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Dai HR, Guo HL, Wang WJ, Shen X, Cheng R, Xu J, Hu YH, Ding XS, Chen F. From "wet" matrices to "dry" blood spot sampling strategy: a versatile LC-MS/MS assay for simultaneous monitoring caffeine and its three primary metabolites in preterm infants. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:97-110. [PMID: 37435827 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To update traditional "wet" matrices to dried blood spot (DBS) sampling, based on the liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique, and develop a method for simultaneous analyzing caffeine and its three primary metabolites (theobromine, paraxanthine, and theophylline), supporting routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for preterm infants. METHODS DBS samples were prepared by a two-step quantitative sampling method, i.e., volumetric sampling of a quantitative 10 μL volume of peripheral blood and an 8 mm diameter whole punch extraction by a methanol/water (80/20, v/v) mixture containing 125 mM formic acid. Four paired stable isotope labeled internal standards and a collision energy defect strategy were applied for the method optimization. The method was fully validated following international guidelines and industrial recommendations on DBS analysis. Cross validation with previously developed plasma method was also proceeded. The validated method was then implemented on the TDM for preterm infants. RESULTS The two-step quantitative sampling strategy and a high recovery extraction method were developed and optimized. The method validation results were all within the acceptable criteria. Satisfactory parallelism, concordance, and correlation were observed between DBS and plasma concentrations of the four analytes. The method was applied to provide routine TDM services to 20 preterm infants. CONCLUSIONS A versatile LC-MS/MS platform for simultaneous monitoring caffeine and its three primary metabolites was developed, fully validated, and successfully applied into the routine clinical TDM practices. Sampling method switching from "wet" matrices to "dry" DBS will facilitate and support the precision dosing of caffeine for preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Dai
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Li Guo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jun Wang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xian Shen
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Hui Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xuan-Sheng Ding
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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2
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García-Gavilán JF, Babio N, Toledo E, Semnani-Azad Z, Razquin C, Dennis C, Deik A, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, Fitó M, Arós F, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Lamuela-Raventos R, Clish C, Ruiz-Canela M, Martínez-González MÁ, Hu F, Salas-Salvadó J, Guasch-Ferré M. Olive oil consumption, plasma metabolites, and risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:340. [PMID: 38093289 PMCID: PMC10720204 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olive oil consumption has been inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the impact of olive oil consumption on plasma metabolites remains poorly understood. This study aims to identify plasma metabolites related to total and specific types of olive oil consumption, and to assess the prospective associations of the identified multi-metabolite profiles with the risk of T2D and CVD. METHODS The discovery population included 1837 participants at high cardiovascular risk from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial with available metabolomics data at baseline. Olive oil consumption was determined through food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ) and adjusted for total energy. A total of 1522 participants also had available metabolomics data at year 1 and were used as the internal validation sample. Plasma metabolomics analyses were performed using LC-MS. Cross-sectional associations between 385 known candidate metabolites and olive oil consumption were assessed using elastic net regression analysis. A 10-cross-validation (CV) procedure was used, and Pearson correlation coefficients were assessed between metabolite-weighted models and FFQ-derived olive oil consumption in each pair of training-validation data sets within the discovery sample. We further estimated the prospective associations of the identified plasma multi-metabolite profile with incident T2D and CVD using multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTS We identified a metabolomic signature for the consumption of total olive oil (with 74 metabolites), VOO (with 78 metabolites), and COO (with 17 metabolites), including several lipids, acylcarnitines, and amino acids. 10-CV Pearson correlation coefficients between total olive oil consumption derived from FFQs and the multi-metabolite profile were 0.40 (95% CI 0.37, 0.44) and 0.27 (95% CI 0.22, 0.31) for the discovery and validation sample, respectively. We identified several overlapping and distinct metabolites according to the type of olive oil consumed. The baseline metabolite profiles of total and extra virgin olive oil were inversely associated with CVD incidence (HR per 1SD: 0.79; 95% CI 0.67, 0.92 for total olive oil and 0.70; 0.59, 0.83 for extra virgin olive oil) after adjustment for confounders. However, no significant associations were observed between these metabolite profiles and T2D incidence. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a panel of plasma metabolites linked to the consumption of total and specific types of olive oil. The metabolite profiles of total olive oil consumption and extra virgin olive oil were associated with a decreased risk of incident CVD in a high cardiovascular-risk Mediterranean population, though no associations were observed with T2D incidence. TRIAL REGISTRATION The PREDIMED trial was registered at ISRCTN ( http://www.isrctn.com/ , ISRCTN35739639).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús F García-Gavilán
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentaciò, Nutrició Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, Reus, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nancy Babio
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentaciò, Nutrició Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Zhila Semnani-Azad
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Razquin
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Amy Deik
