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Xie S, Yan J, Fu X, Yu G, Yan X, Yang F, Li B. Hepatitis C virus subtype distribution and resistance-associated substitutions in high-risk population groups in Guangdong Province, China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 123:105653. [PMID: 39111345 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In Guangdong Province, hepatitis C virus (HCV) had been found to confer resistance to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). There were few studies of HCV subtypes and resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) of HCV in different high-risk populations. In this study, we aimed to determine the subtype distribution and the RASs in high-risk population groups, including drug users (DU), men who have sex with men (MSM), female sex workers (FSW), and male patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in Guangdong Province (a highly developed province with a large population). METHODS Using a city-based sampling strategy,1356 samples were obtained from different population groups. Phylogenetic analyses determined subtypes based on Core, NS5B, or NS5A sequences. HCV subtype distribution and RASs in various risk groups and regions were analyzed. RESULTS Ten subtypes, of which 6 h and 6 k were novel in Guangdong, were identified. The primary subtype among all risk groups was 6a. RASs in 1b and 3a were different from those observed in other studies. Subtype 3b in western Guangdong was higher than the other three regions. No RASs were found in 6a or any other genotype 6. CONCLUSIONS The HCV subtypes are expanding in high-risk populations in Guangdong. Drug use by other risk groups and commercial sex by DU may bridge the dissemination of 6a from DU to other populations. The RAS profiles of 1b and 3a differed from those reported in studies conducted in southwestern China. Further research is required to determine the reason for this discrepancy. Moreover, the combination of RASs was high in subtype 3b. To guide HCV treatment of subtype 3b, pretreatment subtyping of HCV genotype 3 should be considered in western cities in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Xie
- Institute of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Institute of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Guolong Yu
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinge Yan
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Institute of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Bosheng Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
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Du R, Xu R, Huang J, Wang H, Wang M, Liao Q, Shan Z, Zhong H, Zheng Y, Rong X, Fu Y. HCV 6a was expanding and became the predominant subtype among blood donors between 2004 and 2019 in Guangdong, China. Virol Sin 2022; 37:765-768. [PMID: 35842093 PMCID: PMC9583116 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, HCV 6a has replaced 1b as the most prevalent subtype in blood donors in Guangdong. HCV 6a was the predominant subtype in males and older donors, while 1b predominated in females and younger donors. HCV 6a may expand from Guangdong to other districts of China, and is worthy of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Du
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, 510095, China; The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510095, China (2021-2023)
| | - Ru Xu
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, 510095, China; The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510095, China (2021-2023)
| | - Jieting Huang
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, 510095, China; The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510095, China (2021-2023)
| | - Hao Wang
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, 510095, China; The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510095, China (2021-2023)
| | - Min Wang
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, 510095, China; The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510095, China (2021-2023)
| | - Qiao Liao
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, 510095, China; The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510095, China (2021-2023)
| | - Zhengang Shan
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, 510095, China; The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510095, China (2021-2023)
| | - Huishan Zhong
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, 510095, China; The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510095, China (2021-2023)
| | - Yourong Zheng
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, 510095, China; The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510095, China (2021-2023)
| | - Xia Rong
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, 510095, China; The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510095, China (2021-2023).
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, 510095, China; The Key Medical Laboratory of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510095, China (2021-2023); Department of Transfusion Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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3
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Worldwide prevalence, genotype distribution and management of hepatitis C. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2021; 84:637-656. [PMID: 34965046 DOI: 10.51821/84.4.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, resulting in major global public health concerns. The HCV infection is unevenly distributed worldwide, with variations in prevalence across and within countries. The studies on molecular epidemiology conducted in several countries provide an essential supplement for a comprehensive knowledge of HCV epidemiology, genotypes, and subtypes, along with providing information on the impact of current and earlier migratory flows. HCV is phylogenetically classified into 8 major genotypes and 57 subtypes. HCV genotype and subtype distribution differ according to geographic origin and transmission risk category. Unless people with HCV infection are detected and treated appropriately, the number of deaths due to the disease will continue to increase. In 2015, 1.75 million new viral infections were mostly due to unsafe healthcare procedures and drug use injections. In the same year, access to direct-acting antivirals was challenging and varied in developing and developed countries, affecting HCV cure rates based on their availability. The World Health Assembly, in 2016, approved a global strategy to achieve the elimination of the HCV public health threat by 2030 (by reducing new infections by 90% and deaths by 65%). Globally, countries are implementing policies and measures to eliminate HCV risk based on their distribution of genotypes and prevalence.
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Qu LX, Shi Y, Chen KY, Lu YH, Ren H. The distribution of hepatitis C virus infection in Shanghai, China: a time-spatial study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:974. [PMID: 34536999 PMCID: PMC8449884 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shanghai, as a pilot city of China to achieve the goal of eliminating hepatitis C, its strategy of allocating medical resources is a pressing problem to be solved. This study aims to infer the time-spatial clustering patterns of HCV-infected cases, and grasp the dynamic genotype distribution of HCV, thereby inform elimination strategies of HCV with efficacy and efficiency. METHODS Reported HCV cases including their demographic information in Shanghai city from 2005 to 2018 were released from the National Infectious Disease Reporting Information System, population data at community scale, geographical layers of hospitals, communities and districts were gathered from former research. Blood samples of HCV-infected individuals were collected during 2014-2018 from 24 sentinel hospitals, HCV-antibody test, qualitative nucleic acid test and NS5B/5'UTR gene amplification were performed accordingly to determine the genotypes of the specimen. Furthermore, global and local spatial self-correlation analysis of both acute and chronic HCV infections were conducted at community scale year by year, then time-spatial clusters of acute and chronic HCV infections and HCV genotype distribution of specimen collected from sentinel hospitals by districts were mapped by using Arcmap10.1. RESULTS A total of 2631 acute HCV cases and 15,063 chronic HCV cases were reported in Shanghai from 2005 to 2018, with a peak in 2010 and 2017, respectively. The mean age of chronic HCV patients was 49.70 ± 14.55 years, 3.34 ± 0.32 years older than the acute (t = 10.55, P-value < 0.01). The spatial distribution of acute HCV infection formed one primary cluster (Relative Risk = 2.71), and the chronic formed one primary cluster and three secondary clusters with Relative Risk ranged from 1.94 to 14.42, meanwhile, an overlap of 34 communities between acute and chronic HCV clusters were found with time period spans varied from 6 to 12 years. Genotype 1 (N = 257, 49.71%) was the most prevalent HCV genotype in Shanghai, genotype 3 infections have increased in recent years. Baoshan district presented cluster of acute HCV and the highest proportion of genotype 2, Pudong new area was the cluster of chronic HCV and occupied the highest proportion of genotype 3. CONCLUSIONS Despite the low prevalence of HCV infection, it is still needed to push forward the elimination process in Shanghai, as there is a certain amount of HCV infected people waiting to be treated. The time-spatial clustering patterns and the dynamic of HCV genotype distribution together indicated a changing constitution of different transmission routes of HCV infection, thus, a focused strategy may be needed for high-risk population related to genotype 3 infection like drug users, in addition to an enforcement of the existing measures of preventing the iatrogenic and hematogenic transmission of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xiao Qu
- Department of Viral Hepatitis Control and prevention, Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Viral Hepatitis Control and prevention, Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- Department of Viral Hepatitis Control and prevention, Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Han Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Viral Hepatitis Control and prevention, Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.
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Huang YC, Huang CF, Liu SF, Liu HY, Yeh ML, Huang CI, Hsieh MH, Dai CY, Chen SC, Yu ML, Chuang WL, Huang JF. The performance of HCV GT plus RUO reagent in determining Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Taiwan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246376. [PMID: 33513184 PMCID: PMC7845948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotyping is a pivotal tool for epidemiological investigation, guiding management and antiviral treatment. Challenge existed in identifying subtypes of genotype-1 (G-1) and genotype (GT) of indeterminate. Recently, the Abbott HCV RealTime Genotype Plus RUO assay (HCV GT Plus) has been developed aiming to overcome the limitations. We aimed to evaluate the performance of the assay compared with 5’ UTR sequencing in clinical samples. Materials and methods Eligible individuals were treatment chronic hepatitis C patients that were enrolled consecutively in a medical center and two core regional hospitals in southern Taiwan from Oct 2017 through Aug 2018. The patient with genotype 1 without subtype and indeterminate previously genotyped by Abbott RealTime HCV GT II will further determinate by Abbott HCV RealTime HCV GT Plus. All of the genotype results were validated by 5' UTR sequencing as a reference standard. Results A total of 100 viremic CHC patients were recruited, including 63 G-1 patients (male: 28), and 37 patients (male: 15) of indeterminate genotyped by Abbott RealTime HCV GT II assay (HCV GT II), respectively. The detection rate of 63 GT1 samples without subtype were 93.7% (59/63), 37 indeterminate samples without genotype were 62.2 (23/37) by HCV GT Plus. 5' UTR sequencing confirmed HCV GT Plus characterized results for 84.7% (50/59) of type1, with 100% (4/4), 82.8 (24/29) and 84.6% (22/26) for 1a, 1b and type6; 65.2% (15/23) of indeterminate with 100% (3/3) and 60% (12/20) for 1b and type 6 samples, respectively. Conclusions The Abbott RealTime HCV GT Plus RUO assay provides additional performance in GT detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chou Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Feng Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Liu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yin Liu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lun Yeh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-I Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Hsieh
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Chern Chen
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Lung Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Long Chuang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jee-Fu Huang
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Zhang Y, Gao Z, Wang S, Liu J, Paul N, He T, Liu C, Zhang H, Lv Y, Cao R, Mao W, Wan J, Ma H, Huang M, Liu Y, Wang J, Liao P, Zeng P, He M, Shan H. Hepatitis C virus genotype/subtype distribution and evolution among Chinese blood donors: Revealing recent viral expansion. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235612. [PMID: 32649673 PMCID: PMC7351211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) distribution in China shows significant geographical and demographic difference. As a routinely tested virus in Chinese blood bank systems, rare molecular epidemiology research in blood donors is reported. Our purpose is to investigate the HCV GT/subtypes distribution, phylogenetic analysis and population genetics in Chinese blood donors. Anti-HCV screen positive samples and donor demographics were collected. HCV Core and E1 gene fragments were amplified by RT-PCR, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to determine HCV GTs/subtypes using MEGA 7.0. The population genetics were performed using Arlequin v3.0 and Beast v1.10.4. SPSS Statistics 17.0 software was used to analyze the correlation between HCV GTs/subtypes distribution and demographic characteristics. 419 and 293 samples based on Core and E1 gene respectively were successfully amplified. HCV la, lb, 2a, 3a, 3b, 6a, 6e and 6n were found, and the corresponding proportions were 0.66% (3/455), 58.68% (267/455), 17.80% (81/455) and 5.05% (23/455), 3.52% (16/455), 12.31% (56/455), 0.88% (4/455) and 0.66% (3/455). Samples from Guangxi showed the most abundant genetic diversity with 8 subtypes were found. The number of haplotypes in HCV-1b is higher than 2a and 6a. The negative Tajima's D and Fu's Fs values of HCV-1b, 2a and 6a suggested the population expansion of those HCV subtypes. The distribution of HCV GT showed significant statistical difference by age and ethnicity. Conclusion: An abundance of HCV genetic diversity was found in Chinese blood donors with mainly 1b and then 2a subtype. There were significant geographical and demographic differences in HCV GTs/subtypes among Chinese blood donors. HCV subtype 1b has stronger viability and HCV subtype 6a has experienced significant expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Ness Paul
- The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Tao He
- Chongqing Blood Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Cunxu Liu
- Guangxi Blood Center, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | | | - Yunlai Lv
- Luoyang Blood Center, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ru’an Cao
- Mianyang Blood Center, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Chongqing Blood Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhua Wan
- Urumqi Blood Center, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongli Ma
- Luoyang Blood Center, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Mianyang Blood Center, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxing Wang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Pu Liao
- The People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Peibin Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Miao He
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Shan
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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Analysis of drug-resistance-associated mutations and genetic barriers in hepatitis C virus NS5B sequences in China. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2013-2020. [PMID: 32601956 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B protein is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is required for viral genome replication and constitutes the most important target region for drugs being developed as direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) against HCV genotype 1. However, the extreme genetic variability leading to drug resistance mutations and genetic barriers has dramatically compromised the effectiveness of DAA therapy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of NS5B polymerase in HCV patients from different provinces of China to identify the impact of these resistance sites on genetic barriers. We analyzed 3489 NS5B sequences of HCV strains circulating in different regions of China, obtained from the GenBank database, 153 of which were from three cities in Sichuan Province (Yibin, Zigong and Zhangzhou). Sequence alignment was conducted using MEGA 6.0, the genetic information was translated into amino acids, and the percentage of polymorphic amino acid sites was calculated. The Vijver method was used to evaluate the occurrence of genetic barriers in HCV NS5B sequences. Blood samples were collected from 153 HCV patients from Sichuan for NS5B sequence analysis using real-time PCR and the Sanger method. Of the 17 antiviral drug resistance sites summarized from the published literature, nine were found in Chinese NS5B sequences, and C316Y was identified as the dominant mutation. Analysis of genetic barriers revealed that the probability of mutation to a drug-resistance-associated amino acid, in response to selective pressure from antiviral drugs was 100% at site 96 and 99.7% at site 282. Our study is the first to analyze the drug resistance sites and to evaluate genetic barriers in NS5B sequences that could affect the responsiveness of Chinese HCV patients to DAA therapy. The results provide a valuable basis for drug development and introduction of foreign-origin antiviral drugs in China that targeting the HCV NS5B region.
