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Jamrógiewicz M, Milewska K, Mikolaszek B. Spectroscopic evaluation on pseudopolymorphs of sodium naproxen. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120018. [PMID: 34091357 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the assessment of vibrational spectroscopy methods such as middle infrared, near infrared and Raman spectroscopy (FTIR, FT-NIR, Raman) for the identification of pseudopolymorphic forms of a model active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) - sodium naproxen (NpxNa). NpxNa, in the form of three different pseudopolymorphs, was investigated by methods dedicated for solid state characterization: DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), XPRD (powder X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and Karl Fischer titration. Novelty in the results sourced in the usage of the method not applied so far to identify pseudopolymorphic forms of NpxNa, that is, FTIR and FT-NIR. Based on the obtained reproduceable results, various pseudopolymorphic forms were successfully evaluated. Spectroscopic data were correlated with DSC and XPRD results. It was concluded that the combination of band's variations visible on the spectra of pseudopolymorphic forms will allow to interpretate the results unequivocally in case of crucial stability tests of medicinal substance or during on-line pharmaceutical process development by FTIR, FT-NIR and Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Jamrógiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Karolina Milewska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Barbara Mikolaszek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
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2
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Al-Zoubi N, Odeh F, Partheniadis I, Gharaibeh S, Nikolakakis I. Spray drying of naproxen and naproxen sodium for improved tableting and dissolution - physicochemical characterization and compression performance. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 26:193-208. [PMID: 33211618 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1853769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the tabletability and dissolution of spray-dried forms of naproxen and its sodium salt were compared with those of unprocessed drugs. Solutions of naproxen or naproxen sodium alone or with HPMC (5% w/w of drug content) were spray dried. Scanning electron micrographs showed that naproxen sodium spray-dried particles were spherical, whereas those of naproxen were non-spherical but isodiametric. Powder x-ray diffraction and thermal analysis indicated that co-spray drying with HPMC resulted in reduced crystallinity of naproxen and higher naproxen sodium dihydrate content. FTIR and Raman analysis showed shifting, merging or elimination of bands in the spectra of the co-spray dried products signifying solid-state alterations. When mixed with suitable processing aids (7% w/w), all co-spray dried powders produced satisfactory tablets in the pressure range 73-295 MPa. Conversely, physical mixtures of naproxen compressed with the same aids failed tableting, whereas naproxen sodium produced weak tablets. Dissolution tests showed significant improvement for co-spray dried drugs tablets. Therefore, since the large therapeutic doses of naproxen and sodium naproxen limit the use of tableting aids, the improved compaction and dissolution performance of the spray-dried forms may be a formulation alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Al-Zoubi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Faten Odeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ioannis Partheniadis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Nikolakakis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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3
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Gupta S, Thool P, Meruva S, Li J, Patel J, Agrawal A, Karki S, Bowen W, Mitra B. Development of low dose micro-tablets by high shear wet granulation process. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Relationship between hydrate stability and accuracy of true density measured by helium pycnometry. Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118444. [PMID: 31212057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of a material, such as hardness and elastic modulus, depend on porosity exponentially. Thus, an accurate characterization of material mechanical properties requires correct porosity, which depends on the accuracy of measured true density. Helium pycnometry is the most common technique for determining true density of a powder material but it is not suitable for materials containing volatile components. For unstable hydrates, dehydration during measurement releases water and invalidates the ideal gas law used for calculating sample volume. Consequently, measured true density is over-estimated, which causes gross errors in mechanical properties extrapolated to zero porosity. This work shows that physical stability and the dehydration kinetics, determined by both water-bonding structures and bonding energy, directly affect the magnitude of error in measured true density.
