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Liu L, Islam MZ, Liu X, Gupta M, Rozmus W, Mandal M, Tsui YY. Multi-wavelength multi-direction laser light scattering for cell characterization using machine learning-based methods. Cytometry A 2023; 103:796-806. [PMID: 37309309 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell identification and analysis play a crucial role in many biology- and health-related applications. The internal and surface structures of a cell are complex and many of the features are sub-micron in scale. Well-resolved images of these features cannot be obtained using optical microscopy. Previous studies have reported that the single-cell angular laser-light scattering patterns (ALSP) can be used for label-free cell identification and analysis. The ALSP can be affected by cell properties and the wavelength of the probing laser. Two cell properties, cell surface roughness and the number of mitochondria, are investigated in this study. The effects of probing laser wavelengths (blue, green, and red) and the directions of scattered light collection (forward, side, and backward) are studied to determine the optimum conditions for distinguishing the two cell properties. Machine learning (ML) analysis has been applied to ALSP obtained from numerical simulations. The results of ML analysis show that the backward scattering is the best direction for characterizing the surface roughness, while the forward scattering is the best direction for differentiating the number of mitochondria. The laser light having red or green wavelength is found to perform better than that having the blue wavelength in differentiating the surface roughness and the number of mitochondria. This study provides important insights into the effects of probing laser wavelength on gaining information about cells from their ALSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Md Zahurul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Manisha Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wojciech Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mrinal Mandal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ying Yin Tsui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Mastromarino M, Favia M, Schepetkin IA, Kirpotina LN, Trojan E, Niso M, Carrieri A, Leśkiewicz M, Regulska M, Darida M, Rossignolo F, Fontana S, Quinn MT, Basta-Kaim A, Leopoldo M, Lacivita E. Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Computational Studies of Novel Ureidopropanamides as Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (FPR2) Agonists to Target the Resolution of Inflammation in Central Nervous System Disorders. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5004-5028. [PMID: 35257581 PMCID: PMC9942528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) agonists can boost the resolution of inflammation and can offer alternative approaches for the treatment of pathologies with underlying chronic neuroinflammation, including neurodegenerative disorders. Starting from the FPR2 agonist 2 previously identified in our laboratory and through fine-tuning of FPR2 potency and metabolic stability, we have identified a new series of ureidopropanamide derivatives endowed with a balanced combination of such properties. Computational studies provided insights into the key interactions of the new compounds for FPR2 activation. In mouse microglial N9 cells and in rat primary microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, selected compounds inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, counterbalanced the changes in mitochondrial function, and inhibited caspase-3 activity. Among the new agonists, (S)-11l stands out also for the ability to permeate the blood-brain barrier and to accumulate in the mouse brain in vivo, thus representing a valuable pharmacological tool for studies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Mastromarino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Favia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Lylia N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smȩtna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mauro Niso
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Carrieri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Monika Leśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smȩtna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Regulska
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smȩtna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | - Stefano Fontana
- Aptuit Srl, an Evotec Company, Via A. Fleming, 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smȩtna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Tylek K, Trojan E, Leśkiewicz M, Regulska M, Bryniarska N, Curzytek K, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Basta-Kaim A. Time-Dependent Protective and Pro-Resolving Effects of FPR2 Agonists on Lipopolysaccharide-Exposed Microglia Cells Involve Inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs Pathways. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092373. [PMID: 34572022 PMCID: PMC8472089 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged or excessive microglial activation may lead to disturbances in the resolution of inflammation (RoI). The importance of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) in RoI has been highlighted. Among them, lipoxins (LXA4) and aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 (AT-LXA4) mediate beneficial responses through the activation of N-formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR2). We aimed to shed more light on the time-dependent protective and anti-inflammatory impact of the endogenous SPMs, LXA4, and AT-LXA4, and of a new synthetic FPR2 agonist MR-39, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed rat microglial cells. Our results showed that LXA4, AT-LXA4, and MR-39 exhibit a protective and pro-resolving potential in LPS-stimulated microglia, even if marked differences were apparent regarding the time dependency and efficacy of inhibiting particular biomarkers. The LXA4 action was found mainly after 3 h of LPS stimulation, and the AT-LXA4 effect was varied in time, while MR-39′s effect was mainly observed after 24 h of stimulation by endotoxin. MR-39 was the only FPR2 ligand that attenuated LPS-evoked changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential and diminished the ROS and NO release. Moreover, the LPS-induced alterations in the microglial phenotype were modulated by LXA4, AT-LXA4, and MR-39. The anti-inflammatory effect of MR-39 on the IL-1β release was mediated through FPR2. All tested ligands inhibited TNF-α production, while AT-LXA4 and MR-39 also diminished IL-6 levels in LPS-stimulated microglia. The favorable action of LXA4 and MR-39 was mediated through the inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. AT-LXA4 and MR39 diminished the phosphorylation of the transcription factor NF-κB, while AT-LXA4 also affected p38 kinase phosphorylation. Our results suggest that new pro-resolving synthetic mediators can represent an attractive treatment option for the enhancement of RoI, and that FPR2 can provide a perspective as a target in immune-related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Tylek
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (K.T.); (E.T.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (N.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (K.T.); (E.T.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (N.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Monika Leśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (K.T.); (E.T.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (N.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Magdalena Regulska