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nutrició I Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Lipid Clinic, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba University Hospital, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 01009, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Plataforma de Ensayos Clínicos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Hospital Universitario Son Espases, 07120, Palma, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa Lamuela-Raventos
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Nutrició I Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Polyphenol Research Group, Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de L'Alimentació I Gastronomia, Universitat de Barcelon (UB), Av. de Joan XXII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clary Clish
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentaciò, Nutrició Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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García-Gavilán J, Nishi S, Paz-Graniel I, Guasch-Ferré M, Razquin C, Clish CB, Toledo E, Ruiz-Canela M, Corella D, Deik A, Drouin-Chartier JP, Wittenbecher C, Babio N, Estruch R, Ros E, Fitó M, Arós F, Fiol M, Serra-Majem L, Liang L, Martínez-González MA, Hu FB, Salas-Salvadó J. Plasma Metabolite Profiles Associated with the Amount and Source of Meat and Fish Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200145. [PMID: 36214069 PMCID: PMC9722604 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Consumption of meat has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but if plasma metabolite profiles associated with these foods reflect this relationship is unknown. The objective is to identify a metabolite signature of consumption of total meat (TM), red meat (RM), processed red meat (PRM), and fish and examine if they are associated with T2D risk. METHODS AND RESULTS The discovery population includes 1833 participants from the PREDIMED trial. The internal validation sample includes 1522 participants with available 1-year follow-up metabolomic data. Associations between metabolites and TM, RM, PRM, and fish are evaluated with elastic net regression. Associations between the profiles and incident T2D are estimated using Cox regressions. The profiles included 72 metabolites for TM, 69 for RM, 74 for PRM, and 66 for fish. After adjusting for T2D risk factors, only profiles of TM (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06-1.49), RM (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07-1.52), and PRM (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07-1.51) are associated with T2D. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of TM, its subtypes, and fish is associated with different metabolites, some of which have been previously associated with T2D. Scores based on the identified metabolites for TM, RM, and PRM show a significant association with T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús García-Gavilán
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain,Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain,Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephanie Nishi
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain,Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain,Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Indira Paz-Graniel
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain,Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain,Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Razquin
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Estefanía Toledo
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amy Deik
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société, Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Clemens Wittenbecher
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nancy Babio
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain,Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain,Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Agust Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences IUIBS, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Statistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana. Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain,Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain,Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Kim HJ, Choi MS, Rehman SU, Ji YS, Yu JS, Nakamura K, Yoo HH. Determination of Urinary Caffeine Metabolites as Biomarkers for Drug Metabolic Enzyme Activities. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081947. [PMID: 31430927 PMCID: PMC6723199 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is commonly taken via the daily dietary consumption of caffeine-containing foods. The absorbed caffeine is metabolized to yield various metabolites by drug-metabolizing enzymes, and measuring the levels of each caffeine metabolite can provide useful information for evaluating the phenotypes of those enzymes. In this study, the urinary concentrations of caffeine and its 13 metabolites were determined, and the phenotypes of drug metabolic enzymes were investigated based on the caffeine metabolite ratios. Human urine samples were pretreated using solid phase extraction, and caffeine and its metabolites were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the urinary caffeine metabolite concentrations, the caffeine metabolite ratios were calculated for six human subjects at specified time points after caffeine intake. Variations in urinary metabolite levels among individuals and time points were reported. In addition, the resultant enzyme activities showed different patterns, depending on the metabolite ratio equations applied. However, some data presented a constant metabolite ratio range, irrespective of time points, even at pre-dose. This suggests the possibility of urinary caffeine metabolite analysis for routine clinical examination. These findings show that urinary caffeine and the metabolite analysis would be useful in evaluating metabolic phenotypes for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jun Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea
| | - Min Sun Choi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea
| | - Shaheed Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
- Hygiene House Healthcare Center (HHHC), Bannu 28100, Pakistan
| | - Young Seok Ji
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea
| | - Jun Sang Yu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea
| | - Katsunori Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacy, Ryukyu University Hospital, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea.
