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Hellwig M, Diel P, Eisenbrand G, Grune T, Guth S, Henle T, Humpf HU, Joost HG, Marko D, Raupbach J, Roth A, Vieths S, Mally A. Dietary glycation compounds - implications for human health. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:485-617. [PMID: 39150724 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2362985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The term "glycation compounds" comprises a wide range of structurally diverse compounds that are formed endogenously and in food via the Maillard reaction, a chemical reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids. Glycation compounds produced endogenously are considered to contribute to a range of diseases. This has led to the hypothesis that glycation compounds present in food may also cause adverse effects and thus pose a nutritional risk to human health. In this work, the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) summarized data on formation, occurrence, exposure and toxicity of glycation compounds (Part A) and systematically assessed potential associations between dietary intake of defined glycation compounds and disease, including allergy, diabetes, cardiovascular and renal disease, gut/gastrotoxicity, brain/cognitive impairment and cancer (Part B). A systematic search in Pubmed (Medline), Scopus and Web of Science using a combination of keywords defining individual glycation compounds and relevant disease patterns linked to the subject area of food, nutrition and diet retrieved 253 original publications relevant to the research question. Of these, only 192 were found to comply with previously defined quality criteria and were thus considered suitable to assess potential health risks of dietary glycation compounds. For each adverse health effect considered in this assessment, however, only limited numbers of human, animal and in vitro studies were identified. While studies in humans were often limited due to small cohort size, short study duration, and confounders, experimental studies in animals that allow for controlled exposure to individual glycation compounds provided some evidence for impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, cardiovascular effects and renal injury in response to oral exposure to dicarbonyl compounds, albeit at dose levels by far exceeding estimated human exposures. The overall database was generally inconsistent or inconclusive. Based on this systematic review, the SKLM concludes that there is at present no convincing evidence for a causal association between dietary intake of glycation compounds and adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hellwig
- Chair of Special Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sabine Guth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Chair of Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Raupbach
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angelika Roth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Li T, Bu G, Chen Y, Zhao Q, Chang Y. Heat/non-heat treatment alleviates β-conglycinin-triggered food allergy reactions by modulating the Th1/Th2 immune balance in a BALB/c mouse model. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6531-6540. [PMID: 38517196 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increasing popularity of plant protein-based diets, soy proteins are favored as the most important source of plant protein worldwide. However, potential food allergy risks limit their use in the food industry. This work aims to reveal the mechanism of β-conglycinin-induced food allergy, and to explore the regulatory mechanism of heat treatment and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment in a BALB/c mouse model. RESULTS Our results showed that oral administration of β-conglycinin induced severe allergic symptoms in BALB/c mice, but these symptoms were effectively alleviated through heat treatment and HHP treatment. Moreover, β-conglycinin stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation; a large number of cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 and IL-13 were released and interferon γ secretion was inhibited, which disrupted the Th1/Th2 immune balance and promoted the differentiation and proliferation of naive T cells into Th2-type cells. CONCLUSION Heat/non-heat treatment altered the conformation of soybean protein, which significantly reduced allergic reactions in mice. This regulatory mechanism may be associated with Th1/Th2 immune balance. Our results provide data support for understanding the changes in allergenicity of soybean protein within the food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanghao Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- Laboratory of Food Proteins and Colloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Gaungzhou, China
| | - Guanhao Bu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Xu Y, Ahmed I, Zhao Z, Lv L. A comprehensive review on glycation and its potential application to reduce food allergenicity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37683268 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2248510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Food allergens are a major concern for individuals who are susceptible to food allergies and may experience various health issues due to allergens in their food. Most allergenic foods are subjected to heat treatment before being consumed. However, thermal processing and prolonged storage can cause glycation reactions to occur in food. The glycation reaction is a common processing method requiring no special chemicals or equipment. It may affect the allergenicity of proteins by altering the structure of the epitope, revealing hidden epitopes, concealing linear epitopes, or creating new ones. Changes in food allergenicity following glycation processing depend on several factors, including the allergen's characteristics, processing parameters, and matrix, and are therefore hard to predict. This review examines how glycation reactions affect the allergenicity of different allergen groups in allergenic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- Haide College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengxi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangtao Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Huang Z, Qu Y, Hua X, Wang F, Jia X, Yin L. Recent advances in soybean protein processing technologies: A review of preparation, alterations in the conformational and functional properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125862. [PMID: 37467827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Currently, growing concerns about sustainable development and health awareness have driven the development of plant-based meat substitutes. Soybean proteins (SPs) are eco-friendly and high-quality food sources with well-balanced amino acids to meet consumer demand. The functionality and physicochemical attributes of SPs can be improved by appropriate processing and modification. With the burgeoning