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (K.T.); (E.T.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (N.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Natalia Bryniarska
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (K.T.); (E.T.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (N.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Curzytek
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (K.T.); (E.T.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (N.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (E.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Department of Pharmacy—Drug Sciences, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (E.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (K.T.); (E.T.); (M.L.); (M.R.); (N.B.); (K.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-662-32-73
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Yu Wan W, Liu L, Liu X, Wang W, Zahurul Islam M, Dong C, Garen CR, Woodside MT, Gupta M, Mandal M, Rozmus W, Yin Tsui Y. Integration of light scattering with machine learning for label free cell detection. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3512-3529. [PMID: 34221676 PMCID: PMC8221935 DOI: 10.1364/boe.424357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering has been used for label-free cell detection. The angular light scattering patterns from the cells are unique to them based on the cell size, nucleus size, number of mitochondria, and cell surface roughness. The patterns collected from the cells can then be classified based on different image characteristics. We have also developed a machine learning (ML) method to classify these cell light scattering patterns. As a case study we have used this light scattering technique integrated with the machine learning to analyze staurosporine-treated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and compare them to non-treated control cells. Experimental results show that the ML technique can provide a classification accuracy (treated versus non-treated) of over 90%. The predicted percentage of the treated cells in a mixed solution is within 5% of the reference (ground-truth) value and the technique has the potential to be a viable method for real-time detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Yu Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Authors with equal contribution
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Authors with equal contribution
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Md. Zahurul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Chunhua Dong
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Craig R. Garen
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Manisha Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mrinal Mandal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wojciech Rozmus
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ying Yin Tsui
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Ali I, Yang M, Wang Y, Yang C, Shafiq M, Wang G, Li L. Sodium propionate protect the blood-milk barrier integrity, relieve lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury and cells apoptosis. Life Sci 2021; 270:119138. [PMID: 33524422 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium propionate (SP) has been reported to possess an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potential by inhibiting certain signaling pathways and helps in reducing the pathological damages of the mammary gland. However, the effects of sodium propionate on attenuating Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory condition and cell damage in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) are not comprehensively studied yet. Therefore, the aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the protective effects of sodium propionate on LPS-induced inflammatory conditions and to clarify the possible underlying molecular mechanism in bMECs. MAIN METHODS The effects of increasing doses of SP on LPS-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis was studied in vitro. Furthermore, the underlying protective mechanisms of SP on LPS-stimulated bMECs was investigated under different experimental conditions. KEY FINDINGS The results reveled that increased inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and those of tight junction's mRNA expression was significantly attenuated dose-dependently by propionate. Biochemical analysis revealed that propionate pretreatment modulated the LPS-induced intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, oxidative and antioxidant factors and apoptosis rate. Furthermore, we investigated that the LPS activated nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), caspase/Bax apoptotic pathways and Histone deacetylases (HDAC) was significantly attenuated by propionate in bMECs. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that sodium propionate is a potent agent for ameliorating LPS-mediated cellular disruption and limiting detrimental inflammatory responses, partly via maintaining blood milk barrier integrity, inhibiting HDAC activity and NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ali
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Caixia Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Genlin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Dehydroepiandrosterone Prevents H 2O 2-Induced BRL-3A Cell Oxidative Damage through Activation of PI3K/Akt Pathways rather than MAPK Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2985956. [PMID: 31182991 PMCID: PMC6512062 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2985956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a popular dietary supplement that has well-known benefits in animals and humans, but there is not enough information about the mechanisms underlying its effects. The present study aimed at investigating these mechanisms through in vitro experiments on the effects of DHEA on rat liver BRL-3A cells exposed to oxidative stress through H2O2. The findings showed that DHEA increased the antioxidant enzyme activity, decreased ROS generation, and inhibited apoptosis in H2O2-treated cells. These effects of DHEA were not observed when the cells were pretreated with known antagonists of sex hormones (Trilostane, Flutamide, or Fulvestrant). Furthermore, treatment with estradiol and testosterone did not have the same protective effects as DHEA. Thus, the beneficial effects of DHEA were associated with mechanisms that were independent of steroid hormone pathways. With regard to the mechanism underlying the antiapoptotic effect of DHEA, pretreatment with DHEA was found to induce a significant decrease in the protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 and a significant increase in the protein expression of PI3K and p-Akt in H2O2-treated BRL-3A cells. These effects of DHEA were abolished when the cells were pretreated with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. No changes were observed on the p-ERK1/2, p-p38, and p-JNK protein levels in H2O2-induced BRL-3A cells pretreated with DHEA. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that DHEA protects BRL-3A cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through mechanisms that do not involve its biotransformation into steroid hormones or the activation of sex hormone receptors. Importantly, the protective effect of DHEA on BRL-3A cells was mainly associated with PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, rather than MAPK signaling pathways.