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5
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Papandreou C, Hernández-Alonso P, Bulló M, Ruiz-Canela M, Yu E, Guasch-Ferré M, Toledo E, Dennis C, Deik A, Clish C, Razquin C, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, Fitó M, Arós F, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Ruano C, Liang L, Martínez-González MA, Hu FB, Salas-Salvadó J. Plasma Metabolites Associated with Coffee Consumption: A Metabolomic Approach within the PREDIMED Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1032. [PMID: 31072000 PMCID: PMC6566346 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the association of a wide range of metabolites with total and subtypes of coffee consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of plasma metabolites with total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee consumption. We also assessed the ability of metabolites to discriminate between coffee consumption categories. This is a cross-sectional analysis of 1664 participants from the PREDIMED study. Metabolites were semiquantitatively profiled using a multiplatform approach. Consumption of total coffee, caffeinated coffee and decaffeinated coffee was assessed by using a validated food frequency questionnaire. We assessed associations between 387 metabolite levels with total, caffeinated, or decaffeinated coffee consumption (≥50 mL coffee/day) using elastic net regression analysis. Ten-fold cross-validation analyses were used to estimate the discriminative accuracy of metabolites for total and subtypes of coffee. We identified different sets of metabolites associated with total coffee, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption. These metabolites consisted of lipid species (e.g., sphingomyelin, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine) or were derived from glycolysis (alpha-glycerophosphate) and polyphenol metabolism (hippurate). Other metabolites included caffeine, 5-acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil, cotinine, kynurenic acid, glycocholate, lactate, and allantoin. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.60 (95% CI 0.56-0.64), 0.78 (95% CI 0.75-0.81) and 0.52 (95% CI 0.49-0.55), in the multimetabolite model, for total, caffeinated, and decaffeinated coffee consumption, respectively. Our comprehensive metabolic analysis did not result in a new, reliable potential set of metabolites for coffee consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Papandreou
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mònica Bulló
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, 31009 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Edward Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, 31009 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Courtney Dennis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Cristina Razquin
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, 31009 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d' Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Álava, 01009 Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Illes Balears Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Family, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Cristina Ruano
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Liming Liang
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA, 31009 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Lai Y, Xue J, Liu CW, Gao B, Chi L, Tu P, Lu K, Ru H. Serum Metabolomics Identifies Altered Bioenergetics, Signaling Cascades in Parallel with Exposome Markers in Crohn's Disease. Molecules 2019; 24:E449. [PMID: 30691236 PMCID: PMC6385106 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has stimulated much interest due to its surging incidences and health impacts in the U.S. and worldwide. However, the exact cause of IBD remains incompletely understood, and biomarker is lacking towards early diagnostics and effective therapy assessment. To tackle these, the emerging high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based metabolomics shows promise. Here, we conducted a pilot untargeted LC/MS metabolomic profiling in Crohn's disease, for which serum samples of both active and inactive cases were collected, extracted, and profiled by a state-of-the-art compound identification workflow. Results show a distinct metabolic profile of Crohn's from control, with most metabolites downregulated. The identified compounds are structurally diverse, pointing to important pathway perturbations ranging from energy metabolism (e.g., β-oxidation of fatty acids) to signaling cascades of lipids (e.g., DHA) and amino acid (e.g., L-tryptophan). Importantly, an integral role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease is highlighted. Xenobiotics and their biotransformants were widely detected, calling for massive exposomic profiling for future cohort studies as such. This study endorses the analytical capacity of untargeted metabolomics for biomarker development, cohort stratification, and mechanistic interpretation; the findings might be valuable for advancing biomarker research and etiologic inquiry in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjia Lai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB #7431, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Jingchuan Xue
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB #7431, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB #7431, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Bei Gao
- NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB #7431, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB #7431, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB #7431, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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7