advances of modern processing technologies in the food industry, a multitude of functional foods and ingredients can be manufactured based on SPs. This review mainly highlights the conformational changes of SPs under traditional and emerging processing technologies and the resultant functionality modifications. By elucidating the relationship between processing-induced structural and functional alterations, detailed and systematic insights are provided regarding the exploitation of these techniques to develop different nutritional and functional soybean products. Some popular methods to modify SPs properties are discussed in this paper, including thermal treatment, fermentation, enzyme catalysis, high hydrostatic pressure, high-intensity ultrasound, atmospheric cold plasma, high-moisture extrusion, glycosylation, pulsed ultraviolet light and interaction with polyphenols. Given these processing technologies, it is promising to expand the application market for SPs and boost the advancement of the soybean industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Hua
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xin Jia
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Lijun Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Wang Y, Gao Y, Duan Y, Wu X, Huang P, Shui T, Xi J. Localization and identification of denatured antigenic sites of glycinin A3 subunit after using two processing technologies. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113082. [PMID: 37330838 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Glycinin is an important allergen in soybeans. In this study, molecular cloning and recombinant phage construction were performed to explore the antigenic sites of the glycinin A3 subunit that were denatured during processing. Next, the A-1-a fragment was located as the denatured antigenic sites by indirect ELISA. The combined UHP heat treatment showed better denaturation of this subunit than the single heat treatment assay. In addition, identification of the synthetic peptide showed that the A-1-a fragment was an amino acid sequence containing a conformational and linear IgE site, in which the first synthetic peptide (P1) being both an antigenic and allergenic site. The results of alanine-scanning showed that the key amino acids affecting antigenicity and allergenicity of A3 subunit were S28, K29, E32, L35 and N13. Our results could provide the basis for further development of more efficient methods to reduce the allergenicity of soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yida Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuying Duan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Pengbo Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Tianjiao Shui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jun Xi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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Astuti RM, Palupi NS, Suhartono MT, Kusumaningtyas E, Lioe HN. Effect of processing treatments on the allergenicity of nuts and legumes: A meta-analysis. J Food Sci 2023; 88:28-56. [PMID: 36444520 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effective food processing to reduce nuts and legumes allergenicity could not be easily and directly concluded from reading a few published reports. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate this issue. A literature search was conducted in eight electronic databases from January 2000 to June 11, 2021. The primary outcome of interest was the allergenicity of processed nuts or legumes determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from in vitro studies. Data with the standardized mean difference (SMD) of 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled using a random-effect model by RevMan 5.4 software. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q (PQ ) and I2 tests. The search strategy identified 18,793 articles. However, only 61 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. There were 21 and 15 types of respective single and combined food processing treatments analyzed for their effects on reducing allergenicity. In single processing treatment, the extrusion and fermentation had the largest reduction in allergenicity, considering their SMD value, that is, -20.19 (95% CI: -22.22 to -18.17; the certainty of evidence: moderate) and -20.8 (95% CI: -24.10 to -17.50; the certainty of evidence: moderate), respectively. Whereas in the combination, the treatment of fermentation followed by proteolytic hydrolysis showed the most significant reduction (SMD: -53.34; 95% CI: -70.18 to -36.5) and the evidence quality of this treatment was considered moderate. In conclusion, these three food processing methods showed a desirable impact in reducing nuts or legumes allergenicity. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Nuts and legumes play an essential role as protein sources in food consumption worldwide, but they usually contain allergens. Our study has investigated the food processing methods that effectively reduce their allergenicity by meta-analysis. The result gives valuable information for further laboratory investigation on allergens and can be used by food industries in providing foods from nuts and legumes with lower allergenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizki Maryam Astuti
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Bakrie University, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Nurheni Sri Palupi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology Center, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Eni Kusumaningtyas
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hanifah Nuryani Lioe
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
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Hsiao JT, Chen KH, Sheu F. Determination of the soybean allergen Gly m 6 and its stability in food processing using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with stable-isotope dimethyl labelling. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:1033-1046. [PMID: 35363120 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2056639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A cost-effective method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) coupled with stable-isotope dimethyl labelling was used for the determination of Gly m 6. The validation results revealed that the recoveries and precisions obtained from five spiked levels were in the ranges of 88.8-113.0% and 8.3-22.0%, respectively. The content and stability of the major soybean allergen Gly m 6 in various food processing procedures were evaluated by the quantification results of its surrogate signature peptide. The Gly m 6 content in soybean decreased by 42% after natto fermentation, and by 31% and 35% in pasteurised soymilk and sterilised soymilk, respectively, relative to the raw soymilk. Only 19% of Gly m 6 in raw soymilk was retained in the soymilk film. This study extended the feasibility of dimethyl labelling to soy-based food samples and examined the proteolysis of Gly m 6 in natto fermentation and its thermal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hong Chen
