrosis by virtue of its short T (2) (*) . We aimed to quantify T (2) (*) in acute and chronic myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS I/R-injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice (n = 9). Sham-operated mice (n = 8) served as controls. MRI was performed at baseline, and 1, 7 and 28 days after surgery. MRI at 9.4 T consisted of Cine, T (2) (*) mapping and late-gadolinium-enhancement (LGE). Mice (n = 6) were histologically assessed for hemorrhage and collagen in the fibrotic scar. RESULTS Baseline T (2) (*) values were 17.1 ± 2.0 ms. At day 1, LGE displayed a homogeneous infarct enhancement. T (2) (*) in infarct (12.0 ± 1.1 ms) and remote myocardium (13.9 ± 0.8 ms) was lower than at baseline. On days 7 and 28, LGE was heterogeneous. T (2) (*) in the infarct decreased to 7.9 ± 0.7 and 6.4 ± 0.7 ms, whereas T (2) (*) values in the remote myocardium were 14.2 ± 1.1 and 15.6 ± 1.0 ms. Histology revealed deposition of iron and collagen in parallel with decreased T (2) (*) . CONCLUSION T (2) (*) values are dynamic during infarct development and decrease significantly during scar maturation. In the acute phase, T (2) (*) values in infarcted myocardium differ significantly from those in the chronic phase. T (2) (*) mapping was able to confirm the presence of a chronic infarction in cases where LGE was inconclusive. Hence, T (2) (*) may be used to discriminate between acute and chronic infarctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eissa N. E. Aguor
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fatih Arslan
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cees W. A. van de Kolk
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel G. J. Nederhoff
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J. A. van Echteld
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J. Strijkers
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Marty B, Larrat B, Van Landeghem M, Robic C, Robert P, Port M, Le Bihan D, Pernot M, Tanter M, Lethimonnier F, Mériaux S. Dynamic study of blood-brain barrier closure after its disruption using ultrasound: a quantitative analysis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:1948-58. [PMID: 22805875 PMCID: PMC3463875 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of therapeutic or diagnostic agents to the brain is majorly hindered by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Recently, many studies have demonstrated local and transient disruption of the BBB using low power ultrasound sonication combined with intravascular microbubbles. However, BBB opening and closure mechanisms are poorly understood, especially the maximum gap that may be safely generated between endothelial cells and the duration of opening of the BBB. Here, we studied BBB opening and closure under magnetic resonance (MR) guidance in a rat model. First, MR contrast agents (CA) of different hydrodynamic diameters (1 to 65 nm) were employed to estimate the largest molecular size permissible across the cerebral tissues. Second, to estimate the duration of the BBB opening, the CA were injected at various times post-BBB disruption (12 minutes to 24 hours). A T(1) mapping strategy was developed to assess CA concentration at the ultrasound (US) focal point. Based on our experimental data and BBB closure modeling, a calibration curve was obtained to compute the half closure time as a function of CA hydrodynamic diameter. These findings and the model provide an invaluable basis for optimal design and delivery of nanoparticles to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Marty
- NeuroSpin, IBM, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Wildgruber M, Settles M, Kosanke K, Bielicki I, Ntziachristos V, Rummeny EJ, Botnar RM, Huber AM. Evaluation of phase-sensitive versus magnitude reconstructed inversion recovery imaging for the assessment of myocardial infarction in mice with a clinical magnetic resonance scanner. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 36:1372-82. [PMID: 22972713 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate phase-sensitive inversion-recovery (PSIR) imaging at 1.5 T in a mouse model of permanent coronary artery ligation as a potentially rapid and robust alternative for the accurate assessment of myocardial infarction (MI) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS PSIR late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging was compared to conventional 2D segmented inversion-recovery imaging for the assessment of murine MI. RESULTS PSIR images provided comparable contrast and kinetics of intravenously injected gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA). At the mid-ventricular level there was good agreement between conventional IR and PSIR for infarct size assessment. After intravenous injection a limited time window of ∼6 minutes is available for delayed enhancement imaging in mice. Whole-heart infarct imaging with 1 mm thick slices was only possible in this restricted time frame when the PSIR method is applied, avoiding the need for repetitively adapting the correct inversion time. Infarct size determined by PSIR MRI demonstrated good agreement with postmortem histology. Infarct size determined by PSIR LGE MRI inversely correlates with left-ventricular function on day 7 after MI. CONCLUSION The PSIR technique provides stable and consistent contrast between hyperenhanced and remote myocardium independent of the selected inversion time (TI) and proved to be a robust, fast, and accurate tool for the assessment of MI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.