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Ayele A, Abera D, Hailu M, Birhanu M, Desta K. Prevalence and associated risk factors for Hepatitis B and C viruses among refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:721. [PMID: 32429964 PMCID: PMC7236441 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is an increased flow of refugees into Ethiopia from neighboring countries. However, there are no post-arrival screening mechanisms for hepatitis B and C viruses which could be an additional burden for the local population. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia. It also aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning hepatitis B and C viruses among participants. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 453 refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia from January until May 2018. A questionnaire was used to collect data on refugees' socio-demographic, risk factors, and KAP of hepatitis B and C infections. Five milliliters of blood sample were collected from each participant and the serum was used for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody screening rapid tests. Positive samples were further tested by ELISA method. Data were performed using SPSS version 20, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV among refugees was 7.3% (33/453) and 2.0% (9/453) respectively. Of these, 6.8% (25/370) and 1.4% (5/370) of females were positive for HBsAg and anti-HCV, whereas 9.6% (8/83) and 4.8% (4/83) of males were positive for HBsAg and anti-HCV. The age group of 18-29 and 30-41 years old were related to HCV infection (P = 0.003 and P = 0.020). However, proposed risk factors were not related to HBV and HCV infections. Knowledge assessment showed that 86.5% (392/453) did not know how HBV and HCV infections are transmitted, and 86.8% (393/453) had no information about the availability of HBV vaccine. CONCLUSION This study showed intermediate prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in a large refugee camp in Ethiopia. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus was found to increase with age, but no other risk factor for either virus identified as significant. Refugees' understanding of hepatitis B and C was very limited. This indicates the need for screening policy to be implemented and integrated with other health services and awareness creation about the infection in all refugee camps of Gambella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiyu Ayele
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ethiopian Airport, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Abera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Melese Hailu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Birhanu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassu Desta
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Khedhiri M, Ghedira K, Chouikha A, Touzi H, Sadraoui A, Hammemi W, Triki H. Tracing the epidemic history of hepatitis C virus genotype 1b in Tunisia and in the world, using a Bayesian coalescent approach. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103944. [PMID: 31260787 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Khedhiri
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: "Transmission Controle et Immunobiologie des Infections" (LR11-IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Kais Ghedira
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics - LR16IPT09, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Anissa Chouikha
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: "Transmission Controle et Immunobiologie des Infections" (LR11-IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Henda Touzi
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Sadraoui
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Walid Hammemi
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Henda Triki
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: "Transmission Controle et Immunobiologie des Infections" (LR11-IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
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10
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Song Y, Yang X, Shen Y, Wang Y, Xia X, Zhang AM. STAT3 signaling pathway plays importantly genetic and functional roles in HCV infection. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e821. [PMID: 31219249 PMCID: PMC6687657 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an extensive health problem, which leads to serious liver diseases. Host genetic polymorphisms were associated with HCV infection, progression, and treatment effect of patients. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway was important to HCV infection, but no genetic association was studied between STAT3 signaling pathway and HCV infection. Methods To investigate the genetic and functional roles of the STAT3 signaling pathway, we collected 394 HCV patients and 395 normal controls to genotype 25 signal nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of six genes (Interleukin 6 [IL6, OMIM 147620], Interleukin 6 receptor [IL6R, OMIM 147880], Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha [HNF1A, OMIM 142410], Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha [HNF4A, OMIM 600281], STAT3 [OMIM 102582], and ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 [ABCC2, OMIM 601107]). Then expression level of these genes were analyzed in HCV infected cells with or without IL6 transfection. Results Our results identified that the SNPs in STAT3 signaling pathway were associated with HCV infection or biochemical features of Yunnan HCV patients. Genotype AA of rs4075015 (IL6R) and GG of rs3212172 (HNF4A) increased the risk of HCV infection (p = 0.024 and 0.029), but the genotype AA of rs7553796 (IL6R) played a protective role in HCV infection (p = 0.0008). High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and Glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) level were associated with genotypes of rs4845617 (IL6R, p = 0.045) and rs1053023 (STAT3, p = 0.034), respectively. Cell assays suggested that IL6 transfection could suppress HCV proliferation. RNA and protein levels of the IL6R, HNF1A, STAT3, and ABCC2 genes significantly increased after HCV infection. Conclusion We identified STAT3 signaling pathway influenced HCV infection and biochemical characteristics of HCV patients through genetic and functional aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Song
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Molecular Medicine Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xianyao Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yunsong Shen
- Molecular Medicine Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yiqian Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Molecular Medicine Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - A-Mei Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Molecular Medicine Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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11
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Wang M, Liao Q, Xu R, Song D, Huang J, You Q, Shan Z, Huang K, Rong X, Fu Y. Hepatitis C virus 3b strains in injection drug users in Guangdong Province, China, may have originated in Yunnan Province. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1761-1770. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Xu R, Yu Y, Leitch ECM, Wang M, Huang K, Huang J, Tang X, Liao Q, Song D, Shan Z, Li C, Mclauchlan J, Rong X. HCV genotype 6 prevalence, spontaneous clearance and diversity among elderly members of the Li ethnic minority in Baisha County, China. J Viral Hepat 2019; 26:529-540. [PMID: 30629794 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus varies widely across geographical regions and ethnic groups. Our previous study showed that 6 strains isolated from Baisha County, Hainan Island, China, were all new genotype 6 (gt6) subtypes which differed significantly from subtypes of other regions. In the current study, we conducted a comprehensive epidemiological survey of HCV in the Li ethnic group, native to Baisha County. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected by 2 independent ELISAs in all participants, and positive results confirmed by the recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) and HCV RNA viral loads were measured. Univariate chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors for HCV infection and spontaneous clearance rates. Indeterminate RIBA results were excluded or included in analyses; consequently, findings were expressed as a range. Direct sequencing of partial regions within NS5B and E1 was employed for genotyping. Among 1682 participants, 117 to 153 were anti-HCV positive (7.0%-9.1%), with 42.7%-52.6% confirmed to have cleared infection. Anti-HCV positivity was associated with older age (≥60 years) (OR = 0.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.05, P < 0.01) and surgery (OR = 2.75, 95% CI 1.36-5.57, P < 0.01), with no significant difference found between the HCV infection group and the HCV spontaneous clearance group. The gt6 subtype distribution characteristics of Baisha County were unique, complex and diverse. The sequences did not cluster with known gt6 subtypes but formed 4 Baisha community-specific groups. HCV infection in members of the Li minority ethnic group is characterized by high prevalence rates in the elderly, high spontaneous clearance rates and broad gt6 diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Xu
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongjuan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Baisha Li Autonomous County, Hainan, China
| | | | - Min Wang
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieting Huang
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Tang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Liao
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Song
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengang Shan
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengyao Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - John Mclauchlan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xia Rong
- Institute of Clinical Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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13
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Yan J, Fu XB, Zhou PP, He X, Liu J, Huang XH, Yu GL, Yan XG, Li JR, Li Y, Lin P. Complicated HCV subtype expansion among drug users in Guangdong province, China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:139-145. [PMID: 31048077 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Guangdong Province is one of the most developed and populous provinces in southern China. The subtype situation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Guangdong remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate and estimate the HCV subtypes in drug users (DU) using a city-based sampling strategy to better understand the characteristics of HCV transmission in Guangdong. Archived plasma samples (n = 1074) from DU who were anti-HCV positive in 2014 were selected randomly from 20 cities in Guangdong Province. Subtypes were determined based on core and/or E1 sequences using phylogenetic analysis. The distributions of HCV subtypes in DU and different regions were analyzed. A total of 8 genotypes were identified. The three main HCV subtypes in DU in Guangdong were 6a (63.0%), 3a (15.2%), and 3b (11.8%). Significant differences were discovered among different registered residency and regions but not among genders, marital status, education level, or drug use patterns. HCV subtype 3b was significantly higher in Guangdong residents than in non-Guangdong residents. In contrast, HCV subtype 6a was significantly lower in Guangdong residents than in non-Guangdong residents. Subtype 1b in eastern Guangdong (eastern) was significantly lower, while 6a was significantly higher when compared with other regions. Subtype 3a in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region was significantly higher, while 3b was significantly lower when compared with other regions. In western Guangdong, HCV subtype 3a was significantly lower when compared with other regions. Additionally, in northern Guangdong subtypes 1b and 3b were significantly higher, while 6a was significantly lower when compared with other regions. Our study revealed the diversity and distribution of HCV subtypes in DU in nearly all the cities in Guangdong. The results provide essential information that will allow the establishment of specific intervention strategies that may help prevent HCV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping-Ping Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang He
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Xu-He Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Long Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Ge Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 160 Qunxian Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511430, Guangdong, China
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14
