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Jain SK, Jain AK, Rajpoot K. Expedition of Eudragit® Polymers in the Development of Novel Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 17:448-469. [PMID: 32394836 DOI: 10.2174/1567201817666200512093639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eudragit® polymer has been widely used in film-coating for enhancing the quality of products over other materials (e.g., shellac or sugar). Eudragit® polymers are obtained synthetically from the esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid. For the last few years, they have shown immense potential in the formulations of conventional, pH-triggered, and novel drug delivery systems for incorporating a vast range of therapeutics including proteins, vitamins, hormones, vaccines, and genes. Different grades of Eudragit® have been used for designing and delivery of therapeutics at a specific site via the oral route, for instance, in stomach-specific delivery, intestinal delivery, colon-specific delivery, mucosal delivery. Further, these polymers have also shown their great aptitude in topical and ophthalmic delivery. Moreover, available literature evidences the promises of distinct Eudragit® polymers for efficient targeting of incorporated drugs to the site of interest. This review summarizes some potential researches that are being conducted by eminent scientists utilizing the distinct grades of Eudragit® polymers for efficient delivery of therapeutics at various sites of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Jain
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur (C.G.) 495 009, India
| | - Akhlesh K Jain
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur (C.G.) 495 009, India
| | - Kuldeep Rajpoot
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur (C.G.) 495 009, India
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Mahobia S, Bajpai J, Bajpai AK. Soya protein as possible potential nanocarriers for in-vitro oral delivery of insulin in simulated gastric fluids (SGFs). INT J POLYM MATER PO 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1327435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mahobia
- Bose Memorial Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government Autonomous Science College Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jaya Bajpai
- Bose Memorial Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government Autonomous Science College Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - A. K. Bajpai
- Bose Memorial Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Government Autonomous Science College Jabalpur, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Mahobia S, Bajpai J, Bajpai A. Glutaraldehyde crosslinked and alkaline denaturation induced self association of haemoglobin to design nanocarriers for In vitro release of insulin in simulated gastrointestinal fluids (SGFs). J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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An injectable particle-hydrogel hybrid system for glucose-regulatory insulin delivery. Acta Biomater 2017; 64:334-345. [PMID: 28974477 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-term and daily subcutaneous injections of insulin for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetic patients often lead to poor patient compliance and undesired complications. Phenylboronic acid (PBA)-based polymeric hydrogels have been widely considered as one of the most promising insulin delivery system to replace the frequent insulin injections. However, their applications are limited by clinically irrelevant glucose-responsive range, slow response rate, low tissue-adhesiveness and poor biodegradability, undesirable leakage at normoglycemic state. Herein, we report a novel implantable insulin hydrogel for glucose-regulated delivery of insulin based on a unique particle-hydrogel hybrid platform featuring fast glucose responsiveness at physiological pH, shear-thinning behavior for injection, tissue-adhesive function for long-lasting adherence, and full biodegradability for safe use. The system was thoroughly characterized both in vitro and in vivo and was demonstrated to hold these unique functions. Using streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice as a model, it was shown that a single subcutaneous injection of the insulin-loaded particle-hydrogel formulation led to quasi-steady-state blood glucose levels within the normal range for about two weeks. In addition, the preparation of the formulation only involved simple mixing and self-assembling processes, and thus it had great scalability and reproducibility for practical use. The highly feasible preparation, excellent performance, inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability make this novel composite hydrogel promising platform for diabetes therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Phenylboronic acid (PBA)-based polymeric hydrogels have been widely considered as one of the most promising insulin delivery system to replace the frequent insulin injections. However, these hydrogels, mostly based on a variety of PBA-containing acrylamide monomers, are still far from clinical reality. Building upon a unique particle-hydrogel hybrid platform, herein we report a novel implantable insulin storage and delivery system with multifunctionalities including fast glucose-sensitiveness at physiological pH, shear-thinning behavior for injection, tissue-adhesive function for long-lasting adherence, biodegradable materials for safe use and well-controlled insulin release. These unique functions were demonstrated through research both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the preparation of the formulation was simple, and thus it had great scalability and reproducibility for practical use.
