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Li Y, Liang C, Liu J, Zhou C, Wu Z, Guo S, Liu J, A N, Wang S, Xin G, Henry RJ. Moderate Reduction in Nitrogen Fertilizer Results in Improved Rice Quality by Affecting Starch Properties without Causing Yield Loss. Foods 2023; 12:2601. [PMID: 37444339 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality and starch properties of rice are significantly affected by nitrogen. The effect of the nitrogen application rate (0, 180, and 230 kg ha-1) on the texture of cooked rice and the hierarchical structure and physicochemical properties of starch was investigated over two years using two japonica cultivars, Bengal and Shendao505. Nitrogen application contributed to the hardness and stickiness of cooked rice, reducing the texture quality. The amylose content and pasting properties decreased significantly, while the relative crystallinity increased with the increasing nitrogen rates, and the starch granules became smaller with an increase in uneven and pitted surfaces. The proportion of short-chain amylopectin rose, and long-chain amylopectin declined, which increased the external short-range order by 1045/1022 cm-1. These changes in hierarchical structure and grain size, regulated by nitrogen rates, synergistically increased the setback viscosity, gelatinization enthalpy and temperature and reduced the overall viscosity and breakdown viscosity, indicating that gelatinization and pasting properties were the result of the joint action of several factors. All results showed that increasing nitrogen altered the structure and properties of starch, eventually resulting in a deterioration in eating quality and starch functional properties. A moderate reduction in nitrogen application could improve the texture and starch quality of rice while not impacting on the grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia
| | - Chao Liang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chanchan Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhouzhou Wu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shimeng Guo
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Na A
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Guang Xin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Robert J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia
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Interactive Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Grain Yield and Quality of Waxy Maize. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192528. [PMID: 36235394 PMCID: PMC9571907 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reasonable fertilization of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) had significant effects on maize growth. In this experiment, two N levels (N180 and N225 kg ha−1) and four K treatments (K0, K75, K150 and K75 + 75 kg ha−1) were set to study the effects of combined application of N and K on the grain yield and quality of waxy maize. The results showed that grain yield increased with increasing K under the same N level, and top-dressing K further increased the grain yield. K application increased starch content significantly at N180 and decreased significantly at N225, while the protein content increased significantly at the two N levels. The grain starch content with the K75 + 75 treatment increased by 5.8% and 9.0% compared with K150 at the two N levels, and the protein content decreased by 2.9% and 4.7%. Application of K increased the retrogradation enthalpy (ΔHret) and retrogradation percentage (%R) at N180. At N225, the ΔHret and %R of K75 and K150 decreased, while those of K75 + 75 increased. The ΔHret and %R under K75 + 75 at N180 were lower than N225. Under these experiment conditions, 75 kg ha−1 K2O at sowing date and top-dressed 75 kg ha−1 K2O at jointing stage (V6) under the conditions of appropriate N reduction could not only effectively improve the pasting and thermal properties of waxy maize flour, but also stabilized the grain yield.
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Deng S, Ashraf U, Nawaz M, Abbas G, Tang X, Mo Z. Water and Nitrogen Management at the Booting Stage Affects Yield, Grain Quality, Nutrient Uptake, and Use Efficiency of Fragrant Rice Under the Agro-Climatic Conditions of South China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:907231. [PMID: 35769300 PMCID: PMC9234578 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.907231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the effects of water and nitrogen applications at the booting stage on yield, grain quality, and nutrient use efficiencies in fragrant rice in the early (March-July) and late (July-November) seasons of 2013. The experiment was comprised of two fragrant rice cultivars, i.e., Nongxiang 18 and Basmati; three nitrogen levels, i.e., 0 kg N ha-1 (N0), 30 kg N ha-1 (N1), and 60 kg N ha-1 (N2); and three water levels, i.e., 2-4 cm water layer well-watered (W0), water with a soil water potential of -15 ± 5 kPa (W1), and water with a soil water potential of -25 ± 5 kPa (W2), which were randomized in a split-split plot design. Results showed that Basmati produced a higher grain yield than Nongxiang 18 (16.20 and 9.61% in the early and late season, respectively), whereas the W1 exhibited the maximum grain yield and harvest index. The moderate application of nitrogen (N1) at the booting stage resulted in higher grain yield, nevertheless, cultivar, water, and nitrogen revealed different trends for some of the grain quality attributes, i.e., brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head