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Le Ngoc C, Tran Thi Thanh T, Tran Thi Lan P, Nguyen Mai T, Nguyen Hoa T, Nghiem My N, Le Van T, Le Manh H, Le Thanh P, Nguyen Van Vinh C, Thwaites G, Cooke G, Heilek GM, Shikuma C, Le T, Baker S, Rahman M. Differential prevalence and geographic distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in acute and chronic hepatitis C patients in Vietnam. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212734. [PMID: 30865664 PMCID: PMC6415813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highest burden of disease from hepatitis C virus (HCV) is found in Southeast Asia, but our understanding of the epidemiology of infection in many heavily burdened countries is still limited. In particular, there is relatively little data on acute HCV infection, the outcome of which can be influenced by both viral and host genetics which differ within the region. We studied HCV genotype and IL28B gene polymorphism in a cohort of acute HCV-infected patients in Southern Vietnam alongside two other cohorts of chronic HCV-infected patients to better understand the epidemiology of HCV infection locally and inform the development of programs for therapy with the increasing availability of directly acting antiviral therapy (DAAs). METHODS We analysed plasma samples from patients with acute and chronic HCV infection, including chronic HCV mono-infection and chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-HCV coinfection, who enrolled in four epidemiological or clinical research studies. HCV infection was confirmed with RNA testing. The 5' UTR, core and NSB5 regions of HCV RNA positive samples were sequenced, and the genotype and subtype of the viral strains were determined. Host DNA from all HCV positive patients and age- and sex-matched non-HCV-infected control individuals were analysed for IL28B single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs12979860 and rs8099917). Geolocation of the patients were mapped using QGIS. RESULTS 355 HCV antibody positive patients were analysed; 54.6% (194/355) and 46.4% (161/355) were acute and chronic infections, respectively. 50.4% (81/161) and 49.6.4% (80/161) of chronic infections had HCV mono-infection and HIV-HCV coinfection, respectively. 88.7% (315/355) and 10.1% (36/355) of the patients were from southern and central regions of Vietnam, respectively. 92.4% (328/355) of patients were HCV RNA positive, including 86.1% (167/194) acute and 100% (161/161) chronic infections. Genotype could be determined in 98.4% (322/328) patients. Genotypes 1 (56.5%; 182/322) and 6 (33.9%; 109/322) predominated. Genotype 1 including genotype 1a was significantly higher in HIV-HCV coinfected patients compared to acute HCV patients [43.8% (35/80) versus 20.5% (33/167)], (p = <0.001), while genotype 6 was significantly higher in chronic HCV mono-infected patients [(44.4% (36/81) versus 20.0% (16/80)] (p = < 0.004) compared to HIV-HCV coinfected patients. The prevalence of IL28B SNP (rs12979860) homozygous CC was 86.46% (83/96) in control individuals and was significantly higher in acutely-infected compared to chronically-infected patients [93.2 (82/88) versus 76.1% (35/46)] (p = < 0.005). CONCLUSION HCV genotype 6 is highly prevalent in Vietnam and the high prevalence in treatment naïve chronic HCV patients may results from poor spontaneous clearance of acute HCV infection with genotype 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Le Ngoc
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Trinh Nguyen Mai
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang Nguyen Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc Nghiem My
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tan Le Van
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hung Le Manh
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Le Thanh
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chau Nguyen Van Vinh
- The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gabrielle M. Heilek
- Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Pleasanton, California, United States of America
| | - Cecilia Shikuma
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Thuy Le
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Stephen Baker
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Motiur Rahman
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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15
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Mettikanont P, Bunchorntavakul C, Reddy KR. Systematic review: epidemiology and response to direct-acting antiviral therapy in genotype 6 chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 49:492-505. [PMID: 30687952 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 6 (GT6) is predominantly encountered in Southeast Asia and data on GT6 response to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy are relatively limited. AIM To review the epidemiology and virologic outcome of DAA regimens in HCV GT6 patients. METHODS Electronic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library databases were conducted. RESULTS Hepatitis C virus genotype 6 is the most genetically diverse, has a prevalence of 19.9%-95.6% in HCV infected patients in Southeast Asia and has been associated with a higher risk of HCC in those with cirrhosis. After an extensive literature review, a total of 20 studies were selected to assess study population and treatment outcomes (total of 938 GT6 patients were included); 12 were clinical trials and eight were observational studies. Sustained virologic response at week 12 (SVR 12) following glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (n = 4; 108 patients), ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (n = 8; 427 patients), sofosbuvir/velpatasvir with or without voxilaprevir (n = 5; 171 patients), sofosbuvir/daclatasvir (n = 3; 172 patients) and sofosbuvir with ribavirin (n = 3; 60 patients) was 98%-100%, 64%-100%, 100%, 88%-94% and 100%, respectively. Failure was mostly in those with cirrhosis and prior treatment experience. DAA therapy was well tolerated and with a serious adverse event rate of <5%. CONCLUSIONS Hepatitis C virus genotype 6 is genetically diverse and is highly prevalent in Asia. While SVR rates have been high, cirrhosis and prior treatment experience marginally compromise response to DAAs. Large scale and exclusive studies in HCV genotype 6 prevalent areas are needed, while the current evidence suggests that DAAs are highly effective and safe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chalermrat Bunchorntavakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Rajavithi Hospital, College of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - K Rajender Reddy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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16
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Xia Y, Pan W, Ke X, Skibbe K, Walker A, Hoffmann D, Lu Y, Yang X, Feng X, Tong Q, Timm J, Yang D. Differential escape of HCV from CD8 + T cell selection pressure between China and Germany depends on the presenting HLA class I molecule. J Viral Hepat 2019; 26:73-82. [PMID: 30260541 PMCID: PMC7379502 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) to CD8+ T cell selection pressure is well described; however, it is unclear if HCV differentially adapts in different populations. Here, we studied HLA class I-associated viral sequence polymorphisms in HCV 1b isolates in a Chinese population and compared viral substitution patterns between Chinese and German populations. We identified three HLA class I-restricted epitopes in HCV NS3 with statistical support for selection pressure and found evidence for differential escape pathways between isolates from China and Germany depending on the HLA class I molecule. The substitution patterns particularly differed in the epitope VTLTHPITK1635-1643 , which was presented by HLA-A*03 as well as HLA-A*11, two alleles with highly different frequencies in the two populations. In Germany, a substitution in position seven of the epitope was the most frequent substitution in the presence of HLA-A*03, functionally associated with immune escape and nearly absent in Chinese isolates. In contrast, the most frequent substitution in China was located at position two of the epitope and became the predominant consensus residue. Moreover, substitutions in position one of the epitope were significantly enriched in HLA-A*11-positive individuals in China and associated with different patterns of CD8+ T cell reactivity. Our study confirms the differential escape pathways selected by HCV that depended on different HLA class I alleles in Chinese and German populations, indicating that HCV differentially adapts to distinct HLA class I alleles in these populations. This result has important implications for vaccine design against highly variable and globally distributed pathogens, which may require matching antigen sequences to geographic regions for T cell-based vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youchen Xia
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (originally named “Shanghai First People's Hospital”)ShanghaiChina
| | - Wen Pan
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiaoyu Ke
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina,Department of EmergencyTongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Kathrin Skibbe
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Andreas Walker
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Bioinformatics and Computational BiophysicsFaculty of BiologyUniversity of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Yinping Lu
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xuecheng Yang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qiaoxia Tong
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of VirologyUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUnion Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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17
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Du G, Li X, Musa TH, Ji Y, Wu B, He Y, Ni Q, Su L, Li W, Ge Y. The nationwide distribution and trends of hepatitis C virus genotypes in mainland China. J Med Virol 2018; 91:401-410. [PMID: 30192393 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive data on hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes distribution is critical for treatment regimen selection, vaccine design, and drug development. This study aimed to understand the dynamic distribution of HCV genotypes in Mainland China. Three hundred sixty-two studies published from January 1993 to December 2017 involving 64 891 samples (5133 injecting drug users, 2748 volunteer blood donors, 1509 former paid plasma donors, 160 sexually encounters, and 1992 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfection patients) were eligible for the quantitative synthesis estimation. Pooled proportion of HCV genotypes (and 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) was estimated through the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation by period, region, and risk group. A sharp decline of the subtype 1b was observed in all regions except in northwestern and central regions. The genotypes 3 and 6 showed an obvious increase in southern and southwestern regions and have already spread nationwide. After 2010, subtype 1b was the most dominant variant in all regions and risk groups, accounting for 54.0% (95% CI, 51.9-56.1) of all national infections. Subtype 2a was the second most prevalent strain in all regions except in the south and southwest, with 15.4% (95% CI, 13.1-17.8) national infections. The subtype 6a in southern region and 3b and 3a in southwestern region had a higher proportion of infections than that in other regions. In addition, the genotypes 3 and 6 are already prevalent in almost all risk groups. The distribution of HCV genotypes were sharply shifting in China in the past three decades. The HCV subtype 1b posed a sharp decline, whereas genotypes 3 and 6 played an increasing role in the regional and populational HCV pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Du
- Hospital Office, Southeast University Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Li
- Department of Lung Transplants Center, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Taha Hussein Musa
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Lung Transplants Center, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Ni
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Su
- Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - You Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Molecular evolution of hepatitis C virus in China: A nationwide study. Virology 2018; 516:210-218. [PMID: 29407379 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary and epidemic history and the regional differences of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are complex and remain unclear in the vast territory China. Here we recruited 1540 HCV-RNA positive patients sampled in 29 provinces across whole China, which is the largest sample capacity and the most comprehensive geographic coverage of China to our knowledge. 1b, 2a, 3b, 6a and 3a were the major subtypes in China. 1b was the most predominant subtype which presented in every province. The second most predominant subtype, 2a, appeared to concentrate in the north of China. Subtypes 3a and 3b were mainly found in the Southwest region, while 6a was restricted in the South region. We further estimated the origins of the dominating subtypes and discovered for the first time that a Chinese-specific transmission pattern for some strains of subtype 2a which was restricted in north China, and Chinese subtype 3b originated from Thailand.