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Targeting of gastrointestinal tract for amended delivery of protein/peptide therapeutics: Strategies and industrial perspectives. J Control Release 2014; 196:168-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lasgorceix M, Costa AM, Mavropoulos E, Sader M, Calasans M, Tanaka MN, Rossi A, Damia C, Chotard-Ghodsnia R, Champion E. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of silicated hydroxyapatite and impact of insulin adsorption. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:2383-2393. [PMID: 24859368 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the biological behaviour, in vitro and in vivo, of silicated hydroxyapatite with and without insulin adsorbed on the material surface. Insulin was successfully adsorbed on hydroxyapatite and silicated hydroxyapatite bioceramics. The modification of the protein secondary structure after the adsorption was investigated by means of infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopic methods. Both results were in agreement and indicated that the adsorption process was likely to change the secondary structure of the insulin from a majority of α-helix to a β-sheet form. The biocompatibility of both materials, with and without adsorbed insulin on their surface, was demonstrated in vitro by indirect and direct assays. A good viability of the cells was found and no proliferation effect was observed regardless of the material composition and of the presence or absence of insulin. Dense granules of each material were implanted subcutaneously in mice for 1, 3 and 9 weeks. At 9 weeks of implantation, a higher inflammatory response was observed for silicated hydroxyapatite than for pure hydroxyapatite but no significant effect of adsorbed insulin was detected. Though the presence of silicon in hydroxyapatite did not improve the biological behaviour, the silicon substituted hydroxyapatite remained highly viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lasgorceix
- Université de Limoges, CNRS, SPCTS UMR 7315 Centre Européen de la Céramique, 12 rue Atlantis, 87068, Limoges, France,
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Cho JS, Lee JH, Kang YC. Large scale production of yolk–shell β-tricalcium phosphate powders, and their bioactivities as novel bone substitutes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16962-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01808g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Eskandari S, Varamini P, Toth I. Formulation, characterization and permeability study of nano particles of lipo-endomorphin-1 for oral delivery. J Liposome Res 2013; 23:311-7. [DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2013.805339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sapsford KE, Algar WR, Berti L, Gemmill KB, Casey BJ, Oh E, Stewart MH, Medintz IL. Functionalizing nanoparticles with biological molecules: developing chemistries that facilitate nanotechnology. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1904-2074. [PMID: 23432378 DOI: 10.1021/cr300143v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim E Sapsford
- Division of Biology, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
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Park JH, Pérez RA, Jin GZ, Choi SJ, Kim HW, Wall IB. Microcarriers designed for cell culture and tissue engineering of bone. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:172-90. [PMID: 23126371 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2012.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microspherical particulates have been an attractive form of biomaterials that find usefulness in cell delivery and tissue engineering. A variety of compositions, including bioactive ceramics, degradable polymers, and their composites, have been developed into a microsphere form and have demonstrated the potential to fill defective bone and to populate tissue cells on curved matrices. To enhance the capacity of cell delivery, the conventional solid form of spheres is engineered to have either a porous structure to hold cells or a thin shell to in-situ encapsulate cells within the structure. Microcarriers can also be a potential reservoir system of bioactive molecules that have therapeutic effects in regulating cell behaviors. Due to their specific form, advanced technologies to culture cell-loaded microcarriers are required, such as simple agitation or shaking, spinner flask, and rotating chamber system. Here, we review systematically, from material design to culture technology, the microspherical carriers used for the delivery of cells and tissue engineering, particularly of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hui Park
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Lab, Department of Nanobiomedical Science & WCU Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Lalatsa A, Lee V, Malkinson JP, Zloh M, Schätzlein AG, Uchegbu IF. A Prodrug Nanoparticle Approach for the Oral Delivery of a Hydrophilic Peptide, Leucine5-enkephalin, to the Brain. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1665-80. [DOI: 10.1021/mp300009u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Lalatsa
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University
of London, 29-39
Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Vivian Lee
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University
of London, 29-39
Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - John P. Malkinson
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University
of London, 29-39
Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Mire Zloh
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University
of London, 29-39
Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Andreas G. Schätzlein
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University
of London, 29-39
Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Ijeoma F. Uchegbu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University
of London, 29-39
Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, U.K
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Maroni A, Zema L, Del Curto MD, Foppoli A, Gazzaniga A. Oral colon delivery of insulin with the aid of functional adjuvants. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:540-56. [PMID: 22086142 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral colon delivery is currently considered of importance not only for the treatment of local pathologies, such as primarily inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but also as a means of accomplishing systemic therapeutic goals. Although the large bowel fails to be ideally suited for absorption processes, it may indeed offer a number of advantages over the small intestine, including a long transit time, lower levels of peptidases and higher responsiveness to permeation enhancers. Accordingly, it has been under extensive investigation as a possible strategy to improve the oral bioavailability of peptide and protein drugs. Because of a strong underlying rationale, most of these studies have focused on insulin. In the present review, the impact of key anatomical and physiological characteristics of the colon on its viability as a protein release site is discussed. Moreover, the main formulation approaches to oral colon targeting are outlined along with the design features and performance of insulin-based devices.