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fuu Sheu
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Centre for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Maillard Reaction Induced Changes in Allergenicity of Food. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040530. [PMID: 35206007 PMCID: PMC8870895 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is increasing in prevalence, posing aheavier social and financial burden. At present, there is still no widely accepted treatment for it. Methods to reduce or eliminate the allergenicity of trigger foods are urgently needed. Technological processing contributes to producing some hypoallergenic foods. Among the processing methods, the Maillard reaction (MR) is popular because neither special chemical materials nor sophisticated equipment is needed. MR may affect the allergenicity of proteins by disrupting the conformational epitope, disclosing the hidden epitope, masking the linear epitope, and/or forming a new epitope. Changes in the allergenicity of foods after processing are affected by various factors, such as the characteristics of the allergen, the processing parameters, and the processing matrix, and they are therefore variable and difficult to predict. This paper reviews the effects of MR on the allergenicity of each allergen group from common allergenic foods.
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Guo Q, Li S, Tang J, Chang S, Qiang L, Du G, Yue T, Yuan Y. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum by spray drying: Protective effects during simulated food processing, gastrointestinal conditions, and in kefir. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:539-545. [PMID: 34808148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are incorporated into food products because of numerous favorable effects on human health. The viability of probiotics is often affected by unfavorable interference during processing. The encapsulation can provide protection to probiotics during mechanical processing, storage, and gastrointestinal digestion. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of whey protein isolate (WPI) and dextran (DX) conjugates for Lactobacillus plantarum. The WPI-DX conjugate was prepared by Maillard-based glycation and confirmed by gel electrophoresis. Extending the heating time from 1 to 5 h decreased the content of tryptophan residues and increased the amide I and amide II bands. The enhanced protective ability of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) for L. plantarum was observed under conditions of stress (pH, heat, and salt) and in vitro digestion. In situ viability tests showed that encapsulation improved the survival of bacteria in kefir during 15 days of storage at 4 °C. Overall, our results provide valuable information for the development of functional probiotic food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shidong Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jiaxin Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shuaidan Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Liyue Qiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Gengan Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China; College of Food Science and Techonology, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Yang R, Zhu L, Meng D, Wang Q, Zhou K, Wang Z, Zhou Z. Proteins from leguminous plants: from structure, property to the function in encapsulation/binding and delivery of bioactive compounds. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5203-5223. [PMID: 33569994 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1883545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Leguminous proteins are important nutritional components in leguminous plants, and they have different structures and functions depending on their sources. Due to their specific structures and physicochemical properties, leguminous proteins have received much attention in food and nutritional applications, and they can be applied as various carriers for binding/encapsulation and delivery of food bioactive compounds. In this review, we systematically summarize the different structures and functional properties of several leguminous proteins which can be classified as ferritin, trypsin inhibitor, β-conglycinin, glycinin, and various leguminous proteins isolates. Moreover, we review the development of leguminous proteins as carriers of food bioactive compounds, and emphasize the functions of leguminous protein-based binding/encapsulation and delivery in overcoming the low bioavailability, instability and low absorption efficiency of food bioactive compounds. The limitations and challenges of the utilization of leguminous proteins as carriers of food bioactive compounds are also discussed. Possible approaches to resolve the limitations of applying leguminous proteins such as instability of proteins and poor absorption of bioactive compounds are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Demei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhongkai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Glycation of Plant Proteins Via Maillard Reaction: Reaction Chemistry, Technofunctional Properties, and Potential Food Application. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020376. [PMID: 33572281 PMCID: PMC7915956 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant proteins are being considered to become the most important protein source of the future, and to do so, they must be able to replace the animal-derived proteins currently in use as techno-functional food ingredients. This poses challenges because plant proteins are oftentimes storage proteins with a high molecular weight and low water solubility. One promising approach to overcome these limitations is the glycation of plant proteins. The covalent bonding between the proteins and different carbohydrates created via the initial stage of the Maillard reaction can improve the techno-functional characteristics of these proteins without the involvement of potentially toxic chemicals. However, compared to studies with animal-derived proteins, glycation studies on plant proteins are currently still underrepresented in literature. This review provides an overview of the existing studies on the glycation of the major groups of plant proteins with different carbohydrates using different preparation methods. Emphasis is put on the reaction conditions used for glycation as well as the modifications to physicochemical properties and techno-functionality. Different applications of these glycated plant proteins in emulsions, foams, films, and encapsulation systems are introduced. Another focus lies on the reaction chemistry of the Maillard reaction and ways to harness it for controlled glycation and to limit the formation of undesired advanced glycation products. Finally, challenges related to the controlled glycation of plant proteins to improve their properties are discussed.