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19
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Changes in the distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes and their association with shifts in transmission routes in Henan, China. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-017-0845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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20
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Genotype and genetic variation of HCV infections with low-risk factors in Putian coastal regions, China. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:3385-3397. [PMID: 29081304 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817002357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity associated with liver disease. Risk factors identified for the transmission of HCV include contaminated blood products, intravenous drug use, body piercing, an infected mother at birth, sexual activity, and dental therapy, among others. However, the exact diversity of the HCV genotype and genetic variation among patients with low-risk factors is still unknown. In this study, we briefly described and analysed the genotype distribution and genetic variation of HCV infections with low-risk factors using molecular biology techniques. The results suggested that genotype 1b was predominant, followed by genotypes 2a and 1a. Genetic variations in the 5' UTR sequences of HCV were identified, including point mutations, deletions, and insertions. The frequency of genetic variations in 1b was higher than in 2a. This study provides considerable value for the prevention and treatment of liver disease caused by HCV among patients with low-risk factors and for the development of HCV diagnostic reagents and vaccines.
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Lu J, Xiang X, Cao Z, Wang W, Zhao G, Tang W, Chen L, Guo S, Zhuang Y, Shi D, Chen L, Bao S, Cai W, Wang H, Zhou H, Xie Q. Younger trend of cirrhosis incidence in genotype 3 HCV infected patients in Eastern China. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1973-1980. [PMID: 28671305 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of HCV genotypes is ever-evolving and requires continuous surveillance. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of HCV genotypes, and their associated demographic and clinical patterns in China. By searching computerized hospital information system, a total of 1155 HCV-positive patients eligible for analysis were retrospectively identified from 12 380 consecutive in-patients in the Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital in China between 2009 and 2014. The percentages of HCV genotype 1, 2, 3, or 6 were 61.3%, 12.8%, 18.5%, or 7.4%, respectively. The number of patients hospitalized for HCV infection increased gradually over the study period, particularly those infected by genotype 3 HCV. Patients of genotype 1, 2, 3, or 6 were significantly different. Genotype 1 or two patients were much older, with higher proportion of blood transfusion history. In contrast, genotype 3 or six patients were younger, predominantly male, with more exposure to intravenous drug use. The cirrhosis incidence was higher in genotype 1 or two patients, followed by genotype 3 and six patients. Strikingly, genotype 3 cirrhotic patients were younger, and their estimated infection durations were also shorter, suggestive of a faster disease progression in genotype 3 patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that presence of HBcAb was an independent predictor of cirrhosis (OR 2.19, 95%CI 1.27-3.42; P = 0.004). The leading increase and the younger trend of cirrhosis incidence in genotype 3 patients argue for a higher priority to manage the infection in this highly at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaogang Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhujun Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gangde Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Simin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lichang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shisan Bao
- Discipline of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhao N, Liu J, Sun D. Detection of HCV genotypes 1b and 2a by a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1048-1054. [PMID: 27935066 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 1b and 2a are the major cause of liver disease in northern China; however, conventional detection tools are labor-consuming, technically demanding, and costly. Here, we assessed the specificity, sensitivity, and clinical utility of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for detection of HCV genotypes 1b and 2a. Firstly, clinical samples were collected from HCV genotype 1b and 2a infected patients and the RNA were extracted. Secondly, specificity of RT-LAMP assay for detection HCV genotypes 1b and 2a were tested against viral genomes of other hepatitis viruses. Sensitivity of RT-LAMP assay was determined using serial dilutions of standard HCV genotypes 1b and 2a. The amplified products were detected by both electrophoresis and calcein/Mn2+ -dependent visual methods. Finally, we compared the clinical detection rate of RT-LAMP to that of real-time PCR. RT-LAMP assay showed high specificity to detect HCV genotypes 1b and 2b since there was no cross-reactivity with other hepatitis viruses. Sensitivity of RT-LAMP was 100 IU/mL for both genotypes detected by either electrophoresis or calcein/Mn2+ -dependent visual methods. The detection rate of RT-LAMP assay in clinical samples was also comparable to that of real-time PCR without significant difference between the both assays. This study proposes a newly developed RT-LAMP assay for detection of HCV genotypes 1b and 2a. RT-LAMP is highly specific, sensitive, and simple diagnostic tool which would be useful for screening and early diagnosis of HCV especially in resource-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- The Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.,The Experiment Center of Pathogen Biology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jinxia Liu
- The Experiment Center of Pathogen Biology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, China
| | - Dianxing Sun
- The Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
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Zhang Y, Chen LM, He M. Hepatitis C Virus in mainland China with an emphasis on genotype and subtype distribution. Virol J 2017; 14:41. [PMID: 28231805 PMCID: PMC5324300 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0710-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the low fidelity of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) mutates quite frequently. There are seven genetically divergent genotypes (GTs) distributed in the world, each of which contains several closely related subtypes. The peer-reviewed literatures reporting the prevalence rate of HCV GTs in Chinese hospitalized patients were identified by systematic searching of three electronic databases, and the prevalence rates were pooled through 137 qualified studies. The significant difference between HCV GT and HCV viral load and severity of hepatitis were analyzed under Chi-squared or Fisher's exact test. Data from epidemiological studies on hospitalized patients demonstrated that HCV GTs 1-6 have been found in China, of which 1b (62.78%(95% CI: 59.54-66.02%)) and 2a (17.39% (95% CI: 15.67-19.11%)) are the two predominant subtypes. HCV GTs and subtypes exhibits significant regional divergence. In North, Northwest, Northeast, East (except Jiangxi province) and Central China (except Hunan province), HCV-1b, 2a remain the two predominant subtypes; South China shows the most abundant genetic diversity that 14 subtypes were found, and HCV-3 in the Southwest China remains higher prevalent subtype than the other regions. In addition, co-infection in Liaoning province of Northeast China is the most diverse with 10 co-infection types, and Tibet has the highest rate of co-infection. The associations between HCV GTs and patients group, severity of illness and antiviral treatment efficacy were also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610052 China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, 610052 China
| | - Li-Min Chen
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610052 China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, 610052 China
- Toronto General Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Miao He
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, 610052 China
- Sichuan Blood Safety and Blood Substitute, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, Chengdu, 610052 China
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Hepatitis C virus genotype 3A in a population of injecting drug users in Montenegro: Bayesian and evolutionary analysis. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1549-1561. [PMID: 28194580 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Few reports are available on HCV molecular epidemiology among IDUs in Eastern Europe, and none in Montenegro. The aim of this study was to investigate the HCV genotype distribution in Montenegro among IDUs and to perform Bayesian and evolutionary analysis of the most prevalent HCV genotype circulating in this population. Sixty-four HCV-positive IDUs in Montenegro were enrolled between 2013 and 2014, and the NS5B gene was sequenced. The Bayesian analysis showed that the most prevalent subtype was HCV-3a. Phylogenetic data showed that HCV-3a reached Montenegro in the late 1990s, causing an epidemic that exponentially grew between the 1995 and 2005. In the dated tree, four different entries, from 1990 (clade D), 1994 (clade A) to 1999 (clade B) and 2001 (clade C), were identified. In the NS5B protein model, the amino acids variations were located mainly in the palm domain, which contains most of the conserved structural elements of the active site. This study provides an analysis of the virus transmission pathway and the evolution of HCV genotype 3a among IDUs in Montenegro. These data could represent the basis for further strategies aimed to improve disease management and surveillance program development in high-risk populations.
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Chen F, Zhang J, Guo F, Wen B, Luo S, Yuan D, Lin Y, Ou W, Tang P, Dai G, Li F, Liu W, Qu X. Hepatitis B, C, and D virus infection showing distinct patterns between injection drug users and the general population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32:515-520. [PMID: 27248508 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatitis B, C, and D virus (HBV, HCV, and HDV) infections are known to be prevalent in injection drug users (IDUs); however, the relationship between the molecular epidemiologic features of hepatitis virus infection in high-risk individuals and the general population has not yet been established. METHODS In total, 1049 IDUs and 672 individuals who underwent physical examinations at Chenzhou hospital, Hunan Province, China, were enrolled. HBV, HCV, and HDV infections were screened with serologic tests in both populations. HBsAg-positive, anti-HCV IgG-positive, and anti-HDV IgG-positive samples were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and DNA sequencing. RESULTS Significantly higher HBV (21.54 vs 16.52%, P = 0.01), HCV (45.95% vs 1.34%, P < 0.001), and HDV (5.62% vs 0.30%, P < 0.001) infections were detected in IDUs compared with the general population. The dual infection of HBV/HCV or HBV/HDV was also significantly higher in IDUs than in the general population. HBV genotype B and HDV genotype II were dominants in both populations. HCV infection showed genotype 6a (49.52%) dominant in IDUs, but genotype 1b accounted for 50% infection, which was followed by genotype 6a (33.33%) in the general population. Higher viral loads were associated with HBV genotype B and HCV genotype 6a compared with non-dominant genotypic infections. CONCLUSIONS HBV and HDV infections shared similar patterns by IDUs and the general populations, and HCV infection exhibited distinct features between two populations. Our results suggest different molecular epidemiologic characteristics of HBV, HCV, and HDV infection in two populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China.,The Fourth People's Hospital of Changde, Hunan province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Fengfan Guo
- Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Bo Wen
- Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Shan Luo
- Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Dongping Yuan
- Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yingbiao Lin
- Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Wensheng Ou
- Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ping Tang
- Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Guozhi Dai
- Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Wenpei Liu
- Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xiaowang Qu
- Translational Medicine Institute, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for High-throughput Molecular Diagnosis Technology, Affiliated The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, China