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Li L, Wang HH, Nie XT, Jiang WR, Zhang YS. Sodium butyrate ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced cow mammary epithelial cells from oxidative stress damage and apoptosis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2370-2381. [PMID: 30259565 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular mechanism by which sodium butyrate (NaB) causes oxidative stress damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cow mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T). We found that NaB significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity and decreased the reactive oxygen species production in LPS-induced MAC-T cells. NaB attenuated protein damage and reduced apoptosis in LPS-induced MAC-T cells. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax decreased, while the Bcl-2 mRNA level increased in LPS-induced MAC-T cells treated with NaB. Our results showed that NaB treatment increased the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phospho-AKT (P-AKT) protein levels, whereas it decreased the Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 protein levels in LPS-induced MAC-T cells. However, the increase in PI3K and P-AKT protein levels and the decrease in Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 protein levels induced by NaB treatment were reversed when the cells were pretreated with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). These results indicate that NaB ameliorates LPS-induced oxidative damage by increasing antioxidative enzyme activities and ameliorating protein damage in MAC-T cells. In addition, NaB decreased apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3, caspase-9, and Bax protein levels, and this action was mainly achieved via activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in LPS-induced MAC-T cells. These results provide substantial information for NaB as a chemical supplement to treat oxidative stress and its related diseases in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan-Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Tian Nie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wan-Ru Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
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Wellman SM, Cambi F, Kozai TD. The role of oligodendrocytes and their progenitors on neural interface technology: A novel perspective on tissue regeneration and repair. Biomaterials 2018; 183:200-217. [PMID: 30172245 PMCID: PMC6469877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes and their precursors are critical glial facilitators of neurophysiology, which is responsible for cognition and behavior. Devices that are used to interface with the brain allow for a more in-depth analysis of how neurons and these glia synergistically modulate brain activity. As projected by the BRAIN Initiative, technologies that acquire a high resolution and robust sampling of neural signals can provide a greater insight in both the healthy and diseased brain and support novel discoveries previously unobtainable with the current state of the art. However, a complex series of inflammatory events triggered during device insertion impede the potential applications of implanted biosensors. Characterizing the biological mechanisms responsible for the degradation of intracortical device performance will guide novel biomaterial and tissue regenerative approaches to rehabilitate the brain following injury. Glial subtypes which assist with neuronal survival and exchange of electrical signals, mainly oligodendrocytes, their precursors, and the insulating myelin membranes they produce, are sensitive to inflammation commonly induced from insults to the brain. This review explores essential physiological roles facilitated by oligodendroglia and their precursors and provides insight into their pathology following neurodegenerative injury and disease. From this knowledge, inferences can be made about the impact of device implantation on these supportive glia in order to engineer effective strategies that can attenuate their responses, enhance the efficacy of neural interfacing technology, and provide a greater understanding of the challenges that impede wound healing and tissue regeneration during pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Wellman
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Franca Cambi
- Veterans Administration Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Takashi Dy Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA; NeuroTech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, USA.
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Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome-Related Pathways via Tianeptine Treatment-Suppressed Microglia Polarization to the M1 Phenotype in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071965. [PMID: 29976873 PMCID: PMC6073715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence postulates that microglia are the main mediators of inflammation-related disorders, including depression. Since activated microglia produce a wide range of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, the modulation of M1/M2 microglial polarization by antidepressants may be crucial in the treatment of depression. The current paper aimed to investigate the impact of tianeptine on the microglia’s viability/death parameters, and on M1/M2 microglial activation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms via which tianeptine affected the LPS-evoked changes were investigated. The results revealed that tianeptine had partially protective effects on the changes in microglia viability/death evoked by LPS. Tianeptine attenuated microglia activation by decreasing the expression of cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) markers, as well as the release of pro-inflammatory factors: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and chemokine CC motif ligand 2 (CCL2), and the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. In contrast, we did not observe an impact of tianeptine on M2 microglia measured by IL-4, IL-10, TGF-β, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) expression. Moreover, we demonstrated an inhibitory effect of tianeptine on the LPS-induced activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like (NOD-like) receptor pyrin-containing 3 inflammasome (NLRP3) inflammasome subunits, NLRP3 and caspase-1, as well as the ability of tianeptine to reduce Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels, as well as the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Collectively, we demonstrated that tianeptine has protective properties and inhibits M1 polarization, thus attenuating the production of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, we found that M1 microglia suppression may be related to the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR4 signaling. These findings suggest that a better understanding of the multifaceted mechanisms of tianeptine action on microglia may increase the effectiveness of therapy, where inflammation is a central hallmark.
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Neuroprotective Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Through Inhibiting Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 from Bradykinin-Challenged Astroglia. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:736-747. [PMID: 29796990 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), one of the most important neuroactive steroids, is produced in the adrenals and the brain. DHEAS is believed to play a critical role in modulating different forms of cellular control, including processes associated with human neural systems. Its production rate and level in serum, adrenals, and brain gradually decrease with advancing age. The decline of DHEAS level was associated with age-related neuronal dysfunction and degeneration, most probably because the steroids protect the central nervous system (CNS) neurons against neurotoxic challenges. Moreover, increasing studies show that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-9 especially, are upregulated by proinflammatory mediators in the CNS disorders. The increased MMP-9 as an inflammatory biomarker of several CNS disorders that may participate in the CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration. Herein, we investigate the effects of DHEAS on brain inflammation by the model we have defined of bradykinin (BK)-induced MMP-9 expression in rat brain astrocyte (RBA) and its mechanism. The results showed that DHEAS significantly reduce MMP-9 induced by BK. Pretreatment with DHEAS can inhibit BK-stimulated phosphorylation of c-Src and PYK2. Moreover, DHEAS attenuated BK-stimulated NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suggesting that DHEAS has an antioxidative effect. We further demonstrated that DHEAS blocked activation of ERK1/2, Akt, and c-Fos/AP-1 by BK. Finally, DHEAS decreased MMP-9-related events including RBA migration and neuronal apoptosis. The results will provide new insights into the anti-inflammatory action of DHEAS, supporting that DHEAS may have a neuroprotective effect in the improvement of the CNS disorders by reducing neuroinflammation.