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Coolen BF, Paulis LEM, Geelen T, Nicolay K, Strijkers GJ. Contrast-enhanced MRI of murine myocardial infarction - part II. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:969-984. [PMID: 22311260 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models are increasingly used to study the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction in vivo. In this area, MRI has become the gold standard imaging modality, because it combines high spatial and temporal resolution functional imaging with a large variety of methods to generate soft tissue contrast. In addition, (target-specific) MRI contrast agents can be employed to visualize different processes in the cascade of events following myocardial infarction. Here, the MRI sequence has a decisive role in the detection sensitivity of a contrast agent. However, a straightforward translation of clinically available protocols for human cardiac imaging to mice is not feasible, because of the small size of the mouse heart and its extremely high heart rate. This has stimulated intense research in the development of cardiac MRI protocols specifically tuned to the mouse with regard to timing parameters, acquisition strategies, and ECG- and respiratory-triggering methods to find an optimal trade-off between sensitivity, scan time, and image quality. In this review, a detailed analysis is given of the pros and cons of different mouse cardiac MR imaging methodologies and their application in contrast-enhanced MRI of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram F Coolen
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
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Geelen T, Paulis LEM, Coolen BF, Nicolay K, Strijkers GJ. Contrast-enhanced MRI of murine myocardial infarction - part I. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:953-968. [PMID: 22308108 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of contrast agents has added considerable value to the existing cardiac MRI toolbox that can be used to study murine myocardial infarction, as it enables detailed in vivo visualization of the molecular and cellular processes that occur in the infarcted and remote tissue. A variety of non-targeted and targeted contrast agents to study myocardial infarction are available and under development. Manganese, which acts as a calcium analogue, can be used to assess cell viability. Traditionally, low-molecular-weight Gd-containing contrast agents are employed to measure infarct size in a late gadolinium enhancement experiment. Gd-based blood-pool agents are used to study the vascular status of the myocardium. The use of targeted contrast agents facilitates more detailed imaging of pathophysiological processes in the acute and chronic infarct. Cell death was visualized by contrast agents functionalized with annexin A5 that binds specifically to phosphatidylserine accessible on dying cells and with an agent that binds to the exposed DNA of dead cells. Inflammation in the myocardium was depicted by contrast agents that target cell adhesion molecules expressed on activated endothelium, by contrast agents that are phagocytosed by inflammatory cells, and by using a probe that targets enzymes excreted by inflammatory cells. Cardiac remodeling processes were visualized with a contrast agent that binds to angiogenic vasculature and with an MR probe that specifically binds to collagen in the fibrotic myocardium. These recent advances in murine contrast-enhanced cardiac MRI have made a substantial contribution to the visualization of the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction, cardiac remodeling processes and the progression to heart failure, which helps to design new treatments. This review discusses the advances and challenges in the development and application of MRI contrast agents to study murine myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Geelen
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands
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Protti A, Dong X, Sirker A, Botnar R, Shah AM. MRI-based prediction of adverse cardiac remodeling after murine myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H309-14. [PMID: 22636680 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00208.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) results in adverse cardiac remodeling leading to heart failure and increased mortality. Experimental mouse models of MI are extensively used to identify mechanisms underlying adverse remodeling, but the extent of remodeling that occurs may be highly variable and can limit the utility to discover new disease pathways. The ability to predict the development of significant late post-MI remodeling would be invaluable in conducting such studies by increasing throughput and efficiency. This study aimed to identify potential thresholds of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters measured early after murine MI that would predict the development of significant adverse remodeling at 4 wk. MI was achieved by permanent coronary ligation and animals (n = 84) were followed up for 4 wk subsequently. MRI was used to assess left ventricular (LV) volumes, mass and ejection fraction, as well as infarct size (IS). Late gadolinium enhancement cine-MRI was performed at 2 days with standard cine-MRI at 30 days post-MI. Utilizing multiple logistic regression, we found that IS >36%, at 2 days post-MI, was the overall best single predictor of adverse remodeling at 30 days (sensitivity 80.7%, specificity 88.9%; C-statistic of 0.939 from receiver-operating curve analysis). LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) >32 μl was also an excellent predictor comparable to IS. The combination of IS >36% and/or LVESV >32 μl provided the highest predictive values for late adverse remodeling among multiple predictors. This study demonstrates that MRI-based estimation of IS and ESV during the acute phase of murine MI are good predictors of subsequent adverse remodeling that may aid experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Protti
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, United Kingdom.
