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Insight of Silkworm Pupa Oil Regulating Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244084. [PMID: 36553826 PMCID: PMC9777899 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Silkworm pupa oil (SPO) contains unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, and phytosterols, which can regulate serum total cholesterol or be used as an antioxidant. In this study, we investigated the impacts of SPO on the antioxidant stress and lipid metabolism of Caenorhabditis elegans. The lifespan of the C. elegans fed with different SPO concentrations was determined. The levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed with the fluorescent probe method. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed. The transcription level of specific mRNA was characterized with q-PCR. The survival time of the mutant strain under oxidative stress was determined by daf-2 (CB1370) mutant, sod-3 (GA186) mutant, and skn-1 (EU31) mutant. As for the lipid metabolism, the lipid accumulation was determined with an Oil-Red-O (ORO) staining. The transcription level of specific mRNA was determined by q-PCR. The results showed that the SPO feeding enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzyme by upregulating the expression of the genes skn-1, and sod-3 to decrease the production of ROS and MDA, which prolonged the life of nematodes treated with juglone. ORO staining analysis indicated the feeding of SPO decreased intestinal fat accumulation, downregulated expression of fat-5, fat-6, fat-7, and nhr-80, and upregulated age-1 and tph-1 expression. Conclusively, SPO enhanced the antioxidant capacity by regulating the skn-1 and sod-3 expression of antioxidant gene and reducing the fat accumulation by the insulin/IGF signaling pathway and nuclear hormone receptor nhr-80 signaling pathway of nematodes. This study provides new evidence for the antioxidant and lipid-lowering mechanisms of SPO in C. elegans.
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Saiki M, Takemoto N, Nagata M, Matsumoto M, Amen Y, Wang D, Shimizu K. Analysis of Antioxidant and Antiallergic Active Components Extracted From the Edible Insect Oxya yezoensis. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211023363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, entomophagy has attracted increased attention, as it was recommended as a potential source of food by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In Japan, Oxya yezoensisis one of the most widely eaten insect species, but studies of its functionality as a food are limited. In this study, we reported the optimal characterization of the total phenolic compounds in methanolic extract (OME) and different fractions of OME. Additionally, the antioxidant and antiallergic activities of the OME fractions were evaluated. The results showed that the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of OME has potential antioxidant activity, whereas the n-hexane-soluble fraction showed the strongest inhibition of β-hexosaminidase, which is one of the key factors in allergic reactions. It was concluded that phenolic compounds might contribute to the antioxidant activity while unsaturated fatty acids contribute to the antiallergy activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Saiki
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naomichi Takemoto
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Maki Nagata
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masako Matsumoto
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yhiya Amen
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences, Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Saviane A, Tassoni L, Naviglio D, Lupi D, Savoldelli S, Bianchi G, Cortellino G, Bondioli P, Folegatti L, Casartelli M, Orlandi VT, Tettamanti G, Cappellozza S. Mechanical Processing of Hermetia illucens Larvae and Bombyx mori Pupae Produces Oils with Antimicrobial Activity. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:783. [PMID: 33799904 PMCID: PMC8001418 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop processing methods that safeguard the quality and antimicrobial properties of H. illucens and B. mori oils. We adopted a vegetable diet for both insects: leftover vegetables and fruit for H. illucens and mulberry leaves for B. mori. First, alternative techniques to obtain a good oil extraction yield from the dried biomass of H. illucens larvae were tested. Traditional pressing resulted to be the best system to maximize the oil yield and it was successfully applied to B. mori pupae. Oil quality resulted comparable to that obtained with other extraction methods described in the literature. In the case of B. mori pupae, different treatments and preservation periods were investigated to evaluate their influence on the oil composition and quality. Interestingly, agar diffusion assays demonstrated the sensitivity of Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus to H. illucens and B. mori derived oils, whereas the growth of Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli was not affected. This study confirms that fat and other active compounds of the oil extracted by hot pressing could represent effective antimicrobials against bacteria, a relevant result if we consider that they are by-products of the protein extraction process in the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Saviane
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), 35143 Padova, Italy;
| | - Luca Tassoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy;
| | - Daniele Naviglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80126 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Daniela Lupi
- Dipartimento Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Sara Savoldelli
- Dipartimento Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (D.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Giulia Bianchi
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanna Cortellino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari (CREA-IT), 20133 Milano, Italy; (G.B.); (G.C.)
| | | | - Liliana Folegatti
- Innovhub, Laboratorio Sostanze Grasse, Derivati e Tecnologie Olearie, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Morena Casartelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Viviana Teresa Orlandi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (V.T.O.); (G.T.)