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Li L, Zhao J, Ge C, Yu L, Ma H. Dehydroepiandrosterone rehabilitate BRL‐3A cells oxidative stress damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. J Cell Physiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Li
- College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and BiochemistryMinistry of AgricultureNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and BiochemistryMinistry of AgricultureNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Chongyang Ge
- College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and BiochemistryMinistry of AgricultureNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and BiochemistryMinistry of AgricultureNanjingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Haitian Ma
- College of Veterinary MedicineNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingPeople's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and BiochemistryMinistry of AgricultureNanjingPeople's Republic of China
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12
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Arbo BD, Ribeiro FS, Ribeiro MF. Astrocyte Neuroprotection and Dehydroepiandrosterone. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 108:175-203. [PMID: 30029726 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester (DHEAS) are the most abundant steroid hormones in the systemic circulation of humans. Due to their abundance and reduced production during aging, these hormones have been suggested to play a role in many aspects of health and have been used as drugs for a multiple range of therapeutic actions, including hormonal replacement and the improvement of aging-related diseases. In addition, several studies have shown that DHEA and DHEAS are neuroprotective under different experimental conditions, including models of ischemia, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, glutamate excitotoxicity, and neurodegenerative diseases. Since astrocytes are responsible for the maintenance of neural tissue homeostasis and the control of neuronal energy supply, changes in astrocytic function have been associated with neuronal damage and the progression of different pathologies. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to discuss the neuroprotective effects of DHEA against different types of brain and spinal cord injuries and how the modulation of astrocytic function by DHEA could represent an interesting therapeutic approach for the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D Arbo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Felipe S Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Interação Neuro-Humoral, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria F Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Interação Neuro-Humoral, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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13
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Slusarczyk J, Trojan E, Glombik K, Piotrowska A, Budziszewska B, Kubera M, Popiolek-Barczyk K, Lason W, Mika J, Basta-Kaim A. Anti-inflammatory properties of tianeptine on lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in microglial cells involve toll-like receptor-related pathways. J Neurochem 2016; 136:958-70. [PMID: 26640965 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that activation of microglia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of depression. Activated microglia produce a wide range of factors whose prolonged or excessive release may lead to brain disorders. Thus, the inhibition of microglial cells may be beneficial in the treatment of depressive diseases. Tianeptine is an atypical antidepressant drug with proven clinical efficacy, but its mechanism of action remains still not fully understood. In the present study, using microglial cultures we investigated whether tianeptine modifies microglial activation after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and which intracellular pathways are involved in the activity of this antidepressant. Our study shows that tianeptine attenuated the LPS-evoked inflammatory activation of microglia by decreasing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), the release of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Analyses of signaling pathways demonstrate that tianeptine led to the suppression of LPS-induced TLR4 expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Furthermore, our study reveals the inhibitory impact of tianeptine on caspase-3-induced PKCδ degradation and consequently on the activation of NF-κB factor in microglial cells. Taken together, present results show anti-inflammatory properties of tianeptine in microglial cultures stimulated by LPS. This study provides evidence that the inhibition of microglial activation may underlie the therapeutic activity of tianeptine. Our findings show the anti-inflammatory effect of tianeptine (TIA) in lipopolisaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial cells. The beneficial tianeptine action is mediated through the inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression as well as the TLR4-related pathways: extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), caspase-3-dependent protein kinase δ (PKCδ) cleavage and the expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). These findings may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of disorders based on neuroinflammation, including depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Slusarczyk
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Glombik
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Pharmacology of Pain, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Boguslawa Budziszewska
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Kubera
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Popiolek-Barczyk
- Department of Pharmacology of Pain, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wladyslaw Lason
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pharmacology of Pain, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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14
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Kilanczyk E, Saraswat Ohri S, Whittemore SR, Hetman M. Antioxidant Protection of NADPH-Depleted Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Is Dependent on Supply of Reduced Glutathione. ASN Neuro 2016; 8:8/4/1759091416660404. [PMID: 27449129 PMCID: PMC4962338 DOI: 10.1177/1759091416660404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway is the main source of NADPH, which by reducing oxidized glutathione, contributes to antioxidant defenses. Although oxidative stress plays a major role in white matter injury, significance of NADPH for oligodendrocyte survival has not been yet investigated. It is reported here that the NADPH antimetabolite 6-amino-NADP (6AN) was cytotoxic to cultured adult rat spinal cord oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) as well as OPC-derived oligodendrocytes. The 6AN-induced necrosis was preceded by increased production of superoxide, NADPH depletion, and lower supply of reduced glutathione. Moreover, survival of NADPH-depleted OPCs was improved by the antioxidant drug trolox. Such cells were also protected by