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Al-Ali M, Parthasarathy R. Modeling and kinetics study of novel microwave irradiation drying of naproxen sodium drug. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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6
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Effect of processing conditions and excipients on dehydration kinetics of sodium naproxen hydrate in formulation. Int J Pharm 2019; 557:221-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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7
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Thakral NK, Zanon RL, Kelly RC, Thakral S. Applications of Powder X-Ray Diffraction in Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals: Achievements and Aspirations. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2969-2982. [PMID: 30145209 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of X-ray diffraction and its potential to elucidate crystal symmetry, powder X-ray diffraction has found diverse applications in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. This review summarizes significant achievements of the technique during various stages of dosage form development. Improved understanding of the principle involved and development of automated hardware and reliable software have led to increased instrumental sensitivity and improved data analysis. These advances continue to expand the applications of powder X-ray diffraction to emerging research fields such as amorphous systems, mechanistic understanding of phase transformations, and "Quality by Design" in formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger L Zanon
- Upsher-Smith Laboratories LLC, Maple Grove, Minnesota 55369
| | | | - Seema Thakral
- Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Newman
- Seventh Street Development Group; PO Box 251 Kure Beach NC 28449 USA
| | - Cen Chen
- Crystal Pharmatech; B4-101, Biobay, 218 Xinghu Street, Suzhou Industrial Park Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Carlos Sanrame
- Crystal Pharmatech; Suite 500-B, 3000 Eastpark Blvd Cranbury NJ 08512 USA
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9
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Novel drying of formulated naproxen sodium using microwave radiation: Characterization and energy comparison. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Al-Ali M, Selvakannan PR, Parthasarathy R. Influences of novel microwave drying on dissolution of new formulated naproxen sodium. RSC Adv 2018; 8:16214-16222. [PMID: 35542208 PMCID: PMC9080256 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Drying of a pharmaceutical composition is an important step during its processing, which can affect its quality attributes including its texture, dispersion of the drug within the formulation, drug dissolution kinetics and eventually the drug's efficacy. This study presents the influence of varying drying techniques on the textural properties of the wet granulated formulation consisting of the drug naproxen sodium (NapSod) during the drying process. A new pharmaceutical formulation consisting of the NapSod drug was prepared by wet granulation and dried by novel microwave drying (MW), freeze drying (FD), vacuum drying (VD), and convective drying (CD) techniques before being processed in the form of tablets. The dissolution rate of NapSod from the tablet was measured in gastric (pH = 1.3) and intestinal fluid (pH = 6.8) mediums. The drug release was found to be influenced by the specific surface area, size distribution and the crystalline structure of dried particles, which were found to vary with the type of drying technique used as confirmed by the results of XRD, FTIR, SEM and particle size analyses. This study shows that using microwave technique to dry pharmaceutical granules containing a polar drug, such as NapSod, is an efficient and economical process, which can maintain the drug release at an appropriate rate to realize its desired pharmaceutical effect. Novel microwave mediated drying of naproxen sodium has been shown as an efficient drying technique as well as exhibiting a critical role in improving the dissolution kinetics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Al-Ali
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- School of Engineering
- RMIT University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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Bär D, Debus H, Grune C, Tosch S, Fischer W, Mäder K, Imming P. Improving the drug release of Naproxen Sodium tablets by preparing granules and tablets with a preferred mixing ratio of hydrates. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 121:90-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Mahours GM, Shaaban DEZ, Shazly GA, Auda SH. The effect of binder concentration and dry mixing time on granules, tablet characteristics and content uniformity of low dose drug in high shear wet granulation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Polymorph Impact on the Bioavailability and Stability of Poorly Soluble Drugs. Molecules 2015; 20:18759-76. [PMID: 26501244 PMCID: PMC6331817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs with low water solubility are predisposed to poor and variable oral bioavailability and, therefore, to variability in clinical response, that might be overcome through an appropriate formulation of the drug. Polymorphs (anhydrous and solvate/hydrate forms) may resolve these bioavailability problems, but they can be a challenge to ensure physicochemical stability for the entire shelf life of the drug product. Since clinical failures of polymorph drugs have not been uncommon, and some of them have been entirely unexpected, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) has required preliminary and exhaustive screening studies to identify and characterize all the polymorph crystal forms for each drug. In the past, the polymorphism of many drugs was detected fortuitously or through manual time consuming methods; today, drug crystal engineering, in particular, combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening, makes it possible to easily and exhaustively identify stable polymorphic and/or hydrate/dehydrate forms of poorly soluble drugs, in order to overcome bioavailability related problems or clinical failures. This review describes the concepts involved, provides examples of drugs characterized by poor solubility for which polymorphism has proven important, outlines the state-of-the-art technologies and discusses the pertinent regulations.