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Yan LB, Rao HY, Ma YJ, Bai L, Chen EQ, Du LY, Yang RF, Wei L, Tang H. Hepatitis B virus infection in Chinese patients with hepatitis C virus infection: prevalence, clinical characteristics, viral interactions and host genotypes: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012016. [PMID: 27733412 PMCID: PMC5073524 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Little is known about hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in China. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, viral interactions and host genotypes of HBV/HCV dual infection compared with HCV monoinfection. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING China. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS 997 patients with HCV from 28 university-affiliated hospitals in China were enrolled in this research. Patients were divided into two subgroups. RESULTS The prevalence of HBV infection in patients with HCV was 4.11% (41/997). The age-specific prevalence of HBsAg was 0.70%, 3.97% and 5.85% in groups aged 18-30, 30-50 and >50 years old (p=0.057), respectively. Patients with HBV/HCV dual infection and patients with HCV monoinfection had similar HCV viral loads (5.80±0.89 vs 5.83±1.00 log10 IU/mL, p=0.904). The dominant HCV genotype was 1b in both groups (53.65% vs 56.90%, p=0.493). The protective C allele in IL-28B (rs12979860) was also the dominant allele type in both patient groups (85.36% vs 83.99%, p=0.814). Patients with HBV/HCV dual infection had a higher ratio of liver cirrhosis and hepatic decompensation than patients with HCV monoinfection (39.02% vs 17.69%, p=0.001; 31.70% vs 12.13%, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS The HBV burden was moderate in HCV-infected patients in China. Liver cirrhosis was more common in patients with HBV/HCV dual infection, suggesting the need for closer monitoring of dual-infected individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01293279; Post-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Yan
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ying Rao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ji Ma
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Bai
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Qiang Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yao Du
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Feng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lai Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Division of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Wan Z, Chen Q, Chen X, Duo L, Li P, Zheng YT, Zhang C. HCV Diversity among Chinese and Burmese IDUs in Dehong, Yunnan, China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163062. [PMID: 27657722 PMCID: PMC5033387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HCV transmission is closely associated with drug-trafficking routes in China. Dehong, a prefecture of Yunnan, is the important trade transfer station linking Southeast Asia and China, as well as the drug-trafficking channel linking “Golden triangle” and other regions of China and surrounding countries. In this study, we investigated the HCV genotype diversity among IDUs in Dehong based on 259 HCV positive samples from 118 Chinese and 141 Burmese IDUs. HCV genotypes were determined based on the phylogenies of C/E2 and NS5B genomic sequences. Six HCV subtypes, including 1a, 1b, 3a, 3b, 6n and 6u, were detected. Interestingly, 4 HCV sequences from Burmese IDUs did not cluster with any known HCV subtypes, but formed a well-supported independent clade in the phylogenetic trees of both C/E2 and NS5B, suggesting a potential new HCV subtype circulating in Dehong. Subtype 3b was the predominant subtype, followed by subtypes 6n and 6u. Comparison showed that Dehong had a unique pattern of HCV subtype distribution, obviously different from other regions of China. In particular, HCV subtypes 6u and the potential new HCV subtype had a relatively high prevalence in Dehong, but were rarely detected in other regions of China. There was no significant difference in HCV subtype distribution between Burmese and Chinese IDUs. Few HCV sequences from Burmese and Chinese IDUs clustered together to form transmission clusters. Furthermore, about half of HCV sequences from Burmese IDUs formed small transmission clusters, significantly higher than that from Chinese IDUs (p<0.01). These suggest that the Chinese and Burmese IDUs were relatively isolated from each other in injection drug use behavior and the Burmese IDUs might prefer to inject drugs themselves together. The unique genotype distribution and complex diversity of genotype 6 among IDUs may be associated with the special geographical position of Dehong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Wan
- Pathogen Diagnostic Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- Medical Laboratory of Taizhou Fourth People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Pathogen Diagnostic Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Lin Duo
- The Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, China
| | - Peilu Li
- Pathogen Diagnostic Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- * E-mail: (CZ); (YZ)
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Pathogen Diagnostic Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- * E-mail: (CZ); (YZ)
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Niu Z, Zhang P, Tong Y. Age and gender distribution of Hepatitis C virus prevalence and genotypes of individuals of physical examination in WuHan, Central China. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1557. [PMID: 27652130 PMCID: PMC5021643 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 170 million people in the world are infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV). There are no published population based studies about the prevalence of HCV genotypes and the associations of genotype and Infection frequency with gender and age in WuHan. We aimed to investigate the distribution of HCV prevalence and genotypes among different gender and age patients with chronic HCV infection in WuHan from 2011 to 2015. A total of 2685 anti-HCV positive serum samples from individuals of physical examinationwere recruited from the Renmin Hospital of WuHan University, Hubei Province in China from January 2011 to December 2015. From these 2685 anti-HCV positive serum samples, 496 samples were with a positive PCR for HCV RNA. The number of HCV infection showed an increase with year, but the annual infection rate has remained similar (χ2 = 2.94, P = 0.568). 2685 cases were infected with HCV from 2011 to 2015 in WuHan city of China. Blood transfusion (18.14 %) was the main routs of transmission, followed by Surgery (8.94 %). The highest prevalence of HCV infection was at the age group 50–59 (25.85 % of 2685) and the lowest prevalence was 0–9 (0.93 % of 2685). HCV genotype 1 was the most prevalent (73.39 %), followed by genotypes 2 (17.14 %), 3 (5.25 %) and 6 (3.22 %). Genotype 4 and 5 was not detected in these patients. The most prevalent subtype was subtype 1b (71.98 %), followed by genotypes 2a (17.14 %). Five patients had mixed infection across the HCV subtypes. Among all genotypes, genotype 1 was highest in both male (73.27 %) and female (73.47 %) patients, followed by genotype 2. Genotype 1 (male: 29.84 % of 496, vs female: 43.55 % of 496, χ2 = 20.07, P < 0.0001), genotype 2 (male: 6.25 % of 496, vs female: 10.89 % of 496, χ2 = 6.81, P = 0.009), and 6 (male: 1.41 % of 496, vs female: 1.81 % of 496, χ2 = 0.626, P = 0.401) were more common in female patients than males, while no significant gender differences were observed for genotype 6. Among age group 50–59 years Genotype 1 was most common in male patients (29.05 % of 148) followed in 20–29 years (23.65 % of 148), genotype 2 in the age group 60–69 (12 cases of 31) and genotype 3 in the age group 50–59 (4 cases of 13) and genotype 6 was most frequent in the age group 30–39 (4 cases of 7). The frequency of HCV prevalence was significantly higher in female patients compared to males before ages 60, while the opposite result was observed after 60 years. The most common HCV genotype in WuHan was subtype 1b followed by 2a and more common among women than males patients. Further studies are needed to collect a large number of samples to estimate the different epidemiology of the HCV genotypes, because the sample size of non-genotype 1b and 2a is not large enough and other factors like disease history/monthly income/etc. are not included in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiLi Niu
- Department of Laboratory Science, Renmin Hospital of WuHan University, Wuhan City, 430060 Hu Bei Province China
| | - PingAn Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Science, Renmin Hospital of WuHan University, Wuhan City, 430060 Hu Bei Province China
| | - YongQing Tong
- Department of Laboratory Science, Renmin Hospital of WuHan University, Wuhan City, 430060 Hu Bei Province China
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Samimi-Rad K, Rahimnia R, Sadeghi M, Malekpour SA, Marzban M, Keshvari M, Kiani SJ, Alavian SM. Epidemic History of Hepatitis C Virus among Patients with Inherited Bleeding Disorders in Iran. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162492. [PMID: 27611688 PMCID: PMC5017697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The high rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among transfusion related risk groups such as patients with inherited bleeding disorders highlighting the investigation on prevalent subtypes and their epidemic history among this group. In this study, 166 new HCV NS5B sequences isolated from patients with inherited bleeding disorders together with 29 sequences related to hemophiliacs obtained from a previous study on diversity of HCV in Iran were analyzed. The most prevalent subtype was 1a (65%), followed by 3a (18.7%),1b (14.5%),4(1.2%) and 2k (0.6%). Subtypes 1a and 3a showed exponential expansion during the 20th century. Whereas expansion of 3a started around 20 years earlier than 1a among the study patients, the epidemic growth of 1a revealed a delay of about 10 years compared with that found for this subtype in developed countries. Our results supported the view that the spread of 3a reached the plateau 10 years prior to the screening of blood donors for HCV. Rather, 1a reached the plateau when screening program was implemented. The differences observed in the epidemic behavior of HCV-1a and 3a may be associated with different transmission routes of two subtypes. Indeed, expansion of 1a was more commonly linked to blood transfusion, while 3a was more strongly associated to drug use and specially IDU after 1960. Our findings also showed HCV transmission through blood products has effectively been controlled from late 1990s. In conclusion, the implementation of strategies such as standard surveillance programs and subsiding antiviral treatments seems to be essential to both prevent new HCV infections and to decline the current and future HCV disease among Iranian patients with inherited bleeding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Samimi-Rad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Ramin Rahimnia
- Department of Nano medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, TUMS, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sadeghi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Malekpour
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Marzban
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Keshvari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Moayed Alavian
- Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Baqiatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype among Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus Co-Infection in China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161844. [PMID: 27603929 PMCID: PMC5014309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become the most common cause of death in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. The distribution of HCV genotypes varies with geographical regions and time, and limited studies have focused on the HCV genotype in HIV/HCV co-infection. METHODS The distribution of HCV genotypes was evaluated in 414 patients with HIV/HCV co-infection in three regions (South, Central and Northwest) of China from 2008 to 2010. The NS5B region of HCV was characterized using nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Nucleotide sequences obtained were subjected to phylogenetic analysis, and genotypes were assigned using published reference genotypes. RESULTS Genotype 3 was the most prevalent HCV strain (36.2%), followed by genotype 6 (30.0%), genotype 1 (28.5%), genotype 2 (5.1%), and genotype 5 (0.2%). The distribution varied geographically. Genotype 6 (37.6%) was the predominant strain while genotype 1 (20.2%) was less common in the South compared to the Central and Northwest regions (all P < 0.001). The distribution also varied temporally. There was no significant difference in genotype distribution in Guangdong (a province in the South region), between patient cohorts from 2005-2008 and 2009-2010. However, outside Guangdong, genotypes 3 and 6a became significantly more prevalent (22.4% vs.42.2%, P< 0.001; 8.0% vs. 19.8%, P = 0.004), and genotype 1 less prevalent (54.4% vs.26.6%, P< 0.001) over time. CONCLUSION The most dramatic shift in genotypic distribution was the movement of HCV genotypes 3 and 6a outside of Guangdong in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. This movement appeared closely associated with transmission via injected drug use.