physiological concentrations of the neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone (10−8 M). The protection by dehydroepiandrosterone was associated with restoration of reduced glutathione, but not NADPH, and was sensitive to inhibition of glutathione synthesis. A similar protective mechanism was engaged by the cAMP activator forskolin or the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER/GPR30) ligand G1. Finally, treatment with the glutathione precursor N-acetyl cysteine reduced cytotoxicity of 6AN. Taken together, NADPH is critical for survival of OPCs by supporting their antioxidant defenses. Consequently, injury-associated inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway may be detrimental for the myelination or remyelination potential of the white matter. Conversely, steroid hormones and cAMP activators may promote survival of NADPH-deprived OPCs by increasing a NADPH-independent supply of reduced glutathione. Therefore, maintenance of glutathione homeostasis appears as a critical effector mechanism for OPC protection against NADPH depletion and preservation of the regenerative potential of the injured white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kilanczyk
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sujata Saraswat Ohri
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Scott R Whittemore
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, KY, USA Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Michal Hetman
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, KY, USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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15
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Vieira-Marques C, Arbo BD, Ruiz-Palmero I, Ortiz-Rodriguez A, Ghorbanpoor S, Kucharski LC, Arevalo MA, Garcia-Segura LM, Ribeiro MFM. Dehydroepiandrosterone protects male and female hippocampal neurons and neuroblastoma cells from glucose deprivation. Brain Res 2016; 1644:176-82. [PMID: 27174000 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) modulates neurogenesis, neuronal function, neuronal survival and metabolism, enhancing mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Glucose deprivation and hypometabolism have been implicated in the mechanisms that mediate neuronal damage in neurological disorders, and some studies have shown that these mechanisms are sexually dimorphic. It was also demonstrated that DHEA is able to attenuate the hypometabolism that is related to some neurodegenerative diseases, eliciting neuroprotective effects in different experimental models of neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of DHEA on the viability of male and female hippocampal neurons and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells exposed to glucose deprivation. It was observed that after 12h of pre-treatment, DHEA was able to protect SH-SY5Y cells from glucose deprivation for 6h (DHEA 10(-12), 10(-8) and 10(-6)M) and 8h (DHEA 10(-8)M). In contrast, DHEA was not neuroprotective against glucose deprivation for 12 or 24h. DHEA (10(-8)M) also protected SH-SY5Y cells when added together or even 1h after the beginning of glucose deprivation (6h). Furthermore, DHEA (10(-8)M) also protected primary neurons from both sexes against glucose deprivation. In summary, our findings indicate that DHEA is neuroprotective against glucose deprivation in human neuroblastoma cells and in male and female mouse hippocampal neurons. These results suggest that DHEA could be a promising candidate to be used in clinical studies aiming to reduce neuronal damage in people from both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vieira-Marques
- Laboratório de Interação Neuro-Humoral, Department of Physiology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce, 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bruno Dutra Arbo
- Laboratório de Interação Neuro-Humoral, Department of Physiology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce, 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Carlos Kucharski
- Laboratório de Interação Neuro-Humoral, Department of Physiology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria A Arevalo
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce, 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Flávia M Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Interação Neuro-Humoral, Department of Physiology, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, 90050-170 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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16
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Ding X, Wang D, Li L, Ma H. Dehydroepiandrosterone ameliorates H2O2-induced Leydig cells oxidation damage and apoptosis through inhibition of ROS production and activation of PI3K/Akt pathways. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 70:126-39. [PMID: 26643608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is widely used as a nutritional supplement, and administration of DHEA produces a number of beneficial effects in the elderly. Many researchers have suggested that DHEA exerts it function after conversion into more biologically active hormones in peripheral target cells. The actions of DHEA in Leydig cells, a major target cell of DHEA biotransformation in males, are not clear. The present study found that DHEA increased cell viability and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde contents in H2O2-induced Leydig cells. DHEA significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, and decreased the DNA damage in H2O2-induced Leydig cells. Apoptosis was significant decreased in H2O2-induced Leydig cells after DHEA treatment. DHEA inhibited the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and the upregulation of the caspase-3 protein level induced by H2O2 in Leydig cells. DHEA also reversed the decrease in PI3K and p-Akt protein levels induced by H2O2. These data showed that DHEA could ameliorate H2O2-induced oxidative damage by increasing anti-oxidative enzyme activities, which resulted in reduced ROS content, and decreased apoptosis, mainly by preventing the loss of ΔΨm and inhibiting caspase-3 protein levels via activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. These results increase our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the anti-ageing effect of DHEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Longlong Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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17