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Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance of Myocardial Structure, Function, and Perfusion in Mouse and Rat Models. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-012-9122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Stuckey DJ, Carr CA, Camelliti P, Tyler DJ, Davies KE, Clarke K. In vivo MRI characterization of progressive cardiac dysfunction in the mdx mouse model of muscular dystrophy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e28569. [PMID: 22235247 PMCID: PMC3250389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The mdx mouse has proven to be useful in understanding the cardiomyopathy that frequently occurs in muscular dystrophy patients. Here we employed a comprehensive array of clinically relevant in vivo MRI techniques to identify early markers of cardiac dysfunction and follow disease progression in the hearts of mdx mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Serial measurements of cardiac morphology and function were made in the same group of mdx mice and controls (housed in a non-SPF facility) using MRI at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after birth. Left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) systolic and diastolic function, response to dobutamine stress and myocardial fibrosis were assessed. RV dysfunction preceded LV dysfunction, with RV end systolic volumes increased and RV ejection fractions reduced at 3 months of age. LV ejection fractions were reduced at 12 months, compared with controls. An abnormal response to dobutamine stress was identified in the RV of mdx mice as early as 1 month. Late-gadolinium-enhanced MRI identified increased levels of myocardial fibrosis in 6, 9 and 12-month-old mdx mice, the extent of fibrosis correlating with the degree of cardiac remodeling and hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS MRI could identify cardiac abnormalities in the RV of mdx mice as young as 1 month, and detected myocardial fibrosis at 6 months. We believe these to be the earliest MRI measurements of cardiac function reported for any mice, and the first use of late-gadolinium-enhancement in a mouse model of congenital cardiomyopathy. These techniques offer a sensitive and clinically relevant in vivo method for assessment of cardiomyopathy caused by muscular dystrophy and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Stuckey
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Nascimento DS, Valente M, Esteves T, de Pina MDF, Guedes JG, Freire A, Quelhas P, Pinto-do-Ó P. MIQuant--semi-automation of infarct size assessment in models of cardiac ischemic injury. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25045. [PMID: 21980376 PMCID: PMC3184116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiac regenerative potential of newly developed therapies is traditionally evaluated in rodent models of surgically induced myocardial ischemia. A generally accepted key parameter for determining the success of the applied therapy is the infarct size. Although regarded as a gold standard method for infarct size estimation in heart ischemia, histological planimetry is time-consuming and highly variable amongst studies. The purpose of this work is to contribute towards the standardization and simplification of infarct size assessment by providing free access to a novel semi-automated software tool. The acronym MIQuant was attributed to this application. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Mice were subject to permanent coronary artery ligation and the size of chronic infarcts was estimated by area and midline-length methods using manual planimetry and with MIQuant. Repeatability and reproducibility of MIQuant scores were verified. The validation showed high correlation (r(midline length) = 0.981; r(area) = 0.970 ) and agreement (Bland-Altman analysis), free from bias for midline length and negligible bias of 1.21% to 3.72% for area quantification. Further analysis demonstrated that MIQuant reduced by 4.5-fold the time spent on the analysis and, importantly, MIQuant effectiveness is independent of user proficiency. The results indicate that MIQuant can be regarded as a better alternative to manual measurement. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that MIQuant is a reliable and an easy-to-use software for infarct size quantification. The widespread use of MIQuant will contribute towards the standardization of infarct size assessment across studies and, therefore, to the systematization of the evaluation of cardiac regenerative potential of emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S. Nascimento
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Valente
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Esteves
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Fátima de Pina
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Epidemiologia Clínica, Medicina Preditiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana G. Guedes
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Freire
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Quelhas
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Perpétua Pinto-do-Ó