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Zhou K, Liang Z, Wang C, Hu F, Ning C, Lan Y, Tang X, Tucker JD, Cai W. Natural Polymorphisms Conferring Resistance to HCV Protease and Polymerase Inhibitors in Treatment-Naïve HIV/HCV Co-Infected Patients in China. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157438. [PMID: 27341031 PMCID: PMC4920402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of direct-acting agents (DAAs) has improved treatment of HCV in HIV co-infection, but may be limited by primary drug resistance. This study reports the prevalence of natural polymorphisms conferring resistance to NS3/4A protease inhibitors and NS5B polymerase inhibitors in treatment-naïve HIV/HCV co-infected individuals in China. METHODS Population based NS3/4A sequencing was completed for 778 treatment-naïve HIV/HCV co-infected patients from twelve provinces. NS3 sequences were amplified by nested PCR using in-house primers for genotypes 1-6. NS5B sequencing was completed for genotyping in 350 sequences. Resistance-associated variants (RAVs) were identified in positions associated with HCV resistance. RESULTS Overall, 72.8% (566/778) of all HCV sequences had at least one RAV associated with HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitor resistance. Variants were found in 3.6% (7/193) of genotype 1, 100% (23/23) of genotype 2, 100% (237/237) of genotype 3 and 92% (299/325) of genotype 6 sequences. The Q80K variant was present in 98.4% of genotype 6a sequences. High-level RAVs were rare, occurring in only 0.8% of patients. 93% (64/69) patients with genotype 1b also carried the C316N variant associated with NS5B low-level resistance. CONCLUSIONS The low frequency of high-level RAVs associated with primary HCV DAA resistance among all genotypes in HIV/HCV co-infected patients is encouraging. Further phenotypic studies and clinical research are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Zhou
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, 627 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S-357, San Francisco, California, 94143-0538 United States of America
| | - Zhiwei Liang
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, 627 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Charles Wang
- UNC-Project – China, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 130 Mason Farm Rd., 2nd Floor, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3368, United States of America
- Brown University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology 593 Eddy Street, APC 406, Providence, Rhode Island, 02903, United States of America
| | - Fengyu Hu
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, 627 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Chuanyi Ning
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, 627 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
- UNC-Project – China, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 130 Mason Farm Rd., 2nd Floor, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3368, United States of America
| | - Yun Lan
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, 627 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, 627 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, 627 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
- UNC-Project – China, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, 130 Mason Farm Rd., 2nd Floor, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3368, United States of America
| | - Weiping Cai
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, 627 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
- * E-mail:
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Sequencing Analysis of NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B Genes from Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes 5 and 6. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:1835-1841. [PMID: 27147726 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00238-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) with activity against multiple genotypes of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) were recently developed and approved for standard-of-care treatment. However, sequencing assays to support HCV genotype 5 and 6 analysis are not widely available. Here, we describe the development of a sequencing assay for the NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B genes from HCV genotype 5 and 6 patient isolates. Genotype- and subtype-specific primers were designed to target NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B for cDNA synthesis and nested PCR amplification. Amplification was successfully performed for a panel of 32 plasma samples from HCV-infected genotype 5 and 6 patients with sequencing data obtained for all attempted samples. LiPA 2.0 (Versant HCV genotype 2.0) is a reverse hybridization line probe assay that is commonly used for genotyping HCV-infected patients enrolled in clinical studies. Using NS3/4A, NS5A, and NS5B consensus sequences, HCV subtypes were determined that were not available for the initial LiPA 2.0 result for genotype 6 samples. Samples amplified here included the following HCV subtypes: 5a, 6a, 6e, 6f, 6j, 6i, 6l, 6n, 6o, and 6p. The sequencing data generated allowed for the determination of the presence of variants at amino acid positions previously characterized as associated with resistance to DAAs. The simple and robust sequencing assay for genotypes 5 and 6 presented here may lead to a better understanding of HCV genetic diversity and prevalence of resistance-associated variants.
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Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in volunteer blood donors from Chengdu, China. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1873-82. [PMID: 27101072 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant pathogen of global concern. The virus is usually spread through blood contact, such as transfusion, hemodialysis and injection of illegal drugs. HCV genotypes have a geographic distribution in different areas. In this paper, we focus on the distribution of HCV genotypes from volunteer blood donors in Chengdu. The prevalence of genotypes was analyzed using phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the HCV core and NS5B regions from 313 sequences. HCV sequences were classified into six subtypes, and HCV genotypes were determined with the following results: 1b in 283, 2a in 14, 3b in seven, 3a in three, 6a in five and 6u in one. Subtype 1b was the most common and accounted for approximately 90.41 % (283/313), and a virus of subtype 6u was isolated for the first time from the Chengdu area. Genotypes 4 and 5 were not detected.
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Response to Pegylated Interferon Plus Ribavirin in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 6a Infection from Guangdong and Guangxi Province of China. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:5397407. [PMID: 27034655 PMCID: PMC4789432 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5397407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. Our aim is to survey the treatment effect of PEG-IFN plus ribavirin in patients infected with HCV genotype 6a in Guangdong and Guangxi province of China and investigate best course of antiviral treatment for patients with HCV-6a infection. Methods. 515 eligible patients received subcutaneous 180 μg PEG-IFNα-2a or 1.5 μg/kg PEG-IFNα-2b once weekly plus oral ribavirin. Primary outcome was SVR by intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary outcome was RVR, cEVR, ETR, and relapse rate. Results. SVR in patients with HCV-6a infection treated for 48 weeks was comparable to that in patients with HCV-2/3 infection (80.9% versus 82.5%, p = 0.812) and higher than that in patients with HCV-1b infection (80.9% versus 67.2%, p = 0.014). ETR (98.9% versus 90.6%, p = 0.016), virological response at month 3 of end-of- treatment (88.8% versus 76.6%, p = 0.044), SVR (80.9% versus 65.6%, p = 0.032), and virological response at month 12 of end-of-treatment (76.4% versus 60.9%, p = 0.04) in patients with HCV-6a infection treated for 48 weeks were higher than those in patients with HCV-6a infection treated for 24 weeks. Conclusion. SVR in patients with HCV-6a treated for 48 weeks was comparable to that in patients with HCV-2/3 infection and higher than that in patients with HCV-1b infection; patients with HCV-6a infection treated for 48 weeks had a superior treatment response than patients treated for 24 weeks.
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Wang C, Shi CX, Rou K, Zhao Y, Cao X, Luo W, Liu E, Wu Z. Baseline HCV Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors among Drug Users in China's National Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147922. [PMID: 26906025 PMCID: PMC4764346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common viral infection among injecting drug users worldwide. We aimed to assess HCV antibody prevalence and associated risk factors among clients in the Chinese national methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program. METHODS Data from 296,209 clients who enrolled in the national MMT program between March 2004 and December 2012 were analyzed to assess HCV antibody prevalence, associated risk factors, and geographical distribution. RESULTS Anti-HCV screening was positive for 54.6% of clients upon MMT entry between 2004 and 2012. HCV antibody prevalence at entry declined from 66.8% in 2005 to 45.9% in 2012. The most significant predictors of HCV seropositivity were injecting drug use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 8.34, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.17-8.52, p<0.0001) and a history of drug use ≥9 years (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.96-2.06, p<0.0001). Being female, of Uyghur or Zhuang ethnicity, and unmarried were identified as demographic risk factors (all p-values<0.0001). Of the 28 provincial-level divisions included in the study, we found that 5 divisions had HCV antibody prevalence above 70% and 20 divisions above 50%. The HCV screening rate within 6 months after MMT entry greatly increased from 30.4% in 2004 to 93.1% in 2012. CONCLUSIONS The current HCV antibody prevalence remains alarmingly high among MMT clients throughout most provincial-level divisions in China, particularly among injecting drug users and females. A comprehensive prevention strategy is needed to control the HCV epidemic among MMT clients in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Wang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cynthia X. Shi
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Keming Rou
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Cao
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Luo
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Enwu Liu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zunyou Wu
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: ;
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Jiao Y, Zhang X, Wang C, Li L, Liu J, Bar KJ, Wei H, Hu Y, Huang P, Zeng Z, Jiang S, Du J, Shao Y, Metzger D, Li S, Ma L. Hepatitis C Virus Subtype and Evolution Characteristic Among Drug Users, Men Who Have Sex With Men, and the General Population in Beijing, China. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2688. [PMID: 26871798 PMCID: PMC4753893 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the current molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and evaluate the evolutionary patterns of HCV subtypes in Beijing, China, among different subpopulations.The whole blood samples and behavioral data were collected from a total of 10,354 subjects, including drug users (DUs), men who have sex with men (MSM), and the general population, in Beijing from 2010 to 2011. Samples were tested for HCV infection using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time PCR. All viremic subjects were then sequenced by nested PCR over core/E1 and NS5B regions. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis was performed by BEAST software.In total, 217 subjects (2.1%) were tested positive for HCV by antibody or vRNA-based testing. HCV prevalence rates for DUs, MSM, and the general population were 26.2%, 0.54%, and 0.37%, respectively. The 156 HCV RNA-positive samples were sequenced. Nine HCV genotypes, including 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, 3b, 6a, 6n, 6u and 6v, were detected. The most prevalent subtypes were 3b (36.09%), 1b (32.54%), and 3a (16.57%). Bayesian evolutionary analysis estimated that the time of introduction of subtype 1b into Beijing was 2004 (95% CI: 1997.7, 2007.7), with subtypes 3a and 3b being introduced later in 2006. Evolutionary analyses further suggested that subtype 1b from Beijing and Shanghai were closely related, whereas subtype 3a sequences were more similar with sequences from Yunnan, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Jiangsu. Subtype 3b sequences were closely related to those from Yunnan, Guangdong, and Hong Kong.Thus, the current HCV epidemic in Beijing is complex, heavily affecting DUs, and involving multiple genotypes that likely spread from different regions in China with its large migrant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) (YJ, YS, LM), Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China (YJ, XZ, CW, LL, JL, YH, PH, ZZ, SJ, SL); Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA (KJB, DM); Institute of Pathogen Biology and AIDS Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (HW); and National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China (JD)
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Zhou K, Hu F, Wang C, Xu M, Lan Y, Morano JP, Lemon SM, Tucker JD, Cai W. Genotypic distribution and hepatic fibrosis among HIV/HCV co-infected individuals in Southern China: a retrospective cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:401. [PMID: 26424404 PMCID: PMC4589973 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background End-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection are increasingly common causes of death among HIV-infected individuals. However, there are few clinical investigations of HIV/HCV co-infected individuals from low and middle-income nations. Here, we compare the epidemiology of HCV-infected and HIV/HCV co-infected individuals in Southern China and examine hepatic fibrosis scores in co-infected individuals. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of treatment-naïve HIV/HCV co-infected and HCV mono-infected subjects. Bivariate and multivariate models were used to examine the association between demographics and HCV genotype. Among co-infected individuals, we also studied the relationship between fibrosis scores derived from non-invasive studies and HCV genotype. Results Data were collected from 175 HCV-infected individuals, including 89 (51 %) HIV/HCV co-infected individuals. HIV/HCV co-infection was correlated with intravenous drug use (AOR 46.25, p < 0.001) and not completing high school (AOR 17.39, p < 0.001) in a multivariate model. HIV/HCV co-infected individuals were more likely to be infected with HCV genotype 6a (p < 0.0001) or 3a (p < 0.023), whereas increased fibrosis (FIB-4 score) was associated with HCV genotype 3a infection (β 2.18, p < 0.001). Discussion Our results suggest that intravenous drug use is driving HIV/HCV co-infection in Southern China. While additional studies are needed, HCV genotype 6a is more common and genotype 3a appears to be associated with more severe hepatic fibrosis in co-infected individuals. Conclusions Future HIV/HCV co-infection research in China should focus on at risk populations, HCV testing uptake, and genotype-specific treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1135-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali Zhou
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fengyu Hu
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Charles Wang
- UNC-Project - China, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology Providence, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island, USA.