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Synthesis and characterization of alginate coated zinc calcium phosphate nanoparticles for intestinal delivery of insulin. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rekha MR, Sharma CP. Oral delivery of therapeutic protein/peptide for diabetes--future perspectives. Int J Pharm 2012; 440:48-62. [PMID: 22503954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in epidemic proportions. A type I diabetic patient is dependent on daily injections of insulin, for survival and also to maintain a normal life, which is uncomfortable, painful and also has deleterious effects. Extensive efforts are being made worldwide for developing noninvasive drug delivery systems, especially via oral route. Oral route is the most widely accepted means of administration. However it is not feasible for direct delivery of peptide and protein drugs. To overcome the gastro-intestinal barriers various types of formulations such as polymeric micro/nanoparticles, liposomes, etc. are investigated. In the recent years lot of advances have taken place in developing and understanding the oral peptide delivery systems. Simultaneously, the development and usage of other peptides having anti-diabetic potentials are also considered for diabetes therapy. In this review we are focusing on the advances reported during the past decade in the field of oral insulin delivery along with the possibility of other peptidic incretin hormones such as GLP-1, exendin-4, for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Rekha
- Division of Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
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Andreas K, Zehbe R, Kazubek M, Grzeschik K, Sternberg N, Bäumler H, Schubert H, Sittinger M, Ringe J. Biodegradable insulin-loaded PLGA microspheres fabricated by three different emulsification techniques: investigation for cartilage tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2011; 7:1485-95. [PMID: 21168535 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Growth, differentiation and migration factors facilitate the engineering of tissues but need to be administered with defined gradients over a prolonged period of time. In this study insulin as a growth factor for cartilage tissue engineering and a biodegradable PLGA delivery device were used. The aim was to investigate comparatively three different microencapsulation techniques, solid-in-oil-in-water (s/o/w), water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) and oil-in-oil-in-water (o/o/w), for the fabrication of insulin-loaded PLGA microspheres with regard to protein loading efficiency, release and degradation kinetics, biological activity of the released protein and phagocytosis of the microspheres. Insulin-loaded PLGA microspheres prepared by all three emulsification techniques had smooth and spherical surfaces with a negative zeta potential. The preparation technique did not affect particle degradation nor induce phagocytosis by human leukocytes. The delivery of structurally intact and biologically active insulin from the microspheres was shown using circular dichroism spectroscopy and a MCF7 cell-based proliferation assay. However, the insulin loading efficiency (w/o/w about 80%, s/o/w 60%, and o/o/w 25%) and the insulin release kinetics were influenced by the microencapsulation technique. The results demonstrate that the w/o/w microspheres are most appropriate, providing a high encapsulation efficiency and low initial burst release, and thus these were finally used for cartilage tissue engineering. Insulin released from w/o/w PLGA microspheres stimulated the formation of cartilage considerably in chondrocyte high density pellet cultures, as determined by increased secretion of proteoglycans and collagen type II. Our results should encourage further studies applying protein-loaded PLGA microspheres in combination with cell transplants or cell-free in situ tissue engineering implants to regenerate cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Andreas
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Mundargi RC, Rangaswamy V, Aminabhavi TM. pH-Sensitive oral insulin delivery systems using Eudragit microspheres. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 37:977-85. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.552908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ramachandran R, Paul W, Sharma CP. Synthesis and characterization of PEGylated calcium phosphate nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 88:41-8. [PMID: 18946870 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The inconvenience of subcutaneous insulin delivery leads to low patient compliance with the dosage regimens. The most desirable form of administration seems to be through the oral route. This work investigates the utility of PEGylated calcium phosphate nanoparticles as oral carriers for insulin. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaP) with an average particle size of 47.9 nm (D50) were synthesized and surface modified by conjugating it with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). These modified nanoparticles were having a near zero zeta potential. Protection of insulin from the gastric environment has been achieved by coating the nanoparticles with a pH sensitive polymer that will dissolve in the mildly alkaline pH environment of the intestine. The release profiles of coated nanoparticles exhibited negligible release in acidic (gastric) pH, i.e., only 2% for CaP and 6.5% for PEGylated CaP. However, a sustained release of insulin was observed at neutral (intestinal) pH for over 8 h. The conformation of the released insulin, studied using circular dichroism, was unaltered when compared with native insulin. The released insulin was also stable as it was studied using dynamic light scattering. Radioimmunoassay was performed and the immunoreactivity of the released insulin was found to be intact. These results suggest PEGylated calcium phosphate nanoparticles as an excellent carrier system for insulin toward the development of an oral insulin delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukmani Ramachandran
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613402, Tamil Nadu, India
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