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Zierer J, Jackson MA, Kastenmüller G, Mangino M, Long T, Telenti A, Mohney RP, Small KS, Bell JT, Steves CJ, Valdes AM, Spector TD, Menni C. The fecal metabolome as a functional readout of the gut microbiome. Nat Genet 2018; 50:790-795. [PMID: 29808030 PMCID: PMC6104805 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome plays a key role in human health 1 , but 16S characterization lacks quantitative functional annotation 2 . The fecal metabolome provides a functional readout of microbial activity and can be used as an intermediate phenotype mediating host-microbiome interactions 3 . In this comprehensive description of the fecal metabolome, examining 1,116 metabolites from 786 individuals from a population-based twin study (TwinsUK), the fecal metabolome was found to be only modestly influenced by host genetics (heritability (H2) = 17.9%). One replicated locus at the NAT2 gene was associated with fecal metabolic traits. The fecal metabolome largely reflects gut microbial composition, explaining on average 67.7% (±18.8%) of its variance. It is strongly associated with visceral-fat mass, thereby illustrating potential mechanisms underlying the well-established microbial influence on abdominal obesity. Fecal metabolic profiling thus is a novel tool to explore links among microbiome composition, host phenotypes, and heritable complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Zierer
- Department for Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew A Jackson
- Department for Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department for Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tao Long
- Human Longevity, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kerrin S Small
- Department for Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department for Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department for Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ana M Valdes
- Department for Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department for Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department for Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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8
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Morton K, Knight K, Kalman D, Hewlings S. A Prospective Randomized, Double-Blind, Two-Period Crossover Pharmacokinetic Trial Comparing Green Coffee Bean Extract-A Botanically Sourced Caffeine-With a Synthetic USP Control. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2018; 7:871-879. [PMID: 29659178 PMCID: PMC6220787 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is a primary dietary source of the chlorogenic acids (CGAs) of phenolic compounds. Coffee contains caffeine and other phytonutrients, including CGAs. Caffeine on its own has been well characterized and descried pharmacokinetically in the literature, less so for CGAs. The purpose of this double‐blind crossover study was to determine the comparative pharmacokinetics of CGAs with caffeine (natural extract) with synthetic caffeine (US Pharmacopeia [USP] standard). Sixteen healthy male subjects were randomly assigned to take 1 dose of product 1, 60 mg of botanically sourced caffeine from 480 mg of green coffee bean extract, or product 2, 60 mg of synthetic USP caffeine, with 5 days between. Blood analysis was done to determine the levels of CGA compounds, more specifically 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), and serum caffeine. The natural caffeine extract exhibited mean peak concentrations (Cmax) of 3‐CQA (11.4 ng/mL), 4‐CQA (6.84 ng/mL), and 5‐CQA (7.20 ng/mL). The mean systemic 4‐hour exposure (AUC0–4 h) was 3‐CQA (27.3 ng·h/mL), 4‐CQA (16.1 ng·h/mL), and 5‐CQA (15.7 ng·h/mL). The median tmax was 3‐CQA (1.00 hour), 4‐CQA (1.00 hour), and 5‐CQA (1.50 hours). The tmax of caffeine was 0.75 hours (natural extract) and 0.63 hours (synthetic caffeine). Cmax and AUC0–4 h of serum caffeine were statistically equivalent between products. The geometric least‐squares mean ratios (GMRs) of Cmax and AUC0–4 h of caffeine were 97.77% (natural extract) and 98.33% (synthetic caffeine). It would appear that CGA compounds from the natural caffeine extract are bioavailable, and 3‐CGA may be the compound most absorbed. In addition, caffeine sourced from natural extract versus synthetic were statistically similar for pharmacokinetic parameters. There were no adverse events or safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katelin Knight
- Central Michigan University, Substantiation Sciences, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | | | - Susan Hewlings
- Central Michigan University, Substantiation Sciences, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
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9
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Rodriguez A, Gomila RM, Martorell G, Costa-Bauza A, Grases F. Quantification of xanthine- and uric acid-related compounds in urine using a "dilute-and-shoot" technique coupling ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1067:53-60. [PMID: 28992566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of relevant metabolites in biofluids such as urine is often a tedious procedure, since it usually requires extraction, purification or preconcentration. For instance, in the analysis of methylxanthines in urine, a solid-phase extraction is often required. In the current work, a rapid and highly sensitive "dilute-and-shoot" method combining ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/HRMS) was validated for urinary determination of twelve analytes: uric acid, hypoxanthine, xanthine, 1-methyluric acid, 1,3-dimethyluric acid, 1-methylxanthine, 3-methylxanthine, 7-methylxanthine, theophylline, theobromine, paraxanthine and caffeine. These analytes are the major physiological metabolites of caffeine, theobromine or theophylline, or final products of purine catabolism. The separation was carried out on a core-shell Kinetek EVO C18 column coupled to a Q Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer equipped with a heated electrospray ionization (HESI) probe, that operated both in positive and negative ionization modes. The twelve analytes eluted from between 1.5 and 10.5min. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) values ranged from 0.25 to 2.5ng/mL, and the calibration curves were linear from the LLOQ to 100ng/mL. The only pretreatment needed was to dilute each urine sample (typically to 1/500) with 0.1% formic acid solution, and then filter the diluted sample before injecting it into the UHPLC system. With this high dilution, there were no significant matrix effects, and the intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy values were acceptable (coefficients of variance and relative errors below 15%, except for the LLOQ, for which they were below 20%). Furthermore, the analysis of spiked urine samples with 25ng/mL of the target analytes showed excellent recoveries and precision levels for the twelve analytes. To our knowledge, there is no other published method that allows for the simultaneous determination of the concentrations of these twelve compounds, nor has a previously reported method been indicated to show such low LLOQ values as we have for the majority of the analytes. We expect our protocol to be useful for nutritional assessments, interventional studies, kidney stone research, and purine metabolism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5. 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Rosa Maria Gomila