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Abstract
This review searched for published evidence that could explain how different physicochemical properties impact on the allergenicity of food proteins and if their effects would follow specific patterns among distinct protein families. Owing to the amount and complexity of the collected information, this literature overview was divided in two articles, the current one dedicated to protein families of plant allergens and a second one focused on animal allergens. Our extensive analysis of the available literature revealed that physicochemical characteristics had consistent effects on protein allergenicity for allergens belonging to the same protein family. For example, protein aggregation contributes to increased allergenicity of 2S albumins, while for legumins and cereal prolamins, the same phenomenon leads to a reduction. Molecular stability, related to structural resistance to heat and proteolysis, was identified as the most common feature promoting plant protein allergenicity, although it fails to explain the potency of some unstable allergens (e.g. pollen-related food allergens). Furthermore, data on physicochemical characteristics translating into clinical effects are limited, mainly because most studies are focused on in vitro IgE binding. Clinical data assessing how these parameters affect the development and clinical manifestation of allergies is minimal, with only few reports evaluating the sensitising capacity of modified proteins (addressing different physicochemical properties) in murine allergy models. In vivo testing of modified pure proteins by SPT or DBPCFC is scarce. At this stage, a systematic approach to link the physicochemical properties with clinical plant allergenicity in real-life scenarios is still missing.
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Xi C, Kang N, Zhao C, Song H, Liu Y, Zhang T. Effect of reaction temperature on the protein structure and the ability to encapsulate β-carotene of WPI-dextran conjugates. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1707-1716. [PMID: 32449946 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we studied the effect of glycosylation reaction on the molecular structure and functional properties of whey protein isolate (WPI), and studied the effect of reaction temperature (50 to 90 °C) on the molecular structure and functional properties of WPI-dextran conjugates (WPI-D). The results of the extent of glycation (EG) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed the formation of WPI-D. Circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that the molecular structure of WPI was changed after glycosylation-the β-sheet content was decreased and the tryptophan content was increased. The emulsifying properties and the ability to encapsulate β-carotene of WPI-D were improved compared with WPI (P < 0.05). When the reaction temperature was 70 and 80 °C, the EG and the ability to encapsulate β-carotene of WPI-D were better (P < 0.05), which was related to protein unfolding. However, due to the polymerization between the WPI molecules, the emulsion activity index of WPI-D and the ability to encapsulate β-carotene were lowered at 90 °C (P < 0.05). Therefore, the glycosylation reaction can change the molecular structure and functional properties of WPI; the emulsifying properties and the ability to encapsulate β-carotene of WPI-D can be changed by controlling the reaction temperature of glycosylation. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The glycosylation reaction can change the molecular structure and functional properties of Whey protein isolate; the emulsifying properties and the ability to encapsulate β-carotene of WPI-dextran conjugates can be changed by controlling the reaction temperature of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Xi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, P. R. China
| | - Naixin Kang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, P. R. China
| | - Changhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, P. R. China
| | - Hongxin Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, P. R. China
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, P. R. China
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14
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Effects of high hydrostatic pressure combined with heat treatment on the antigenicity and conformation of β-conglycinin. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03472-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Liu L, Li Y, Prakash S, Dai X, Meng Y. Enzymolysis and glycosylation synergistic modified ovalbumin: functional and structural characteristics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1424198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yu Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Sangeeta Prakash
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiaoning Dai
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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