| | - Min Xu
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yun Lan
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jamie P Morano
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, USF International, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Stanley M Lemon
- UNC-Project - China, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Joseph D Tucker
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China. .,UNC-Project - China, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Weiping Cai
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
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Lu L, An Y, Zou J, Gu L, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Li C, Kurihara C, Hokari R, Itakura J, Kurosaki M, Izumi N, Fu Y, Nakano T, Kato T, Negro F, Chen G. The evolutionary patterns of hepatitis C virus subtype 2a and 6a isolates linked to an outbreak in China in 2012. Virology 2015; 485:431-8. [PMID: 26343863 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED An HCV outbreak occurred in 2012 in China, affecting hundreds of patients. We characterized HCV subtype 2a and 6a sequences from 60 and 102 patients, respectively, and co-analyzed them with 82 local controls and 103 calibrating references. The close grouping of the patients׳ sequences contrasted sharply with the diversity of local controls. Scaled by the calibrating references, the emergence of patients׳ isolates was estimated at 2-5 years before sampling. In contrast, the controls intermingled with the calibrating references that were much older. For both subtypes, the major and minor clusters could be defined, with the closeness to indicate linked transmission. CONCLUSION HCV sequences from the study patients grouped into three subtype 2a and two subtype 6a clusters, in addition to three 6a solitary branches, representing descendants of eight earlier strains that were distinct and otherwise sporadic. Due to iatrogenic transmission through reusing needles, five strains were highly selected and preferentially spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lu
- Laboratory for Hepatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; The Center for Viral Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America.
| | - Yuling An
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji Zou
- Laboratory for Hepatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Laboratory for Hepatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixin Zhao
- Laboratory for Hepatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Laboratory for Hepatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhua Li
- The Center for Viral Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Chie Kurihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryota Hokari
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun Itakura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurosaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Namiki Izumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Musashino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yongshui Fu
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tatsunori Nakano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University, Nanakuri Sanatorium, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francesco Negro
- Divisions of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and of Clinical pathology, University, Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Guihua Chen
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Genotype Distribution and Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus in Hubei, Central China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137059. [PMID: 26325070 PMCID: PMC4556612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Central China. Methodology/Principal Findings A total of 570 patients from Hubei Province in central China were enrolled. These patients were tested positive for HCV antibody prior to blood transfusion. Among them, 177 were characterized by partial NS5B and/or Core-E1 sequences and classified into five subtypes: 1b, 83.0% (147/177); 2a, 13.0% (23/177); 3b, 2.3% (4/177); 6a, 1.1% (2/177); 3a, 0.6% (1/177). Analysis of genotype-associated risk factors revealed that paid blood donation and transfusion before 1997 were strongly associated with subtypes 1b and 2a, while some subtype 2a cases were also found in individuals with high risk sexual behaviors; subtypes 3b, 6a, and 3a were detected only in intravenous drug users. Phylogeographic analyses based on the coalescent datasets demonstrated that 1b, 2a, 3b, and 6a were locally epidemic in Hubei Province. Among them, subtype 1b Hubei strains may have served as the origins of this subtype in China, and 2a and 3b Hubei strains may have descended from the northwest and southwest of China, respectively, while 6a Hubei strains may have been imported from the central south and southwest. Conclusion/Significance The results suggest that the migration patterns of HCV in Hubei are complex and variable among different subtypes. Implementation of mandatory HCV screening before donation has significantly decreased the incidence of transfusion-associated HCV infection since 1997. More attention should be paid to intravenous drug use and unsafe sexual contact, which may have become new risk factors for HCV infection in Hubei Province.
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Nie B, Zhang G, Guo Y, Li Q, Liu J, Tu Z. Phylogenetic analysis of HCV subgenotypes in patients from Sichuan province in China based on the NS5B region. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1028-34. [PMID: 26311523 PMCID: PMC4564081 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes is of clinical importance as it may help to predict drug therapy responses and estimate treatment duration. The classical method of HCV subgenotype classification is whole genome sequencing (WGS). However, the high cost and time-consuming nature of WGS limits its usage in clinical practice. A number of studies have been conducted to confirm whether specific regions of HCV could replace WGS in the classification of HCV subgenotypes. In the present study, we used the HCV database to select HCV sequences from different countries. The neighbor-joining method was used to construct phylogenetic trees based on different regions of HCV (core, E1, E2 and NS5B), to confirm which region could replace WGS in subgenotype classification. Our results indicated that the core, E1 and E2 regions could not be used to classify the HCV subgenotype correctly (core failed to recognize subgenotypes c and a, E1 failed to discriminate between subgenotypes a and b, and E2 failed to identify subgenotypes a and c). The NS5B region provided the correct subgenotype classification. The HCV samples (n=153) collected from patients in Sichuan province, (Southwest China) were sequenced and classified based on the NS5B region. The results indicated that the major subgenotype of HCV in patients from Sichuan was 1b (51.6%, n=79); other subgenotypes included 3b (30.1%, n=46), 3a (7.8%, n=12), 6a (8.5%, n=13), 2a (n=2) and 6n (n=1). The data from our analysis may prove to be helpful in future epidemiological investigations of HCV, and may aid in the prevention and clinical treatment of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Nie
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Guangjiong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yongcan Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguang Tu
- The Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Ju W, Yang S, Feng S, Wang Q, Liu S, Xing H, Xie W, Zhu L, Cheng J. Hepatitis C virus genotype and subtype distribution in Chinese chronic hepatitis C patients: nationwide spread of HCV genotypes 3 and 6. Virol J 2015. [PMID: 26206422 PMCID: PMC4513753 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and subtype are related to disease progression and response to antiviral therapy. Current HCV genotype and subtype distribution data, especially for genotypes 3 and 6, are limited in China. Our purpose was to investigate the current HCV genotype and subtype distributions in chronic hepatitis C patients in China. Methods Chronic hepatitis C patients (n = 1012) were enrolled, and demographic information and possible transmission risk factors were collected. Serum samples were subjected to reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, followed by direct DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the NS5B and core/E1 regions to determine HCV genotypes/subtypes. The geographical distributions of HCV genotypes/subtypes were analyzed. Demographic information and transmission risk factors were compared between different HCV genotypes/subtypes. Results Four genotypes and seven subtypes of HCV were detected in 970 patients. Subtypes 1b, 2a, 3a, 6a, 3b, 6n, and 1a were detected at frequencies of 71.96 %, 19.90 %, 3.20 %, 2.16 %, 1.96 %, 0.41 %, and 0.41 %, respectively. Genotypes 3 and 6 showed an increasingly wide geographic distribution over time. Patients with subtypes 1b and 2a were older than those with 3a, 3b, 6a, and 6n subtypes (p < 0.05 in all subtypes). More genotype 1 and 2 patients underwent blood transfusion than those with genotype 3 (all p < 0.05). More genotype 3 and 6 patients had a history of intravenous drug use than those with genotypes 1 and 2 (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Though subtypes 1b and 2a are still the most prevalent HCV subtypes in China, genotype 3 and 6 HCV infections have already spread nationwide from southern and western China. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-015-0341-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ju
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Song Yang
- Center of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Shenghu Feng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Center of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Shunai Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Huichun Xing
- Center of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Wen Xie
- Center of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Liying Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 37 Yiyuan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Jun Cheng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 East Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
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Ho SH, Ng KP, Kaur H, Goh KL. Genotype 3 is the predominant hepatitis C genotype in a multi-ethnic Asian population in Malaysia. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2015; 14:281-6. [PMID: 26063029 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(15)60363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) are distributed differently across the world. There is a paucity of such data in a multi-ethnic Asian population like Malaysia. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of HCV genotypes between major ethnic groups and to ascertain their association with basic demographic variables like age and gender. METHODS This was a cross-sectional prospective study conducted from September 2007 to September 2013. Consecutive patients who were detected to have anti-HCV antibodies in the University of Malaya Medical Centre were included and tested for the presence of HCV RNA using Roche Cobas Amplicor Analyzer and HCV genotype using Roche single Linear Array HCV Genotyping strip. RESULTS Five hundred and ninety-six subjects were found to have positive anti-HCV antibodies during this period of time. However, only 396 (66.4%) were HCV RNA positive and included in the final analysis. Our results showed that HCV genotype 3 was the predominant genotype with overall frequency of 61.9% followed by genotypes 1 (35.9%), 2 (1.8%) and 6 (0.5%). There was a slightly higher prevalence of HCV genotype 3 among the Malays when compared to the Chinese (P=0.043). No other statistical significant differences were observed in the distribution of HCV genotypes among the major ethnic groups. There was also no association between the predominant genotypes and basic demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS In a multi-ethnic Asian society in Malaysia, genotype 3 is the predominant genotype among all the major ethnic groups with genotype 1 as the second commonest genotype. Both genotypes 2 and 6 are uncommon. Neither genotype 4 nor 5 was detected. There is no identification of HCV genotype according to ethnic origin, age and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiaw-Hooi Ho
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Yin W, Huang C, Qiu F, Liu L, Wang F, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Bi S. Risk factors of hepatitis C virus transmission and genotype distribution in former blood donors from Chinese rural area. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:184. [PMID: 25884321 PMCID: PMC4355568 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Illegal commercial plasma and blood donation activities in the late 1980s and early 1990s caused a large number of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in rural areas of China. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the risk factors of HCV RNA positivity and HCV genotype distribution in former blood donors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out in a former blood donation village in rural Hebei Province, North China. All residents were invited for a questionnaire interview and testing for HCV antibodies as well as HCV nucleic acids. Questionnaires were administered to collect information about their personal status and commercial blood donation history. Nested PCR was used to amplify HCV nucleic acids in C/E1 region and NS5b region followed by genotyping and phylogenetic analysis. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the distributions of HCV genotypes in different groups. Results A total of 512 blood samples were collected. Anti-HCV positive were 148 (28.5%) whereas RNA positive rate was 13.87%. Residents between 50 and 59 years old had the highest RNA positive rate (27/109, 24.77%) (P = 0.0051). Multivariate logistic regression model analysis revealed that plasma donation (OR = 8.666, 95% CI: 1.390-54.025) was the dominant risk factor of HCV infection. Furthermore, HCV subtypes 1b and 2a were found by genotyping and phylogenetic analysis. 36 samples (53.73%) were subtype 1b and 31 samples (46.27%) were subtype 2a. Conclusions Unsafe practices during illegal plasma donation led to a high risk of HCV infection. The identification of genotypes 1b and 2a as major HCV genotypes circulating in this region may help to predict the future burden of HCV related diseases and facilitate better medical treatment towards HCV carriers. These results are useful for public healthcare as well as disease control and surveillance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1535-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Yin
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Changhong Huang
- Kaifeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kaifeng, Henan Province, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Jikun Zhou
- Shijiazhuang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. .,Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Shengli Bi
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China. .,Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping District, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
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Dong Y, Qiu C, Xia X, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhang X, Xu J. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among HIV-1-infected injection drug users in Dali, China: prevalence and infection status in a cross-sectional study. Arch Virol 2015; 160:929-36. [PMID: 25616842 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and to investigate their mutual influences on infection status among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive injection drug users (IDUs). A cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV infected IDUs in Dali, China. The participants were tested for serological markers of HBV and HCV infection, alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and CD4(+) T cell count. HCV genotype was determined by sequencing. Of 529 patients, 498 (94.1 %) HIV infected IDUs agreed to participate. The overall prevalence of HCV infection (anti-HCV antibody positive) and spontaneous HCV clearance were 90.8 % (452/498) and 21.5 % (97/452), respectively. Of 411 subjects who had not received HBV vaccine, 296 (72.0 %) were positive for antibody against HBV core antigen (HBcAb), while 274 (66.7 %) were positive for both HCV antibody and HBcAb. HBV antigens were detected in 52 of the HBV-infected subjects (17.6 %). HCV clearance was associated with HBV antigenemia (p = 0.0002) and higher CD4(+) T cell count (p = 0.0294). Resolved HBV infection was associated with HCV genotype 3 (p = 0.0365). HBV and HCV infection are highly prevalent and mutually influence infection status in HIV-1 infected IDUs in Dali, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Dong
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Health at Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Research Bldg, Rm 308, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508, China
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Spatial analysis on hepatitis C virus infection in mainland China: from 2005 to 2011. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110861. [PMID: 25356554 PMCID: PMC4214689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become more and more considerable in China. A macroscopic spatial analysis of HCV infection that can provide scientific information for further intervention and disease control is lacking. Methods All geo-referenced HCV cases that had been recorded by the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP) during 2005–2011 were included in the study. In order to learn about the changes of demographic characteristics and geographic distribution, trend test and spatial analysis were conducted to reflect the changing pattern of HCV infection. Results Over 770,000 identified HCV infection cases had specific geographic information during the study period (2005–2011). Ratios of gender (Male/Female, Z-value = −18.53, P<0.001), age group (≤30 years old/≥31 years old, Z-value = −51.03, P<0.001) and diagnosis type (Clinical diagnosis/Laboratory diagnosis, Z-value = −130.47, P<0.001) declined. HCV infection was not distributed randomly. Provinces Henan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Xinjiang, and Jilin reported more than 40,000 HCV infections during 2005 to 2011, accounting for 43.91% of all cases. The strength of cluster of disease was increasing in China during the study period. Overall, 11 provinces had once been detected as hotspots during 7 years, most of which were located in the central or border parts of China. Tibet, Qinghai, Jiangxi were the regions that had coldspots. Conclusions The number of clustering of HCV infection among older adults increased in recent years. Specific interventions and prevention programs targeting at main HCV epidemic areas are urgently in need in mainland China.