- Serveis cientificotècnics, University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5. 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Martorell
- Serveis cientificotècnics, University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5. 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Antonia Costa-Bauza
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5. 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Felix Grases
- Laboratory of Renal Lithiasis Research, University Institute of Health Sciences Research (IUNICS-IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, Ctra Valldemossa, km 7.5. 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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10
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de Jesus Gaffney V, Mota-Filipe H, Pinto RA, Thiemermann C, Loureiro M, Cardoso VV, Benoliel MJ, Almeida CMM. Chemical and biochemical characterization and in vivo safety evaluation of pharmaceuticals in drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2674-2682. [PMID: 27061931 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The water constituents that are currently subject to legal control are only a small fraction of the vast number of chemical substances and microorganisms that may occur in both the environment and water resources. The main objective of the present study was to study the health impact resulting from exposure to a mixture of pharmaceuticals that have been detected in tap water at low doses. Analyses of atenolol, caffeine, erythromycin, carbamazepine, and their metabolites in blood, urine, feces, fat tissue, liver, and kidney after exposure to a mixture of these pharmaceuticals in treated drinking water were performed. The effects of this exposure were assessed in rats by measuring biochemical markers of organ injury or dysfunction. Simultaneously, the selected pharmaceuticals were also quantified in both physiological fluids and organ homogenates by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (performed in multiple reaction monitoring mode and full scan mode). Following exposure of rats to a concentration of a pharmaceutical which was 10 times higher than the concentration known to be present in tap water, trace levels of some pharmaceuticals and their metabolites were detected in biological samples. This exposure did, however, not lead to significant organ injury or dysfunction. Thus, the authors report an experimental model that can be used to characterize the safety profile of pharmaceuticals in treated drinking water using a multiorgan toxicity approach. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2674-2682. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helder Mota-Filipe
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Amaro Pinto
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chris Thiemermann
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Lisbon, Portugal
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Loureiro
- Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A., Laboratories and Water Quality Control Department, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vale Cardoso
- Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A., Laboratories and Water Quality Control Department, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria João Benoliel
- Empresa Portuguesa das Águas Livres, S.A., Laboratories and Water Quality Control Department, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina M M Almeida
- Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Toxicological and Bromatological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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11
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Gu F, Derkach A, Freedman ND, Landi MT, Albanes D, Weinstein SJ, Mondul AM, Matthews CE, Guertin KA, Xiao Q, Zheng W, Shu XO, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Caporaso NE. Cigarette smoking behaviour and blood metabolomics. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:1421-1432. [PMID: 26721601 PMCID: PMC5100605 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying circulating metabolites related to cigarette smoking may provide insight into the biological mechanisms of smoking-related diseases and the nature of addiction. However, previous studies are limited, generally small, and have largely targeted a priori metabolites. METHODS We examined associations between cigarette smoking and metabolites using an untargeted metabolomics approach in 892 men and women from four studies including participants from Italy, USA, China and Finland. We examined associations between individual log-transformed metabolites and two key smoking phenotypes (current smoking status and cigarettes per day [cig/day]) using linear regression. Fixed-effect meta-analysis was used to combine results across studies. Strict Bonferroni thresholds were used as our significance criteria. We further examined associated metabolites with other metrics of smoking behaviuor (current versus former, former versus never, smoking duration and years since quitting) in the US study. RESULTS We identified a total of 25 metabolites associated with smoking behaviours; 24 were associated with current smoking status and eight with cig/day. In addition to three well-established nicotine metabolites (cotinine, hydroxycotinine, cotinine N-oxide), we found an additional 12 xenobiotic metabolites involved in benzoatic (e.g. 3-ethylphenylsulphate) or xanthine metabolism (e.g. 1-methylurate), three amino acids (o-cresol sulphate, serotonin, indolepropionate), two lipids (scyllo-inositol, pregnenolone sulphate), four vitamins or cofactors [e.g. bilirubin (Z,Z)], and one carbohydrate (oxalate). CONCLUSIONS We identified associations between cigarette smoking and a diverse range of metabolites. Our findings, with further validation in future studies, have implications regarding aetiology and study design of smoking-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Gu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA,