milled rice rate, protein content, and amylose content as well as nutrient uptake and use efficiencies in the double rice production system. Basmati had a higher nitrogen harvest index (NHI; 18.28-20.23%) and P harvest index (PHI; 3.95-12.42%) but lower physiological P use efficiency for biomass (PPUEB; 7.66-23.66%) and physiological K use efficiency for biomass (PKUEB; 2.53-7.10%) than Nongxiang 18 in both seasons. Furthermore, the grain number per panicle, biomass yield, grain P uptake, and the whole plant P uptake were significantly related to the grain yield of fragrant rice. In both seasons, the interaction of water and nitrogen (W × N) had a significant effect on panicle number, grain quality attributes, and N, P uptake of straw, as well as the physiological N, P use efficiency for grain and the physiological N, K use efficiency for biomass. Overall, results suggest that moderate nitrogen and irrigation input at the booting stage could be feasible to improve the productivity and quality of the double rice production system with improved nutrient use efficiency under the agro-climatic conditions of South China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Deng
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Umair Ashraf
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Botany, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Nawaz
- College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Plant Physiology Section, Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xiangru Tang
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- State key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Yuan C, Wang S, Lu D. Fertilization time of slow-release fertilizer affects the physicochemical properties of starch from spring-sown waxy maize. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1012-1020. [PMID: 34312861 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Slow-release fertilizer is widely used in cereal crop production because it is ecofriendly and laborsaving. Effects of different application stages (zero-, three-, and six-leaf stages, denoted as SN0, SN3, and SN6, respectively) of slow-release (N/P2 O5 /K2 O = 225/75/75 kg ha-1 ) fertilizer on physicochemical properties of starch from spring-sown waxy maize were investigated in 2018 and 2019. Application of traditional fertilizer (NCK, compound fertilizer; N/P2 O5 /K2 O = 75/75/75 kg ha-1 ) at sowing time and urea (N = 150 kg ha-1 ) at six-leaf stage was designated as the control. RESULTS In comparison to the NCK, SN0 reduced grain starch content by 4.9%. Meanwhile, SN3 and SN6 did not affect this parameter. Nevertheless, all treatments, particularly SN6, increased average starch granule size. The slow-release fertilizer reduced proportion of chains with degree of polymerization (DP) > 24. Relative to NCK, SN6 increased starch crystallinity in both years, whereas SN0 and SN3 increased it in 2018 but reduced it in 2019. SN0 reduced peak, trough, and final viscosities, whereas SN3 and SN6 produced similar starch viscosities to those produced by NCK. No fertilizer mode affected gelatinization parameters, but SN6 produced a low retrogradation percentage. In comparison to data for 2018, starch produced in 2019 showed a small granule size, and a high proportion of short amylopectin chains. These properties endowed starch with high viscosity and low retrogradation percentage. CONCLUSION In spring-sown waxy maize production, applying slow-release fertilizer at the six-leaf stage produced starch with high viscosity and low retrogradation tendency by enlarging granule size, increasing crystallinity, and reducing the proportion of long chains. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Green Labelled Rice Shows a Higher Nutritional and Physiochemical Quality Than Conventional Rice in China. Foods 2021; 10:foods10050915. [PMID: 33919454 PMCID: PMC8143485 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, green food refers to a wide array of certified agricultural and processed edible commodities that are produced strictly following defined standard protocols and labelled with a specified “Green Food” logo. The demand for green labelled rice is rapidly growing due to its higher quality and adherence to safety standards compared to conventional rice. Therefore, the physicochemical and nutritional quality of green rice needs to be further investigated for consumers’ benefits. Using Daohuaxiang 2, one of the most famous types of green rice, we found that green rice was significantly superior to conventional rice in terms of thousand kernel weight, chalkiness, amylose content, and rheological properties. Green rice contained lower levels of heavy metals than conventional rice due to a dramatic reduction in chemical inputs during its cultivation. The concentrations of Cr, As, Cd, Pb in green rice decreased, respectively, from 98.7 to 180.1 μg/kg, 49.8 to 62.3 μg/kg, 7.8 to 9.1 μg/kg, and 29.0 to 42.8 μg/kg on average. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS)-based metabolomics, in combination with multivariate analysis, revealed that 15 metabolites differentially accumulated when comparing green and conventional rice. Among these, 12 metabolites showed a high accumulation in green rice, including seven amino acids, two sugars, and three fatty acids. Overall, our results suggest the superior quality of a type of green rice that is popular in China, which may boost green rice consumption and facilitate the further expansion of green rice production in China.