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Censi R, Rascioni R, Di Martino P. Changes in the solid state of anhydrous and hydrated forms of sodium naproxen under different grinding and environmental conditions: Evidence of the formation of new hydrated forms. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 92:192-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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15
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Understanding pharmaceutical polymorphic transformations I: influence of process variables and storage conditions. Ther Deliv 2015; 5:1123-42. [PMID: 25418270 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of a dosage form is affected by number of mechanical and environmental factors which have a tendency to alter its crystalline state. Polymorphic transitions have been observed to occur during various unit operations like granulation, milling and compression. Forces of pressure, shear and temperature have an ability to induce alterations in crystal habit. A conversion in polymorphic form during a unit operation is very likely to affect the handling of API in the subsequent unit operation. Transitions have also been observed during storage of formulations where the relative humidity and temperature play a major role. An increase in temperature during storage can dehydrate or desolvate the crystal and hence produce crystal defects, whilst, high humidity conditions produce higher molecular mobility leading to either crystallization of API or alteration of its crystalline form.
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16
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High shear granulation of binary mixtures: Effect of powder composition on granule properties. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Schrank S, Kann B, Saurugger E, Ehmann H, Werzer O, Windbergs M, Glasser BJ, Zimmer A, Khinast J, Roblegg E. Impact of drying on solid state modifications and drug distribution in ibuprofen-loaded calcium stearate pellets. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:599-609. [PMID: 24400735 DOI: 10.1021/mp4005782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Drying is a common pharmaceutical process, whose potential to alter the final drug properties-even at relatively low temperatures-is often neglected. The present study addresses the impact of drying at 20 and 50 °C on wet-extruded calcium stearate (CaSt) pellets. Drying at 20 °C caused the majority of ibuprofen to accumulate at the pellet surface due to a strong convective flow from the pellet's center to the surface. In contrast, pellets dried at 50 °C still contained ibuprofen in the pellet's interior due to the higher drying rate and the associated film breakage during drying. Moreover, the higher drying temperature caused CaSt to form a second lamellar phase and ibuprofen to convert (partly) into its amorphous state. Overall, the drying process affected the solid state and the spatial ibuprofen distribution within the pellet. Knowledge of these effects can aid in tailoring advanced multipellet formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schrank
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology , Inffeldgasse 13/3, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Raijada D, Cornett C, Rantanen J. A high throughput platform for understanding the influence of excipients on physical and chemical stability. Int J Pharm 2013; 453:285-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Electrolyte-Stimulated Biphasic Dissolution Profile and Stability Enhancement for Tablets Containing Drug-Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Pharm Res 2012; 29:2710-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Massing in high shear wet granulation can simultaneously improve powder flow and deteriorate powder compaction: A double-edged sword. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 43:50-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Origin of profound changes in powder properties during wetting and nucleation stages of high-shear wet granulation of microcrystalline cellulose. POWDER TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Römer F, Kraska T. Molecular dynamics simulation of the formation of pharmaceutical particles by rapid expansion of a supercritical solution. J Supercrit Fluids 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Malaj L, Censi R, Gashi Z, Di Martino P. Compression behaviour of anhydrous and hydrate forms of sodium naproxen. Int J Pharm 2010; 390:142-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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