| | - Andriy Derkach
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alison M Mondul
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA and
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin A Guertin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qian Xiao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua N Sampson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Determination of urine caffeine and its metabolites by use of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: estimating dietary caffeine exposure and metabolic phenotyping in population studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:771-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Bier D, Hartmann R, Holschbach M. Collision-induced dissociation studies of caffeine in positive electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry using six deuterated isotopomers and one N1-ethylated homologue. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:885-895. [PMID: 23495058 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In order to deepen the understanding of electrospray ionisation collision-induced dissociation (ESI-CID) fragmentation reactions of xanthine derivatives for the identification of metabolites using low-resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis, basic experiments using caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) as model compound have been performed. METHODS Six deuterium isotopomers and one N1-ethylated homologue of caffeine have been synthesized and their ESI fragmentation spectra have been obtained by using LC/MS in combination with either standard or perdeuterated eluent mixtures. RESULTS One result of these studies is the finding that the positive charges of the ESI-CID caffeine fragments are caused by the addition of protons. Furthermore, the performed experiments allow the determination of all molecular formulae of each ESI-CID caffeine fragment. CONCLUSIONS As basic CID reactions of caffeine have been elucidated in this work, the developed fragmentation scheme may serve as a valuable tool for the interpretation of ESI-CID fragmentation spectra of more complex xanthine derivatives and their respective metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bier
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin (INM-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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14
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Chemoreceptors of Escherichia coli CFT073 play redundant roles in chemotaxis toward urine. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54133. [PMID: 23382874 PMCID: PMC3559539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We hypothesize that chemotaxis toward ligands present in urine could direct UPEC into and up the urinary tract. Wild-type E. coli CFT073 and chemoreceptor mutants with tsr, tar, or aer deletions were tested for chemotaxis toward human urine in the capillary tube assay. Wild-type CFT073 was attracted toward urine, and Tsr and Tar were the chemoreceptors mainly responsible for mediating this response. The individual components of urine including L-amino acids, D-amino acids and various organic compounds were also tested in the capillary assay with wild-type CFT073. Our results indicate that CFT073 is attracted toward some L- amino acids and possibly toward some D-amino acids but not other common compounds found in urine such as urea, creatinine and glucuronic acid. In the murine model of UTI, the loss of any two chemoreceptors did not affect the ability of the bacteria to compete with the wild-type strain. Our data suggest that the presence of any strong attractant and its associated chemoreceptor might be sufficient for colonization of the urinary tract and that amino acids are the main chemoattractants for E. coli strain CFT073 in this niche.
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Talik P, Krzek J, Ekiert RJ. Analytical Techniques Used for Determination of Methylxanthines and their Analogues—Recent Advances. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2011.569047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chiney MS, Schwarzenberg SJ, Johnson LA. Altered xanthine oxidase and N-acetyltransferase activity in obese children. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 72:109-15. [PMID: 21382071 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS It is well established that oxidative and conjugative enzyme activity differs between obese and healthy-weight adults. However, the effect of obesity on drug metabolism in children has not been studied extensively. This study examined whether obese and healthy-weight children vary with respect to oxidative enzyme activity of CYP1A2, xanthine oxidase (XO) and conjugative enzyme activity of N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2). METHODS In vivo CYP1A2, XO and NAT2 activity was assessed in obese (n= 9) and lean (n= 16) children between the ages of 6-10 years using caffeine (118.3 ml Coca Cola®) as probe. Urine samples were collected in 2-h increments over 8 h. Caffeine and metabolites were measured using LC/MS, and urinary metabolic ratios were determined based on reported methods. RESULTS Sixteen healthy-weight and nine obese children were evaluated. XO activity was elevated in paediatric obese volunteers compared with non-obese paediatric volunteers (XO metabolic ratio of 0.7 ± 0.06 vs. 0.6 ± 0.06, respectively, 95% CI 0.046, 0.154, P < 0.001). NAT2 activity was fivefold higher in the obese (1 ± 0.4) as compared with non-obese children (0.2 ± 0.1), 95% CI 0.26, 1.34, P < 0.05. However, no difference was observed in CYP1A2 activity between the groups (95% CI -2.72, 0.12, P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that obese children have elevated XO and NAT2 enzyme activity when compared with healthy-weight controls. Further studies are needed to determine how this may impact the efficacy of therapeutic agents that may undergo metabolism by these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj S Chiney