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Youssef NA, Bradford DW, Kilts JD, Szabo ST, Naylor JC, Allen TB, Strauss JL, Hamer RM, Brunca M, Shampine LJ, Marx CE. Exploratory Investigation of Biomarker Candidates for Suicide in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. CRISIS 2015; 36:46-54. [DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Clozapine and lithium increase neurosteroids in rodents, and both drugs demonstrate antisuicidal actions. We therefore hypothesized that neurosteroid levels may be reduced in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder who completed suicide. Aims: To investigate neurosteroid levels in the parietal cortex and posterior cingulate in schizophrenia and bipolar patients who died by suicide, and compare them with patients with these disorders who died of other causes. Method: Neurosteroid levels were quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the parietal cortex and posterior cingulate. Mann–Whitney analyses were conducted in exploratory post hoc analyses to investigate neurosteroids as possible biomarker candidates for suicide. Results: The study showed that pregnenolone was significantly decreased in the parietal cortex in the combined group of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder who died by suicide (n = 13) compared with patients with these disorders who died of other causes (n = 17, p = .02). Pregnenolone levels were also lower in the parietal cortex in the individual group of schizophrenia patients who died by suicide (n = 4) compared with schizophrenia patients who died of other causes (n = 11) p = .04). Conclusion: Pregnenolone alterations may be relevant to the neurobiology of suicide in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagy A. Youssef
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel W. Bradford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason D. Kilts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven T. Szabo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Naylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Trina B. Allen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Strauss
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert M. Hamer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mira Brunca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Shampine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christine E. Marx
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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18
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Leskiewicz M, Jantas D, Regulska M, Kaczanowska J, Basta-Kaim A, Budziszewska B, Kubera M, Lason W. Antidepressants attenuate the dexamethasone-induced decrease in viability and proliferation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: A involvement of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Neurochem Int 2013; 63:354-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Choe MA, An GJ, Koo BS, Jeon S. Effect of DHEA on recovery of muscle atrophy induced by Parkinson's disease. J Korean Acad Nurs 2012; 41:834-42. [PMID: 22310868 DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2011.41.6.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on recovery of muscle atrophy induced by Parkinson's disease. METHODS The rat model was established by direct injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 20μg) into the left striatum using stereotaxic surgery. Rats were divided into two groups; the Parkinson's disease group with vehicle treatment (Vehicle; n=12) or DHEA treatment group (DHEA; n=22). DHEA or vehicle was administrated intraperitoneally daily at a dose of 0.34 mmol/kg for 21 days. At 22-days after DHEA treatment, soleus, plantaris, and striatum were dissected. RESULTS The DHEA group showed significant increase (p<.01) in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in the lesioned side substantia nigra compared to the vehicle group. Weights and Type I fiber cross-sectional areas of the contralateral soleus of the DHEA group were significantly greater than those of the vehicle group (p=.02, p=.00). Moreover, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation significantly decreased in the lesioned striatum, but was recovered with DHEA and also in the contralateral soleus muscle, Akt and ERK phosphorylation recovered significantly and the expression level of myosin heavy chain also recovered by DHEA treatment. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that DHEA treatment recovers Parkinson's disease induced contralateral soleus muscle atrophy through Akt and ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Ae Choe
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Jantas D, Lorenc-Koci E, Kubera M, Lason W. Neuroprotective effects of MAPK/ERK1/2 and calpain inhibitors on lactacystin-induced cell damage in primary cortical neurons. Neurotoxicology 2011; 32:845-56. [PMID: 21683092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The dysfunction of the proteasome system is implicated in the pathomechanism of several chronic neurodegenerative diseases. Lactacystin (LC), an irreversible proteasome inhibitor, induces cell death in primary cortical neurons, however, the molecular mechanisms of its neurotoxic action has been only partially unraveled. In this study we aimed to elucidate an involvement of the key enzymatic pathways responsible for LC-induced neuronal cell death. Incubation of primary cortical neurons with LC (0.25-50 μg/ml) evoked neuronal cell death in concentration- and time-dependent manner. Lactacystin (2.5 μg/ml; 6.6μM) enhanced caspase-3 activity, but caspase-3 inhibitor, Ac-DEVD-CHO did not attenuate the LC-evoked cell damage. Western blot analysis showed a time-dependent, prolonged activation of MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway after LC exposure. Moreover, inhibitors of MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling, U0126 and PD98052 attenuated the LC-evoked cell death. We also found that LC-treatment resulted in the induction of calpains and calpain inhibitors (MDL28170 and calpeptin) protected neurons against the LC-induced cell damage. Neuroprotective action of MAPK/ERK1/2 and calpain inhibitors were connected with attenuation of LC-induced DNA fragmentation measured by Hoechst 33342 staining and TUNEL assay. However, only MAPK/ERK1/2 but not calpain inhibitors, attenuated the LC-induced AIF (apoptosis inducing factor) release. Further studies showed no synergy between neuroprotective effects of MAPK/ERK1/2 and calpain inhibitors given in combination when compared to their effects alone. The obtained data provided evidence for neuroprotective potency of MAPK/ERK1/2 and calpain, but not caspase-3 inhibition against the neurotoxic effects of LC in primary cortical neurons and give rationale for using these inhibitors in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases connected with proteasome dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jantas
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, PL 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
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21