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Ning H, Sun J, Liu H, Gao Y, Shen X, Wang G, Zhang K. The effects of nitrogen application rate on the grain physicochemical properties of japonica rice under controlled and flooding irrigation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2428-2438. [PMID: 33012027 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the effects of water-nitrogen interaction on the grain quality of two varieties of japonica rice grown on the North China Plain, based on evaluations of grain biochemical components, starch X-ray diffraction properties, thermal and pasting characteristics, and particle size distribution. RESULTS We found that, under controlled irrigation, increasing levels of nitrogen resulted in a reduction in grain starch content and an increase in protein content. Nitrogen fertilization, irrigation, and their interaction had significant effects on the particle size and size distribution of rice flour. Under both controlled and flooding irrigation, the lowest values of pasting parameters for cultivars Xindao22 and Xindao10 were observed in response to moderate and high nitrogen application, respectively. Under flooding irrigation, Xindao22 exhibited lower mean value of gelatinization onset, peak, and conclusion temperatures and enthalpy in response to control irrigation, whereas in Xindao10 these parameters were relatively stable with respect to nitrogen and irrigation treatments. However, we observed no significant effects of either nitrogen or irrigation on amylopectin chain length distribution or starch relative crystallinity. CONCLUSION Nitrogen application rate and irrigation methods had distinct effects on the physicochemical properties of flour derived from treated rice plants. The findings will provide support for scientific irrigation and fertilization in order to improve rice grain quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Ning
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xinxiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Jingsheng Sun
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xinxiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Hao Liu
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xinxiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xinxiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Shen
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xinxiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Guangshuai Wang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xinxiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Xinxiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture, Xinxiang, PR China
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Hu Q, Liu Q, Jiang W, Qiu S, Wei H, Zhang H, Liu G, Xing Z, Hu Y, Guo B, Gao H. Effects of mid-stage nitrogen application timing on the morphological structure and physicochemical properties of japonica rice starch. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:2463-2471. [PMID: 33034077 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen management of crops, especially when mid-stage nitrogen is applied, is a key factor affecting the yield and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa). Here, the timing of mid-stage nitrogen application was evaluated for its effect on rice grain quality by assessing the morphological structure and physicochemical properties of starch from two japonica rice cultivars growing in fields (Nangeng 9108 and Nangeng 5055). RESULTS The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design, with the two rice cultivars as the main plot factor and three timings of mid-stage nitrogen application as the within-plot factor. Briefly, three applications were made: at the emergence of the top-sixth-leaf (ahead), the top-fourth-leaf (normal), and the top-second-leaf (delayed) of the main stem. Delaying mid-stage nitrogen application caused the starch granule surface to become uneven and significantly reduced its particle size, whereas it increased the polished rice rate, chalkiness degree, and protein content. Furthermore, the apparent amylose content decreased with a delay in mid-stage nitrogen application, thereby resulting in higher relative crystallinity, swelling power, water solubility, gelatinization enthalpy, and low retrogradation. Finally, we also found that delaying this nitrogen application lowered the characteristic values of rice flour viscosities, leading to cooking quality deterioration. CONCLUSION These results therefore suggest that delaying mid-stage nitrogen application enhances the processing and nutritional qualities of japonica rice but evidently has an adverse effect upon its appearance and cooking qualities. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Agricultural College, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Weiqin Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology/Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology/Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hongcheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Xing
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Baowei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Agricultural College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Wood RM, Waters DLE, Mawson AJ, Blanchard CL, Dunn BW, Oli P. Effect of agronomic management on rice grain quality Part I: A review of Australian practices. Cereal Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Maree Wood
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga NSW Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries Yanco Agricultural Institute Yanco NSW Australia
| | - Daniel L. E. Waters
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga NSW Australia
| | - Andrew John Mawson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Ruakura Research Centre Hamilton New Zealand
| | - Christopher L. Blanchard
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Charles Sturt University Wagga Wagga NSW Australia
| | - Brian W. Dunn
- NSW Department of Primary Industries Yanco Agricultural Institute Yanco NSW Australia
| | - Prakash Oli
- NSW Department of Primary Industries Yanco Agricultural Institute Yanco NSW Australia
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FENG N, TANG S, ZHOU M, LV Z, CHEN Y, LI P, WU Q. Optimizing the texture and retrogradation properties of Niangao (Rice Cake) made with naturally fermented rice flour. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shimiao TANG
- Hubei University of Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, China
| | - Mengzhou ZHOU
- Hubei University of Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, China
| | | | - Yuanyuan CHEN