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard ST SE, 7-115C WDH Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Development and validation of a liquid chromatography method with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of brotizolam residues in beef and commercial whole milk. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:1061-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bianco G, Abate S, Labella C, Cataldi TRI. Identification and fragmentation pathways of caffeine metabolites in urine samples via liquid chromatography with positive electrospray ionization coupled to a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap (LTQ) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:1065-1074. [PMID: 19260028 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography (LC) with positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) coupled to a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap (LTQ) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS) was employed for the simultaneous determination of caffeine and its metabolites in human urine within a single chromatographic run. LC/ESI-FTICRMS led to the unambiguous determination of the molecular masses of the studied compounds without interference from other biomolecules. A systematic and comprehensive study of the mass spectral behaviour of caffeine and its fourteen metabolites by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was performed, through in-source ion trap collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the protonated molecules, [M+H](+). A retro-Diels-Alder (RDA) process along with ring-contraction reactions were the major fragmentation pathways observed during CID. The base peak of xanthine precursors originates from the loss of methyl isocyanate (CH(3)NCO, 57 Da) or isocyanic acid (HNCO, 43 Da), which in turn lose a CO unit. Also uric acid derivatives shared a RDA rearrangement as a common fragmentation process and a successive loss of CO(2) or CO. The uracil derivatives showed a loss of a ketene unit (CH(2)CO, 42 Da) from the protonated molecule along with the loss of H(2)O or CO. To assess the potential of the present method three established metabolite ratios to measure P450 CYP1A2, N-acetyltransferase and xanthine oxidase activities were evaluated by a number of identified metabolites from healthy human urine samples after caffeine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Vonaparti A, Lyris E, Panderi I, Koupparis M, Georgakopoulos C. Direct injection liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric horse urine analysis for the quantification and confirmation of threshold substances for doping control. II. Determination of theobromine. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:1020-1028. [PMID: 19263423 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In equine sport, theobromine is prohibited with a threshold level of 2 microg mL(-1) in urine, hence doping control laboratories have to establish quantitative and qualitative methods for its determination. Two simple liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methods for the identification and quantification of theobromine were developed and validated using the same sample preparation procedure but different mass spectrometric systems: ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMS) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). Particle-free diluted urine samples were directly injected into the LC/MS systems, avoiding the time-consuming extraction step. 3-Propylxanthine was used as the internal standard. The tested linear range was 0.75-15 microg mL(-1). Matrix effects were evaluated analyzing calibration curves in water and different fortified horse urine samples. A great variation in the signal of theobromine and the internal standard was observed in different matrices. To overcome matrix effects, a standard additions calibration method was applied. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day analysis were lower than 8.6 and 7.2%, respectively, for the LC/ITMS method and lower than 5.7 and 5.8%, respectively, for the LC/TOFMS method. The bias was less than 8.7% for both methods. The methods were applied to two case samples, demonstrating simplicity, accuracy and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vonaparti
- Doping Control Laboratory of Athens, Olympic Athletic Center of Athens 'Spiros Louis', 37 Kifissias Ave., 151 23 Maroussi, Greece
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Holcapek M, Kolárová L, Nobilis M. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the identification and determination of phase I and phase II drug metabolites. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:59-78. [PMID: 18345532 PMCID: PMC2359828 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1962-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Applications of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) techniques coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the identification and determination of phase I and phase II drug metabolites are reviewed with an emphasis on recent papers published predominantly within the last 6 years (2002–2007) reporting the employment of atmospheric pressure ionization techniques as the most promising approach for a sensitive detection, positive identification and quantitation of metabolites in complex biological matrices. This review is devoted to in vitro and in vivo drug biotransformation in humans and animals. The first step preceding an HPLC-MS bioanalysis consists in the choice of suitable sample preparation procedures (biomatrix sampling, homogenization, internal standard addition, deproteination, centrifugation, extraction). The subsequent step is the right optimization of chromatographic conditions providing the required separation selectivity, analysis time and also good compatibility with the MS detection. This is usually not accessible without the employment of the parent drug and synthesized or isolated chemical standards of expected phase I and sometimes also phase II metabolites. The incorporation of additional detectors (photodiode-array