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Baghernia H, Seyed Golestan SMJ, Hajiani S, Shokri B, Ghassempour A. Increasing DESI-MS Ion Signal by Plasma Treatment. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:907-916. [PMID: 35522602 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many studies are focused on using plasma in mass spectrometry as an ionization source or postionization method. In this study, the effect of plasma treatment in the sample preparation step of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) has been investigated. The plasma treatment of polar samples, including morphine, codeine, captopril, theophylline, fructose, and amphiphilic compounds such as phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in E. coli bacteria, as well as nonpolar compounds, including thebaine, papaverine, and noscapine, has been followed for ionization efficiency in DESI technique. An atmospheric-pressure glow discharge plasma (GDP) along with the electrospray ionization technique is examined. Plasma treatment before ambient ionization has a dramatic effect on polar and nonpolar sample signals in DESI-TOF mass spectrometry. The intensity of the mass spectrum shows an increase of 1.9-3.4 times for polar compounds, 2.1-2.5 times for nonpolar compounds, and 3.0 times for PE in E. coli bacteria (N = 4). Plasma is a source of reactive atoms, molecules, ions, radicals, and ultraviolet radiation. Plasma surface treatment before DESI analysis by energetic species through momentum/energy transfer yields higher energy surface molecules, leading to more/easier desorption. Under optimal treatment conditions, an improved ion signal intensity is observed without any fragmentation, decomposition, or chemical changes. Ion signals are increased possibly by both increased ionization through protonation of molecules and enhanced subsequent desorption during DESI analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Baghernia
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | | | - Shahedeh Hajiani
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Babak Shokri
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Alireza Ghassempour
- Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
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Gülfen M, Özdemir A, Lin JL, Chen CH. ESI-MS measurements for the equilibrium constants of copper(II)-insulin complexes. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:188-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Teunissen SF, Eberlin MN. Transferring Ions from Solution to the Gas Phase: The Two Basic Principles. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2255-2261. [PMID: 28856608 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1779-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficient formation of gaseous ions is the crucial step in all successful mass spectrometric experiments. The invention of electrospray ionization (ESI) has strongly facilitated this step by transferring preformed ions directly from solution to the gas phase - thereby circumventing the need to first convert analytes to the gas phase and then ionize them - and therefore ESI has become an extremely useful and widely applied MS technique. The invention of sonic spray ionization (SSI) has also allowed for the transfer of ions from solution into the gas phase, but without the assistance of a voltage or heating. Numerous ionization techniques, using similar principles to those applied in either ESI or SSI, have subsequently been developed. Although experimental conditions used in such techniques vary markedly, herein we argue that they are all based on either one of two basic principles by which ions can be transferred from solution to the gas phase, that is: via (1) neutralizing the counter ion, or (2) separating the ions. We have selected 35 such techniques and categorized them accordingly. This article thereby aims to establish the basic principles by which gaseous ions can be obtained from solvated ions. We further propose that any new ionization technique used to transfer solvated ions to the gas phase will similarly fall into one of these two mechanistic categories. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan F Teunissen
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
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Quantifying Na(I)-insulin and K(I)-insulin non-covalent complexes by ESI–MS method and calculation of their equilibrium constants. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:910-918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gülfen M, Özdemir A, Lin JL, Chen CH. Investigation of non-covalent complexations of Ca(II) and Mg(II) ions with insulin by using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:2171-2182. [PMID: 27469404 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic β-cells. Ca(II) and Mg(II) ions play an important role in the secretion of insulin. There is no study about a direct complexation of Ca(II) or Mg(II) with insulin and their equilibrium constants. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is a practical method for the monitoring of non-covalent complexes such as Ca(II)-insulin and Mg(II)-insulin. Here, the equilibrium constants of Ca(II)-insulin and Mg(II)-insulin non-covalent complexes have been calculated after ESI-MS measurements in aqueous solutions. METHODS The effects of pH, competitive binding, ion exchange, and Na(I) and K(I) ions on Ca(II)-insulin and Mg(II)-insulin complexation have been examined by measuring by ESI-MS. The dissociation equilibrium constants (K1 and K2 ) of Ca(II)-insulin and Mg(II)-insulin complexes were calculated from the binomial graph derived from the ESI-MS normalized peak intensities. The MS/MS spectra of the complexes have been examined. RESULTS The dissociation equilibrium constants were found to K1 : 1.29 × 10(-4) M and K2 : 9.69 × 10(-4) M for the Ca(II)-insulin complexes, and K1 : 1.37 × 10(-4) M and K2 : 9.12 × 10(-4) M for Mg(II)-insulin complexes. Ca(II) ions have higher complexation capability with insulin than Mg(II) ions. CONCLUSIONS The binding equilibrium constants of Ca(II)- and Mg(II)-insulin non-covalent complexes have been determined successfully by ESI-MS. Ca(II) and Mg(II) ions are involved in the insulin secretion by forming non-covalent complexes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gülfen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Abdil Özdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Jung-Lee Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Douglass KA, Venter AR. Protein analysis by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and related methods. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:553-60. [PMID: 23674280 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) requires little to no sample preparation and has been successfully applied to the study of biologically significant macromolecules such as proteins. However, DESI-MS and other ambient methods that use spray desorption to process samples during ionization appear limited to smaller proteins with molecular masses of 25 kDa or less, and a decreasing instrumental response with increasing protein size has often been reported. It has been proposed that this limit results from the inability of some proteins to easily desorb from the surface during DESI sampling. The present study investigates the apparent mass dependence of the instrumental response observed during the DESI-MS analysis of proteins using spray desorption collection and reflective electrospray ionization. Proteins, as large as 66 kDa, are shown to be quantitatively removed from surfaces by using spray desorption collection. However, incomplete dissolution and the formation of protein-protein and protein-contaminant clusters appear to be responsible for the mass-dependent loss in sensitivity for protein analysis. Alternative ambient mass spectrometry approaches that address some of the problems encountered by spray desorption techniques for protein analysis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Aart Douglass
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, USA
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Monge ME, Harris GA, Dwivedi P, Fernández FM. Mass Spectrometry: Recent Advances in Direct Open Air Surface Sampling/Ionization. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2269-308. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300309q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Monge
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
| | - Glenn A. Harris
- Department
of Biochemistry and
the Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Prabha Dwivedi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
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Nemes P, Vertes A. Ambient mass spectrometry for in vivo local analysis and in situ molecular tissue imaging. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Stein MJ, Lo E, Castner DG, Ratner BD. Plasma pencil atmospheric mass spectrometry detection of positive ions from micronutrients emitted from surfaces. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1572-8. [PMID: 22243439 PMCID: PMC3282486 DOI: 10.1021/ac2028134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Analysis and detection of micronutrients is important for the reduction of the global burden of malnutrition-related disease. A relatively new technique, plasma pencil atmospheric mass spectrometry (PPAMS) was applied in a comprehensive evaluation for rapid, simultaneous detection of the key micronutrients zinc, iron, folate, vitamin A, and iodine. PPAMS was performed through the coupling of a low-temperature plasma pencil to an atmospheric mass spectrometer. The effectiveness of the PPAMS system was demonstrated through the generation of characteristic mass spectra and tandem mass spectra on neat micronutrient powders suspended on double-sided tape. The analytical performance and ability to qualitatively separate out the nutrients from a complex biological solution and each other was then assessed through the application of PPAMS on a sample matrix of micronutrients in porcine plasma in which nutrient concentration is varied from high blood level concentrations (HBLCs) to low blood level concentrations (LBLCs). A multivariate analysis method, principal component analysis (PCA), was then used to qualitatively separate the fragments obtained by nutrient type. The resulting plots of PCA scores of the positive-ion spectra from each mixed sample showed excellent separation of HBLCs and LBLCs of single nutrients at the 95% confidence level (Wagner et al. Langmuir 2001, 17, 4649-4660). The associated plots of PCA loadings showed that key loadings could be attributed to the expected micronutrient fragments. The PPAMS technique was successfully demonstrated and compared with traditional MS techniques: time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Separation of the nutrients at concentrations relevant for human blood-based nutrient detection was possible by both ESI-MS and PPAMS. However, only PPAMS could detect the nutrients at physiological concentrations from porcine plasma. ToF-SIMS could detect the nutrients from plasma solution but required 5 to 1000-times higher concentrations of folate, vitamin A, and iodine to achieve adequate separation of the micronutrients by PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Jeanette Stein
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061
| | - Edward Lo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061
| | - David G. Castner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061
| | - Buddy D. Ratner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061
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Huang MZ, Cheng SC, Cho YT, Shiea J. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry: A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 702:1-15. [PMID: 21819855 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Harris GA, Galhena AS, Fernández FM. Ambient sampling/ionization mass spectrometry: applications and current trends. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4508-38. [PMID: 21495690 DOI: 10.1021/ac200918u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Harris
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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