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (V.T.O.); (G.T.)
| | - Silvia Cappellozza
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), 35143 Padova, Italy;
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D'Antonio V, Serafini M, Battista N. Dietary Modulation of Oxidative Stress From Edible Insects: A Mini-Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:642551. [PMID: 33718423 PMCID: PMC7952304 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.642551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible insects are proposed as a nutritious and environmentally sustainable alternative source to animal proteins, due to their numerous advantages in terms of reduced ecological impact and high nutritional value. However, the novelty for edible insects relies on the content of bioactive ingredients potentially able to induce a functional effect in the body. The present review summarizes the main findings on the antioxidant properties of edible insects available in the literature. A total of 30 studies involving animals, cell cultures, or in vitro experimental studies evaluating the antioxidant effect of edible insects are presented in this work. When the antioxidant activity was investigated, using a wide variety of in vitro tests and in cellular models, positive results were shown. Dietary supplementation with edible insects was also able to counteract dietary oxidative stress in animal models, restoring the balance of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the formation of oxidation damage markers. On the basis of the reviewed evidences, edible insects might represent a source of novel redox ingredients at low ecological impact able to modulate oxidative stress. However, due to the fact that majority of these evidences have been obtained in vitro and in cellular and animal models, dietary intervention trials are needed to assess the efficacy of edible insect consumption to modulate redox status in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica D'Antonio
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Mauro Serafini
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Natalia Battista
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technologies for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Kim YJ, Lee KP, Lee DY, Kim YT, Baek S, Yoon MS. Inhibitory effect of modified silkworm pupae oil in PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2020; 29:1091-1099. [PMID: 32670663 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Silkworm pupae oil (SPO) has been reported to have various biological activities in improving blood circulation. However, the protective action of SPO against vascular disorders remains unknown. A new formulation of SPO was prepared through an esterification and saponification process. The composition of unsaturated fatty acids in silkworm pupae oil sodium salt (SPOS) was then analyzed by LC/MS to show α-linolenic acid (11.0%), linoleic acid (73.2%), palmitic acid (3.1%), oleic acid (12.0%), and stearic acid (0.7%). The in vitro studies were performed to find out the efficacy of SPOS on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation. PDGF-BB (10 ng/mL) induced abnormal migration and proliferation of VSMCs, whereas exposure to SPOS (30 μg/mL) significantly reduced the PDGF-BB-induced cell migration and proliferation. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were determined by immunoblot analysis and the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs was downregulated by SPOS (30 μg/mL) treatment. These results indicate that SPOS may be a helpful and useful agent as a functional food and drug against vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499 Korea
| | - Kang Pa Lee
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Do Young Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499 Korea
| | - Yun Tae Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499 Korea
| | - Suji Baek
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Myeong Sik Yoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 31499 Korea
- The Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
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Long X, Song J, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu X, Suo H. Silkworm pupa oil attenuates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB signaling. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:237-245. [PMID: 31993149 PMCID: PMC6977511 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes severe hepatotoxicity and acute liver failure. The current study aims to investigate the protection effects of silkworm pupa oil (SPO) against acute hepatic injury in APAP-exposed Kunming mice. Our results showed that the liver index and the levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in mice subjected to APAP treatment were decreased by SPO. Supplement of SPO also restored hepatic histopathological alterations induced by APAP. The APAP-induced increase in proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12, was reversed by SPO, which was mediated by the reduction of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 expression and the increase in the expression of IκB-α in liver tissue. Moreover, SPO inhibited APAP-triggered oxidative stress by decreasing MDA level and increasing the activities of SOD and GSH-Px. Collectively, SPO attenuated hepatic injury induced by APAP, which attributed to the suppression of oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB signaling. Our findings suggest that SPO supplementation may be potential strategy against acute hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Long
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional FoodChongqing University of EducationChongqingChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food ScienceSouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
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Wang W, Xu L, Zou Y, Pang D, Shi W, Mu L, Li E, Lan D, Wang Y, Liao S. Comprehensive Identification of Principal Lipid Classes and Tocochromanols in Silkworm (Antheraea pernyiandBombyx mori) Pupae Oils. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201900280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weifei Wang
- Sericultural and Agri‐Food Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou 510610 China
| | - Long Xu
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yuxiao Zou
- Sericultural and Agri‐Food Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou 510610 China
| | - Daorui Pang
- Sericultural and Agri‐Food Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou 510610 China
| | - Wei Shi
- Sericultural and Agri‐Food Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou 510610 China
| | - Lixia Mu
- Sericultural and Agri‐Food Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou 510610 China
| | - Erna Li
- Sericultural and Agri‐Food Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou 510610 China
| | - Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Sericultural and Agri‐Food Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou 510610 China
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Long X, Zhao X, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang H, Liu X, Suo H. Protective effect of silkworm pupa oil on hydrochloric acid/ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2974-2986. [PMID: 30479041 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silkworm pupae are a traditional Chinese food, rich in various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids have a certain protective effect against oxidative damage. The present study used an animal model to determine the protective effect of silkworm pupa oil on hydrochloric acid / ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. RESULTS Silkworm pupa oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, including palmitoleic acid 63.4 g kg-1 , oleic acid 249.1 g kg-1 , linoleic acid 47.0 g kg-1 , and linolenic acid 337.8 g kg-1 , whereas its unsaturated fatty acid content is 700 g kg-1 . Compared to a gastric ulcer control group, high and low doses of pupa oil reduced gastric ulcer area and gastric secretion, whereas gastric pH increased. It also increased serum antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels, somatostatin (SST), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels, and reduced serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), motilin (MTL), and gastrin (GT) levels. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses indicated that silkworm pupa oil significantly increased CAT, GSH-Px, epidermal growth factor (EGF), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and NF-kappa-B inhibitor-α (IκB-α) expression and lowered nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. CONCLUSION Silkworm pupa oil treatment reduced oxidative damage and inflammation in mice, and high-dose silkworm pupa oil was superior to low-dose silkworm pupa oil, following ranitidine. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyao Long
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Qinghai University, Xining, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Huayi Suo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, P.R. China
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