UV, fluorescence, polarimetric and others) between the HPLC and MS instruments can result in valuable analytical information supplementing MS results. The relation among the structural changes caused by metabolic reactions and corresponding shifts in the retention behavior in reversed-phase systems is discussed as supporting information for identification of the metabolite. The first and basic step in the interpretation of mass spectra is always the molecular weight (MW) determination based on the presence of protonated molecules [M+H]+ and sometimes adducts with ammonium or alkali-metal ions, observed in the positive-ion full-scan mass spectra. The MW determination can be confirmed by the [M-H]- ion for metabolites providing a signal in negative-ion mass spectra. MS/MS is a worthy tool for further structural characterization because of the occurrence of characteristic fragment ions, either MSn analysis for studying the fragmentation patterns using trap-based analyzers or high mass accuracy measurements for elemental composition determination using time of flight based or Fourier transform mass analyzers. The correlation between typical functional groups found in phase I and phase II drug metabolites and corresponding neutral losses is generalized and illustrated for selected examples. The choice of a suitable ionization technique and polarity mode in relation to the metabolite structure is discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Holcapek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nám. Cs. Legií 565, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Matusch A, Meyer PT, Bier D, Holschbach MH, Woitalla D, Elmenhorst D, Winz OH, Zilles K, Bauer A. Metabolism of the A1 adenosine receptor PET ligand [18F]CPFPX by CYP1A2: implications for bolus/infusion PET studies. Nucl Med Biol 2006; 33:891-8. [PMID: 17045169 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2006.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Revised: 06/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The A1 adenosine receptor positron emission tomography (PET) ligand 8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-[18F]fluoropropyl)-1-propylxanthine ([18F]CPFPX, ) undergoes a fast hepatic metabolism. An optimal design of PET quantitation approaches (e.g., bolus/infusion studies) necessitates the knowledge of factors that influence this metabolism. Metabolites of were separated by radio thin-layer chromatography. Metabolism in vivo, in pooled human liver microsomes and in recombinant human cytochrome isoenzyme preparations was studied. Dynamic PET studies using were performed on three controls and two patients, one treated with the antidepressant and inhibitor of cytochrome CYP1A2 fluvoxamine, the other suffering from liver cirrhosis. CPFPX is metabolized by cytochrome CYP1A2 with high selectivity [KM=1.1 microM (95% confidence interval, or CI, 0.6-2.0 microM) and Vmax=243 pmol min(-1) mg(-1) (95% CI, 112-373 pmol min(-1) mg(-1)) corresponding to 2.4 pmol min(-1) pmol(-1) cytochrome P-450]. This metabolism can competitively be inhibited by fluvoxamine with KI=68 nM (95% CI, 34-138 nM). At least eight compounds found in human plasma and in the CYP1A2 in vitro preparations have an identical migration pattern and account together for >90% and >80% of the respective metabolite yield. Metabolism was considerably delayed in the two patients. In conclusion, is metabolized by cytochrome CYP1A2. Its metabolism is therefore subdued to disease-related or xenobiotic-induced changes of CYP1A2 activity. The identification of the metabolic pathway of 1 allows to optimize image quantification in A1 adenosine receptor PET studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Matusch
- Institute of Medicine, Research Center Juelich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
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Shyr MH, Lin LC, Chang CH, Wu YT, Hsieh YJ, Tsai TH. Hepatobiliary excretion and brain distribution of caffeine in rats using microdialysis. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Peri-Okonny UL, Wang SX, Stubbs RJ, Guzman NA. Determination of caffeine and its metabolites in urine by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:2652-63. [PMID: 15948212 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The caffeine content of foods and beverages varies considerably, interfering with our ability to obtain valid interpretations in many human studies with regard to the mechanism of action(s) of caffeine and/or its metabolites. The rate of metabolism of caffeine and other xanthine drugs also varies greatly from one individual to another. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop accurate, reliable analytical methods to quantify caffeine and its metabolites in simple and complex matrixes. A simple method is described for the separation and characterization of caffeine and its major metabolites employing capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to ultraviolet-absorption and mass spectrometry (MS) detection. After optimization of the electrophoresis separation conditions, a reliable separation of caffeine and 11 of its major metabolites was achieved in 50 mM ammonium carbonate buffer, pH 11.0. The volatile aqueous electrolyte system used with a normal electroosmotic flow polarity also provided an optimal separation condition for the characterization of the analytes by MS. The CE method achieved baseline resolution for all 12 compounds in less than 30 min. The CE-MS method is suitable for use as a routine procedure for the rapid separation and characterization of caffeine and its metabolites. The usefulness of this method was demonstrated by the extraction, separation, and identification of caffeine and its 11 metabolites from normal urine samples. The urine specimens were first acidified to obtain optimum binding efficiency to the sorbents of the off-line, solid-phase extraction procedure employed here, and an acidified eluent solvent was employed for the desorption step to maximize the recovery of the bound analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unita L Peri-Okonny
- Bioanalytical Drug Metabolism, Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:693-704. [PMID: 15880598 DOI: 10.1002/jms.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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