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Sharma AK, Bhattacharya SK, Khanna N, Tripathi AK, Arora T, Mehta AK, Mehta KD, Joshi V. Effect of progesterone on phosphamidon-induced impairment of memory and oxidative stress in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 30:1626-34. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110396522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone (a neurosteroid) is an important modulator of the nervous system functioning. Organophosphorus pesticides like phosphamidon have been shown to adversely affect memory and induce oxidative stress on both acute and chronic exposure. The present study was therefore designed to investigate the effects of progesterone (PROG) on phosphamidon-induced modulation of cognitive function and oxidative stress in rats. Cognitive function was assessed using step-down latency (SDL) on a passive avoidance apparatus and transfer latency (TL) on an elevated plus maze. Oxidative stress was assessed by examining the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and non-protein thiols (NP-SH) in isolated homogenized whole brain samples. The results showed a significant reduction in SDL and prolongation of TL in the phosphamidon (1.74 mg/kg/d; p.o.) treated group at weeks 6 and 8 as compared to the control group. Two weeks treatment with PROG (15 mg/kg/d; i.p.) antagonized the effect of phosphamidon on SDL as well as TL. Phosphamidon alone produced a significant increase in the brain TBARS levels and decrease in the brain NP-SH levels. Treatment with PROG (15 mg/kg/d; i.p.) attenuated the effect of phosphamidon on oxidative stress. Together, the results showed that progesterone attenuated the cognitive dysfunction and increased oxidative stress induced by phosphamidon in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Swapan K Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Ashok K Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Tarun Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Ashish K Mehta
- Department of Physiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Kapil D Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
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22
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Jaworska-Feil L, Jantas D, Leskiewicz M, Budziszewska B, Kubera M, Basta-Kaim A, Lipkowski AW, Lason W. Protective effects of TRH and its analogues against various cytotoxic agents in retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:495-508. [PMID: 20869113 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
TRH (thyroliberin) and its analogues were reported to possess neuroprotective effects in cellular and animal experimental models of acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study we evaluated effects of TRH and its three stable analogues, montirelin (CG-3703), RGH-2202 and Z-TRH (N-(carbobenzyloxy)-pGlutamyl-Histydyl-Proline) on the neuronally differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, which is widely accepted for studying potential neuroprotectants. We found that TRH and all the tested analogues at concentrations 0.1-50 μM attenuated cell damage induced by MPP(+) (2 mM), 3-nitropropionate (10 mM), hydrogen peroxide (0.5 mM), homocysteine (250 μM) and beta-amyloid (20μM) in retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that TRH and its analogues decreased the staurosporine (0.5 μM)-induced LDH release, caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation, which indicate the anti-apoptotic proprieties of these peptides. The neuroprotective effects of TRH (10 μM) and RGH-2202 (10 μM) on St-induced cell death was attenuated by inhibitors of PI3-K pathway (wortmannin and LY294002), but not MAPK/ERK1/2 (PD98059 and U0126). Moreover, TRH and its analogues at neuroprotective concentrations (1 and 10 μM) increased expression of Bcl-2 protein, as confirmed by Western blot analysis. All in all, these results extend data on neuroprotective properties of TRH and its analogues and provide evidence that mechanism of anti-apoptotic effects of these peptides in SH-SY5Y cell line involves induction of PI3K/Akt pathway and Bcl-2. Furthermore, the data obtained on human cell line with a dopaminergic phenotype suggest potential utility of TRH and its analogues in the treatment of some neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jaworska-Feil
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Budziszewska B, Zając A, Basta-Kaim A, Leśkiewicz M, Steczkowska M, Lasoń W, Kaciński M. Effects of neurosteroids on the human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene. Pharmacol Rep 2010; 62:1030-40. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Janner DDR, Jacob MHVM, Jahn MP, Kucharski LCR, Ribeiro MFM. Dehydroepiandrosterone effects on Akt signaling modulation in central nervous system of young and aged healthy rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 122:142-8. [PMID: 20691781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a steroid synthesized in adrenal cortex as well as in the nervous system. DHEA effects on central nervous system (CNS) have been associated with several brain functions such as marked neurotrophic and neuroprotective activity. DHEA plasma concentration decreases steadily with aging and studies have reported an inverse correlation between levels of DHEA and neurological diseases age-associated. Nonetheless, its mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. Akt signaling pathway is one protein kinase which has been related to be DHEA modulated. The goal of this study was to investigate whether short-term (6 or 24h) or chronic (5 weeks) DHEA treatment modulates Akt in CNS of adult (3 months) and aged (18 and 24 months) healthy rats. Hypothalamus and hippocampus homogenates were prepared to quantify total-Akt and phosphorylated Akt at Ser(473) (pAkt). The results here presented have shown that acute (50mg/kg) and chronic (10mg/kg) DHEA injections modulate total and pAkt levels. This effect was dose and time-dependent as well as age and tissue-dependent. In addition, the age variable also intervenes on total and pAkt levels expression independently of DHEA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane da Rocha Janner
- Laboratório de Interação Neuro-Humoral, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio grande do Sul, Brazil. daia
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25
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Abstract
We have earlier shown that the 9.2.27 Pseudomonas Exotoxin A (PE) immunotoxin (IT) efficiently kills melanoma cells through inhibition of protein synthesis followed by some morphologic and biochemical features of apoptosis, a different cell killing mechanism than the one caused by Dacarbazine (DTIC), a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat malignant melanoma. To examine whether induced DTIC resistance also is a determining factor for the effectiveness of 9.2.27PE IT, we developed a DTIC resistant subline, FEMX-200DR, from the DTIC sensitive cell line FEMX. The cell variants were treated with 9.2.27PE, an IT binding to the high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen (HMW-MAA) expressed on most malignant melanoma cells. The IT was equally effective in killing the FEMX-200DR and the FEMX cells, and the cell death was primarily caused by inhibition of protein synthesis. The DNA repair enzyme and apoptotic marker PARP, a substrate of caspase-3, was inactivated, although we observed only a minor activation of caspase-3 and caspase-8, intracellular proteases involved in apoptosis. In addition to being DTIC resistant, the FEMX-200DR cells were also more resistant to apoptosis than the parent cells as a 3 times higher concentration of the apoptotic inducer Staurosporine was needed to obtain IC50. Furthermore, in early passage malignant melanoma cell lines established from lymph node metastases, the 9.2.27PE caused a time-dependent and dose-dependent decrease in cell viability independent of their DTIC sensitivity. These findings show that the 9.2.27PE IT efficiently can cause cell death in malignant melanoma cells independent of their level of resistance to apoptosis and DTIC.