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Esmaeilzadeh A, Erfanmanesh M, Ghasemi S, Mohammadi F. Serological assay and genotyping of hepatitis C virus in infected patients in zanjan province. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e17323. [PMID: 25368655 PMCID: PMC4214121 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.17323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), a public health problem, is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus and a member of the Hepacivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. Liver cancer, cirrhosis, and end-stage liver are the outcomes of chronic infection with HCV. HCV isolates show significant heterogeneity in genetics around the world. Therefore, determining HCV genotypes is a vital step in determining prognosis and planning therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVES As distribution of HCV genotypes is different in various geographical regions and HCV genotyping of patients has not been investigated in Zanjan City, this study was designed for the first time, to determine HCV genotypes in the region and to promote the impact of the treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum samples of 136 patients were collected and analyzed for anti-HCV antibodies using ELISA (The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method. Then, positive samples were exposed to RT-PCR, which was performed under standard condition. Afterwards, they investigated for genotyping using allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR), and HCV genotype 2.0 line probe assay (LiPA). RESULTS Samples indicated 216 bp bands on 2% agarose gel. Analyses of the results demonstrated that the most dominant subtype was 3a with frequency of 38.26% in Zanjan Province followed by subtypes of 1b, 1a, 2, and 4 with frequencies of 25.73%, 22.05%, 5.14%, and 4.41%, respectively. The frequency of unknown HCV genotypes was 4.41%. CONCLUSIONS According to the results, it was found that HCV high prevalent genotype in Zanjan is subtype 3a. Analysis of the results provides identification of certain HCV genotypes, and these valuable findings could affect the type and duration of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunolory, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IR Iran
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh, Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Mahdavi Blvd., Zanjan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2433440301, Fax: +98-2433449553, E-mail:
| | - Maryam Erfanmanesh
- Young Researchers Club, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, IR Iran
| | - Sousan Ghasemi
- Medical Laboratory, Shaheed Beheshti General Hospital, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IR Iran
| | - Farzaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Immunolory, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IR Iran
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Li C, Yuan M, Lu L, Lu T, Xia W, Pham VH, Vo AXD, Nguyen MH, Abe K. The genetic diversity and evolutionary history of hepatitis C virus in Vietnam. Virology 2014; 468-470:197-206. [PMID: 25193655 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vietnam has a unique history in association with foreign countries, which may have resulted in multiple introductions of the alien HCV strains to mix with those indigenous ones. In this study, we characterized the HCV sequences in Core-E1 and NS5B regions from 236 Vietnamese individuals. We identified multiple HCV lineages; 6a, 6 e, 6h, 6k, 6l, 6 o, 6p, and two novel variants may represent the indigenous strains; 1a was probably introduced from the US; 1b and 2a possibly originated in East Asia; while 2i, 2j, and 2m were likely brought by French explorers. We inferred the evolutionary history for four major subtypes: 1a, 1b, 6a, and 6 e. The obtained Bayesian Skyline Plots (BSPs) consistently showed the rapid HCV population growth from 1955 to 1963 until 1984 or after, corresponding to the era of the Vietnam War. We also estimated HCV growth rates and reconstructed phylogeographic trees for comparing subtypes 1a, 1b, and HCV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Li
- Department of pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Viral Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Manqiong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Viral Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America.
| | - Teng Lu
- Department of pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Viral Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Guangzhou Blood Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Van H Pham
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Molecular Diagnostic Section, The NK-BIOTEK Laboratory, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - An X D Vo
- Molecular Diagnostic Section, The NK-BIOTEK Laboratory, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Kenji Abe
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Molecular Diagnostic Section, The NK-BIOTEK Laboratory, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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Increased prevalence of hepatitis C virus subtype 6a in China: a comparison between 2004-2007 and 2008-2011. Arch Virol 2014; 159:3231-7. [PMID: 25085624 PMCID: PMC4221604 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Different hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes exhibit differences in disease pathogenesis and progression, as well as disease outcomes and response to therapy. Tracking the change of HCV genotypes in various epidemiological settings is critical for both disease surveillance and the development of improved antiviral treatment. Here, we tracked the changes in the prevalence of the HCV genotypes in China between 2004-2007 and 2008-2011. HCV-RNA-positive sera were collected from volunteer blood donors during the period 2008-2011. The genotypes were determined by phylogenic analysis using the NS5B and E1 sequences. Geographical and demographic distribution patterns related to the HCV genotypes obtained in 2008-2011 were compared with our previous study, which recorded data in the period 2004-2007. Pearson chi-square test and t-test were used to statistically analyze the results. In 2008-2011, HCV subtypes 1b and 6a were detected in 43.8 % (184/420) and 34.3 % (144/420), respectively. The male/female ratio was found to be higher for HCV genotype 6 than for genotypes 1 and 2. When compared with the period of 2004-2007, although no significant difference was found in gender or age for genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 6, the subtype 6a frequency was significantly increased from 11 % to 26.5 % in the blood donors from outside of Guangdong Province in 2008-2011. A pattern of increase in HCV subtype 6a was found in blood donors outside of Guangdong Province, indicating that HCV subtype 6a has rapidly spread from Guangdong to other regions of China over the past 10 years.
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Replication priority of hepatitis C virus genotype 2a in a Chinese cohort. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:266-9. [PMID: 26579394 PMCID: PMC4629081 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HCV genotypes have been documented in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to determine the replication priority of different HCV genotypes in a Chinese HCV positive cohort. Serum samples from 491 apparently healthy Chinese blood donors testing positive for HCV antibodies and naive to antiviral drug therapy were tested. Genotyping analysis showed that genotypes 1b and 2a were predominant and accounted for 77.6% of the HCV infections. Among the genotype groups, individuals infected with genotype 2a had an HCV RNA viral load (108 copies/mL) about 200-fold (lg, 2.3) greater than those infected with other genotypes (104–105 copies/mL) indicating a replication priority of genotype 2a. However, there was no correlation between HCV genotype and antibody response suggesting that the amplification advantage of genotype 2a results from a favorable interaction with the host cellular environment. In conclusion, HCV genotypes 1b and 2a are the predominant genotypes in China and genotype 2a possesses a significant replication priority compared with the other genotypes. This suggests the existence of host cellular factors that may act as drug-targets for entirely clearing HCV infection in the future.
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Back to the origin of HCV 2c subtype and spreading to the Calabria region (Southern Italy) over the last two centuries: a phylogenetic study. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 26:352-8. [PMID: 24973737 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Circulation of HCV genotype 2 has been described in European Countries where numerous subtypes and unclassified HCV 2 lineages have been reported. In Italy, subtype 1b is the most prevalent, followed by genotype 2. In the present study, phylogeny of HCV 2c was investigated. The phylogeny of HCV 2c isolated from 54 Italian patients in the Calabria region (Southern Italy) was investigated by analyzing a fragment of the NS5B gene. Patients came from 5 metropolitan areas and a small village (Sersale). These areas were geographically dispersed throughout the entire region. A Bayesian coalescent-based framework was used to estimate origin and spreading of HCV 2c in this region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 28 Italian sequences were intermixed with foreign HCV 2c reference sequences and grouped into 3 major clades: A, B, and C. Nineteen inter-clade sequences were associated uniquely with surgery as risk factor for HCV acquisition. By contrast, a sub-cluster within clade B was associated with blood transfusion. Moreover, sequences from Sersale village grouped in the Italian sub-cluster and were intermixed with 10 sequences from metropolitan areas. The three isolates with the longest branch came from Sersale and belonged to patients who had glass syringes as risk factor. HCV 2c isolates from the Calabria region shared a common ancestor whose origin was traced back to 1889. Our results suggest that, after its introduction - possibly as a result of population movements between Italy and African Countries during Italian colonialism - HCV 2c spread through multiple risk factors, not including intravenous drug use. So, transmission chains followed a pathway different from other European Countries. Although HCV incidence is decreasing, these ways are still ongoing, possibly justifying stability in the relative prevalence of HCV 2c.
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