- Hubei University of Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, China
| | - Panheng LI
- Hubei University of Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, China
| | - Qian WU
- Hubei University of Technology, China; Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, China
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10
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Wang J, Wen Z, Fu P, Lu W, Lu D. Effects of Nitrogen Rates on the Physicochemical Properties of Waxy Maize Starch. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Zhangrong Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Pengxiao Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Weiping Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
| | - Dalei Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and PhysiologyAgricultural College of Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Co‐Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou 225009 China
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11
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Xiao R, Li L, Ma Y. A label-free proteomic approach differentiates between conventional and organic rice. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Metabolic variation and cooking qualities of millet cultivars grown both organically and conventionally. Food Res Int 2018; 106:825-833. [PMID: 29579993 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Millet plays a major role in food security in Africa and Asia. In addition to being a rich source of nutrients, millet contains many phytochemicals that are potentially beneficial for human health, and several of these compounds are related to its cooking properties. In this study, 172 metabolites and 3 cooking quality traits of millet from the same two cultivars grown both organically and conventionally were analyzed. The results indicated that the differences in the metabolities and cooking quality of the millets could be attributed mostly to the cultivar and whether the millet was grown conventionally or organically. Organic growing conditions only enhanced the accumulation of some carbohydrates such as fructose and glucose. Therefore, cultivar selection was important in organic millet cultivation. The relationships between metabolites and cooking quality traits showed that, overall, 57.43% of the variation in the cooking quality matrix was explained by metabolome matrix, which indicated that some chemical compounds could also be used to evaluate the cooking qualities of millet. These results could contribute to breeding millet to improve its the nutritional properties and cooking qualities.
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Alves GH, Paraginski RT, Lamas NDS, Hoffmann JF, Vanier NL, de Oliveira M. Effects of Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems on Technological Properties and Phenolic Compounds of Freshly Harvested and Stored Rice. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2276-2285. [PMID: 28876469 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the physicochemical and technological properties of the IRGA 410 rice cultivar, obtained from organic and conventional cropping systems, and showed its susceptibility to changes during storage at 0, 6, and 12 mo. The rice conventional cropping system exhibited greater protein, lipids, and ash levels, and a head rice yield. However, organic rice presented greater total carbohydrates, soluble protein, amylose content, 33% greater free phenolics, and phenolic acids, but exhibited a greater percentage of stained grains during the storage period. The free phenolic content of cooked rice was lower than the free phenolic content of the raw rice. By Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometer (LC-MS) were identified p-coumaric and ferulic acids in both fractions (free and bound). The content of p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid in bound fraction was higher in organic brown rice than in conventional brown rice. At 6 and 12 mo of storage, the main fungi found were Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. Prior to storage, the Bipolaris sp. fungi was identified only in organic rice. For conventional rice, the infestation level by Aspergillus sp. increased from 3% to 70% at the 6th mo of storage. In addition to the advantage of organic rice being free of agrochemicals, this study revealed that natural plant defense compounds could be produced when the rice was subjected to more biotic and abiotic stresses. However, some disadvantages were observed, such as lower protein content and a greater percentage of soluble protein, which favored the breaking of rice in processing, and a greater percentage of grain stained before and during storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The organic and conventional cropping systems affect the physicochemical and technological properties of rice grains, which is one of the main cereals grown and consumed in the world. This study shows the advantages and disadvantages of the cropping system in grain properties that are in the interest of both consumers and processing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hörnke Alves
- Dept. of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal Univ. of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tadeu Paraginski
- Dept. of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal Univ. of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Nelisa de Souza Lamas
- Dept. of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal Univ. of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Fernanda Hoffmann
- Dept. of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal Univ. of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan Levien Vanier
- Dept. of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal Univ. of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maurício de Oliveira
- Dept. of Agroindustrial Science and Technology, Federal Univ. of Pelotas, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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14
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Chen J, Tang L, Shi P, Yang B, Sun T, Cao W, Zhu Y. Effects of short-term high temperature on grain quality and starch granules of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at post-anthesis stage. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:935-943. [PMID: 27447698 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