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Price AN, Cheung KK, Lim SY, Yellon DM, Hausenloy DJ, Lythgoe MF. Rapid assessment of myocardial infarct size in rodents using multi-slice inversion recovery late gadolinium enhancement CMR at 9.4T. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011; 13:44. [PMID: 21892953 PMCID: PMC3182945 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-13-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) can be readily assessed using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). Inversion recovery (IR) sequences provide the highest contrast between enhanced infarct areas and healthy myocardium. Applying such methods to small animals is challenging due to rapid respiratory and cardiac rates relative to T1 relaxation. METHODS Here we present a fast and robust protocol for assessing LGE in small animals using a multi-slice IR gradient echo sequence for efficient assessment of LGE. An additional Look-Locker sequence was used to assess the optimum inversion point on an individual basis and to determine most appropriate gating points for both rat and mouse. The technique was applied to two preclinical scenarios: i) an acute (2 hour) reperfused model of MI in rats and ii) mice 2 days following non-reperfused MI. RESULTS LGE images from all animals revealed clear areas of enhancement allowing for easy volume segmentation. Typical inversion times required to null healthy myocardium in rats were between 300-450 ms equivalent to 2-3 R-waves and ~330 ms in mice, typically 3 R-waves following inversion. Data from rats was also validated against triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and revealed close agreement for infarct size. CONCLUSION The LGE protocol presented provides a reliable method for acquiring images of high contrast and quality without excessive scan times, enabling higher throughput in experimental studies requiring reliable assessment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N Price
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Medicine and UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - King K Cheung
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Medicine and UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London Hospital and Medical School, London, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London Hospital and Medical School, London, UK
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London Hospital and Medical School, London, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Medicine and UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
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Stuckey DJ, Carr CA, Meader SJ, Tyler DJ, Cole MA, Clarke K. First-pass perfusion CMR two days after infarction predicts severity of functional impairment six weeks later in the rat heart. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2011; 13:38. [PMID: 21812990 PMCID: PMC3162911 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-13-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In humans, dynamic contrast CMR of the first pass of a bolus infusion of Gadolinium-based contrast agent has become a standard technique to identify under-perfused regions of the heart and can accurately demonstrate the severity of myocardial infarction. Despite the clinical importance of this method, it has rarely been applied in small animal models of cardiac disease. In order to identify perfusion delays in the infarcted rat heart, here we present a method in which a T1 weighted MR image has been acquired during each cardiac cycle. METHODS AND RESULTS In isolated perfused rat hearts, contrast agent infusion gave uniform signal enhancement throughout the myocardium. Occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery significantly reduced the rate of signal enhancement in anterior regions of the heart, demonstrating that the first-pass method was sensitive to perfusion deficits. In vivo measurements of myocardial morphology, function, perfusion and viability were made at 2 and 8 days after infarction. Morphology and function were further assessed using cine-MRI at 42 days. The perfusion delay was larger in rat hearts that went on to develop greater functional impairment, demonstrating that first-pass CMR can be used as an early indicator of infarct severity. First-pass CMR at 2 and 8 days following infarction better predicted outcome than cardiac ejection fraction, end diastolic volume or end systolic volume. CONCLUSION First-pass CMR provides a predictive measure of the severity of myocardial impairment caused by infarction in a rodent model of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Stuckey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
- Biological Imaging Centre, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephanie J Meader
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark A Cole
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Kieran Clarke
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK
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Bibliography-Editors' selection of current word literature. Coron Artery Dis 2010; 22:45-7. [PMID: 21160292 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0b013e328342fc9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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