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Calogeropoulou T, Avlonitis N, Minas V, Alexi X, Pantzou A, Charalampopoulos I, Zervou M, Vergou V, Katsanou ES, Lazaridis I, Alexis MN, Gravanis A. Novel dehydroepiandrosterone derivatives with antiapoptotic, neuroprotective activity. J Med Chem 2009; 52:6569-87. [PMID: 19845386 DOI: 10.1021/jm900468p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DHEA analogues with modifications at positions C3 or C17 were synthesized and evaluated for neuroprotective activity against the neural-crest-derived PC12 cell model of serum deprivation-induced apoptosis. The most potent compounds were the spiro-epoxy derivatives 17beta-spiro[5-androstene-17,2'-oxiran]-3beta-ol (20), (20S)-3beta,21-dihydroxy-17beta,20-epoxy-5-pregnene (23), and (20R)-3beta,21-dihydroxy-17alpha,20-epoxy-5-pregnene (27) with IC(50) values of 0.19 +/- 0.01, 99.0 +/- 4.6, and 6.4 +/- 0.3 nM, respectively. Analogues 20, 23, and 27, up to the micromolar range of concentrations, were unable to activate estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ERalpha and ERbeta) or to interfere with ER-dependent gene expression significantly. In addition, they were unable to stimulate the growth of Ishikawa, MCF-7, and LNCaP cells. Our results suggest that the spiro-epoxyneurosteroid derivatives 20, 23, and 27 may prove to be lead molecules for the synthesis of novel neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Calogeropoulou
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 11635, Athens, Greece.
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27
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Reversal of propoxur-induced impairment of memory and oxidative stress by 4'-chlorodiazepam in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2009; 381:1-10. [PMID: 20012268 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-009-0475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbamate pesticides like propoxur have been shown to adversely affect memory and induce oxidative stress on both acute and chronic exposure. The present study was designed to explore the modulation of the effects of propoxur over cognitive function by progesterone (PROG) and 4'-chlorodiazepam (4CD). Cognitive function was assessed using step-down latency (SDL) on a passive avoidance apparatus, transfer latency (TL) on a plus maze and spatial navigation test on Morris water maze. Oxidative stress was assessed by examining brain malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity. A significant reduction in SDL and prolongation of TL and spatial navigation test was found for the propoxur (10 mg/kg/d; p.o.) treated group at weeks 6 and 7 as compared with control. One-week treatment with 4CD (0.5 mg/kg/d; i.p.) antagonized the effect of propoxur on SDL, spatial navigation test as well as TL; whereas, PROG failed to modulate this effect at a dose of 15 mg/kg/d, i.p. Propoxur produced a statistically significant increase in the brain MDA levels and decrease in the brain GSH levels and CAT activity. Treatment with 4CD at the above dose attenuated the effect of propoxur on oxidative stress whereas PROG (15 mg/kg/d; i.p.) failed to influence the same. The results of the present study thus show that 4-CD has the potential to attenuate cognitive dysfunction and oxidative stress induced by toxicants like propoxur in the brain.
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Kirkova M, Zamfirova R, Todorov S, Leśkiewicz M, Kubera M, Lasoń W. Study of the cytotoxicity and antioxidant capacity of N/OFQ(1–13)NH2 and its structural analogues. Pharmacol Rep 2009; 61:1163-72. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang H, Xu Y, Yan J, Zhao X, Sun X, Zhang Y, Guo J, Zhu C. Acteoside protects human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells against β-amyloid-induced cell injury. Brain Res 2009; 1283:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 05/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Charalampopoulos I, Margioris AN, Gravanis A. Neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone exerts anti-apoptotic effects by membrane-mediated, integrated genomic and non-genomic pro-survival signaling pathways. J Neurochem 2008; 107:1457-69. [PMID: 19013851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) protects neural crest-derived PC12 cells from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis via G protein-associated specific plasma membrane-binding sites (mDBS). Here, we studied the signaling pathways involved in the pro-survival effects of DHEA-mediated activation of the mDBS binding sites. Membrane impermeable DHEA-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate induced an acute phosphorylation of the prosurvival kinases Src, protein kinase A (PKA), MEK1/2/ERK1/2, and PI3K/Akt in serum deprived PC12 cells in parallel to an elevation of intracellular cAMP. The physiological significance of these findings was further assessed in a series of experiments using several selective pro-survival kinase inhibitors. Our combined findings suggest that the following sequence of events may take place following activation of mDBS binding sites: DHEA-BSA induces an acute but transient sequential phosphorylation of the pro-survival kinases Src/PKC(a/b)/MEK1/2/ERK1/2 which, in their turn, activate transcription factors cAMP responsive element binding protein and nuclear factor kappa B which induce the expression of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 genes. In parallel, DHEA-BSA increases intracellular cAMP, and the subsequent phosphorylation of PKA kinase and of cAMP responsive element binding protein. Finally, DHEA-BSA induces phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt kinases which, subsequently, lead to phosphorylation/deactivation of the pro-apoptotic Bad. Our findings suggest that the neurosteroid DHEA affects neural crest-derived cell survival by multiple pro-survival signaling pathways comprising an integrated system of non-genomic and genomic mechanisms.
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