High temperature causes negative effects on grain yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, the effects of short-term high temperature (SHT) on grain quality and starch granules were investigated in two rice cultivars Nanjing 41 (NJ41, heat-sensitive) and Wuxiangjing 14 (WJ14, heat-tolerant) at post-anthesis stage (anthesis and early grain-filling stage). The results of rice quality analysis showed that chalky rate and chalkiness increased while brown rice rate, milled rice rate, and head rice rate decreased in two rice cultivars with the increase of high temperature and prolonged duration. Moreover, SHT stress reduced the accumulation of amylose as well as starch accumulation. The starch accumulation and eating quality were more sensitive to SHT than the appearance and milling quality. The starch structure data observed by scanning electron microscope further showed that the starch granules are arranged loosely and more single starch granules appeared after SHT treatment. The extent of change in rice quality and starch traits of WJ14 under SHT was lower than that of NJ41. The effects of SHT at anthesis stage were greater than that at grain-filling stage. Taken together, the results could help further understand the physiological and biochemical processes governing rice quality under high-temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Chen
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Agricultural Information Institute of Science and Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Digital Agriculture, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Liang Tang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peihua Shi
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Baohua Yang
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ting Sun
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weixing Cao
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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15
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Gunaratne A, Wu K, Collado L, Gan RY, Arachchi LV, Kumara K, Pathirana SM, Corke H. Physicochemical and functional properties ofCaryota urensflour as compared to wheat flour. Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Gunaratne
- Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka; P.O. Box 02 Belihuloya Sri Lanka
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfuam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Kao Wu
- Glyn O. Philips Hydrocolloid Research Centre at HUT; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan 430068 China
| | - Lilia Collado
- Food Science Cluster, College of Agriculture; University of the Philippines Los Baños; Laguna 4031 Philippines
| | - Ren-You Gan
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfuam Road Hong Kong China
| | | | - Kapila Kumara
- Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka; P.O. Box 02 Belihuloya Sri Lanka
| | | | - Harold Corke
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfuam Road Hong Kong China
- Department of Food Science and Engineering; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai 200240 China
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16
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Yang X, Bi J, Gilbert RG, Li G, Liu Z, Wang S, Ding Y. Amylopectin chain length distribution in grains of japonica rice as affected by nitrogen fertilizer and genotype. J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Ahmed N, Tetlow IJ, Nawaz S, Iqbal A, Mubin M, Nawaz ul Rehman MS, Butt A, Lightfoot DA, Maekawa M. Effect of high temperature on grain filling period, yield, amylose content and activity of starch biosynthesis enzymes in endosperm of basmati rice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2237-43. [PMID: 25284759 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High temperature during grain filling affects yield, starch amylose content and activity of starch biosynthesis enzymes in basmati rice. To investigate the physiological mechanisms underpinning the effects of high temperature on rice grain, basmati rice was grown under two temperature conditions - 32 and 22 °C - during grain filling. RESULTS High temperature decreased the grain filling period from 32 to 26 days, reducing yield by 6%, and caused a reduction in total starch (3.1%) and amylose content (22%). Measurable activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose to starch conversion, sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch phosphorylase and soluble starch synthase in endosperms developed at 32 °C were lower than those at 22 °C compared with similar ripening stage on an endosperm basis. In particular, granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) activity was significantly lower than corresponding activity in endosperms developing at 22 °C during all developmental stages analyzed. CONCLUSION Results suggest changes in amylose/amylopectin ratio observed in plants grown at 32 °C was attributable to a reduction in activity of GBSS, the sole enzyme responsible for amylose biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ahmed
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ian J Tetlow
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Sehar Nawaz
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Iqbal
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mubin
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shah Nawaz ul Rehman
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Butt
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - David A Lightfoot
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Carbondale, IL62901, USA
| | - Masahiko Maekawa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
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18
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Kaur M, Kaur N, Kaur M, Sandhu KS. Some properties of rice grains, flour and starches: A comparison of organic and conventional modes of farming. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Patindol JA, Siebenmorgen TJ, Wang YJ. Impact of environmental factors on rice starch structure: A review. STARCH-STARKE 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Patindol
- Department of Food Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | | | - Ya-Jane Wang
- Department of Food Science; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
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20
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Beckles DM, Thitisaksakul M. How environmental stress affects starch composition and functionality in cereal endosperm. STARCH-STARKE 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201300212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane M. Beckles
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of California; Davis CA USA
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